68-e samecniero sesiasamecniero sesia - ice.ge inst... · 68-e samecniero sesiasamecniero sesia...

arnold Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis institutiarnold Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis institutiarnold Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis institutiarnold Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis instituti

68-e samecniero sesiasamecniero sesiasamecniero sesiasamecniero sesia

masalebimasalebimasalebimasalebi

2009 wlis 22-24 dekemberi

eZRvneba

akad. T a m a z g a m y r el i Z e sT a m a z g a m y r el i Z e sT a m a z g a m y r el i Z e sT a m a z g a m y r el i Z e s

dabadebis 80808080 wlisTavze

Tbilisi 2009

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a v T a n d i l a r a b u l ia v T a n d i l a r a b u l ia v T a n d i l a r a b u l ia v T a n d i l a r a b u l i

----nnnn----sufiqsian formaTa erTi rigisaTvis sufiqsian formaTa erTi rigisaTvis sufiqsian formaTa erTi rigisaTvis sufiqsian formaTa erTi rigisaTvis istoriul istoriul istoriul istoriul qarTulSiqarTulSiqarTulSiqarTulSi

1. sulxan-saba orbelians Tavis `sityvis konaSi~, rogorc

Cans, mis xelT arsebuli yvela SemTxveva aRunusxavs -nnnn-sufiqsi-

ani eqspresiuli (xmabaZviTi) Sinaarsis erTi tipis formebisa:

tyaptyaptyaptyapnininini brtylad dacemis (dacemulis C) ƒma. wkapwkapwkapwkapni ni ni ni wveTis ƒma. wkarwkarwkarwkarnininini ilekros ƒma (rkinis ƒma C). WaqWaqWaqWaqni ni ni ni Wiqis gatexis ƒma (Sdr. n. Cub.: WaWaWaWaqaqaqaqanininini, , , , WaWaWaWaxaxaxaxanininini...). 2. TvalSisacemia, rom ganmartebebSi yvelgan `ƒ m a~ domi-

nirebs da isic aSkaraa, rom es formebi SinaarsiT igivea, rac,

erTi mxriv, axal qarTulSi ufro gavrcelebuli tyatyatyatyapanpanpanpan-i,

wkawkawkawkapanpanpanpan-i..., xolo meore mxriv _ reduplicirebuli formebi:

tyatyatyatyapapapapatyuptyuptyuptyup-i, wkawkawkawkapawpawpawpawkupkupkupkup-i da sxv.

Sdr. saba: jajajajaƒƒƒƒnininini didi(s) tkecebis ƒma. _ jajajajaƒƒƒƒaaaa----jujujujuƒƒƒƒi i i i mraval-jer didi(s) tkecebis ƒma.

amave dros, aSkaraa, rom amgvar martiv fuZeTa (ZirTa)

umetesoba xmovniTi alternaciis Sedegia:

tyeptyeptyeptyep-s > tyaptyaptyaptyap-n-i,

wkepwkepwkepwkep-s > wkapwkapwkapwkap-n-i...

3. am formaTa Sepirispireba gviCvenebs, rom -nnnn sufiqsuri

elementia; Semdgomi sailustracio masala adasturebs, rom

aSkaraa misi kavSiri mravlobiTobis -nnnn (-TTTT) sufiqsTan.

`tyaptyaptyaptyap-nnnn-i~ tipis formebi vlindeba rogorc adrindel li-

teraturul wyaroebSi, ise, gansakuTrebiT, dialeqtebSi. maT-

Si dadasturebuli masala warmoaCens, jer erTi, amgvar for-

maTa mravlobiTSi SemaTanxmebel unars Sesabamis zmnasTan:

`vefxistyaosani~:

`fatman Seqmna Tavsa cema, Rawvni esxnes naxokarni, cremlTa misTa Seeyarnes, wyarosaebr ismnesnesnesnes wkarnnnni~. (Sdr. `vefxistyaosnisave~:

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`kvla wyalsa asxams, uSvelis, xma ismissss mun wkanwkarisa~). `Sahname~:

`ferdzeda edvis baliSi, tirs, cremlsa wkarnnnni gauƒdeseseses~. xevsuruli:

`kidev Sajdeba lurjasa, sxapnnnn iqnanananan maTraƒisani~. meore mxriv, mravlobiTis -TTTT(aaaa) sufiqsis Senacvleba irib

brunvebSi; mag., fragmenti vaJa-fSavelas erTi-erTi eTnografi-

uli narkvevidan: `...Tore, ganae agaden `tyraSTTTT~ _ xo ici...~ Tu male aiTreba `Tarua~, xo patiosani, Tu ara da gasdgebian kidec `tyraSnnnni~...

4. vfiqrobT, -nnnn (-TTTT) amgvar formebSi imave funqciis mqo-

nea, risac reduplikacia Sesabamis fuZeTa gaormagebisas (sxasxasxasxa----

paspaspaspasxuxuxuxupipipipi...), anu mas intensivobis gamoxatvis funqcia ekisreba.

reduplikaciisas mas ganmeorebadobis semantika emateba.

5. savaraudoa, rom es movlena izolirebuli ar unda iyos

qarTuli enis istoriaSi. mas vukavSirebT im rigis narTanian

formebs, romlebic realurad mravlobiTs ar gulisxmobs,

`simravlis~ ki ara, `siuxvis~, `sisavsis~, `sididis~ gamomxatve-

lia: wyalwyalwyalwyal----nnnn-i, sisxlsisxlsisxlsisxl----nnnn-i, mimimimiwawawawa----nnnn-i...

mag.: Seayennis wyalni RrubelTa misTa (iob. 26, 8); sca kldesa da gamoecnes wyalni (fsalm. 104, 41); camca mrisxavs, mzisa Suqni yola CemTvis nu Suqnia!

(`vefx.~); vuCvene: `xedavT, indoTa tyved hyvanan Suqni romelni?~

(iqve). ar aris gamoricxuli, rom -nnnn (-TTTT)-s amgvari funqciiT gamo-

vlena arqetipuli (reliqturi) movlena iyos.

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n on on on o d a r a rd a r a rd a r a rd a r a r d od od od o t et et et e l il il il i susususubibibibieqeqeqeqtitititisa da obisa da obisa da obisa da obieqeqeqeqtis urtis urtis urtis urTiTiTiTiererererTmiTmiTmiTmimarmarmarmarTeTeTeTebibibibisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis dididididodododour enaur enaur enaur enaTa mimGeoTa mimGeoTa mimGeoTa mimGeobabababaSiSiSiSi

didour enebSi, mTis sxva iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa ana-

logiurad, gardauvali zmna subieqtis klasis mixedviT icvle-ba, gardamavali zmna ki _ obieqtis klasis mixedviT [Ciqobava 1960: 6; 1979: 169; Ciqobava, cercvaZe 1962: 238-241].

1. didour enebSi gardauvali zmnis mimGeoba qmnis or-wevriani SesitKvebis mxolod erT tips [Sdr. abdulaevi 1969: 35], romelic gamoixateba formuliT: `gardagardagardagardauuuuvavavavali zmnis li zmnis li zmnis li zmnis

mimGeomimGeomimGeomimGeoba ba ba ba ++++ sub sub sub substanstanstanstantitititivi novi novi novi nomimimiminanananativtivtivtivSiSiSiSi~: sak. did. ralÀad�-olÀxor rrrr-ikiikiikiikixoxoxoxosi lsi lsi lsi lÀÀÀÀiiii rrrr-eje �olÀ `zGvisken mimavali wKali di-dia (àris~)~; hin. halÀo barus zeK…en ∅∅∅∅-eTiteTiteTiteTit¾¾¾¾os rekos rekos rekos rek…e…e…e…e àm cols hKolia saKvareli (zedmiw. `saKvareli kaci~)~... amgvar mimGeobur formaSi iseve, rogorc Sesabamis zmnaSi, realuri subieqtis klasi (da ricxvi) gramatikulad aisaxeba: sak. did. to ciƒƒ‰Gor bbbb-ikiikiikiikixoxoxoxosi jesi jesi jesi jekukukuku-bi �olbi �olbi �olbi �olÀÀÀÀ àq arian tKeSi mimavali kacebi~.

metad niSandoblivia didour enaTaTvis is, rom uklas-niSno gardauvali zmnis mimGeobis atributul SesitKvebaSi realuri subieqti (RS) gramatikulad ar gamoixateba, radgan am tipis mimGeobebs klasis saTanado niSani zmnidan ar gadmohKveba. subieqtis klasis aGsaniSnavad arc sufiqsuri klasis eqsponentebi dasturdeba.

ismis kiTxva: ra gamoiKeneba klasifikatorTa uqonlobis sakompensacio saSualebad, romlebic miuTiTebdnen realur subieqtze an realur obieqtze?

Cveni azriT, klasur kuTvnilebaze miuTiTebs gramatiku-li forma da leqsikuri mniSvneloba, romelic nominatiuri brunvis formiTaa gamoxatuli, mag., aGur‰ �olÀ meq…axomeq…axomeq…axomeq…axosi jesi jesi jesi je----

kukukuku `wisqvilSi mSieri kacia~. warmodgenil winadadebaSi mimGeoba meq…axomeq…axomeq…axomeq…axosisisisi (`mSieri~)

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SeiZleba qalsac gulisxmobdes da nivTsac, magram misi Sinaar-sobrivi konkretizacia _ klasuri kuTvnilebis dadgena jejejejekukukuku (`kaci~) leqsemis mixedviT xdeba, e. i. jejejejekukukuku (`kaci~) amogvacno-binebs gramatikul klass da gvevlineba realur subieqtad. mi-uxedavad imisa, rom mimGeobaSi klasis eqsponenti ar gvaqvs, azrobrivi kavSiri mimGeobasa (meq…axomeq…axomeq…axomeq…axosisisisi) da RS-s (jejejejekukukuku) So-ris mKaria.

analogiuri suraTi gveZleva axlomonaTesave enebSi: hin. sasaƒ dij qeze ‘ƒÀ hadiddŒ noxtnoxtnoxtnoxt¾¾¾¾os rekos rekos rekos rek…e…e…e…e `diliT me Sevxvde-bi aqeT momaval kacs~; bej. KŠ‡eqKŠ‡eqKŠ‡eqKŠ‡eqcas ojocas ojocas ojocas ojo die ge� [madieva 1965: 130, 13] `waqceuli bavSvi Cemia (àris~)~.

2. didour enebSi calke Jgufad unda gamoiKos grZnoba-aGqmis (verba sentiendi-s) tipis zmnaTa mimGeobebis subieqtur-obieqturi mimarTebebi.

am tipis zmnaTa mimGeobebi qmnian samwevra SesitKvebis Sem-deg models: `subsubsubsubstanstanstanstantitititivi vi vi vi (RS) da da da dativtivtivtivSiSiSiSi + gardagardagardagardauuuuvavavavali zmnis li zmnis li zmnis li zmnis

mimGeomimGeomimGeomimGeobabababa + subsubsubsubstanstanstanstantitititivi vi vi vi (RO) nonononomimimiminanananativtivtivtivSiSiSiSi~. grZnoba-aGqmis zmnebisagan nawarmoeb mimGeobebSi, rom-

lebSic realuri subieqti win uswrebs mimGeobur formas, Se-sabamis zmnaTa analogiurad [imnaiSvili 1963: 260; haidarova 1979: 162], warmodgenilia realuri obieqtis gramatikuli klasis eqsponenti nominatiur brunvaSi, xolo realuri subi-eqtis gramatikuli klasis niSani mimGeobaSi ar aisaxeba, maga-liTad: sak. did. deber (RS) ��-’Tiru qidqidqidqid (RO) idu ‰nu `Seni SeKvarebuli gogo saxlSi araa~; ho…ji ��-isir (RS) ��-iq…‰…ru molmolmolmol'uuuu (RO) isŠ bitun yezi‡on àxla misi (qalis) nanaxi (zed-miw. `mas Cvenebuli~) sizmari man simarTled miiCnia~; bej. muha-madil (RS) ��-atiro qidqidqidqid (RO) ‡enxe‡ ��-eqna `mahomedis SeKvare-buli gogo wKalSi Cavarda~; xvarS. dil (RS) llll-aq…alasa aƒaƒaƒaƒ (RO) golÀe `Cemi sanaxavi saxli aris~; hin. bbbb-uho golÀa zezezezerurururu (RO) bbbb-iqe�eru mixt¾o GÀ…adijaz (RS)... `naxes ra Kvavebma mkvdari mela...~

3. gardamavali zmnis mimGeoba or struqturul tips qmnis: 1) `sasasasaxexexexeli li li li (RS) er er er ergagagagativtivtivtivSi Si Si Si + gardagardagardagardamavmavmavmavli zmnis mimGeoli zmnis mimGeoli zmnis mimGeoli zmnis mimGeo----

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ba ba ba ba + subsubsubsubstanstanstanstanttttiiiivi vi vi vi (RO) no no no nomimimiminanananativtivtivtivSiSiSiSi~. msgavsi tipis SesitKvebis mimGeoba ZiriTadad vnebiTi gvaris semantikis Semcvelia, mag.,

sak. did. lÀac’ (RS) ��-’jiru ises wiGuwiGuwiGuwiGu (RO) sid aoziz oz’Gor ya‡in `qaris waGebuli xaris beyi erT mwKemss TvalSi Cauvarda~; xvarS. uja (RS) ��-Š�za GiniGiniGiniGini (RO) ��-agu isa� `vajis moKvanili qali keTili ar aGmoCnda~; bej. do (RS) Ø-it¾e�o ojo (RO) ge� hugi `Cemi mokluli Kmawvilia (àris~) is~.

zemomoKvanil winadadebebSi RS, romelic dgas ergatiul brunvaSi, mimGeobaSi ar airekleba, xolo RO, romelic nomina-tiuri brunviT gadmoicema, zmnaSi saTanado gramatikuli kla-sis eqsponentis TanxlebiT realizdeba.

2) `sussussussustantantantantitititivi vi vi vi (RO) no no no nomimimiminanananativtivtivtivSiSiSiSi + gardagardagardagardamamamamavavavavalililili zmnis zmnis zmnis zmnis

mimGeomimGeomimGeomimGeobabababa + subsubsubsubstanstanstanstantitititivi vi vi vi (RS) no no no nomimimiminanananativtivtivtivSiSiSiSi~, mag.: xvarS. boxboxboxbox (RO) llll-awdo�o zinhi (RS) lÀon xul'i `balaxis Semymelma Zro-xam wKalic dalia~; did. halhalhalhaltitititi (RO) bbbb-isxosi jeku (RS) iduGor Øikis `saqmis amGebi kaci saxlSi wavida~. bolo wina-dadebis SesitKvebaSi `halhalhalhaltitititi bbbb-isxosi jeku~ halhalhalhaltitititi `saqme~ (RO) airekleba mimGeobaSi bbbb- klas-niSnis saSualebiT, xolo leqsemas jejejejekukukuku `kaci~ (RS) moepoveba Tavisi niSani -sisisisi forman-tis saxiT, romlis saSualebiTac uTanxmdeba sazGvruls _ rea-lur subieqts.

unda aGiniSnos, rom zemomoKvanili SesitKvebis kiduri wevrebi, marTalia, semantikur kavSirs amKareben erTmaneTTan, magram formobrivi (morfologiurad realizebuli) damokide-buleba maT Soris araa gamoxatuli. SesitKvebis Suala kompo-nenti _ mimGeoba warmoadgens realuri obieqtisa da realuri subieqtis damakavSirebel rgols. es Sepirobebulia mimGeobis bunebiT _ mas gaaCnia ormxrivi morfologiuri gamoxatuleba: prefiqsuli _ klasisa da ricxvis niSniT (zmniseuli), sufiq-suri _ adieqtiuri formantiT (organuli).

4. kauzatiuri (kauzatiuri zmnisagan nawarmoebi) mimGeo-bebi gansxvavebulia imis mixedviT _ gardauvali zmnisaganaa na-warmoebi kauzativi Tu gardamavlisagan. saTanadod arsebobs

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orgvari kauzativi: a) pirveladi da b) meoreuli [mahomedbeko-va 1978: 235; zviadauri 1990: 219-220; ardoteli 2008: 64-83].

a) pirveladi kauzativisagan nawarmoebi mimGeobebi, sin-taqsuri TvalsazrisiT, ZiriTadad gardamavali zmnebis mimGeo-baTa badalia. aseTi mimGeobebi SesitKvebaSi iseTsave rols as-ruleben, rogorsac Cveulebrivad gardamavali zmnis mimGeobe-bi. didouri enebis analogiuri rigis mimGeobebSi realuri subieqti dgas ergativSi, xolo realuri obieqti nominativSi, magaliTad: sak. did. mi mi mi mi (RS) (Ø)ex‰rru uji ex‰rru uji ex‰rru uji ex‰rru uji (RO) de� uji zo-…no `Sen mier mokluli biyi Cemi Svili iKo~; bej. do do do do (RS)

ØuGoluGoluGoluGollo sulo sulo sulo sukos kos kos kos (RO),,,, isisisis ØonKoro jenSa `Cemi mokluli ka-cis Zma movida dGes~; xvarS. me me me me (RS) ah ah ah ahhu uje hu uje hu uje hu uje (RO) di�o ØeCi (santl.) `Sen mier mokluli vaji Cemi (Svili) iKo~.

b) meoreuli kauzativisagan (kauzativis formantTa re-duplikaciiT) nawarmoebi mimGeobebi qmnian oTxwevra SesitKve-bis erT struqturul tips: subsubsubsubstanstanstanstantitititivi vi vi vi ((((erererergagagagatitititiul brunul brunul brunul brunvavavava----

SiSiSiSi) ) ) ) + subsubsubsubstanstanstanstantitititivi vi vi vi ((((lolololokakakakattttiiiiur brunur brunur brunur brunvavavavaSiSiSiSi) ) ) ) + kakakakauuuuzazazazatitititiuuuuri ri ri ri

mimGeomimGeomimGeomimGeoba ba ba ba + subsubsubsubstanstanstanstantitititivi vi vi vi ((((nonononomimimiminanananatitititiur brunur brunur brunur brunvavavavaSiSiSiSi)))). mimGeobaSi, rogorc warmodgenili tipis SesitKvebis

erT-erT komponentSi, naTlad aisaxeba subieqt-obieqtebis da-mokidebuleba. mimGeobis auslautur poziciaSi airekleba uax-loesi (`pirdapiri~) obieqtis klasi da ricxvi, xolo realuri subieqti da iribi obieqti gramatikulad gamoxatuli ar ari-an, magaliTad: did. nes‰ nes‰ nes‰ nes‰ (RS) eC eC eC eCru jeru jeru jeru jekuƒ kuƒ kuƒ kuƒ ((((RO iri iri iri iribibibibi) ) ) )

rrrr-iser‰si l l l lÀÀÀÀi i i i ((((RO uax uax uax uaxlolololoeeeesisisisi)))) di al'inyus `mis mier (zedmiw. `man~) moxuci kacisaTvis naKidvinebeli (`aGebinebuli~) wKali me ar davlie~; bej. di�ela isdi�ela isdi�ela isdi�ela isti ti ti ti (RS) bis‰ƒid bis‰ƒid bis‰ƒid bis‰ƒid ((((RO iri iri iri iribibibibi) ) ) )

bbbb-oxilli�o bibibibisa sa sa sa ((((RO uax uax uax uaxlolololoeeeesisisisi) ) ) ) bercinab ge� `Cemi Zmis mier (zedmiw. `Cemma Zmam~) meTevzisTvis dayerinebuli Tevzi lamazi aris~.

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S uS uS uS u q i a a fq i a a fq i a a fq i a a f r ir ir ir i d od od od o n in in in i Z eZ eZ eZ e etietietietikekekeketis gamotis gamotis gamotis gamomxatmxatmxatmxatveveveveli leqli leqli leqli leqsisisisika ka ka ka `̀̀̀vevevevefxistKaofxistKaofxistKaofxistKaosansansansanSiSiSiSi~~~~

1. `vefxistKaosnis~ mdidari leqsika mravali mxriv aris sagulisxmo da amitom specialurad Sesaswavlic. am Tvalsaz-risiT erT-erTi mniSvnelovani aspeqtia personajTa metKvelebi-sa da qcevis etiketis gamomxatveli leqsika.

2. poemaSi asaxuli is socialuri (e. w. patronKmuri) ur-TierToba, romelic akavSirebs ierarqiis grZel kibeze mKof personajebs _ erTi mxriv, maGali wris wevrebs (mefeebs, uf-liswulebs...) da, meore mxriv, maTs `Kmebs~, qveSevrdomebs, sa-Tanado leqsikiT aris gamoxatuli.

3. uwinares Kovlisa, KuradGebas iqcevs mudam mkacrad da-culi principi metKvelebis gamomxatveli leqsemebis diferen-cirebuli xmarebisa. ierarqis metKveleba qveSevrdomis mimarT mudam brZanebiT aGiniSneba, xolo qveSevrdomisa ierarqis mi-marT _ a) dialogSic da b) avtoriseul remarkaSi _ kadkadkadkadrererere----

biTbiTbiTbiT da momomomoxsexsexsexsenenenenebiTbiTbiTbiT. magaliTad, mefe rostevanis mimarTvas sa-TaTbirod dabarebuli vezirebisadmi _

a) ububububrZarZarZarZanananana: `gkigkigkigkiTxavTxavTxavTxav saqmesa, erTgan sasaubnarosa~ (35, 1) _ mosdevs vezirTa pasuxi mefisadmi:

b) vazirTa hkadhkadhkadhkadresresresres: `mefeo, rad brZane Tqveni beroba!~ (37, 1)... `magas nunununu brZabrZabrZabrZanebTnebTnebTnebT, mefeo, Jer vardi ar dagynobia~ (38, 1). vera hkadhkadhkadhkadrararara saubari, mona metad Seuzarda, ... momomomoaxaxaxaxsesesesenananana: `giZgiZgiZgiZrZarZarZarZanebnebnebnebsosososo~, axlos midga, dauwKnarda (87, 1-3). 4. qveSevrdomi ierarqs mimarTavs rogorc SeSeSeSenonononobiTbiTbiTbiT, ise

TqveTqveTqveTqvenonononobiTbiTbiTbiT. am mxriv mkafio sademarkacio xazi ar SeiniSneba, zmnebSi ki zemoaGniSnuli etiketuri diferencireba, Cveulebi-samebr, daculia.

5. leqsikuri mravalferovnebisaTvis poemaSi ixmareba zogi sxva zmnac, mag., SekiTxvis gamosaxatavad metKveleba-wris zemox-senebul zmnebs daniSnulebisamebr enacvleba ikiikiikiikiTxavsTxavsTxavsTxavs zmna. sa-kmaod xSirad aris gamoKenebuli mokle TqvaTqvaTqvaTqva zmnac. am SemTxve-

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vaSi gasaTvaliswinebelia versifikaciuli reglamentaciis faq-tori, romlis ZaliTac realizebulia klitikebis moTxovnileba.

moxsenebaSi KuradGeba eqceva sxva momiJnave sakiTxebsac. m a i a b a r i x a Sm a i a b a r i x a Sm a i a b a r i x a Sm a i a b a r i x a S v i l iv i l iv i l iv i l i

zedzedzedzedsarsarsarsarTaTaTaTavi savi savi savi saxexexexelislislislis xarisxis xarisxis xarisxis xarisxis warmo warmo warmo warmoeeeeba ba ba ba inininingigigigilolololour diur diur diur diaaaaleqtleqtleqtleqtSiSiSiSi

1. ingilour dialeqtSi zedsarTavi saxelis xarisxis sami-

ve forma gvxvdeba: dadebiTi, odnaobiTi da ufroobiTi.

odnaobiTi xarisxis formebi iseve, rogorc saliteratu-

ro qarTulSi, momomomo____oooo afiqsebiT iwarmoeba.

2. ingilouri dialeqti ufroobiT xarisxs ver awarmoebs.

mis nacvlad am kategoriis gamosaxatavad iyenebs indoevro-

pul enebSi arsebuli aRmatebiTi xarisxis msgavs formebs. am

xarisxis sawarmoeblad ingilour dialeqtSi gamoiyeneba ro-

gorc Zireuli, aseve azerbaijanuli enidan nasesxebi sityvebi.

magaliTad: magra _ metad, elasala _ metismetad, laf-

magra _ yvelaze metad. amave xarisxis gamosaxatavad aRniSnul

dialeqtSi gamoiyeneba intensiuri warmoeba: wim-wiTel, f÷m-

f÷xS÷la da sxv.

a l ia l ia l ia l i n a b a G i Sn a b a G i Sn a b a G i Sn a b a G i S v iv iv iv i l il il il i megrmegrmegrmegr. . . . `̀̀̀nanananafrafrafrafra~ ~ ~ ~ TeTeTeTeooooninininimis warmomis warmomis warmomis warmomavmavmavmavlolololobibibibisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis

`nanananafrafrafrafra~ (nafurnaxa) samegreloSi warmarTuli GvTaebis saxelia. nafras TaKvaniscema da rituali sruldeboda ivlisis TveSi. xalxSi gavrcelebuli azriT, `nafras~ loculobdnen

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sxvadasxva daavadebis dros. erT-erTi Selocva sruldeboda Tvalnakravis (gaTvalulis) SemTxvevaSic.

vfiqrobT, megr. `nafra~ Teonimi arabuli warmomavlobi-saa. arabuli leqsikuri erTeuli `nafra~ ذړة [nafr-aTun] niS-navs Tvalnakravis, gaTvalvis sawinaaGmdego amulets, avgarozs. arabuli `nafra~ da megruli sakuTari saxeli `nafra~ (nafur-naxa) semantikis TvalsazrisiT aSkara msgavsebas amjGavnebs.

s. makalaTias azriT, `nafras~ meore SesatKvisi `nafurna-xa~, rogorc locvidan Cans, aseve GvTaebis saxelia.

l al al al a l i b il i b il i b il i b i n in in in i a Sa Sa Sa S v iv iv iv i l il il il i `̀̀̀varvarvarvarskuskuskuskulalalalavevevevedidididi~ ~ ~ ~ sitKvis mniSsitKvis mniSsitKvis mniSsitKvis mniSvnevnevnevnelolololobibibibisasasasaTvis Zvel qarTvis Zvel qarTvis Zvel qarTvis Zvel qar----TulTulTulTulSiSiSiSi

mefeTa || wignSi varvarvarvarskuskuskuskulalalalavevevevedidididi samoslis msazGvrelad ix-

mareba da mis raGac saxeobas aGniSnavs: da Tamars esxa samoseli v a r s k u l a v e d i, rameTu ege-

viTariTa mosil aried asulni SaravandedTani qalwulebasa Si-na T‚ssa (13,19) O. da moiGo Tamar nacari da gardaisxa Tavsa T‚ssa da samoseli igi v a r s k u l a v e d i daipo (13,20) O.

sulxan-saba orbeliani am sitKvis ganmartebisas aGniSnul konteqsts eKrdnoba: `varvarvarvarskuskuskuskulalalalavevevevedidididi ese ars samoseli mefeTa asulTa nemsurad nakeri oqromkediTa da misTanaTa ZA~.

il. abulaZis azriT, varvarvarvarskuskuskuskulalalalavevevevedi di di di `Gilebians~ niSnavs. mecnierisaTvis amgvari ganmartebis wKaro somxuri redaqcia unda iKos, sadac `samoseli varskulavedis~ SesatKvisia

պարեգօտ կոճկեն (paregot koyken) ̀ samoseli Gilebiani~.

ebraulSi Sesabamisi SesitKveba כתנת פסים (kətōnet pasīm) `yrel samosels~ aGniSnavs. Sdr.: berZn. χιτών ποικίλοσ (xiton po-

ikílos), laT. tunika polimita `kvarTi yreli, mravalferi~.

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amrigad, sitKva var var var varskuskuskuskulalalalavevevevedi di di di mefeTa || wignSi `yrelis~ mniSvnelobiT unda iKos naxmari, Tumca am derivatis msgavsi SinaarsiT gamoKenebis sxva SemTxveva ar dasturdeba.

S a lS a lS a lS a l v a g av a g av a g av a g a b e sb e sb e sb e s k ik ik ik i r i ar i ar i ar i a eTeTeTeTninininikur terkur terkur terkur termin min min min `̀̀̀yayayayaninininidandandandan~ ~ ~ ~ miGebumiGebumiGebumiGebuli ramli ramli ramli ramdedededeninininime same same same sakukukukuTaTaTaTa----ri sari sari sari saxexexexelis Selis Selis Selis Sesasasasaxebxebxebxeb

droTa ganmavlobaSi, termin `lazis~ mier Seviwroebuli satomo saxeli `yani~ Zvel qarTul werilobiT wKaroebSi `ya-ni~ da `yeni~ formebiTaa damowmebuli. am ukanasknels, ro-gorc somxuri wKaroebis `yens~, zogi mkvlevari gaumarTleb-lad Cinelad ganmartavs. Cveni azriT, `amirandareJanianis~ Ci-neTad gagebuli yenTa qveKana aris yaneTi.

moxsenebaSi gamoTqmulma zogierTma varaudma SeiZleba da-matebiTi magaliTebiT Seavsos is onomastikuri masala, rom-lisTvisac amosavali saxelia termini `yani~.

gvarsaxel JanberiZesa da JamberiZes safuZvlad Txzuli *yanberi (> Jamberi > Jumberi) unda edos. `gurJistanis vilaie-Tis did davTarSi~ `yani~ savaraudod mamakacis piris saxelia.

eTnonim `yanidan~ miGebul mjGer anlautian piris saxel Janasgan nawarmoebia JanaSia da JanaSvili. gansaxilveli saxeli unda Seicnobodes gvarebSi: JanuaSvili, JanikaSvili, JanukaSvi-li, JanuKaSvili.

13

g ig ig ig i o ro ro ro r g i g og i g og i g og i g o g og og og o l a Sl a Sl a Sl a S v iv iv iv i l il il il i sauGlesauGlesauGlesauGlebebebebeli fuli fuli fuli fuZis prinZis prinZis prinZis princicicicipi da mepi da mepi da mepi da mesasasasame seme seme seme seriariariaria

cnobili faqtia: sawarmoebeli fuZis mixedviT mwkrivTa daJgufebis wesi `n. marma danerga samecniero gramatikaSi da es misi udavo damsaxureba aris~ (arn. Ciqobava). isic aGiniSna, rom sawarmoebeli fuZis principis mixedviT Tu pirveli da me-ore seriis gamoKofa davas ar iwvevs, amas ver vitKviT mesame seriis mimarT. `TurmeobiTis Jgufs ar moepoveba saerTo fuZe, amosavlad rom gvqondes warmoebisas~ (arn. Ciqobava).

vfiqrobT, es debuleba Zveli qarTuli saliteraturo enis viTarebas sworad asaxavs; axal qarTul saliteraturo enaSi mdgomareoba sxvagvaria, zogi ram dasazustebelia.

mesame seriaSi formawarmoebis TvalsazrisiT sami Se-mTxveva gairCeva: moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebi, erTpiriani vnebiTi gvaris zmnebi da orpiriani vnebiTi gvaris zmnebi.

moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebSi Zvelsa da axal qarTuls So-ris principuli gansxvavebaa III seriis formaTa warmoebaSi:

Zvel qarTulSi I TurmeobiTi emKareba rTul Temas, II TurmeobiTi (da sxva mwkrivebi) _ martiv Temas: I Turm.: II Turm.: III kavS.:

aGmi-SSSS�n�n�n�n----ebebebeb-ies, aGme-S�nS�nS�nS�n-a, aGme-S�nS�nS�nS�n-os,

ganmi-gggg----ebebebeb-ies, ganme-gggg-o, ganme-gggg-os,

ganmi-tftftftf----obobobob-ies ganme-tftftftf-o ganme-tftftftf-os

axal qarTulSi III seriis Kvela mwkrivs saerTo saKrdeni fuZe aqvs, oGond erT nawils _ I seriis rTuli Tema, meore nawils _ II seriis martivi Tema. anu: erT SemTxvevaSi I Turme-obiTis saKrdeni fuZe ganzogadda, meore SemTxvevaSi _ II Tur-meobiTis saKrdeni fuZe: I Turm.: II Turm.: III kavS.:

ami-SenSenSenSen----ebebebeb-ia, ame-SenSenSenSen----ebebebeb-ina, ame-SenSenSenSen----ebebebeb-inos,

gami-gggg-ia, game-gggg-o, game-gggg-os,

gami-TbTbTbTb-ia game-TbTbTbTb-o game-TbTbTbTb-o-s

-avavavav da -amamamam TemisniSniani zmnebi swored meore rigis for-maTa kanonzomierebas daeqvemdebara: II TurmeobiTis forma ga-

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vrcelda I seriaSic: Zveli qarTuli:

I Turm.: II Turm.: III kavS.:

dami-malmalmalmal-avavavav-s dame-malmalmalmal-a dame-malmalmalmal-os

mi-TquTquTquTqu-amamamam-s me-TquTquTquTqu-a me-TqTqTqTquuuu-as

axali qarTuli: I Turm.: II Turm.: III kavS.:

dami-malmalmalmal-ia dame-malmalmalmal-a dame-malmalmalmal-os

mi-TqTqTqTqvvvv-ia me-TqTqTqTqvvvv-a me-TqTqTqTqvvvv-as

sagulisxmo faqtia is, rom sawarmoebeli fuZis gaerTfe-

rovneba xdeba TemisniSnian zmnebSi; xmovanmonacvle zmnebSi formobrivi cvlilebebi ar momxdara III seriaSi; Temis niSanTa sistemaSi momxdari cvalilebebi da es movlena, rogorc Cans, urTierTkavSirSia...

III seriis mwkrivebSi sawarmoebeli fuZis erTferovneba kidev ufro TvalSi sacemia vnebiTi gvaris zmnebSi. orpirian vnebiTebSi Zvelsa Tu axal qarTulSi es problema arc mdgara:

Zveli qarTuli axali qarTuli I Turm.: II Turm.: III kavS.:

davh-viwKviwKviwKviwK----ebebebeb-ie davh-viwKviwKviwKviwK----ebebebeb-ode davh-viwKviwKviwKviwK----ebebebeb-odi

dav-viwKviwKviwKviwK----ebebebeb-i-var dav-viwKviwKviwKviwK----ebebebeb-odi dav-viwKviwKviwKviwK----ebebebeb-ode

erTpirian vnebiTebSi am TvalsazrisiT saintereso cvli-

lebebi moxda: Zveli qarTuli axali qarTuli

I Turm.: II Turm.: III kavS.:

damalul var damalul viKav damalul viKo

da-v-mamamamalullullullul-var da-v-mamamamalullullullul-iKavi da-v-mamamamalullullullul-iKo

piris niSnis mimGeobis win, zmniswinis Semdeg, gadmotanam axali qarTulis formebi organul warmoebas dauaxlova; mimGeobas zmniswini CamoaSora da zmnuri formis elementad aqcia, uzmniswino mimGeobas mwkrivis saKrdeni fuZis statusi misca...

15

sabolood imis Tqma SeiZleba, rom III seriis mwkrivebSi faqtia sauGlebeli fuZis erTferovnebisaken midrekileba, `pa-radigmaTa gasworebis~ tendencia, Tumca es araa imgvari er-Tferovneba, I da II seriis mwkrivebSi rom gvaqvs. t at at at a r ir ir ir i e l g u re l g u re l g u re l g u r g eg eg eg e n in in in i Z eZ eZ eZ e qarqarqarqarTuTuTuTuli enis Cqali enis Cqali enis Cqali enis Cqamimimimier xSul Taner xSul Taner xSul Taner xSul TanxmoxmoxmoxmovanvanvanvanTa aGweTa aGweTa aGweTa aGweririririsasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis

nebismieri H simravlis elementebis erTdroulad ori niSniT (ki da kj niSnebiT) daxasiaTebis Sedegad gansaxilveli simravle daiKofa urTierTaragadamkveT oTx qvesimravled. Se-saZlebelia am qvesimravleebidan erT-erTi maTgani carieli simravle iKos. maSin H simravlis Kvela elementi Seva araca-riel sam qvesimravleSi.

swored es SemTxvevaa realizebuli qarTuli enis Cqamier (arasonor) xSul Tanxmovan fonemaTa daxasiaTebisas. mkvlevar-Ta didi nawili am miznisTvis sam niSans iKenebs: k1 _ mjGero-ba, k2 _ fSvinvieroba, k3 _ mkveTroba. erTdroulad am sami niSnis gamoKenebiT marTlac xdeba sami aracarieli qvesimrav-lis gamoKofa, magram amavdroulad gvaqvs xuTi ararealizebu-li SemTxveva, romlebic Seesabameba cariel simravles.

Tu am sami niSnidan mxolod ori maTganiT Semovifar-glebiT, gveqneba sami varianti: 1) k1 da k2; 2) k1 da k3; 3) k2

da k3. TiToeul am variantSi gvaqvs erTi ararealizebuli Se-mTxveva (anu, erTi carieli qvesimravle), rodesac ki da k j niS-nebidan orive maTgani erTdroulad + (dadebiTi) niSniT aris warmodgenili, rac aris logikuri funqciis _ koniunqciis uarKofa. amaTgan 2) da 3) variantebi ganxilulia sxvadasxva av-torTa mier. Teoriulad dasaSvebi 1) variantis Sesaxeb ki aravin ar msJelobs.

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Cven upiratesobas vaniyebT gansaxilveli simravlis ele-mentebis daxasiaTebas ori niSniT, vinaidan am SemTxvevaSi mxo-lod erTi aracarieli qvesimravle gamoiKofa.

T a m a rT a m a rT a m a rT a m a r v av av av a S aS aS aS a k ik ik ik i ZZZZ eeee, , , , TTTT i n ai n ai n ai n a G v iG v iG v iG v i n an an an a ZZZZ eeee, , , , S u q i aS u q i aS u q i aS u q i a a fa fa fa f r ir ir ir i d od od od o n in in in i Z e Z e Z e Z e

paronimul wKvilTa gamoKofis Teoriuli paronimul wKvilTa gamoKofis Teoriuli paronimul wKvilTa gamoKofis Teoriuli paronimul wKvilTa gamoKofis Teoriuli principebisaTvisprincipebisaTvisprincipebisaTvisprincipebisaTvis

1. paronimTa, rogorc bgerobrivad msgavs da mniSvnelo-biT gansxvavebul sitKvaTa, Sekreba-Seswavla Sepirobebulia, pirvel Kovlisa, pragmatuli sayiroebiT _ garegnuli msgavse-bis gamo maTi semantikuri aGrevis Tavidan asacileblad.

2. Kvelaze xSiri da tipobrivia ucxouri warmoSobis pa-ronimebi. mizezi gasagebia: nasesxebi leqsika ucnobi etimolo-giis gamo ufro bundovania (zogJer _ sruliad gaugebari) vidre mSobliuri. aseT ucxour paronimul wKvilTa popula-ruli nimuSebia: kamkamkamkampapapapanianianiania da komkomkomkompapapapanianianiania, adadadadrerereresasasasatitititi da adadadadrerereresansansansan----

titititi... gacilebiT metia sxva, naklebad cnobili masala. a) paronimTa erT-erTi aqtiuri wKaroa xalxuri xmareba

farTod gavrcelebuli daavadebebisa. gansakuTrebiT ireva er-Tnairi bgeraTkompleqsiT dawKebuli terminebi. mag., apenapenapenapendiqdiqdiqdiqsisisisi (brma nawlavis danamati; yianawlavi), rogorc wesi, ixmareba apenapenapenapendidididicicicicitis tis tis tis (apendiqsis anTebis) aGsaniSnavad. aseve erevaT ararararTriTriTriTrititititi (saxsrebis anTebiTi daavadeba) ararararTrozTrozTrozTrozSiSiSiSi (nivTiere-baTa cvlis darGveviT gamowveuli saxsrebis qronikuli daava-deba), prosprosprosprostatatatata ta ta ta (winamdebare Jirkvali) _ prosprosprosprostatatatatititititSitSitSitSi (prostatis anTeba) da sxv.

b) xSiria qimiuri terminebis aGrevis SemTxvevebic, gansa-kuTrebiT maSin, roca bgerobrivi sxvaoba minimaluria, mag., abababab----sorsorsorsorbenbenbenbentitititi (absorbciis, anu STanTqmis unaris mqone nivTiereba)

17

da adadadadsorsorsorsorbenbenbenbentitititi (sxeuli, romlis zedapirzedac xdeba adsor-bcia, anu gazis an siTxis STanTqma mKari nivTierebebis zedapi-ris mier), kokokokoaaaagugugugulanlanlanlantitititi (wKlis gasawmendad gamoKenebuli qimiu-ri nivTierebis saxelwodeba) da ko ko ko koaaaagugugugulalalalati ti ti ti (naleqi, romelic Cndeba koloiduri xsnaris koagulaciis Sedegad) da misT.

g) aseTi minimaluri bgerobrivi sxvaoba SeiZleba Se-gvxvdes sruliad `arateqnikur~ (humanitarul dargebSi gamoKenebul) sitKvebSic: konkonkonkonsosososonannannannansi si si si (keTilxmovaneba) da konkonkonkon----

sosososonannannannantitititi (Tanxmovani), kokokokomemememedidididianananantitititi (msaxiobi) da kokokokomedmedmedmediiiiogogogograrararafifififi (komediebis avtori) da sxv.

d) ucxour paronimTa erT rigs qmnis specialuri termi-nebisa da araspecialuri sitKvebis zedmiwevniTi msgavseba, mag. orororordidididinanananalulululuri ri ri ri (maTematikuri termini, ixmareba rigobiTi ri-cxvebis aGsaniSnavad _ kardinaluris sapirispirod) da orororordidididi----

nanananarurururulililili (Cveulebrivi). analogiuri nimuSebia: kokokokoninininieqeqeqeqtutututura ra ra ra

(teqstis damaxinJebuli adgilis aGdgena; Znelad wasakiTxi teqstis gaSifvra) da kokokokoninininiununununqtuqtuqtuqturararara (1. Seqmnili viTareba, si-tuacia; 2. sasaqonlo meurneobisaTvis damaxasiaTebel niSan-TvisebaTa erToblioba) da misT.

e) Zalian xSirad paronimebi nawarmoebi formebia (zedsar-Tavebia). maTi amosavali arsebiTi saxelebi ki amgvar wKvilebs ar warmoqmnian. mag., didididiaaaaleqleqleqleqtitititi da didididiaaaaleqleqleqleqtitititika ka ka ka erTmaneTSi ar ireva, magram maTgan nawarmoebi zedsarTavebi _ didididiaaaaleqleqleqleqtutututuriririri da didididiaaaaleqleqleqleqtitititikukukukuriririri _ araerTxel dadasturebula presis enaSi erTmaneTis monacvled. aseve ireva zedsarTavebi _ kokokokoreqreqreqreqtutututulililili (qceva, saubari) da kokokokoreqreqreqreqtutututururururulililili (Secdoma) da sxv.

3. paronimiis mizezi mxolod ucxouri leqsika rodia. qarTul enaSi aGrevis wKaro SeiZleba gaxdes rogorc saxeli, ise zmna, masdari, zmnisarTi... (maT Sesaxeb moxsenebaSi iqneba saubari).

garda iseTi cnobili paronimuli wKvilebisa, rogoricaa mcnemcnemcnemcnebabababa da cnecnecnecnebabababa, aGqmaaGqmaaGqmaaGqma da aGTqmaaGTqmaaGTqmaaGTqma, swoswoswosworadradradrad da swoswoswosworedredredred, ueueueuebabababariririri da uebuebuebuebrorororo, mogvianebiT warmoebulma kvlevam gamoavlina didZa-li axali masala da aGmoCnda, rom paronimuli erTeulebis

18

warmoqmnas xSirad safuZvlad udevs sitKvawarmoeba (maT Soris damatebiTi afiqsaciac): amoamoamoamowvdewvdewvdewvdeninininilililili da amoamoamoamowvdiwvdiwvdiwvdilililili, arKi arKi arKi arKi da arKaarKaarKaarKa, gangangangansazGvrasazGvrasazGvrasazGvra da gangangangansazGvresazGvresazGvresazGvrebabababa, ganwKoba ganwKoba ganwKoba ganwKoba da ganwKobiganwKobiganwKobiganwKobilelelelebabababa, TarTarTarTargmnagmnagmnagmna da TarTarTarTargmagmagmagmanininini, ma ma ma macxovcxovcxovcxovrerererebebebebelililili da mcxovmcxovmcxovmcxovrerererebibibibi, m m m meeeevavavavalelelele da momomomovavavavalelelele, momomomoTxovTxovTxovTxovnananana da momomomoTxovTxovTxovTxovninininilelelelebabababa, momomomosasasasalolololocicicici da momomomosasasasalolololocacacaca----

vivivivi, mo mo mo mosarsarsarsarCeCeCeCelelelele da momomomosarsarsarsarCleCleCleCle, mo mo mo moswavswavswavswavle le le le da momomomowawawawafefefefe, mramramramravalvalvalvalmniSmniSmniSmniS----

vnevnevnevnelolololobibibibiaaaanininini da mramramramravalvalvalvalmniSmniSmniSmniSvnevnevnevnelolololovavavavanininini, mwer mwer mwer mwerlolololoba ba ba ba da dadadadamwermwermwermwerlolololo----

babababa, nanananaaaaababababanonononoeeeebibibibi da nanananaaaaababababanonononoeeeevivivivi, nanananavaxvaxvaxvaxSmeSmeSmeSmebibibibi da nanananavaxvaxvaxvaxSmeSmeSmeSmevivivivi (nanananavaxvaxvaxvax----

SmevsSmevsSmevsSmevs), na na na naoooopepepeperarararacicicicieeeebibibibi da naoperacievinaoperacievinaoperacievinaoperacievi, rvarvarvarvamarmarmarmarcvlicvlicvlicvliaaaanininini da rvarvarvarva----

marmarmarmarcvlocvlocvlocvlovavavavanininini, sa sa sa sagigigigiraoraoraorao da sasasasagigigigiravravravravnononono, sa sa sa sakbikbikbikbile le le le da sasasasakbikbikbikbilolololo, sa sa sa sa----

mamamamamumumumulelelele da sasasasamamamamamumumumulolololo, sasasasamwermwermwermwerlo lo lo lo da sasasasamwermwermwermwerlolololobobobobo, sa sa sa sarZerZerZerZeveveveve da sasasasarZerZerZerZeoooo, sa sa sa saswavswavswavswavli li li li da sasasasaswavswavswavswavlolololo, sasasasaSuSuSuSuriririri da SeSeSeSesasasasaSuSuSuSuriririri, sasasasacocococolelelele da sasasasacocococololololo, sasasasahahahahaeeeerererere da sasasasahahahahaeeeerorororo, swavswavswavswavlalalala da swavswavswavswavlelelelebabababa, SeSeSeSedgedgedgedgenininini----

lolololobabababa da SeSeSeSemadmadmadmadgengengengenlolololobabababa, wKobawKobawKobawKoba da wKobiwKobiwKobiwKobilelelelebabababa da mravali sxva. 4. paronimTa garkveul wKebas qmnis msgavsi struqturisa

da warmoebis zmnebi: acacacacvamsvamsvamsvams (Jvars) da acacacacmevsmevsmevsmevs (kabas), asasasasvamsvamsvamsvams (daGs) da asasasasmevsmevsmevsmevs (Cais), aCensaCensaCensaCens (saxes) da aCaCaCaCnevsnevsnevsnevs (kvals)..., agreT-ve, zog SemTxvevaSi, _ mesame iribi obieqturi piris niSnis gamotoveba: CaCaCaCadisdisdisdis (kibeze) da sCasCasCasCadis dis dis dis (danaSauls), gadagadagadagadadebsdebsdebsdebs (saqmes) da gadagadagadagadasdebssdebssdebssdebs (grips), gadagadagadagadadisdisdisdis (quCaze) da gadagadagadagadasdissdissdissdis (Tavze), yirs yirs yirs yirs (muSaoba) da syirs syirs syirs syirs (surdo), momomomodgams dgams dgams dgams (fexs) da momomomosdgamssdgamssdgamssdgams (mama-papidan) da sxv. aGniSnuli tipis SemTxvevebi mniSvnelovania ara mxolod piris niSanTa marTlweris gamo, aramed leqsikur-semantikuri TvalsazrisiTac.

5. specifikuria damxmare sitKvebis, gansakuTrebiT, kavSi-rebisa da Tandebulebis aGrevis SemTxvevebic: erTmaneTSi ire-va mizezisa da miznis kavSirebi: imiimiimiimitomtomtomtom (// imis gamoimis gamoimis gamoimis gamo) da imisimisimisimis----

TvisTvisTvisTvis, rad rad rad radgangangangan da rarararaTaTaTaTa; zogJer ki kavSirTa aGrevis safuZvelia erT-erTi maTganis arqaulobiT gamowveuli gauTviTcnobiereb-loba. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs rarararaTaTaTaTa-s metoqeoba ZvelqarTul rarararamemememe----TuTuTuTu kavSirTan. aGreva SeimCneva zogi calke mdgomi Tandebulis SemTxvevaSic, mag., wiwiwiwinaaGmdeg naaGmdeg naaGmdeg naaGmdeg Tandebulis nacvlad ixmareba wiwiwiwinanananaSeSeSeSe (saqme aGZra sakuTari Zmis winaSe).

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6. paronimebis xmarebisas aGreva umetesad calmxrivia: er-Ti maTgani ixmareba meoris adgilas, magram ara piruku. ufro iSviaTia SemTxvevebi, roca metKvelebaSi orive SeiZleba erTma-neTs Caenacvlos. aGsaniSnavia, rom dadasturda samwevrovani paronimebi, mag., okuokuokuokulalalalari ri ri ri _ okuokuokuokulislislislistitititi _ okuokuokuokulanlanlanlanti ti ti ti da misT.

q e T e v a n m a r g i a n iq e T e v a n m a r g i a n iq e T e v a n m a r g i a n iq e T e v a n m a r g i a n i ---- s u b a r is u b a r is u b a r is u b a r i upreverbo gardamavali da medioaqtiuriupreverbo gardamavali da medioaqtiuriupreverbo gardamavali da medioaqtiuriupreverbo gardamavali da medioaqtiuri zmnebis zogierT formaTa kvalifikaciisaTviszmnebis zogierT formaTa kvalifikaciisaTviszmnebis zogierT formaTa kvalifikaciisaTviszmnebis zogierT formaTa kvalifikaciisaTvis svanur enaSisvanur enaSisvanur enaSisvanur enaSi

svanur enaSi dasturdeba zmnaTa formebi, romlebic uG-lebis sistemaSi dGemde cnobil mwkrivTa (dro-kiloTa) Soris ar aris dafiqsirebuli.

aGniSnuli monacemebi aqtiuri zmnebia, sinTezuri warmoe-bisaa da perfeqtulia: gadmogvcems warsulSi sasasasavavavavararararauuuudodododo, , , , dadadadauuuu----

zuszuszuszustetetetebebebebelililili, , , , pipipipirorororobibibibiTadTadTadTad Sesrulebuli moqmedebis statikur Sedegs awmKo-mKofadSi (xŠmixŠmixŠmixŠmi _ àlbaT uyamia mas is~, xexexexegigigigi àlbaT uSenebia mas is~) an warsulSive (xŠmŒlxŠmŒlxŠmŒlxŠmŒl (bz.), xexexexemi…mi…mi…mi… (bq.) _ àlbaT eyama mas is~, xexexexegolgolgolgol _ bz., xexexexegi…gi…gi…gi… _ bq. ìqneb eSenebina mas is~).

es formebi polisemiuria (Sdr. prefiqsiani vnebiTi, awmKo: xedgxedgxedgxedg„riririri ùkvdeba is mas~, xedxedxedxedgarŒlgarŒlgarŒlgarŒl{{{{dadadada}}}}/xedgxedgxedgxedg„ri…ri…ri…ri… ùkvdeboda is mas~; statikuri vnebiTi, mKofadusruli: xextxextxextxext„…i…i…i…i èxateba is mas, misTvis iqneba daxatuli~, xexxexxexxexta…Œlta…Œlta…Œlta…Œl/xextxextxextxext„…i……i……i……i… èxate-boda is mas, misTvis iqneboda daxatuli~) da SesaZlebelia ma-Ti CrdilSi darCenis (SeumCnevlobis) mizezic es iKos, Tumca zogierT fuZemonacvle zmnaSi: osx…riosx…riosx…riosx…ri `mivdivar, mival~ _ mizmizmizmiznananana `{wa}vsulvar, mivlia~; mimimimiCdaCdaCdaCda `vKofilvar~ (ufro zus-tad: `mimKofia~; am zmnas mxolod ||| seriis, inversiuli forme-bi moepoveba) omonimiis faqtori aGar arsebobs; am fuZeTagan

20

| seriis formebi saerTod ar iwarmoeba, amave dros Zalian bu-nebrivad aigeba CvenTvis saintereso leqsemebi: xezxezxezxeznininini àlbaT wasula (iqneb, netav, rom, nuTu, Tu...)~; `ninininiko eko eko eko eJg…Jg…Jg…Jg…„r mer mer mer me----

zelzelzelzel„l mal mal mal mare lire lire lire li, , , , ere ameere ameere ameere ameririririkakakakaTeTeTeTeÓ qa xezqa xezqa xezqa xeznininini...~ _ `niko iseTi mo-siarule kacia, rom amerikaSic wawawawasusususula alla alla alla albaTbaTbaTbaT~; xeznŒlxeznŒlxeznŒlxeznŒl/xezxezxezxezni…ni…ni…ni… `wasuliKo iqneb...~: ameameameameririririkakakakaTeTeTeTeÓ qa xeznŒl niqa xeznŒl niqa xeznŒl niqa xeznŒl nikoskoskoskos, , , , alas m‰m alas m‰m alas m‰m alas m‰m

onGelonGelonGelonGeldddd„ssss! ! ! ! àmarikaSic Tu iKo waTu iKo waTu iKo waTu iKo wasusususulililili niko, amas ar velodi!~ asevea bunebis movlenebis aGmniSvnel zmnaTa formebSic: SduSduSduSdu{{{{…………}}}}eeee `Tovs~ _ xeSxeSxeSxeSdudududu{{{{…………}}}}iiii ùTovia albaT~; xeSd…ŒlxeSd…ŒlxeSd…ŒlxeSd…Œl (bz.), xeSxeSxeSxeSddddui…ui…ui…ui… (bq.) èTova albaT (iqneb...)~. msgavsi semantikis zmneb-Si ufro gamokveTilia moqmedebis diuratiuloba da gamori-cxulia momentobrioba. cnobil mosazrebaTa mixedviT, `||| se-riaSi Koveli zmna an vnebiTis saxeobas warmogvidgens, an saSu-alo-vnebiTisas Tu saSualosas~ (arn. Ciqobava), ìninininverververversisisisiis sais sais sais sa----fuZfuZfuZfuZvelvelvelvelze xdeze xdeze xdeze xdeba Seba Seba Seba SesaZsaZsaZsaZlelelelebebebebeli am forli am forli am forli am formamamamaTa moTa moTa moTa moqceqceqceqceva gardava gardava gardava gardamamamamavavavava----li zmnis uGleli zmnis uGleli zmnis uGleli zmnis uGlebis pabis pabis pabis pararararadigdigdigdigmaSimaSimaSimaSi, , , , mxomxomxomxolod selod selod selod semanmanmanmantitititikukukukuri gadari gadari gadari gadaazazazaz----ririririaaaaneneneneba iZba iZba iZba iZleleleleva ava ava ava amis Semis Semis Semis SesaZsaZsaZsaZlebleblebleblolololobasbasbasbas~ (b. JorbenaZe).

saanalizo monacemebi statikur zmnaTa mKofadusrulis (| forma) da pirobiTusrulis (|| forma) ara mxolod models imeoreben, aramed, Cveni azriT, maTive inversiaqmnili formebia, vinaidan semantikac migvaniSnebs aGniSnul mwkrivebTan maTs mi-marTebaze: epistimikuroba (moqmedebis ganxorcielebis damaJe-reblobis, erTgvari pirobiToba), romliTac svanuri mKofa-dusruli xasiaTdeba, am formebisTvisac niSandoblivia; Sdr. x…am‰rx…am‰rx…am‰rx…am‰r----unununun----iiii (bz.), x…imax…imax…imax…imarurururunininini (bq.) `vamzadebde iqneba~ _ mem’rimem’rimem’rimem’ri/memmemmemmem„riririri ìqneb mimzadebia~, memmemmemmem„rŒlrŒlrŒlrŒl/memmemmemmem„ri…ri…ri…ri… ìqneb memza-debina~ (meore mxriv, am zmnaTa semantikac da formac Zalian mogvagonebs Zveli qarTulis ||| xolmeobiTs: eTeeTeeTeeTesissississis _ xel’Sixel’Sixel’Sixel’Si, evevevevnis nis nis nis _ xemxemxemxem„…ini…ini…ini…ini (Sdr.: `...misgan, romromromromelelelelsa ara evsa ara evsa ara evsa ara evnis minis minis minis misdasdasdasda, piri gare miiqcis~ _ ...es…a mies…a mies…a mies…a miCeCeCeCeSad maSad maSad maSad mamag…eS xemmag…eS xemmag…eS xemmag…eS xem„…ini……ini……ini……ini…, eCxen-qa niC…„rs g„nTe iCmud (bq.), aseve xevsurul dialeqtSi dadas-turebul (a. yinyarauli, a. arabuli) formebs: eTeTeTeTqvisqvisqvisqvis,,,, eubeubeubeubnisnisnisnis, , , , eCoeCoeCoeColalalalagisgisgisgis, , , , ekekekekvevevevexixixixinisnisnisnis, , , , eyaeyaeyaeyamismismismis, , , , memememeZaZaZaZaxixixixininininianananan............).

aGniSnuli formebi moepoveba Kvela relatiur gardamaval

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da brunvacvalebadsubieqtian absolutur zmnas. es zmnebi calsaxad inversiulia da maTi realuri subieqti | seriaSi mu-dam nominatiur, || seriaSi ki ergatiul konstruqcias qmnis. saanalizo formaTa perfeqtuloba gamoxatulia warsulSi Se-srulebuli moqmedebis statikuri SedegiT awmKoSi (| forma) an warsulSive (|| forma), Sesabamisad es formebi | da || Sede-gobiTs (resp. TurmeobiTi, rezultatiuri) ekedleba, magram maTgan semantikur gansxvavebas ganapirobebs epistimikuroba: warsulSi Sersulebuli moqmedeba an misi statikuri Sedegi mTqmelisTvis savaraudoa, dauzustebelia: si …oSasi …oSasi …oSasi …oSamin Jezmin Jezmin Jezmin Jezni ni ni ni

ƒalƒalƒalƒaldedededeTeTeTeTe????............ _ `Sen sasasasavavavavararararauuuudoddoddoddod, , , , ramramramramdendendendenJer asulJer asulJer asulJer asulxarxarxarxar (iqnebi asuli) xaldeSi?~; oSa loSa loSa loSa l„Ór xey…d‰nŒl isr xey…d‰nŒl isr xey…d‰nŒl isr xey…d‰nŒl isgu musgu musgu musgu mus???? _ `ramdeni wigni eqneboda wawawawakikikikiTxuTxuTxuTxuli neli neli neli netavtavtavtav (Seni azriT, savaraudod...) mamaSens?~

Cveni azriT, aGniSnul formebs mwkrivTa kvalifikacia un-da mieceT da, zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, aqtiur zmnaTa paradigmis ||| seriaSi ganlagdnen; terminologiuri saxeldebis TvalsazrisiT ki, maT, vfiqrobT, pirobiT-SedegobiTi | da pi-robiT-SedegobiTi || Seesabameba.

n a n a m a y a v a r i a n in a n a m a y a v a r i a n in a n a m a y a v a r i a n in a n a m a y a v a r i a n i umdablesi xerxemlianebis afxazuri saxelwodebebis umdablesi xerxemlianebis afxazuri saxelwodebebis umdablesi xerxemlianebis afxazuri saxelwodebebis umdablesi xerxemlianebis afxazuri saxelwodebebis semantikursemantikursemantikursemantikur----struqturustruqturustruqturustruqturuli analizili analizili analizili analizi

enobriv erTobebs erTimeorisagan ganasxvavebs aGsaniSnsa

da aGmniSvnels Soris sxvadasxvagvari damokidebuleba. sxvadasxva enaSi sxvadasxvagvaradaa asaxuli obieqturi si-

namdvile: sivrce, bunebis movlenebi, mcenareTa Tu cxovelTa samKaro.

enis leqsikis ama Tu im ubanSi ukufenilia enobrivi er-Tobis Kofis sxvadasxvaoba, rac gansazGvravs swored im Tavise-

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burebebs, romlebic sxvadasxva enis leqsikuri fondis Sinagan danawevrebaSi SeimCneva.

afxazuri enis ZiriTad leqsikur fondSi gamoiKofa umdab-lesi xerxemlianebis _ qvewarmavalTa, Tevzebisa da amfibiebis aGmniSvneli saxelwodebebi.

• qvewarmavalTa saxelebi:

ainc°¥S´ // ainw°¥S´, `xvliki~, akuua `ku~, amaT, aSTanw°H

(tap.) `gveli~. • Tevzebis saxelebi:

afs¥Z, akalmah // akamlah (bzif.) `Tevzi~, agulSap `gveleSa-pi~, alaxH `Tavbera~, amaTfsHZ `gvelTevza~, amS´Hnh°a `zGvis

Gori~, apKaS´ `kobri~, aj°HnTx~ `zuTxi~, aulagur // aolagur

òraguli~, afsHZssa `yiyKina~, aGlam `Glavi~, aS°iaK // aS°eiK~a `kambala~, awHx°S°Hgu (bzif.) `stavrida~, gHcafS `xonTqara~.

• amfibiebis saxelebi: adaG~ `baKaKi~, adaj° `gombeSo~, aCaAradaG~ `mosavlis

baKaKi, vasaka~. moxsenebaSi mocemulia CamoTvlil leqsemaTa semantikur-

struqturuli analizi, gamoKofilia nasesxebi leqsikuri masala.

k ok ok ok o b a m ib a m ib a m ib a m i T a gT a gT a gT a g v av av av a r i ar i ar i ar i a Txzuli saxelebis warmoebis modelebiTxzuli saxelebis warmoebis modelebiTxzuli saxelebis warmoebis modelebiTxzuli saxelebis warmoebis modelebi adiGeur enaSiadiGeur enaSiadiGeur enaSiadiGeur enaSi

adiGeur enaSi Sedgenili (rTuli) saxelebi agebulebis mi-xedviT SeiZleba Semdegi modelebis mixedviT davaJgufoT:

a) ararararsesesesebibibibiTi saTi saTi saTi saxexexexelililili + + + + ararararsesesesebibibibiTi saTi saTi saTi saxexexexelililili am tipis kompozitebi warmoadgens atributul saxelur

kompleqsebs, romlebSic pirveli arsebiTi saxeli msazGvrelis funqcias asrulebs: mag., ««««ˆ̂̂̂----wwww–––– `kacis saxeli~ (««««ˆ̂̂̂ `kaci~ + wwww––––

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`saxeli~); Óanananan––––----SSSS ´́́́ `biZa~ (zedmiw. `deda-Zma~); aTaTaTaT––––----SSSS ´́́́ˆfxˆfxˆfxˆfx°°°° `mamida~ (zedmiw. `mama-da~).

semantikuri TvalsazrisiT am tipis rTuli sitKvebi SeiZ-leba iKos idiomaturi da araidiomaturi: Sdr. Tha…maTha…maTha…maTha…ma†††† `kvi-ra~ (zedmiw. `GvTis dGe~) da anananan––––SSSS ´́́́ˆfxˆfxˆfxˆfx°°°° `deida~ (zedmiw. `deda-da~).

kompozitebis warmoebis es modeli Kvelaze produqtiu-lia.

b) ararararsesesesebibibibiTi saTi saTi saTi saxexexexelililili + + + + zedzedzedzedsarsarsarsarTaTaTaTavi vi vi vi sasasasaxexexexelililili

am tipis sitKvawarmoebaSi Kvelaze xSirad gamoiKeneba zzzz¶¶¶¶ˆ̂̂̂ `Zveli~ da yyyy–––– àxali~, mag., TTTT––––TTTT––––----zzzz¶¶¶¶ `babua~ (zedmiw. `Zveli, mo-xuci mama~, TTTT––––TTTT `mama~ + z¶ `Zveli~, `moxuci~); ««««ˆxˆxˆxˆx°°°°ˆfxˆfxˆfxˆfx `KoCaGi~ (««««ˆ̂̂̂ `kaci~ + xxxx°°°°ˆfxˆfxˆfxˆfx `KoCaGi~).

am tipis kompozitebSi meore komponentad gamoKenebisas sa-kmaod produqtiulia, agreTve sitKva ssss¶¶¶¶°°°°ˆ̂̂̂ `kargi~: mag., nasˆfˆnasˆfˆnasˆfˆnasˆfˆ¬¶¬¶¬¶¬¶°°°° `bednieri~ (nasˆfnasˆfnasˆfnasˆf `bedi~, `xvedri~ + ¬¶¬¶¬¶¬¶°°°°ˆ̂̂̂ `kargi~) ˆ̂̂̂- daboloeba ikveceba.

g) zedzedzedzedsarsarsarsarTaTaTaTavi savi savi savi saxexexexelililili + + + + ararararsesesesebibibibiTi saTi saTi saTi saxexexexelililili am tipis sitKvawarmoebis modeli sakmaod gavrcelebulia.

amgvarad aris nawarmoebi zogi toponimi, agreTve, gvarebi da saxelebi.

mag., daxdaxdaxdax¶¶¶¶––––fsˆnfsˆnfsˆnfsˆn–––– (sofeli) (dddd––––xxxx¶¶¶¶–––– `lamazi~ + fsˆnfsˆnfsˆnfsˆn–––– `wKaro~); am meTodiT nawarmoeb saxelTa raodenoba SezGudulia.

d) zedzedzedzedsarsarsarsarTavi saTavi saTavi saTavi saxexexexelililili + + + + zedzedzedzedsarsarsarsarTaTaTaTavi savi savi savi saxexexexelililili aseT kompozitebSi pirveli komponenti azustebs meores

mniSvnelobas. am Jgufis rTul sitKvebSic meore komponentad xSirad gvevlineba zzzz¶¶¶¶ `Zveli~: mag., adiG. Óˆnˆzˆnˆzˆnˆzˆnˆz¶¶¶¶ `goliaTi~ (Óˆnˆnˆnˆn `didi~ + zzzz¶¶¶¶ `Zveli~, ̀ beberi~).

e) ararararsesesesebibibibiTi saTi saTi saTi saxexexexelililili + + + + riririricxvicxvicxvicxviTi saTi saTi saTi saxexexexelililili am tipis kompleqsi bevri ar aris: mag., bzbzbzbz¶¶¶¶abababab–––– ìremi~ (bzbzbzbz¶¶¶¶––––

`rqa~ + bbbb–––– `bevri~); mmmm––––zzzz––––nˆƒnˆƒnˆƒnˆƒ°°°°–––– `naxevarmTvare~ (mazmazmazmaz–––– `mTvare~ + nˆƒnˆƒnˆƒnˆƒ°°°°–––– `naxevari~).

24

n i k o l o zn i k o l o zn i k o l o zn i k o l o z o T i n a S v i l io T i n a S v i l io T i n a S v i l io T i n a S v i l i

frones xeobaSi gansaxlebuli frones xeobaSi gansaxlebuli frones xeobaSi gansaxlebuli frones xeobaSi gansaxlebuli gvarebis warmomavloba da lokalizaciagvarebis warmomavloba da lokalizaciagvarebis warmomavloba da lokalizaciagvarebis warmomavloba da lokalizacia

frones xeoba istoriulad qarTlisa da imereTis gzaga-

sayarze mdebareobda. vaxuSti batoniSvilis àRweriT~: xolo

vertyvilisa da amaSukeTs Sua ars mcire mTa misruli koleu-

ris mTamde da es aris sazRvari qarTl-imerTa awindeli~. ase-

Ti dayofa SeiZleba pirobiTi iyos, radgan lixis qedis aRmo-

savleTiT qarTlSi imereli mosaxleoba saukuneebia cxovrobs.

amisi dasturia `1715 wlis ruisis saepiskoposos davTari~, is-

toriuli dokumentebi da Cawerili masalebi. mxare ZiriTadad

Zlieri feodalebis _ abaSiZeebisa da wereTlebis _ sakuTre-

ba iyo.

saanalizod aRebuli gvaqvs ZiriTadad qarTlis dasavle-

Ti mxaris froneebis mcire xeobebi, sadac imerlebi cxovrob-

dnen. maTi gvarebia: tyemalaZe, kapanaZe, kilaZe, maWaraSvili, sa-

mxaraZe, SavaZe... aseve eTnikuri da geografiuli saxelebidan

momdinare eTnonimuri gvarebi, magaliTad: Rebeli, megreli,

imereli, laSxi.

m e r a b r o b a q i Z em e r a b r o b a q i Z em e r a b r o b a q i Z em e r a b r o b a q i Z e erTi iSviaTi sityvis SesaxeberTi iSviaTi sityvis SesaxeberTi iSviaTi sityvis SesaxeberTi iSviaTi sityvis Sesaxeb `̀̀̀vefxistyaosanSivefxistyaosanSivefxistyaosanSivefxistyaosanSi~~~~

1. `vefxistyaosanSi~ samjer gvxvdeba `tereba~. am sityvis

warmomavlobis Sesaxeb azrTa sxvadasxvaoba arsebobs. Cven sa-

gangebod SevCerdebiT masze. miviCnevT, rom Tavisi SinaarsiT es

sityva anTropologiuri Sinaarsisaa, kerZod, pirovnebis mamoZ-

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ravebel ZalTa moqmedebas gamosaxavs da, rogorc aseTi, sagan-

gebo ganmartebas moiTxovs.

2. erT SemTxvevaSi nestanis ZebniT xelmocaruli tarieli

eubneba asmaTs da Tavis or monas: àw wadiT da me damagdeT,

eteeteeteeterererereniTniTniTniT TavTa TquenTa~. isini miugeben: ùSenosa numca vna-

xavT nu patpatpatpatronronronronsasasasa, nu ufalufalufalufalsasasasa~. am sityvis axsna tarielis

mxleblebis pasuxSive Cans. a. SaniZis mier es adgili ganmarte-

bulia ase: ùpatroneT Tqvens Tavsa~. meore SemTxvevaSi nesta-

ni swers tariels: `fatman wamgvara grZneulTa, RmerTimca mas

eteeteeteetererererebisbisbisbis~~~~, anu RmerTimc upatronebs (= uSvelis) fatmans, ro-

melmac Cemi Tavi grZneulebs gamostacao. dabolos, avTandili

fridons uwunebs qajeTis cixis aRebis gegmas, roca eubneba:

ège TaTbiri ar varga, sxvaebr vqmnaT Tavis tetetetererererebabababa~. . . . am Se-mTxvevaSic a. SaniZe `Tavis terebas~ ganmartavs rogorc patro-

nobas. maSasadame, erT SemTxvevaSi RmerTi eteeteeteetererererebabababa adamians,

or SemTxevaSi ki Tavis Tavs eteeteeteetererererebabababa adamiani. samive SemTxveva-

Si saxezea `patronobis~, `/da/uflebis~, `Svelis~ semantikuri

xazi.

3. pirvel SemTxvevaSi `patroni~, ùfali~, rogorc teteteterererere----

bisbisbisbis ganmarteba momdevno strofSi gveZleva. meore SemTxvevaSi

`patronobis~ (= Svelis) Sinaarsi konteqstiTve igulisxmeba.

mesame SemTxvevac asevea gagebuli.

4. mesame SemTxvevaSi `̀̀̀TaTaTaTavis tevis tevis tevis tererererebabababa~~~~ garkveul ganmartebas

moiTxovs. es Sesityveba struqturuladac da semantikuradac

srul Sesatyviss poulobs iseT cnebasTan, rogoricaa `̀̀̀TaTaTaTavis vis vis vis

ufufufuflelelelebabababa~~~~,,,, radgan `tetetetererererebabababa~ da ùfufufuflelelelebabababa~, rogorc poemis saTa-

nado strofebis analizi gviCvenebs, mniSvnelobiT erTmaneTs

faraven. `sxvaebr Tavis tetetetererererebabababa~ am SemTxvevaSi niSnavs sxva

gadawyvetilebis miRebas. aseTi gaazreba saSualebas gvaZlevs

davaskvnaT, rom am SemTxvevaSi `Tavis tereba~ pirovnebis mTli-

anobis /sisrulis/ Semcveli sityvaa, Semcvelia Tavis flobis

(= patronobis, TaTaTaTavis ufvis ufvis ufvis uflelelelebisbisbisbis) semantikisa, im ideisa, roca

adamians SeuZlia swori gadawyvetilebis miReba, WeSmaritebas-

Tan ziareba. maSasadame, avTandilis naTqvami: `sxvasxvasxvasxvaebr vqmnaT ebr vqmnaT ebr vqmnaT ebr vqmnaT

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TaTaTaTavis tevis tevis tevis tererererebabababa~~~~ niSnavs sxvagvarad `gamovarCioT~, sxva gadawyve-

tileba miviRoT. a. SaniZis mier am Sesityvebis ganmarteba ,,Ta-

vis patronobis~ mniSvnelobiT swored ase unda gaviazroT,

radgan saWiro xdeba imis ganmarteba, Tu ra igulisxmeba `pat-

ronobaSi~.

5. sayuradReboa, rom `̀̀̀tetetetererererebabababa~~~~ rusTavelamde qarTuli

literaturis ZeglebSi ar dasturdeba. am sityvis etimologi-

is Sesaxeb sxvadasxva Tvalsazrisi arsebobs. n. mari mas `vefxis-

tyaosanSi~ somxuri warmomavlobis sityvad miiCnevs (somx.

`̀̀̀terterterter~~~~ niSnavs `ufals~, `patrons~). rogorc Cans, amave Tval-

sazrisze dgas a.SaniZe, roca tetetetererererebasbasbasbas ganmartavs rogorc `pat-

ronobas~, Tumca warmomavlobaze arafers ambobs. rusTvelo-

logiur literaturaSi mowodebulia sxva Sexedulebebic.

`̀̀̀tetetetererererebbbb~~~~ rusTavelis mibaZviT araerTxel gvxvdeba aRorZinebis

xanis qarTul mwerlobaSi, aqve dasturdeba `̀̀̀terterterter~~~~, romelsac

`vefxistyaosanSi~ ver vxvdebiT. SesaZlebelia poemis konteq-

sturi analizi adasturebdes n. maris Sexedulebas am sityvis

warmomavlobis Sesaxeb. aseTi daskvnis warmodgena unda aZlie-

rebdes Tvalsazriss rusTavelis, rogorc `mesxi meleqsis~ Se-

saxeb. amave Tvalsazriss aZlierebs somxuri warmomavlobis

`̀̀̀tatatatanu ternu ternu ternu ter~~~~(= mamasaxlisi) kompoziti bagrat meoTxis XI s-is

sabuTSi. miviCnevT, rom `tereba~ sityvis warmomomavlobis Se-

swavla ufro gaRrmavebul Seswavlas moiTxovs.

mmmm u r m a nu r m a nu r m a nu r m a n s u x i S v i l is u x i S v i l is u x i S v i l is u x i S v i l i erTi safeiqro terminis SesaxeberTi safeiqro terminis SesaxeberTi safeiqro terminis SesaxeberTi safeiqro terminis Sesaxeb qarTveluqarTveluqarTveluqarTvelur enebSir enebSir enebSir enebSi

qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi (t. VII, 1962) SuSuSuSu----

loslosloslos (`or xelze an wyrTaze amokecili Zafis kona~) sailus-

traciod damowmebuli xalxuri leqsi _ daiCoqa feiqarma,

27

Camoyara cxare cremli: vai deda-Cemis mzesa, S ulo s wavapare

xeli _ xelosnis mier profesiuli eTikis darRveviT (`Sulos

wavapare xeli~) gamowveul monaniebas gvimxels da CvenSi am

profesiis did da myar tradiciebs gulisxmobs.

`Sinamrewvelobis~ masalebis mixedviT termini SuloSuloSuloSulo

(saxeluri da zmnuri formiT) TiTqmis mTel saqarTveloSi

Cans gavrcelebuli (kaxeTi, qarTli, imereTi, raWa, mesxeTi,

erwo-TianeTi, saingilo) rogorc saxeluri, aseve zmnuri

formiT da sinonimebic uCans. Signi kaxeTi: `damaxul bawars,

romelic gorgalze gvaqvs daxveuli, d a v a S u l o v e b T da

memre vRebavT. S u l o e b s xifebsac eZaxian~ (masalebi, 1982,

30), `gorgals d a v a S u l a v e b T, mere S u l o e b s SevRe-

bavT, sxvadasxva-frad~ (masalebi, 121), z. imereTi: `qulaze rom

patara bambas mowyveten, mere rTaven, mere momuxaven, e.i.

daawyoben Zafebs S u l o e b i s gasakeTeblad, mere daaxveven

S u l o e b s~ (masalebi, 164), qv. raWa: `cands (S u l o s a c

uwodeben) daqselili Zafia...~ (masalebi, 190), z. raWa: `bambi

Zafze gvriWas ar vityviT, imas S u l o s veZaxiT~ (masalebi,

190)...

SuSuSuSulolololo Zvel qarTulSi ar Cans. dadasturebulia `sityvis

konaSi~: SuSuSuSulolololo _ nasTis bokeli, n. da d. CubinaSvilebi sabas

ganmartebas imeoreben.

dialeqtebidan yuradRebas iqcevs z. imerulis SviSviSviSvilolololo, SuSuSuSu----

lolololo, samuxvelze... exveoda Zafi S v i l o T da mas amoavlebdnen

fqvilis fafaSi, aRar wydeboda saqsovSi... d a S v i l o -

e b u l i S u l o e b a d daxveuli Zafi. erT girmaqa bambas

gaatanda: saxSi meitane d a S v i l o e b u l i o (ZoweniZe,

1974), qiziyurSi dasturdeba derivaciuli saSulavesaSulavesaSulavesaSulave||SaSuSaSuSaSuSaSu----

lave lave lave lave _ safeiqroSi S u l o d, ƒifis amosaxvevi iaraRi... (Sdr.,

SuloSuloSuloSulo _ erTi gabma Zafi) (menTeSaSvili, 1948)... Sdr. qv. imer.

saSviloesaSviloesaSviloesaSviloe (masalebi, 165), saSvilao saSvilao saSvilao saSvilao (masalebi, 161, 165) da

sxv.

qvemo imerulSi dadasturebulia SoloSoloSoloSolo, Sola Sola Sola Sola variante-

bic: `mermed Sig CavdebdiT S o l o s abreSums an materias~,

28

S o l a s veZaxodiT bambiT dastuls~ (masalebi, 186; 180).

SolaSolaSolaSola gvaqvs javaxurSic: `gacveTili qalamnis Casafeni naWeri~

(martirosovi, 1984).

qarT. SulSulSulSul-||SvilSvilSvilSvil- fuZis Sesatyvisi unda iyos megr.

SqvilSqvilSqvilSqvil-, SqvilaSqvilaSqvilaSqvila||Sqvilua ZafiSqvilua ZafiSqvilua ZafiSqvilua Zafi (SqvilaSqvilaSqvilaSqvila||Sqvilua ZafisSqvilua ZafisSqvilua ZafisSqvilua Zafis) erTi

amoqna (amoreba) Zafi... SqvilerSqvilerSqvilerSqviler-i _ dapentili. Tena miSuxena

seriT S q v i l e r i bambeSa (m. xub., gv. 138) _ es uziT RamiT

gapentil bambaSi... (qajaia, III, 2002); SqvilansSqvilansSqvilansSqvilans `mSvildavs~,

`bambas pentavs~ arn. Ciqobava nasaxelar zmnad miiCnevs

(Ciqobava, 1942, 99). am dakavSirebis Tavisebureba is iqneba,

rom SqvilSqvilSqvilSqvil- fuZeSi momdevno bagismieri …………-s gavleniT ar moxda

SqSqSqSq kompleqsis gasisineba (gamyreliZe, 1959, 71). gasisinebis

procesi ar ganxorcielebula qarT. mmmm----S‚lS‚lS‚lS‚l----dddd----iiiiØs kanonzomier

megr. SqvilSqvilSqvilSqvil- formaSic (gamyreliZe, iqve). aq bunebrivad dgeba

sakiTxi qarTulSi SulSulSulSul----oooo/SvilSvilSvilSvil----oooo da mmmm----SvilSvilSvilSvil----dddd- formaTa

mimarTebis Sesaxeb.

SesatyvisobaTa am rigSi Cadgeba svanuri sg…irsg…irsg…irsg…ir: `axlo

warsulSi sacvlebi, umTavresad kanafis Zafisagan iqsoveboda,

romelsac eZaxdnen s g v i r s~ (masalebi, 211), `kanafis

Zafisagan moqsovil s g v i r-s [xami tilos] naWers jer garecxa-

ven...~ (masalebi, 214).

sg…irsg…irsg…irsg…ir (-iS, sgurðr b.q.), sgursgursgursgur (-al) lSx. _ xami tilo;

kanafis Zafis qsovili. s g … i r ‹ J‹… ox…leT nabðbozd (bz.

124) _ saRamomde tiloc momiqsoveo. sg…iriS eser fatðn i

ejið? mekSde (and.) _ xami tilos perangi da _ isic mokleo.

sguri fatan xêqæ (lSx.) _ xami tilos perangi acvia... (svan.

leqs., 2000).

svan. sg…ir- qarT. S…il- da megr. Sqvil- fuZeebis kanon-

zomieri fonetikuri da semantikuri Sesatyvisia. qarTuli

SiSina |S| fonemis Sesatyvisi Sg kompleqsis gasisineba svanurSi

ganxorcielda T. gamyreliZis wesis mixedviT: *S… > sg.

svanur da qarTul fuZeTa sxvagvari SesatyvisisaTvis ix.

Cuxua, 2000-2003, 2000.

29

TTTT e d oe d oe d oe d o u T u r g a i Z eu T u r g a i Z eu T u r g a i Z eu T u r g a i Z e

mravlobiTi ricxvis mravlobiTi ricxvis mravlobiTi ricxvis mravlobiTi ricxvis ----bi sufiqsibi sufiqsibi sufiqsibi sufiqsi frfrfrfr....----mmmm. . . . mamamamaJJJJos gramatikaSios gramatikaSios gramatikaSios gramatikaSi

me-17 s. italieli gramatikosi qarTuli enis saxelis mrav-lobiTi ricxvis niSnad -ebiebiebiebi da -bibibibi sufiqsebs gamoKofs. -iiii dabo-loeba saxelobiTi brunvis niSania, rac kargad Cans nabruneb sa-xelTa paradigmebSi. gramatikulad es SeiZleba ase Caiweros {-eb} _ /-eb/ ∼ /-b/. -eb iqneba TanxmovanfuZian saxelTa mravlobiT ricxvSi, -b ki _ xmovanfuZianebTan. KuradGebas iqcevs /-b/ alo-morfi, Tu mas realur faqtad miviCnevT (deda-b-i, gogo-b-i...). fr.-m. maJos gramatika iwereboda samegrelosa da guriaSi (Zi-riTadad).

ramdenad aris SesaZlebeli /-b/ mravlobiTi ricxvis niS-nad? qarTulSi (iseve rogorc zanurSi) arabunebrivia xmovan-Ta kompleqsebi erTi morfemis farglebSi, ris gamoc xdeba morfonologiuri cvlilebebi sazGvris xmovanTa kompleqsebSi, kerZod: (1) r e d u q c i a: Zmaebi > Z m e b i, (2) r e g r e s u -l i a s i m i l a c i a: deidaebi > d e i d e e b i, (3) d i s i m i -l a c i a: xeebi > xiebi > x e b i, (4) d i f T o n g i z a c i a: pa-loebi > p a l … e b i, ezoebi > e z … e b i da (5) gansakuTrebiT aGsaniSnavia p r o g r e s u l i a s i m i l a c i a gloglogloglolurlurlurlurSiSiSiSi: raGacaebi > r a G a c a a b i.

identuri xmovnebi zogJer grZel xmovans qmnian, rac mTav-rdeba martiv xmovanSi gadasvliT (guruli m o r e º m o o r e < meore). aqve SeiZleba gavixsenoT yanurSi dadasturebuli -ef > -f mravlobiT ricxvSi xmovanfuZian saxelebTan (bucxa-f-e).

d e d a b i tipis formaTa misaGebad SeiZleba daiSvas ori gza: (1) progresuli asimilaciiT dedaabi > ded‰bi > dedabi; (2) reduqciiT dedaebi > dedabi.

fr.-m. maJos TiTqmis ar eSleba xmovanTa xmareba qarTul sitKvebSi; identur xmovnebs xSirad mxolod erTi xmovniT gamoxatavs (mepebi `mefeebi~).

30

m i xm i xm i xm i x eeee i l q u r d i a n ii l q u r d i a n ii l q u r d i a n ii l q u r d i a n i daGestnur enaTa niko mariseul kvalifikaciaTadaGestnur enaTa niko mariseul kvalifikaciaTadaGestnur enaTa niko mariseul kvalifikaciaTadaGestnur enaTa niko mariseul kvalifikaciaTa fonetikuri safuZvlebifonetikuri safuZvlebifonetikuri safuZvlebifonetikuri safuZvlebi

akademikosma niko marma daGestnur enaTa kvalifikacia

fonetikuri niSnebis mixedviT orJer moaxdina: erTxel miakuT-vna `spirantul~ tips (resp. Stos), naxur da afxazur-adiGur enebTan erTad; Semdeg ki `sonorul~ tips, naxur enebTan erTad.

orive es kvalifikacia Tumca fonetikur niSnebs emKare-boda, magram Tavad es niSnebi enaTa sxvadasxva fonetikur maxa-siaTebelze iKo orientirebuli.

akad. n. mars sazogadod sCveoda Tavisi kvlevis oden Se-degebisa da daskvnebis gamoqveKneba, kvlevis procesebsa da pro-cedurebze Tu argumentebze Kovelgvari miTiTebis gareSe, gu-lisxmobda ra, rom specialistTaTvis aranairi problema ar unda KofiliKo miseuli daskvnis wanamZGvarTa an analizis me-Todebis amocnoba da gaTvaliswineba. daGestnur enaTa mari-seuli fonetikuri kvalifikaciebi am mxriv gamonaklisi ar aris da winamdebare naSromi maTi axsnis mcdelobas warmoadgens.

`spispispispiranranranrantutututuli tili tili tili tipipipipi~~~~. . . . pirvelad termini `spirantuli~ ti-

pi n. marma gamoiKena svanuri enis dasaxasiaTeblad, rodesac man svanuri am niSniT daupirispira `sibilanturi~ tipis (resp. Stos) qarTvelur enebs _ qarTuls (sisina ena) da megrul-ya-nurs (SiSina ena º enebi).

Tumca Tavisi am debulebis gaTvalsaCinoebisaTvis mis mi-erve moxmobili magaliTebi aseTi daskvnis udavobas ver uz-runvelKofdnen, magram svanuris garda `spirantul~ tipSi daGestnuri (resp. xunZur-andiur-didouri), naxuri da afxa-zur-adiGuri enebis SeKvana iZleva safuZvels sandoobis maGali xarisxiT ganvsazGvroT, Tu ras gulisxmobda akad. n. mari am terminis qveS.

31

mis mier `spirantul~ tipSi gaerTianebul enaTa absolu-tur umravlesobas met-naklebad axasiaTebs `dezafrikatizaci-is~ anu xSul afrikatTa `spirantizaciis~ fonetikuri proce-sis realizebuloba an tendencia (laparakia dasabamier, anu pirvelad afrikatTa dezafrikatizaciaze, Torem am da sxva kavkasiur enebSi SeiZleba sawinaaGmdego procesic iKos povnie-ri: ukanaenismier xSulTa palataluri afrikatizacia _ g q k g q k g q k g q k

> J C yJ C yJ C yJ C y, rogorc es gvaqvs `spirantuli tipis~ enebidan svanur-Si da adiGeurSi).

dasabamier xSul, ZiriTadad SiSina afrikatTa spiranti-zacias adgili aqvs akad. n. maris mier `spirantuli tipisa-Tvis~ mikuTvnebul enebSi:

svanurSi: J > j; C > S; y > Ø; Zg/Jg > sg; cq/Cq > Sg; wk/yk > Sk. CeCnur-inguSurSi: J > j; C > S; bacburSi (wova-TuSurSi): J > j; C > S; xunZurSi: *Z > z; *J > j; (dialeqtebSi agreTve): c > s; c´ > s´;

C´ > S´). andiur enebSi: c > s; C > S; c´ > s; C´ > S´; didour enebSi: c > s; C > S; c´ > s; C´ > S´; adiGeuri enis dialeqtebSi: C > S; C > S»; J > j. da a. S.

adiGurSi da xunZur-andiur-didour enebSi dasabamieri afrikatebis kvaldakval dezafrikatizacias eqvemdebarebian ag-reTve meoreuli formaciis anu ukanaenismier xSulTa palata-lizaciis gziT miGebuli afrikatebic.

`sosososononononorurururuli tili tili tili tipipipipi~. termin `sonoruli tipis~ gamoKenebam daGestnuri da naxuri enebis dasaxasiaTeblad gaugebroba gamoiwvia. akademikosi arnold Ciqobava werda:

`n. marma scada iafetur-qarTveluri enebi fonetikuri niSnis mixedviT daexasiaTebina: qarTuli sitKvis fuZe Tu s i -s i n a Tanxmovans Seicavs (mag. ssssuli), yanursa da megruls S i S i n a Tanxmovani moudis (SSSSuri `suli~), svanurs kidev

32

`spiranti~ (ukeT: fSvinvieri ukanaenismieri) Tanxmovani (qqqqvin `suli~).

`sisina~, `SiSina~, `spirantuli~ da maTi SeJvareba (`SiSi-na-spirantuli~, `sisina-spirantuli~) n. maris varaudiT niSan-doblivi iKo iseTi iafeturi enebisaTvis, rogoricaa qarTuli, yanuri, megruli, svanuri da afxazuri.

amas daemata `s o n o r u l i~ tipi, rodesac iafetur enebad gamocxadda naxuri da daGestnuri enebi.

n. maris es Tvalsazrisi TavisTavad sainteresoa, magram realuri mniSvneloba mas qarTulisa da megrul-yanurisTvis Tu aqvs; svanurSi, afxazurSi spirantuli fenis sailustracio masalac ki mcirea, xolo naxur da daGestnur enaTa sonoru-lobaze msJeloba xelSesaxebs arafers iZleva~ (Ciqobava 1979: 31).

zemoT vcade gamerkvia, Tu realurad ras gulisxmobda n. mari svanuri da sxva enebis `spirantul tipad~ saxeldebisas, damoukideblad mis mier metismetad daudevrad SerCeuli sai-lustracio masalisagan. axla vecdebi vaCveno, Tu ratom da ramdenad iZleva xelSesaxebs n. maris msJeloba daGestnur ena-Ta sonorulobaze.

dGes sinqroniaSi Tanaarsebul iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa-gan mxolod qarTvelur enebs aqvT sruli paradigma e. w. or-wevra harmoniuli decesiuri kompleqsebisa:

AA tipi. xSuli + xSuli

bg dg Zg Jg

fq Tq cq Cq

pk tk wk yk

BB tipi. xSuli + spiranti

bG dG ZG JG

fx Tx cx Cx

pK tK wK yK

33

am tipSi mkveTrebTan fiqsirebuli faringaluri mkveTri KKKK artikulaciurad xSulTa rigSia (Sdr. T. gamKreliZe 2000 : 249-256), funqcionalurad ki spirantis rolSi gamodis.

C tipi. spiranti + xSuli

zg jg

sq Sq

D tipi. spiranti + spiranti

zG jG

sx Sx

harmoniuli decesiuri kompleqsebi orgvari warmoSobi-

saa qarTvelur enebSi: 1) dasabamieri da reduqciis Sedegad miGebuli an morfemaTa miJnaze warmoqmnili, magram gansaxilve-li sakiTxisTvis amas gadamwKveti mniSvneloba ara aqvs.

sporadulad da fakultaturad decesiuri harmoniuli kompleqsebi gvxvdeba afxazur-abazursa da naxur enebSi. magram rogorc aGvniSne, sistemur xasiaTs isini mxolod qarTvelur enebSi atareben da enaTa am Jgufis erTgvar markers warmoadgenen.

amgvarive markers daGestnuri enebisas warmoadgenen or-wevra TanxmovanTkompleqsebi, romelTa erTi wevri aucileb-lad sosososononononoriariariaria!!!!

daGestnur (xunZur-andiur-didour) enaTa `orwevriani Zireuli konsonanturi Jgufebis ganxilvis Sedegad gamovlinda maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli Semdegi struqturuli Tavisebureba-ni: Zireuli Jgufis erT-erTi wevri KovelTvis sonori Tan-xmovniTaa warmodgenili~ (barnovi 2005 : 17).

vfiqrob, swored daGestnur enaTa am Taviseburebas gu-lisxmobda akademikosi niko mari, rodesac daGestnuri enebi `sonorul tips~ miakuTvna, miT umetes, rom decesiuri harmo-niuli kompleqsebis arseboba, rogorc qarTvelur enaTa speci-fikuri maxasiaTeblisa, pirvelad swored n. mars hqonda Se-

34

mCneuli: `winaenismieri Tanxmovnebi + ukanaenismieri Tanxmovne-bi (swored am mimdevrobiT) gvaZlevs harmoniul Jgufebs~. m e d e am e d e am e d e am e d e a G l o nG l o nG l o nG l o n t it it it i zrunzrunzrunzrunvis leqvis leqvis leqvis leqsisisisikurkurkurkur----sesesesemanmanmanmantitititikukukukuri buri buri buri budidididisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis

1) qarTuli zrunzrunzrunzrunvis vis vis vis leqsikur-semantikur budeSi Semo-

krebili leqsikuri erTeulebi sami semantikuri mimarTulebiT

gadanawildeba:

IIII. . . . mzrunmzrunmzrunmzrunvevevevelolololobabababa _ rodesac Zalisxmeva mimarTulia mo-

vla-daxmarebisken (sakuTari Tavisa Tu sxvisaTvis). amis dastu-

ria Zveli qarTuli: zrunzrunzrunzrunvavavava `garja, Rvawli, raime RonisZieba~

da zrunzrunzrunzrunvis devis devis devis debabababa `zrunva~ (i. abulaZe), mzrunmzrunmzrunmzrunvevevevelolololobabababa `kura-

toroba, meurveoba~, mzrunmzrunmzrunmzrunvevevevelililili, , , , mzrumzrumzrumzrunanananavivivivi `momvleli~, TaTaTaTanamnamnamnam----

zrunzrunzrunzrunvevevevelolololobabababa `zrunva, daxmareba~ da TaTaTaTanamnamnamnamzrunzrunzrunzrunvevevevelililili `Wirisu-

fali~ (z. sarjvelaZe), sasasasamzrunmzrunmzrunmzrunvevevevelolololo `monasteri~ (`samzrunve-

los werilTa Sina monastersa uwoden. monasteri laTinuria,

qarTulad samzrunvelo hqvian monazonT (monozanT) sakrebu-

losa~ _ sulxan-saba); Sdr.: qarT. zrunzrunzrunzrunvavavava (← zrzrzrzr-) da svan.

li-zarzarzarzar-e `zrunva; dacva~ (fenrixi-sarjvelaZe).

IIIIIIII. . . . sasasasazruzruzruzrunanananavi vi vi vi _ rodesac Zalisxmeva iwvevs urva-wuxilsa

da SfoTs. amis dasturia Zveli qarTuli: zrunzrunzrunzrunvavavava, , , , dadadadazrunzrunzrunzrunvavavava

`SfoTi, aRZvra. urva, wuxili~; sazrunavi, sadardo~ (i. abula-

Ze), zrunzrunzrunzrunvavavava `(maTe 6, 25) SiSi dacemisa, gina navRvla�(sa), gina

inaRvla~, sasasasazruzruzruzrunanananavivivivi `sanavRvlo saqme~ (sulxan-saba), SeSeSeSe----

zrunzrunzrunzrun((((vvvv))))ebaebaebaeba `Sewuxeba, daRoneba, urva, SeSfoTeba~, SeSeSeSezrunzrunzrunzrunveveveve----

bubububuli li li li `Sewuxebuli~ (i. abulaZe), mimomimomimomimodazdazdazdazrunrunrunrunvavavava `fusfusi~,

mramramramravalvalvalvalmzrunmzrunmzrunmzrunvevevevelililili `daudegari, mofusfuse~ da mramramramravalvalvalvalmzrunmzrunmzrunmzrun----

vevevevelolololoba�ba�ba�ba� `didad zrunva~ (z. sarjvelaZe); Sdr.: qarT. zarzarzarzar- `da-

zareba~ da svan. li-JarJarJarJar `mowyena, mobezreba~ (g. klimovi).

35

amave semantikur mimarTulebas ganekuTvneba uqonlobis

uuuu----oooo TavsarT-bolosarTiani Zveli qarTuli uzuzuzuzrunrunrunrunvevevevelililili, , , , uzuzuzuz----

rurururunanananavi vi vi vi ùzrunveli, unaRvlo, uSfoTveli; Tavis ufali zrunvi-

sagan~, uzuzuzuzrunrunrunrunvevevevelad lad lad lad ùzrunvelad, uSfoTvelad, unaRvlelad,

uurvelad~ uz uz uz uzrunrunrunrunvevevevelolololoba ba ba ba ùzrunveloba, uurveloba, udarde-

loba, simSvide; Tavis ufleba zrunvisagan, unaRvloba, daudevne-

loba, uTauroba~, uzuzuzuzrunrunrunrunvelvelvelvel----yoyoyoyofafafafa, , , , uzuzuzuzrunrunrunrunvelvelvelvel----qmniqmniqmniqmnili li li li `damSvide-

ba, Seuwuxebloba, dawynareba; udardel-yofa; unaRvlo-yofa,

unaRvlo-qmnili~ (i. abulaZe, z. sarjvelaZe, d. CubinaSvili).

IIIIIIIIIIII. . . . xmixmixmixmiaaaanonononoba ba ba ba _ rodesac Zalisxmevas Semawuxebeli (krTo-

mis, SiSisa da Zrwolis gamomwvevi) xmis gamocema axlavs. amis

dasturia Zveli qarTuli: zruzruzruzrunininini `godebis bani~ (sulxan-saba),

`godeba; godebis bani mtiralTagan~ (d. CubinaSvili), `zaris go-

debis bani~ (iv. javaxiSvili), zrizrizrizriaaaalililili `sazareli mravalxmianoba~

(sulxan-saba), qarT. zrzrzrzr-ial-i da megr. rJrJrJrJ-iol-i (← JrJrJrJr-iol-i)

`xmianoba~ (g. klimovi, fenrixi-sarjvelaZe). aqve unda movixmoT

Zveli qarTuli zrzzrzzrzzrz----olololol----aaaa `Zrwola~ da qarT. JrJJrJJrJJrJ----olololol----aaaa `JrJo-

la, caxcaxi~, Zveli qarTuli zrzzrzzrzzrz----enenenen----a a a a gaRizianeba, galaReba~,

zrzzrzzrzzrz----inininin----eba eba eba eba `winaaRmdegoba, urCoba~ da qarT. zrzenzrzenzrzenzrzen----//// zrzinzrzinzrzinzrzin---- `Se-

SfoTeba, aRgzneba~, megr. zˆrzˆnzˆrzˆnzˆrzˆnzˆrzˆn `xmauri, guguni~;

amave semantikuri mimarTulebisaa zazazazarisrisrisris (`spars. elda,

anazdi SiSi, gankrToma; tirili, godeba~ _ d. CubinaSvili)

Semcveli leqsikuri erTeulebi: sasasasazazazazarerererelililili `zaris dasacemeli

sasmeneli esmas, anu saocari rame ixilos, SiSisa da wyenisa

zarma esre Seipyras, didxans SemSTvariviT iyos~ (sulxan-saba),

`saZageli, saSineli~ (i. abulaZe, z. sarjvelaZe), zazazazariririri `sazare-

lisagan SiSi~ (sulxan-saba), `SiSi; SeZrwuneba~ (i. abulaZe, z.

sarjvelaZe), zazazazarisrisrisris----dadadadacecececemamamama `SeSineba~, zarzarzarzar----dadadadacecececemumumumulililili `SeSinebu-

li~, zazazazarisrisrisris----ganƒdaganƒdaganƒdaganƒda `SeSineba, SekrToma~, zarzarzarzar----ganƒdiganƒdiganƒdiganƒdilililili `SeSine-

buli, SeZrwunebuli~. zarzarzarzar----ƒdoƒdoƒdoƒdomamamama èldis cema~ (i. abulaZe, z.

sarjvelaZe), aseve frazeologizmebi: SiSiSiSiSiSiSiSisssszazazazari dari dari dari daeeeecacacaca, Tav Tav Tav Tavzazazazari ri ri ri

dadadadaeeeecacacaca; Sdr.: qarT. zarzarzarzar-i da megr. zorzorzorzor-i `sayviris xma~; qarT.

u-zarzarzarzar-ma-zarzarzarzar-i da megr. zorzorzorzor-i `didi~ (fenrixi-sarjvelaZe),

Sdr. aseve zanzanzanzan----zarzarzarzar----iiii....

36

2) zrun zrun zrun zrunvisvisvisvis warmodgenil leqsikur-semantikur budeSi aS-

krad ikveTeba dapirispirebuli semantikuri paradigmebi: erTi

mxriv, `̀̀̀momomomovlavlavlavla----patpatpatpatrorororononononobis mizbis mizbis mizbis mizniT ganiT ganiT ganiT gaweweweweuuuuli li li li s as as as a m z r u nm z ru nm z ru nm z ru n v ev ev ev e lolololo

sasasasaqmeqmeqmeqme~ ~ ~ ~ (I mimarTuleba) da, meore mxriv, `̀̀̀SeSeSeSemamamamawuwuwuwuxexexexebebebebeli li li li s as as as a ----

z r uz ruz ruz ru n an an an a v iv iv iv i sa sa sa saqmeqmeqmeqme~~~~ (II da III mimarTulebebi).

Sesabamisi saRvTismetyvelo masala (wmida werilidan),

wmida mamaTa komentariTurT, amowmebs saanalizo semantikur

paradigmebSi aRbeWdil dapirispirebas: gamijnulia amsofliuri

(oden xorcieli) da sulisaTvis sargo (sacxovnebeli) sagani

zrunzrunzrunzrunvivivivisa sa sa sa Tu sa sa sa sazruzruzruzrunanananavivivivisasasasa....

n a t o S a v r e S i a n in a t o S a v r e S i a n in a t o S a v r e S i a n in a t o S a v r e S i a n i

----moS nawilakis sintaqsuri funqciisaTvis svanurSimoS nawilakis sintaqsuri funqciisaTvis svanurSimoS nawilakis sintaqsuri funqciisaTvis svanurSimoS nawilakis sintaqsuri funqciisaTvis svanurSi

ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÄÍÀ ÌÃÉÃÀÒÉÀ ÖÀÒÚÏ×ÉÈÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÄÁÉÈÀ ÃÀ ÀÌ ÍÀßÉ-ËÀÊÈÀÂÀÍ ßÀÒÌÏÄÁÖËÉ ÖÀÒÚÏ×ÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÄÁÉÈ, ÖÀÒÚÏ×ÉÈÉ ÆÌÍÉÆÄÃÄÁÉÈÀ ÃÀ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÉÈ. ÓÉÌÒÀÅËÄÓ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÖÒÉ ÍÀÉÒÓÀáÄÏÁÄ-ÁÉÝ ÂÀÍÀÐÉÒÏÁÄÁÓ. ÓßÏÒÄÃ ÌÀÈÉ ÓÀÛÖÀËÄÁÉÈ ÂÀÃÌÏÉÝÄÌÀ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄ-ÁÉÓ ÖÊÖÈØÌÉÈÏÁÀ.

ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ÚÖÒÀÃÙÄÁÀÓ ÂÀÅÀÌÀáÅÉËÄÁÈ -ÌÏÛ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÆÄ, ÒÏ-ÌÄËÉÝ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÅÀÍ ÒÏËÓ ÈÀÌÀÛÏÁÓ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉ ÖÊÖÈØÌÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÅÉÓ ÈÅÀËÓÀÆÒÉÓÉÈ.

ÌÏØÌÄÃÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÖÞËÄÁËÏÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÓÀáÀÔÀÅÀÃ ÄÍÀ ÉÚÄÍÄÁÓ ÖÀÒÚÏ-×ÉÈ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÄÁÓ: ÌðÃÛ | ÌðÜ (ËÍÔ.), ÃÄÛ (ÜÏË.), ÃÏÛ, ÃÄÛÌÀ, ÃÄÛÌÀÌ, ÃÄÛÓÀ (ËÛá.)... `ÅÄÒ, ÅÄÒÀ, ÅÄÒÀ×ÄÒÉ"; ÖÀÒÚÏ×ÉÈ ÍÀÝÅÀË-ÓÀáÄËÄÁÓ: ÃÄÛÉðÒ | ÃÄÛðÒ | ÃÄÛÎÀÒ (ÁÆ., ËÍÔ.), ÃÄÛðÒ (ÜÏË.), ÃÄÛëÒ | ÃÄÛëÒÃ | ÃÄÛëÒÃÌÏÛ (ËÛá.), ÃóÒÌÏÛ (ÁÆ.), ÃðÒÌÏÛ | ÃðÒÃÌÏÛ (ÁØ.), ÃêÒÌÏÛ | ÃêÒÃÌÏÛ (ËÛá., ÜÏË.) `ÅÄÒÀÅÉÍ"; ÃÄÛÓÀ-ÌÀ | ÃÄÛÌÀ (ÆÓ.), ÃÄÛÌÀ (ËáÌ.), ÃëÓÌÀÌÏÛ | ÃëÓÀÌÀÌÏÛ (ÁÆ., ÜÏË.) ÌÀÍÂæÄÛÌÏÛ (ÁØ.) `ÅÄÒÀÒÀ, ÅÄÒÀ×ÄÒÉ"; ÃÄÓÎÀÌÌÏÛ | ÃëÌÉÓÌÏÛ `ÅÄÒÀ-×ÄÒÓ" ÃÀ ÖÀÒÚÏ×ÉÈ ÆÌÍÉÆÄÃÄÁÓ: ÃëÌÄÌÏÛ (ÜÏË.), ÃÄÌÄÂÌÏÛ (ÁØ.) `ÅÄÒÓÀÃ"; ÃëÌáÄÍÌÏÛ (ÜÏË.) `ÅÄÒÓÀÉÃÀÍ"; ÃëÌÜÉØÓÌÏÛ | ÃëÌÜÉØÌÏÛ

37

(ËÛá., ÜÏË.) `ÅÄÒÀÓÃÒÏÓ"; ÃëÌÑÉÌÏÛ | ÃÄÛìÌÑÉÌÏÛ (ËÛá., ÜÏË.) `ÅÄÒÀ×ÒÉÈ"...

ÀÙÓÀÍÉÛÍÀÅÉÀ, ÒÏÌ ÛÄÖÞËÄÁËÏÁÉÓ ÛÉÍÀÀÒÓÉÓ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÅÉÓ ÈÅÀËÓÀÆÒÉÓÉÈ ÜÏËÖÒÖËÉ ÚÅÄËÀÆÄ ÌßÉÒ ÓÖÒÀÈÓ ÂÅÉÜÅÄÍÄÁÓ, `ÅÄÒ" ÍÀßÉËÀÊÓ ÌáÏËÏÃ ÃÄÛ ×ÏÒÌÀ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÀÅÓ, áÏËÏ ÒÀÝ ÛÄÄáÄÁÀ ÀÙ-ÍÉÛÍÖËÉ ×ÖÍØÝÉÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÌáÀÔÅÄË ÓáÅÀ ÓÀÛÖÀËÄÁÄÁÓ (ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ ÚÅÄËÀ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÛÉ, ÌÀÈ ÛÏÒÉÓ ÜÏËÖÒÖËÛÉ), ÉÓÉÍÉ ÉßÀÒÌÏÄÁÀ ÊÀÔÄÂÏÒÉÖ-ËÉ ÖÀÒÚÏ×ÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÌáÀÔÅÄË ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÄÁÓÀ ÃÀ ÖÀÒÚÏ×ÉÈ ÆÌÍÉ-ÓÀÒÈÄÁÆÄ ÌÏÛ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉÓ ÃÀÒÈÅÉÈ: ÃëÓÌÀÌÏÛ | ÃëÓÀÌÀÌÏÛ (ÁÆ., ÜÏË.) ÌÀÍÂæÄÛÌÏÛ (ÁØ.) `ÅÄÒÀÒÀ, ÅÄÒÀ×ÄÒÉ", ÃêÒÃÌÏÛ (ËÛá., ÜÏË.) `ÅÄÒÀÅÉÍ"; ÃëÌÄÌÏÛ (ÜÏË.) ÃÄÌÄÂÌÏÛ (ÁØ.) `ÅÄÒÓÀÃ"; ÃëÌáÄÍÌÏÛ (ÜÏË.) `ÅÄÒÓÀÉÃÀÍ"; ÃëÌÑÉÌÏÛ | ÃÄÛìÌÑÉÌÏÛ (ËÛá., ÜÏË.) `ÅÄÒÀ×ÒÉÈ" ÃÀ À. Û. ÌÀÂ.:

ÃëÓÌÀÌÏÛ ÏáÌÄâÄÒ `ÅÄÒÀ×ÄÒÉ ÅÄÒ ÂÀÅÉÂÄ", ÃÄÓÀÌÀÌÏÛ ÏáâéÒâ `ÅÄÒÀ×ÄÒÉ ÌÏÅÀáÄÒáÄ", ÃÄÛìÌÑÉÌÏÛ ÏÈÙÏÒÀæ `ÅÄÒÀ×ÒÉÈ ÌÏÅÀ-ÔÚÖÄ", ÃÄÌÄÂÌÏÛ ÏáæÈáÀ `ÅÄÒÓÀÃ ÖÐÏÅÉÀ", ÃëÌÜÉØÓÌÏÛ ÏáéÒÌ ÀÂÉÓ `ÅÄÒÀÓÃÒÏÓ ÃÀÅÉàÉÒÄ ÓÀáËÛÉ"...

ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ, ØÀÒÈÖËÉÓ ÌÓÂÀÅÓÀÃ, ÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ ×ÏÒÌÏÁËÉÅÀÃ ÂÀÌÏ-áÀÔÖËÉ ÏÒÌÀÂÉ ÖÀÒÚÏ×À. ÓßÏÒÄÃ ÂÀÍÓÀáÉËÅÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -ÌÏÛ ÃÀ-ÄÒÈÅÉÓ ÖÀÒÚÏ×ÉÈ ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÄÁÓÀ ÃÀ ÖÀÒÚÏ×ÉÈ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÄÁÓ ÃÀ ÌáÏËÏÃ ÃÀ ÌáÏËÏÃ ÀÌ ÂÆÉÈ ÂÀÌÏÉáÀÔÄÁÀ ÏÒÌÀÂÉ ÖÀÒÚÏ×ÉÈÉ ×ÏÒ-ÌÄÁÉ, ÌÀÂ.:

ÃðÒÃÌÏÛ ÜæÄÌÉÍ (ÁØ.) `ÅÄÒÀÅÉÍ ÅÄÒ ÂÀÀÊÄÈÀ" ÌÀÍÂæÄÛÌÏÛ ÄÍÌÄâÒÄ (ÁØ.) `ÅÄÒÀ×ÄÒÉ ÅÄÒ ÂÀÉÂÏ" ÃëÌÑÉÌÏÛ ÏÍâæÄÃ (ËÛá.) `ÅÄÒÀ×ÒÉÈ ÅÄÒ ÌÏÅÄÃÉ" ÃëÓÌÀÌÏÛ ÏáÓÀá (ÜÏË.) `ÅÄÒÀ×ÄÒÉ ÅÄÒ ÌÏÅÀáÄÒáÄ" ÃëÌáÄÍÌÏÛ ÏÍâÖ (ÜÏË.) `ÅÄÒÓÀÉÃÀÍ ÅÄÒ ÌÏÅÉÔÀÍÄ"... áÏËÏ ÝÀËÊÄ ÀÙÄÁÖË ÌÏÛ ×ÏÒÌÀÓ (ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÉÓ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ)

ÓáÅÀÃÀÓáÅÀ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÃÀÔÅÉÒÈÅÀ ÀØÅÓ, ÌÀÂ. `ÝÀËÊÄ, ÓáÅÀÍÀÉÒÉ, ÝÖ-ÃÉ", ÀÍÖ ÌÀÓ, ÝÀËÊÄ ÀÙÄÁÖËÓ, ÖÀÒÚÏ×ÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÁÀ ÀÒÀ ÀØÅÓ.

ÌÏÛ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ ÃÀÄÒÈÅÉÓ ÃÄÈðÎ (ËÍÔ), ÃÄÈêÎ (ËÛá., ÜÏË.) `ÀÒÝ" ÊÀÅÛÉÒÓÀÝ ÃÀ ÌÀÓÀÝ ÛÄÖÞËÄÁËÏÁÉÓ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÀÓ ÀÍÉàÄÁÓ, ÌÀÂ.: ÃÄÈêÎ ÌÏÛ `ÅÄÒÝ".

ÖÍÃÀ ÀÙÉÍÉÛÍÏÓ, ÒÏÌ ÌÏÛ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉÓ ×ÖÍØÝÉÀ ÛÄÖÞËÄÁËÏÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÅÉÈ ÀÒ ÛÄÌÏÉ×ÀÒÂËÄÁÀ, ÉÂÉ ÀÌÀÅÄ ÃÒÏÓ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÛÄÂÅáÅÃÄÓ ßÀÒÈØÌÉÈ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉÝ, áÏËÏ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÛÄÓÀÞËÄÁËÏÁÉÓ ÀÙÌÍÉÛ-ÅÍÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ, ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÀÃ ÂÀÌÏÉÚÄÍÄÁÀ ÐÉÒÏÁÉÈ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÄÁÛÉ ÃÀ ÀáËÀÅÓ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÓ. ÌÀÂ.:

38

ÄÜÀÓ Ä ÌÏÛ ÜÖ áÀÃÂðÒÉ, ÄÜØÀ ÉÓÂÅÀÈêÍ ÃóÒ ðÒÉ (ÁÆ. ÐÒ. 231) `ÉÌÀÓ ÈÖ ÌÏÊËÀÅ (Ä. É. ÌÏÊÅËÀÓ ÈÖ ÛÄÞËÄÁ), ÌÀÛÉÍ ÛÄÍÉÓÈÀÍÀ ÀÒÀÅÉÍ ÉØÍÄÁÀ (ÀÒÉÓ)".

ËÀá ÌÏÛ ÜæÀÍâÃÄ, ÄãÉÓ ÌÉ ËÏáæÏÃêËÍÉ ÍÀÂéÒãÓ (ÜÏË.) `ÈÖ ÜÀÌÏ-ÉÔÀÍ (Ä. É. ÜÀÌÏÔÀÍÀÓ ÈÖ ÛÄÞËÄÁ), ÉÌÀÓ ÌÄ ÌÏÅÀÝÄÌÉÍÄÁ ÂÀÓÀÌÒãÄËÏÓ"...

v a j a S e n g e l i av a j a S e n g e l i av a j a S e n g e l i av a j a S e n g e l i a afxazurafxazurafxazurafxazuriiii ukanaenismieri Tanxmovnebis ukanaenismieri Tanxmovnebis ukanaenismieri Tanxmovnebis ukanaenismieri Tanxmovnebis Cerqezuli SesatKvisebisaTvisCerqezuli SesatKvisebisaTvisCerqezuli SesatKvisebisaTvisCerqezuli SesatKvisebisaTvis

ukanaenismieri Tanxmovnebis funqcionirebis Tvalsazri-

siT afxazur-Cerqezul enebSi sxvadasxvagvari viTareba gvaqvs. afxazursa da abazurSi ukanaenismierTa rigSi warmodgeni-

lia 15 Tanxmovani _ 9 xSuli da 6 spiranti; maT Soris 5 martivi Tanxmovania (gqk Gx), 5 _ palatalizebuli (g½q½k½ G½x½) da 5 _ la-bializebuli (g¡q¡k¡G¡x¡). Cerqezul saliteraturo enebsa da dia-leqtTa met wils ukanaenismieri martivi xSuli Tanxmovnebi ar ga-aCnia, Tu ar miviGebT mxedvelobaSi ramdenime sitKvaSi ssss da SSSS´́́́ spi-rantTa mezoblad Kru xSulTa Semonaxvis faqts (mag., adiG. fsqqqq– `xvela~, S´kkkk– `xbo~); mxolod Kabardouli enis Kubanis dialeqtis babugois kilokavSia dafiqsirebuli martivi da palatalizebuli xSulebis fakultaturi monacvleobis faqti (m. kumaxovi).

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, bunebrivia, afxazur-abazuri ukanaenismieri xSulebis SesatKvisad Cerqezul enebSi palata-lizaciis Sedegad miGebuli J C yJ C yJ C yJ C y gvqondes (mag., afx. abbbbgggga : Cerq. baaaaJJJJa `mela~), magram sxvagvari SesatKvisobac dasturdeba, kerZod, afx. qqqq : : : : Cerq. xxxxÀÀÀÀ (afx. aqqqqˆTa `sofeli~ : Cerq. xxxxÀÀÀÀ––––Tˆ Tˆ Tˆ Tˆ _ `bostani~, afx. -q¡¡¡¡a < *-qqqqa : Cerq. _ xxxxÀÀÀÀ–––– _ mr. r. mawarmoebeli); amosavlad q q q q ivaraudeba.

rac Seexeba labializebul Tanxmovnebs, isini identur SesatKvisobebsac gviCveneben (mag., afx. agggg¡¡¡¡ˆ : Cerq. gggg¡¡¡¡ˆ `guli~),

39

da araidentursac (mag. afx. agggg¡¡¡¡a sitKvaSi agggg¡¡¡¡aS¡º `yiSkari~ da Cerq. qqqq¡¡¡¡ _ sitKvaSi q q q q¡¡¡¡abj– `yiSkari~).

spirantebSi arsebuli viTareba sagangebo ganxilvas moi-Txovs.

i z ai z ai z ai z a C a n t l a Z eC a n t l a Z eC a n t l a Z eC a n t l a Z e

labializacialabializacialabializacialabializacia----delabializaciis delabializaciis delabializaciis delabializaciis urTierTmimarTebisaTvis kodorul toponimiaSiurTierTmimarTebisaTvis kodorul toponimiaSiurTierTmimarTebisaTvis kodorul toponimiaSiurTierTmimarTebisaTvis kodorul toponimiaSi

svanur enaSi Zalze gavrcelebulia rogorc labializa-

ciis, ise delabializaciis urTierTgamomricxveli procesebi.

es ukanaskneli yvelaze metad axasiaTebs balsqvemouri dialeq-

tis laxamulur kilokavs (m. qaldani), magram rom igi metnak-

lebad yvela dialeqtSi iyo gavrcelebuli, amaze miuTiTeben

Zveli svanuri xalxuri simRerebisa da andaza-gamocanebis ena,

agreTve calkeuli idiomaturi gamoTqmebi da toponimuri er-

Teulebi.

1889 wlis monacemebis mixedviT, dalis, kvanis, gvandrisa

da CxalTis xeobebs Soris ulamazesia da umdidresi pirveli

maTgani. `kvakvakvakvani qarni qarni qarni qartatatataze saze saze saze sakekekekenianianiania~ (niJaraZe 1964:161), rac Zal-

ze mniSvnelovnad gveCveneba sasasasa----kenkenkenken'-is etimologiis garkvevisa-

Tvis (`sakverne~ > *sasasasa----kkkk…………ern ern ern ern > *sasasasa----k…k…k…k…eeeennnn > sasasasa----kenkenkenken _ auslautis

gamartiveba svanurSi da r r r r sonoris dakargva inlautSi Cveu-

lebrivi movlenaa qarTvelur enebSi). ÊæðÍ, vfiqrobT, uSgu-

luri unda iyos, Tumca is erT balszemour andazaSic aqvs da-

dasturebuli mestiel mixeil CarTolans (ÊæðÍ-ÏË ËðØÌÀÈÄ

ÀÌÜÄÃëËÉ, ÔÖ× ÄÜÄ ÀÈÓÄÃÀ _ `kverna saSovarze wasula, tyavi

iq darCenia~ _ niJaraZe 1964:224; Sdr. ifaruli: ÊæÄÍ

ËðØÌÀÈ’ëÓÄÒ ðÌÜÄÃ É ÔÖ× ÄÓÄÒ ÄÜ’íÈÝæìÒÀ _ `kverna saSovarze

wavida da tyavi iq datovao~ _ korZaia 2000:90; da laxamulu-

40

ri: ÊÄÍ ÖÒÉÍ ÃðÓ ÄÓÄÒ áÏÔÌÖÒÀ _ `kverna orjer aravis gautya-

vebiao~ _ daviTiani 1973:46).

ÊæðÍ da sasasasa----kenkenkenken formaTa urTierTSepirispirebas gada-

mwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs delabializaciis procesis istorii-

saTvis svanurSi. aSkaraa, rom sasasasakenkenkenken toponimi balsqvemo svane-

Tidan kodoris xeobaSi CasaxlebulTa mieraa Seqmnili. specia-

luri literaturidan (m. qaldani) karga xania cnobilia, rom

Tanamedrove laxamuluri kilokavis fonotaqtikas specifikurs

xdis delabializacia, riTac is sagrZnoblad upirispirdeba

balsqvemouri kilokavebis (agreTve svanuris sxva dialeqtebis)

monacemebs, magram laxamulelebs arasodes ucxovriaT kodoris

xeobaSi (gujejiani 1939 : 274), amitomac unda vifiqroT, rom

saanalizo toponimi Wuberel _ farel _ ecerel _ cxumarel

_ beCoelTa naRvawi unda iyos.

zogi Cveni kodoreli informatoris metyvelebaSi Zalze

iSviaTad ÊæðÍ warmodgenilia ÚæðÍ variantis saxiTac. imave teq-

stebSi gvxvdeba ËÄ-Êæ-À toponimic, romelic, vfiqrobT, igive

qarTuli sasasasa----kenkenkenken-ia, oRond svanuri gaformebiT. Zalze saintere-

soa, rom svanur variantSi labialuri elementi -æ- daculia,

rac am Ziris arqaulobaze metyvelebs kodorul svanurSi.

aqa-iq gaigonebT rrrreeee----kkkk…………-a variantsac; llll>rrrr garkveuli po-

ziciiT Sepirobebuli fonetikuri procesia zanurSi (g.

rogava), Tumca amas ver vityodiT svanuri enis Sesaxeb, yovel

SemTxvevaSi jerjerobiT mainc, vidre sakiTxi specialurad ar

iqneba Seswavlili, ise ki analogiuri faqtebi aqac dasturde-

ba: cilcilcilcil (zs., lSx.)/circircircir (lnt.) _ 1. kani, qerqi; 2. cila; 3.

tyavi..., cilcilcilcil (Col.) _ xis kanis SigniTa wvniani lorwo, ci-

la. Sdr. qarT. cilcilcilcil-a _ kvercxis TeTri guli, gina xis qerqis

SigniTi kani (saba), cilcilcilcil----i (imer.) _ gogris an sazamTros kanis

TeTri nawili, cilcilcilcil-a-m-p-al-i (qiz.), cilcilcilcil-a-m-p-al-a (fS.) _

qerq da cilaSemompali Wigo vazisa, erTi mxriv, da `kanis ga-

clclclcl----a~, li-cccc‹‹‹‹rrrr----e (bz., lSx.), li-circircircir----e (bq., lnt.), cccc‹‹‹‹rrrr----a (Col.)

`aRletva, kanis gacla, gafcqvna~; cilcilcilcil-e (zs., lnt.), ccccˆ̂̂̂llll----e

(lSx.) `apobs, xevs, xleCs, glejs, xeTqs~. am formebisTvis SesaZ-

41

loa amosavali iyos *cilcilcilcil-ir-a, maSin advilad aixsneba Ziriseu-

li xmovnis sigrZe.

ase rom, specialur literaturaSi (Cuxua 2000-

2003:337) gamoTqmuli mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom svanuri

cilcilcilcil (`kani, qerqi~) da qarTuli (imeruli) cilcilcilcil-i (`gogris an

sazamTros kanis TeTri nawili~) leqsemebisTvis amosavali un-

da iyos SiSina sibilantis Semcveli varianti (*CilCilCilCil), mTlad

simarTles ar unda Seesabamebodes, radganac, rogorc davina-

xeT, qarTvelur enebSi cilcilcilcil-i da cilcilcilcil-a istoriulad sinonime-

bi Cans (bolos da bolos `cila~-c xom `kania, gamWvirvale ma-

saa kvercxis gulis garSemo~, is nawilia, romelic s-cilcilcilcil-d-eb-

a, e-clclclcl-eb-a kvercxis guls?), romlebic yvela qarTvelur enaSi

swored sisina sibilantiTaa warmodgenili.

vidre llll>rrrr TanxmovanTgadawevis sakiTxs sagangebod ar Se-

viswavliT svanurSi, manamde sruliad bunebrivia, gaviziaroT

specialur literaturaSi (Cuxua 2000-2003:18) gamoTqmuli

mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom llll>rrrr fakultatiuri fonetikuri

procesia svanurSi, romelic ar aris Sepirobebuli garkveuli

poziciiT. amitom, vfiqrobT, rom rogorc cilcilcilcil----////circircircir- Ziris,

ise le-Êæ----a/ re-Êæ-a leqsemis SemTxvevaSi llll>rrrr meoreuli, Seda-

rebiT gviandeli procesi Cans.

m a n a n a C a C a n i Z em a n a n a C a C a n i Z em a n a n a C a C a n i Z em a n a n a C a C a n i Z e

diferenciulidiferenciulidiferenciulidiferenciuli niSani leqsikografiaSi niSani leqsikografiaSi niSani leqsikografiaSi niSani leqsikografiaSi _ _ _ _ VVVV.... iiii. . . . karaulovis leqsikonTa parametrulikaraulovis leqsikonTa parametrulikaraulovis leqsikonTa parametrulikaraulovis leqsikonTa parametruli analizis meTodikaanalizis meTodikaanalizis meTodikaanalizis meTodika

leqsikografiis Teoriasa da praqtikaSi diferenciuli

niSnis gansazRvris gzaze principuli mniSvnelobisa aRmoCnda

leqsikonTa parametruli analizis meTodika, romlis Semomta-

nic aris cnobili mkvlvari i. karaulovi. leqsikografiis fun-

damenturi kanonzomierebebis kvlevam, leqsikologiisa da ide-

42

ografiis yvelaze mwvave problemebis analizma (dawyebuli kar-

toTekaTa SedgeniT, saleqsikono saqmis leqsikologiuri uz-

runvelyofiT da damTavrebuli leqsikis manqanuri damuSave-

biT) mkvlevars biZgi misca SeeniSna da Seeswavla Tanamedrove

leqsikografiuli praqtikis erTi mZlavri tendencia, rasac

man enis leqsikografiuli parametrizacia uwoda. am kvlevis

safuZvelze Seiqmna kidec leqsikonTa parametruli analizis

meTodika (vrclad ix. m. CaCaniZe: 1) enis leqsikografiuli mo-

deli da lingvistur monacemTa bazebi. gelaTis mecnierebaTa

akademiis Jurnali, 1. quTaisi, 2005; gv. 18-27, 2) kompiuteru-

li leqsikografia da leqsikonTa tipologiis sakiTxi. gela-

Tis mecnierebaTa akademiis Jurnali, 7. quTaisi, 2006; gv. 40-

45).

i. karaulovis azriT, parametruli analizis pirobebSi,

leqsikografiuli praqtikis Tanaxmad da leqsikonTa tipolo-

giis agebis mizniT, umTavresia leqsikonTa tipebis gansazRvra

leqsikonTa wyaroebisa da adresatebis Sesabamisad:

wyaro ←← leqsikoni →→ adresati

sabolood miviRebT leqsikonTa or centralur tips: a)

lingvocentrulsa da b) anTropocentruls.

xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom Tumca i. karaulovs es sa-

klasifikacio sistema aRar gauRrmavebia da ufro gamokveTili

saxiT ar moucia leqsikonTa klasifikacia, mis mier Semota-

nilma da damkvidrebulma leqsikografiuli parametris cnebam

da leqsikonTa parametruli analizis meTodikam saetapo ro-

li Seasrula momdevno periodis Teoriuli leqsikografiis

aqtualuri problemebis damuSavebaSi, axal tipologiaTa age-

baSi da rac yvelaze Rirebulia, enobriv monacemTa damuSave-

bis Tanamedrove etapze leqsikonTa parametruli analizis me-

Todika metad qmediTi aRmoCnda kompiuteruli leqsikografiis

TvalsazrisiTac.

43

a l e q s i y i n y aa l e q s i y i n y aa l e q s i y i n y aa l e q s i y i n y a r ar ar ar a uuuu l il il il i

`̀̀̀vevevevefxisfxisfxisfxistyatyatyatyaososososnisnisnisnis~ ~ ~ ~ mTamTamTamTavar gmivar gmivar gmivar gmirebs merebs merebs merebs metsatsatsatsaxexexexelelelelebi bi bi bi `̀̀̀tatatatariariariaria~~~~ da da da da `̀̀̀nesnesnesnestantantantanjarjarjarjar~ ~ ~ ~ ininininterterterterpopopopolalalalatortortortorma dama dama dama daararararqvaqvaqvaqva

1. `vefxistyaosanSi~ tarieli taria-d Secvlilia 10 (aT)

strofSi, nestan-darejani nestanjar-ad 2 (or) strofSi. 2. moxsenebaSi dasabuTebelia am strofebis CanarToba.

3. CanarTia poemis is monakveTi, sadac viTom tarieli da

avTandili daoben, qajeTidan dabrunebis Semdeg jer arabeTSi

unda mividnen Tu indoeTSi?

4. am monakveTSi 22 (ocdaori) aseTi strofi aRiricxeba.

amrigad, tariaian da nestanjarian strofebTan erTad, poemis

ZiriTad teqsts unda moscildes 34 (ocdaToTxmeti) strofi.

tariels poemaSi misi axloblebi, poemis mTavari gmirebi

viTom moferebiT saxels `taria~-s ar eZaxian, e. i. es Tikuni

interpolatorTa mogonilia da mxolod isini iyeneben.

44

proproproproeqeqeqeqti ti ti ti `̀̀̀mTis kavmTis kavmTis kavmTis kavkakakakasisisisiuuuuri eneri eneri eneri enebi sabi sabi sabi saqarqarqarqarTveTveTveTvelolololoSiSiSiSi~~~~. . . . IIIIIIII

proeqti xorcieldeba qarTvelologiis, humanitaruli

da socialuri mecnierebis fondSi (rusTavelis fondi) mopo-vebuli #026-08 grantis meSveobiT.

v av av av a j a S ej a S ej a S ej a S e n g en g en g en g e l i al i al i al i a sasasasagrangrangrangranto proto proto proto proeqteqteqteqtze muze muze muze muSaSaSaSaoooobis mebis mebis mebis meoooore wlisre wlisre wlisre wlis ((((VVVV----VIIIVIIIVIIIVIII kvar kvar kvar kvartaletaletaletalebibibibi) ) ) ) SeSeSeSededededegegegegebis Sebis Sebis Sebis Sesasasasaxebxebxebxeb

saangariSo wels gaTvaliswinebuli iKo eqvsive sakvlevi enobrivi erTeulis (baTumel afxazTa metKveleba, CeCnuri enis qisturi dialeqti, wova-TuSuri ena, xunZuri enis anwuxuri dialeqti, bejituri ena, udiuri ena) morfologiis sakiTxebis kvleva ukve arsebuli da axlad mopovebuli masalis safuZvelze.

memememexuxuxuxuTe kvarTe kvarTe kvarTe kvartaltaltaltalSiSiSiSi gaTvaliswinebuli iKo saxelTan da-

kavSirebuli sakiTxebis damuSaveba. baTumel afxazTa metKvelebaze muSaobas ganagrZobda nananananananana

mamamamayayayayavavavavaririririaaaanininini, kerZod, mexuTe kvartalSi damuSavda arsebiTi sa-xelis morfologiis sakiTxebi. rogorc cnobilia, afxazurs ZiriTadi brunvebi ar gaaCnia, xolo moqmedebiTi da viTarebi-Ti brunvebi CamoKalibebis stadiaSia. samagierod, arsebiT sa-xels moepoveba kuTvnilebis specifikuri kategoria, romelic asrulebs kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelis rols da gamoixateba pirisa da klasis mixedviT cvalebadi prefiqsebiT. KuradGeba gamaxvilda am kategoriis funqcionirebaze sakvlev enobriv erTeulSi.

rosrosrosrostom fatom fatom fatom farererereuuuulilililiZem Zem Zem Zem warmoadgina arsebiTi saxelis ana-

45

lizi CeCnuri enis qisturi dialeqtis monacemTa safuZvelze. ganxilulia gramatikuli klasis sakiTxi, brunebisa (brunvaTa sistema, ZiriTadi da Tandebuliani brunvebi) da mravlobiTi ricxvis warmoebis Taviseburebani. Kvela sakiTxi ganxilulia CeCnur saliteraturo enasTan Sedareba-SepirispirebiT.

lalalalatavtavtavtavra sara sara sara saninininikkkkiiiiZemZemZemZem ganixila wova-TuSuri (bacburi) enis arsebiTi saxelis brunebisa da mravlobiTi ricxvis warmoebis sakiTxebi, brunebis tipebi, gramatikuli klasis funqcionire-bis Taviseburebani.

mopovebuli dialeqturi masalisa da specialuri lite-raturis analizis safuZvelze lelelelevan azvan azvan azvan azmamamamaiiiifafafafaraSraSraSraSvilvilvilvilmamamama daamu-Sava Kvarlis raionis sofel TivSi warmodgenili xunZuri enis anwuxuri dialeqtis gramatikuli klasisa da ricxvis, brune-bis procesis, ZiriTad da adgilobiT brunvaTa funqcionire-bis sakiTxebi saliteraturo enis monacemebTan SedarebiT, ag-reTve, zedsarTavi da ricxviTi saxelebis, nacvalsaxelis Tavi-seburebani.

nonononodar ardar ardar ardar ardodododotetetetelislislislis analizis sagani iKo gramatikuli klasis funqcionirebis, brunvaTa Sedgenilobisa da brunebis procesis, mravlobiTi ricxvis warmoebis sakiTxebi bejitur enaSi.

rorororoman loman loman loman lolulululuamamamam gaanaliza udiuri enis arsebiTi saxelis struqturisa da sitKvawarmoebis, brunebisa da mravlobiTi ricxvis warmoebis Taviseburebani.

memememeeqvse kvareqvse kvareqvse kvareqvse kvartaltaltaltalSiSiSiSi Catarda udetrebis anu e. w. damxmare

metKvelebis nawilebis (zmnisarTi, Tandebuli, nawilaki...) struqturul-semantikuri analizi eqvsive sakvlevi enobrivi erTeulis monacemTa gaTvaliswinebiT.

memememeSvide kvarSvide kvarSvide kvarSvide kvartatatatalililili daeTmo zmnuri kategoriebis analizsa

(gramatikuli klasi, piri, kauzativi, potencialisi...) da pre-verbTa funqcionirebis sakiTxTa analizs.

Koveli kvartalis bolos proeqtis monawileebma warmo-

46

adgines saTanado samuSaoebi da muSaobis individualuri anga-riSebi, romelTa safuZvelze Sedga kvartaluri gaerTianebuli angariSebi. Sesrulebuli samuSaoebis, gaerTianebuli angariSe-bis eleqtronuli versia da kompaqt-diskze Setanili enobrivi masala, agreTve, sxva sayiro dokumentacia gaTvaliswinebul va-daSi waredgina rusTavelis fonds.

meSvide kvartalSi Catarda samecniero eqspediciebi ad-

gilze masalis mosapoveblad (n. mayavariani _ baTumi, r. fare-uliZe _ pankisis xeoba, l. sanikiZe _ axmetis raionis sofeli zemo alvani, l. azmaifaraSvili _ Kvarlis raionis sofeli Tivi, n. ardoteli _ imave raionis soflebi saruso da CantlisKure, r. lolua _ sofeli oqtomberi), masala Caweri-lia rogorc xeliT, ise diqtofonze da videokameriT.

memememerve kvarrve kvarrve kvarrve kvartaltaltaltalSiSiSiSi ivaraudeba dasruldes zmnis morfo-

logiis sakiTxebis ganxilva, kerZod, warmodgenili iqneba dro-kiloTa analizi warmoebisa da semantikis TvalsazrisiT.

institutis samecniero sesiaze sagranto proeqtis monawi-

leni warmoadgenen proeqtis TemasTan dakavSirebul moxsenebebs.

n an an an a n a m an a m an a m an a m a W aW aW aW a v av av av a r ir ir ir i aaaa n in in in i babababaTuTuTuTumel afxazmel afxazmel afxazmel afxazTa meTa meTa meTa metyvetyvetyvetyvelelelelebbbbis Sesaxebis Sesaxebis Sesaxebis Sesaxeb. . . . IIIIIIII

cocxal dialeqtTa da TqmaTa monacemebi saimedo wyaroa

enis istoriuli ganviTarebis suraTis aRsadgenad. axaldamwer-

lobiani afxazuri enis istoria unda aRdges dialeqtologii-

sa da monaTesave enebis monacemTa gaTvaliswinebiT, amitom na-

klebad Seswavlili Tqmebis (kiloebis) gamokvleva aris afxazu-

47

ri enis ganviTarebis gzis ukeT Seswavlis aqtualuri amocana.

im baTumel afxazTa metyveleba, romlebic as welze me-

tia mowyvetilni arian afxazur dialeqtTa gavrcelebis Ziri-

Tad teritorias, iZleva Zvirfas masalas afxazuri enis isto-

riis gasaTvaliswineblad.

enobrivi monacemebi swrafad eqvemdebareba cvlilebas,

gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac esa Tu is ena gansxvavebul enob-

riv samyaroSia moqceuli.

2009 wlis pirveli kvartalSi warmodgenili iqna afxa-

zuri enis arsebiTi saxelis morfologiis analizi; meore

kvartalSi damuSavda zmnisarTis, Tandebulis, nawilakisa da

Sorisdebulis struqturisa da semantikis sakiTxebi; mesame

kvartali daeTmo zmnis warmoqmnis kategoriebis analizs. muSa-

oba Catarda arsebuli samecniero literaturis kritikuli

analizisa da, agreTve, Cven mier axlad mopovebuli savele

enobrivi masalis safuZvelze. yuradGeba gamaxvilda baTumel

afxazTa metyvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel araerT Taviseburebaze.

proeqtis farglebSi 2009 wlis mesame kvartalSi, samecnie-

ro grantiT gaTvaliswinebuli samuSaos farglebSi 7. 06. 09. _

24. 07. 09 mivlinebiT vimyofebodi q. baTumSi, sadac vakvirde-

bodi aWaraSi mcxovreb afxazTa metyvelebas.

Cemi informatorebi iyvnen: agirba naira (50 wlis), Camba

feride (88 wlis), aSanba nazi (70 wlis), musxajba suri

(71 wlis), abdiba liuda (55 wlis), abdiba venera (56 wlis),

aveCba ciala (70 wlis).

maTgan Caviwere afxazuri metyvelebis nimuSebi: zRaprebi,

frazebi, andazebi (audio da videomasala, romelsac warmovad-

gen samecniero konferenciaze).

amJamad mopovebul masalas vamuSaveb.

48

r o sr o sr o sr o s t o m f at o m f at o m f at o m f a r er er er e uuuu l il il il i Z eZ eZ eZ e

qarqarqarqarTuTuTuTulilililidan nadan nadan nadan nasessessessesxexexexebi drobi drobi drobi drois aGmniis aGmniis aGmniis aGmniSvneSvneSvneSvnelililili leqleqleqleqsisisisika qiska qiska qiska qisturturturturSiSiSiSi

1. drois aGniSvnasTan dakavSirebuli leqsika naxur eneb-

sa da dialeqtebSi Seswavlili aqvs i. aliroevs. miuxedavad amisa, qisturSi dasturdeba iseTi leqsemebic, romlebic i. aliroevis naSromebSi ar gvxvdeba. naTqvami exeba ZiriTadad qarTulidan nasesxeb leqsikas.

2. rogorc CeCnur salit. enasa da dialeqtebSi, maT So-ris qisturSic, gamoiKofa qarTulidan nasesxebi kviris dGeTa aGmniSvneli saxelebi, rogoricaa:

CeCnuri qisturi …orS…oT …orC…oT º …arC…aT òrSabaTi~ pŠraska pŠresk º p’resk `paraskevi~ S…oT SoaT º S…oT `SabaTi~ kira kirah´ º kir `kvira~ kiran d�e kiran d�e º kirahán d�e `kvira dGe~ aGniSnuli faqti SeniSnuli aqvs Jer kidev s. JanaSias.

CamoTvlili sitKvebi CeCnurSi Zvel nasesxobebs warmoadgenen. 3. CeCnurSi TveTa saxelebad gamoKenebulia rusulidan

nasesxebi saxelebi. magaliTad: январ // январь-бутт ìanvari º ianvris Tve~ da a. S. qisturSi TveTa saxelebi, qisturisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli

fonetikuri variantebis saxiT, qarTulidan aris nasesxebi: ien…or º ien…or buTT ìanvari º ianvris Tve~ mais º mais buTT `maisi º maisis Tve~ seqtember º seqtember buTT `seqtemberi º seqtembris Tve~... garda amisa, xandazmulTa metKvelebaSi dasturdeba Tve-

Ta aGmniSvneli Zveli qarTuli saxelebic, rogoricaa (ivnisi-dan dekembris CaTvliT):

49

TibaT º TibaT buTT `TibaTve º TibaTvis Tve~ kaTaT º kaTaT buTT `mkaTaTve º mkaTaTvis Tve~... m’r�em buTT `mariamobis Tve~... qriSob º qriSob buTT `qristeSobis Tve~ 4. qisturSi qarTulidan nasesxebia, agreTve: saaT `saaTi~ (Sdr. CeCnuri s a h ´ T ) wuT `wuTi~ (Sdr. CeCnuri minuT < rusulidan) wam `wami~ (Sdr. CeCnuri sequnda < rusulidan)... 5. qisturSi qarTulis kalkebs warmoadgenen: merTxa (marT `sauzme~+xa) `sadilobis dro~ fh´{u}�erxa (fh´…or º fh´�ar `vaxSami~+xa) `vaxSmobis dro~ Sdr. CeCnuri: marTa da'a `sauzmis yama~ (sauzmoba) d�elKana huma �a'a `SuadGes ramis yama~ (sadiloba) fh´…or da'a `vaxSmis yama~ (vaxSmoba) naSromSi aris msJeloba im fonetikur movlenebze, rom-

lebic Tavs iCenen leqsikis am nawilis qarTulidan qisturSi sesxebis dros.

l al al al a t a vt a vt a vt a v r a s ar a s ar a s ar a s a n in in in i k ik ik ik i Z eZ eZ eZ e ininininterterterterfefefeferenrenrenrenciciciciis eris eris eris erTi SeTi SeTi SeTi SemTxvemTxvemTxvemTxvevavavava wowowowovavavava----TuTuTuTuSur enaSur enaSur enaSur enaSiSiSiSi

wova-TuSur-qarTuli xangrZlivi enobrivi urTierTobis

Sedegad wova-TuSurSi Tavs iCens interferentuli faqtebi. rogorc cnobilia, enis morfologia naklebad ganicdis

interferentul cvlilebebs. specialur literaturaSi dadas-turebulia interferenciis magaliTebi wova-TuSuri enis m o r f o l o g i a S i c (d. imnaiSvili, k. yrelaSvili, m. miqe-

50

laZe...). am mxriv KuradGebas iqcevs wova-TuSur enaSi viviviviTaTaTaTarererere----bis zmnibis zmnibis zmnibis zmnisarsarsarsarTiTiTiTi da viTarebiTiviTarebiTiviTarebiTiviTarebiTi zedzedzedzedsarsarsarsarTaTaTaTavi savi savi savi saxexexexelililili....

CaCaCaCaCnur enaCnur enaCnur enaCnur enasasasasa da ininininguguguguSurSurSurSurSiSiSiSi viTarebiTi zedsarTavi saxe-lis saxelobiT (wrfelobiT) brunvasa da viTarebis zmnisarTs s a e r T o f o r m a aqvs:

CaCn.-inguS. aTá ìoli, iolad~, diqa `kargi, kargad~; da�n `msubuqi, msubuqad~; m‰sa, Cexqa `swrafi, swrafad~; loxa `dabali, dabla~; wen– `sufTa, sufTad~; CaCn. Ti�na, ing. sabar `Cumi, Cumad~; CaCn. xaza, ing. xoza `lamazi, lamazad~; CaCn. von, ing. vo `cudi, cudad~...

viTarebiT zedsarTavsa da viTarebis zmnisarTs Soris f u n q c i u r i g a n s x v a v e b a daCndeba w i n a d a d e b a -S i: erTi da igive forma zedsarTavi saxelis funqciiT, Cveu-lebriv, saxelTan qmnis sintagmas, zmnisarTis mniSvnelobiT _ zmnasTan (metwilad), zedsarTav saxelTan, zmnisarTTan. mag., CaCn. a T ´ a 1. (arsebiT saxelTan) ìoli~: aTá (zedsarTavi sa-xeli) ìoli~ zadaCa (arsebiTi saxeli) àmocana~ _ ìoli amo-cana~; a T ´ a 2. (zmnasTan) ìolad~: i zadaCa aTá (zmnisarTi) ìolad~ �alo (zmna) àmoixsneba~ _ ès amocana iolad amoix-sneba~.

ing. d i j a 1. (arsebiT saxelTan) `neli~: dija (zedsar-Tavi saxeli) `neli~ xi� (arsebiTi saxeli) `mdinare~ _ `neli mdinare~; d i j a 2. (zmnasTan) `nela~: dija (zmnisarTi) `nela~ doaGa (zmna) miedineba xi� _ `nela miedineba mdinare~.

wowowowovavavava----TuTuTuTuSurSurSurSurSiSiSiSi, , , , C a C n u r - i n g u S u r i s a g a n g a n -s x v a v e b i T, zmnizmnizmnizmnisarsarsarsarTi zedTi zedTi zedTi zedsarsarsarsarTaTaTaTavi savi savi savi saxexexexelilililisasasasagan forgan forgan forgan formimimimiTac Tac Tac Tac

gangangangansxvavsxvavsxvavsxvavdedededebabababa:::: atá¹ àdvili~ _ atá�S (< atáiS) àdvilad~; Gaze¹ `kargi~ _ GaziS (< GazeiS) `kargad~; mawri¹ `tkbili~ _ mawriS `tkbilad~; davi¹ `msubuqi~ _ daviS `msubuqad~; yaGo¹ `magari~ _ yaGoS `magrad~; laxu¹ `dabali~ _ laxuS `dabla~; Sori¹ `ganieri~ _ SoriS `ganivrad~; daƒo¹ `didi~ _ daƒu�S `didad~...

viTarebis zmnisarTs -{iSiSiSiS} sufiqsi awarmoebs viTarebiTi zedsarTavi saxelisagan: mag., zeds. sax. `didi~ _ daƒo¹

51

(< daƒon) + iS > zmnisarTs _ `didad~ _ daƒu�S (< daƒo�S < daƒoiS)...

v i T a r e b i T i z e d s a r T a v i s a x e l i s a da v i T a r e b i s z m n i s a r T i s didididifefefeferenrenrenrenciciciciaaaacia wocia wocia wocia wovavavava----TuTuTuTuSurSurSurSur----

Si qarSi qarSi qarSi qarTulTulTulTulTan Tan Tan Tan i n t e r f e r e n c i i s S e d e g i u n d a i K o s. aq (wova-TuSurSi) qarTulis msgavsi viTareba gvaqvs _ viTarebis zmnisarTi iwarmoeba viTarebiTi zedsarTavisagan, Tumca mawarmoeblebi wova-TuSursa da qarTulSi gansxvavebu-lia: wova-TuSurSi viTarebis zmnisarTis sufiqsi -{iSiSiSiS}, rome-lic igivea, rac saerTo-naxuri awmKo-mKofadis absolutivis (gerundivis) afiqsi -iSiSiSiS (a. Sifneri...), qarTulisaTvis ucxoa. am rigis interferentuli cvlileba, _ struqturuli da ara _ materialuri, _ morfologiis doneze kanonzomieria.

l el el el e v a n a zv a n a zv a n a zv a n a z m am am am a iiii f af af af a r a Sr a Sr a Sr a S v iv iv iv i l i l i l i l i

rrrr---- Tav Tav Tav TavsarsarsarsarTiTiTiTiaaaani zmneni zmneni zmneni zmnebi xunbi xunbi xunbi xunZurZurZurZurSiSiSiSi

xunZuri enis morfologiaSi, aGweriTi da istoriuli

TvalsazrisiTac, erT-erT saintereso elementad warmogvidgeba prefiqsi rrrr-. rogorc cnobilia, istoriulad igi warmoadgenda xunZur enaSi aw ukve gamqrali IV gramatikuli klasis niSans, Tumca funqciaSecvlili saxiT es rrrr- prefiqsi kvlavac ganag-rZobs arsebobas rogorc klasniSniani zmnebis mravlobiTi ri-cxvis niSani da agreTve gvevlineba klasniSnian zmnaTagan arse-biT saxelTa mawarmoeblad.

xunZur enaSi gvxvdeba iseTi zmnebi, romlebsac anlautSi amjamad oden rrrr- TavsarTi moudiT, Tumca uwin mis nacvlad klasisa da ricxvis cvalebadi niSnebi unda hqonodaT. aseTi zmnebia, magaliTad:

rrrr-etine `Cacma~ (Sdr. rrrr-etel `tanisamosi~):

52

unago nuxda has´da co l»ík retel-x½iT r e t a r a v Ci dandyvanila `modioda ra gzaze, amas erTi kargad tanisamos-fexsacmel Cacmuli kaci Sexvedria~ (xunZ. zGaprebi, 1990, 59)...

mimGeobis forma aq wesiT III klasis bbbb- niSniani unda KofiliKo: *b-etarav;

rrrr----eStine `Camosvla~, `CamoqveiTeba~; rrrr-ekine àmxedreba~: jabra„el malaÁiq r e S t u n vugo zodisá `Jabrail an-

gelozi Camovida zecidan~ (uslari, 1889, ganK. II, 174); vas r e S t a n i l a, emen hámida r e k a n i l a `vajiSvi-

li CamoqveiTebula, mama virze amxedrebula~ (xunZ. zGaprebi, 1990, 59)...

mosalodneli iKo vvvv- klasis niSniani (I kl.) formebi: *v-eStun, *v-eStanila, *v-ekanila;

rrrr-ixine `SeZuleba~: aljanalda jani� jauhar „adina�, sundal»un vot¾ulev

duda r i x a r a Á? `samoTxis margalitis msgavsi [qali], ris gamo var saKvarelo [vajo] Sengan SeZulebuli?~ (uslari, 1889, ganK. II, 15)...

aq mimGeobis forma II klasis �---- niSniani unda KofiliKo: *�-ixaraÁ;

rrrr-el»íne `msgavseba~: „orwen hámida r e l» ´ a r a b háÁvan bugo `Jori viris

msgavsi cxoveli aris~ (Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962)... mimGeobis am formaSi bunebrivi iqneboda III klasis bbbb-

niSani: *b-el»árab; rrrr----exíze `gadagdeba~: bakab raCí baCún hálgi Sun, Kinl»ize �ikara� hal»´

l»imer r e x ´ u n bugo `mZime tvirTis tarebiT Zala daadga-ra, samSobiarod mKofs mas [qals] bavSvi gauvarda~ (zGaprebi, 1990, 71)...

namKos absolutivis forma aq unda KofiliKo bbbb---- (III kl.) niSniani: *b-exún;

rrrr-eyíze `srola~, `dacema~, `datakeba~: hes´da tad r e y ´ u n, nuqar xun vugo, misqinav vas yago

53

xútun vugo `mas zed daeca-ra, nuqeri mokvda, sawKali biyi cocxali darCa (xunZ. zGaprebi, 1990, 72)...

aq ki namKos absolutivis forma I klasis vvvv---- niSniT unda gvqonoda: *v-eyun...

amdagvari zmnebi sxvac daiZebneba. gansakuTrebiT damaxasi-aTebeli Cans es rrrr---- TavsarTiani formebi Crdilouri xunZuri-saTvis, xolo samxrul dialeqtebSi moipoveba zmnebi, romel-Tac, saliteraturo xunZurisagan gansxvavebiT, klasis niSnebi SenarCunebuli aqvT.

anwuxur dialeqtSi, magaliTad, saliteraturo zmnas rrrr----ahize (`gaGeba~, mag., nuwá rahana `kari gaiGo~) efardeba bbbb----ahzi, mag., nuwá bahzi `karis gaGeba~, mr. r. nuwíl rahzi `ka-rebis gaGeba~... Tumca isic aGsaniSnavia, rom paralelurad Se-iZleba rrrr---- TavsarTiani formac gvxvdebodes mxoloobiT ricxv-Si, magaliTad, sof. Tivis (kaxeTi, Kvarlis r-ni) anwuxelTa metKvelebaSi: babad nuwá raharabgu Timal dandi reqeru S´va `dedam kari gaaGo Tu ara, bavSvebi misken gamoiqcnen~... TviTon saliteraturo xunZurSic (resp. Crdilour xunZurSi) amjamad moipoveba klasniSniani formebi rrrr-ahize (`gaGeba~) zmnisa, oGond sainteresoa, rom am formebs ramdenadme gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobebi aqvT, mag., vvvv----ahize (I kl.), ��-ahize (II kl.) `KuradGebis mipKroba~. igive zmna bbbb---- klasis niSniT (bbbb-ahize) aGniSnavs `cxadKofas~, àGmoCenas~. misi sxva mniSvnelobebia: `garGveva~, `gaxvreta~, `gaxeva~, `gacveTa~. saerTod rom iTqvas, xunZuri leqsika metad sainteresoa polisemiisa Tu sxva seman-tikur movlenaTa TvalsazrisiT rogorc saliteraturo enaSi, ise dialeqtebSi. dGeisaTvis araerTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxi am mxriv Seuswavlelia.

saliteraturo xunZursa da dialeqtTa met nawilSi am-jamad oden rrrr- TavsarTiania zmna rrrr-axaze `daxurva~, `daketva~; mag., nuwá raxaze `karis daxurva~. bbbb---- klasis niSniani SesatKvi-si forma am zmnisa anwuxurSia dadasturebuli: bbbb-aházi (f. sa-idova, xunZ. dial. leqs., 2008). sof. Tivis anwuxur metKvele-baSi moipoveba agreTve klasniSniani SesatKvisi formebi sali-

54

teraturo xunZuris rrrr- TavsarTiani zmnisa rrrr-ixine `SeZuleba~; aq iTqmis: vvvv----ih´zi (I kl.), ��----ih´zi (II kl.)...

aseve, lit. rrrr-eStine `Camosvla~, Sdr. andalaluri vvvv-eStde (I kl.), ��----eStde (II kl.), bbbb-eStde (III kl.), rrrr-eStde (mr. r.); lit. rrrr-exíze `gadagdeba~, Sdr. anwux. vvvv-ex´zi (I kl.), ��-ex´zi (II kl.), bbbb----ex´-zi (III kl.), rrrr-ex´zi (mr.r.) da sxv. zogierT zmnas rrrr---- ukve sabolood damkvidrebia rogorc saliteraturo enaSi (Crdilour xunZurSi), ise dialeqtebSic, mag., rrrr-etine `Cacma~, rrrr----ekine àmxedreba~, rrrr-eyíze `srola~, rrrr----ukíne `dabneleba~, rrrr----ohine `gaTeneba~... (miqailovi, 1964).

ras unda gamoewvia rrrr---- TavsarTis gabatoneba da mis mier klasis niSanTa nivelireba? aq unda aGiniSnos, upirveles Kov-lisa, im funqciur-semantikuri datvirTvis Sesaxeb, rac rrrr---- prefiqss xunZur enaSi moepoveba saerTod, kerZod, misi meSveo-biT sitKvas ganKenebuli mniSvneloba eZleva xolme; es Tval-naTliv Cans, magaliTad, klasniSnian zmnaTagan warmoebul ab-straqtul arsebiT saxelebSi, romlebic, rogorc wesi, anla-utSi rrrr---- prefiqss dairTaven xolme: rrrr----ot¾i `siKvaruli~ (Sdr. amosavali zmna I kl. vvvv-ot¾ize, II kl. ÁÁÁÁ-ot¾ize, III kl. bbbb----ot¾ize `Kvareba~), rrrr-oxí `sixaruli~ (Sdr. I kl. vvvv-oxíze, II kl. ��-oxíze, III kl. bbbb----oxíze `gaxareba~), rrrr-aKi `SimSili~ (Sdr. I kl. vvvv-aKize, II kl. ÁÁÁÁ-aKize, III kl. bbbb----aKize `moSieba~) da sxva. safiq-rebelia, rom klasniSnian zmnebSi afiqsuri mravalferovnebis moSla unda asaxavdes amdagvar tendencias, saxeldobr, enis mi-swrafebas sitKvis mniSvnelobaTa ufro ganzogadebisaken. es tendencia xunZuri enisaTvis saerTod damaxasiaTebeli Cans, rasac sxva faqtebic gvimowmeben.

ase, magaliTad, analogiuri movlena rrrr afiqsis mier kla-sis niSanTa nivelirebisa SesamCnevia nacvalsaxelebSic: di-rrrr `Cemi~, du-rrrr `Seni~, neje-rrrr `Cveni~ (eqskl.), nele¶-rrrr `Cveni~ (inkl.), nojo-rrrr `Tqveni~. aqac rrrr ganzogadebuladaa gamoKenebu-li. specialur literaturaSi aGniSnulia, rom winaT unda gvqonoda di----vvvv, di----��, di-bbbb, di-rrrr, rogorc amjamad iTqmis andi-ur enaSi (Ciqobava, cercvaZe, 1962).

55

aseTive viTareba SeiniSneba calkeul zmnisarTebSi. maga-liTad:

cé-rrrr-eKad `guSinwin~. am zmnisarTisaTvis amosavalia klasniSniani forma: cé-vvvv-e

(I kl.), cé-ÁÁÁÁ-e (II kl.), cé-bbbb-e (III kl.), cé-rrrr-e (mr.) `win~; aq warmodgenili KadKadKadKad elementic zmnisarTia da misi mniSvnelobaa `dGisiT~; Sdr. Ko `dGe~.

savaraudod, r r r r---- TavsarTis Semcveli unda iKos agreTve zmnisarTi rrrr----ikád `Sors~.

sainteresoa, rom rrrr---- afiqsi moepoveba TavkidurSi zmni-sarTisagan warmoebul erT sitKvasac: rrrr----aKdal-l»i `xmeleTi~. igi ----llll»»»»iiii sufiqsis meSveobiTaa warmoqmnili amjamad aGar arse-buli zmnisarTisagan *baK-dal, romlis mniSvnelobac iKo `mze-ze~; Sdr. baK `mze~. aq ----daldaldaldal warmoadgens zmnisarTTa mawarmoe-bel sufiqss, mag., ix´-dal `gazafxulze~, Sdr. ix´ `gazafxuli~. TviTon sitKva rrrr----aKdal xunZur enaSi dGes ixmareba viTarebiT zmnisarTad da `gvalvianobis~ mniSvnelobiT iTqmis, mag., isana hanib raKdal bukana `wleuls aq gvalva iKo~. misganaa miGebu-li zedsarTavi saxelic: rrrr----aKdal-ab `gvalviani~, mag., raKdalab ri‡i `gvalviani zafxuli~ (saidovi, xunZ.-rus. leqs., 1967).

warmodgenil magaliTebSi saKuradGeboa is faqti, rom III klasis bbbb- niSans Senacvlebulia rrrr-: b-aK-dal > r-aK-dal. sxvaTa Soris, amis msgavsi movlena gvaqvs zmnaSi bbbb-aKvaze, masd. bbbb----aKva� `gaxmoba~, `gaSroba~, romelic aseve Sedgenilia `mzis~ aGmniSvneli sitKvisagan bbbb-aK < *b-a-Ko, Sdr. Ko `dGe~ (Ciqobava, 1942). mravlobiTi forma am zmnisa aris rrrr-aKvaze, masd. rrrr-aKva� `gaxmoba, gaSroba mravlisa~. ufro metic, igi I da II klasis niSnebsac ki dairTavs, Tu adamianis gaSrobas Seexeba saubari: inf. vvvv----aKvaze, masd. vvvv-aKva� (I kl.); inf. ��-aKvaze, masd. ��-aKva� (II kl.). cxadia, ase xdeba imitom, rom sitKvis Semadge-neli b-aK fuZe mniSvnelobiT aGar udris `mzes~, anu saqme gvaqvs fuZis desemantizaciasTan. igive ram SeiZleba iTqvas rrrr----aKdal-l»i da rrrr-aKdal leqsemaTa Sesaxebac, romelTa warmo-mavloba `mzis~ aGmniSvneli b-aK fuZisagan eyvs ar iwvevs.

56

n o d a r a r d o t e l i sasasasaxexexexelulululuri komri komri komri kompopopopozizizizitetetetebis warmobis warmobis warmobis warmoeeeebabababa bebebebejijijijitur enatur enatur enatur enaSiSiSiSi

1. bejituri ena sarelacio formebis simdidris pirobeb-Si, sxva monaTesave enaTa analogiurad, sitKvawarmoebiTi saSu-alebebiT Garibia. miuxedavad amisa, dasturdeba sxvadasxvagva-rad nawarmoebi saxeluri kompozitebi. ZiriTadad unda gair-Ces: a) ororororkomkomkomkompopopoponennennennentitititiaaaani Seni Seni Seni SeererererTeTeTeTebibibibiTi komTi komTi komTi kompopopopozizizizitetetetebibibibi (composita

copulativa), b) gangangangansazGvresazGvresazGvresazGvrebibibibiTiTiTiTi komkomkomkompopopopozizizizitetetetebibibibi (composita determinati-

va), g) kuTkuTkuTkuTvnivnivnivnilelelelebibibibiTiTiTiTi komkomkomkompopopopozizizizitetetetebibibibi (composita possessiva), d) zmnizmnizmnizmnisarsarsarsarTiTiTiTiaaaanininini komkomkomkompopopopozizizizitetetetebibibibi (composita adverbalia) da e) SoSoSoSo----

risrisrisrisdedededebubububulllliiiiaaaanininini komkomkomkompopopopozizizizitetetetebibibibi (composita interjectio) [Ciqobava 2008: 160-163; Ciqobava, cercvaZe 1962: 167-170; foCxua 1974: 101-103; van den bergi 1995: 54-56...].

2. SeerTebiTi kompozitebi iwarmoeba ori sxvadasxva sa-xelis meqanikuri SeerTebiT (resp. gaorkecebiT) kavSiris an ma-erTebeli xmovnis gareSe. kompozitTa didi nawili ori sru-luflebiani saxelis SeerTebiT miiGeba, mag.: sak. bej. h�l-mic `zne~, `xasiaTi~, `qceva~ (zedmiw. `saqme+ena~), hons-Kona `ramde-nime~ (zedmiw. èrTi-ori~), gedu-gudo `Sinauri frinveli~ (zedmiw. `kata+qaTami~), „orƒi-raƒ `sazGvari~ (zedmiw. `sazGva-ri+mxare~), �ako-Sebo `gul+GviZli~, qey-maKo `mxiaruleba~

(zedmiw. `simGera+cremli~)...; hunz. b–x-na ɺxu `Tiva-Cala~ (zed-miw. `Tiva+bze~), beterhan-aƒe `col-qmari~ (zedmiw. `qmar+co-

li), i�u-a‡a ɺbu `ded-mama~ (Sdr. sak. bej. abo-i�o `mama+deda~),

maɺKu-Kor `patara daTvis Tanavarskvlavedi~ (zedmiw. `crem-li+xafangi~), wulu-wanan `mSvild-isari~ (zedmiw. ìsar-mSvil-di~) da a. S.

3. kuTvnilebiTi (TvisebiTi) kompozitebi (composita pos-

sessiva) raime niSan-Tvisebis mqoneblobas gviCveneben da atribu-tuli semantika aqvT, mag.: lÀinl'is (< lÀina+l'i-s) `xuTwlia-

57

ni~ (zedmiw. `xuTi+wlis~), �ako-bawadab `gulwrfeli~ (zedmiw. `guli+wminda, sufTa~)...

4. gansazGvrebiT kompozitebSi (composita determinativa) Se-madgenel komponentebad gamoiKofa: a) ararararsesesesebibibibiTi saTi saTi saTi saxexexexeli li li li

msazGvremsazGvremsazGvremsazGvreladladladlad: : : : sak. bej. abo-i�o º abo-s i�o `bebia~ (zedmiw. `mamis deda~), ÷jdi-s qid1 `SviliSvili~ (zedmiw. `vajis+go-go~)...; hunz. ˆsdi-s oje `Zmiswuli~ (zedmiw. `Zmis+vaji~), …–-dis-…–do `dGe~ (zedmiw. `dGis+dGe~) da mr. sxv.; b) zedzedzedzedsarsarsarsarTaTaTaTa----

vi msazGvi msazGvi msazGvi msazGvrevrevrevreladladladlad: : : : mesedlÀeru-qid `mzeTunaxavi~ (zedmiw. òq-rosferi+gogo~), da„aba-bu…orog `moCxubari~ (zedmiw. `Cxub+ mkeTebeli~), kol'l'o-wuddo `muq-wiTeli~... zogJer meore komponentadac zedsarTavi saxelia, rac faqtobriv kompozici-is qvesaxeobas _ reduplikacias (gaorkecebas) eTanabreba [Sani-Ze 1980: 148-149]: kot-kottu `Zalian kargi~ (zedmiw. `karg-kar-gi~), bˆK-bˆKKu `didroni~ (zedmiw. `did-didi~) da a. S.

5. zmnisarTiani kompozitebis (composita adverbalia) warmoe-bisas zmnisarTi SeiZleba win uZGodes an mosdevdes ZiriTad komponents: a) win uZGvis: hunz. arto-zaman `winaT~ (zedmiw. `wina+dro~), �urGa-s–r�o ìorGa~ (zedmiw. ìorGa cxeni~)...; b) mosdevs: sak. bej. Ka�sadaƒ (< Ka�+sadaƒ) `megobari~ (zedmiw. `bina+erTad~)...

6. pirobiTad SeiZleba calke qveJgufad gamoiKos iseTi Sorisdebuliani kompozitebi, romlebic xmabaZviTobasTan (bgerweriTobasTan) arian dakavSirebuli: KiK-Kas `tkacuni~, `xraSuni~, al'e-al'e `tirili~ (godebis xmianoba), h�l�l-h�l�l àlal misi (iKos)~, wi�ap-wi�ap `wip, wip!~, ƒi-ƒi `xarxa-ri~, huru-hara� `xmauri~ (xmamaGali laparaki) da misT.

1 SeiZleboda amgvari erTeulebi SesitKvebad miCneuliKo,

magram amas xels uSlis maTi semantika _ maTi erT cnebad gaazreba.

58

r or or or o m a n l om a n l om a n l om a n l o l u al u al u al u a pipipipiris forris forris forris formantmantmantmantTa anaTa anaTa anaTa analilililizizizizisasasasaTvTvTvTvisisisis udiudiudiudiur enaur enaur enaur enaSiSiSiSi

samecniero literaturaSi tradiciulad miiCneoda, rom

udiur enaSi piris niSnebi, sxva iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa msgav-

sad, afiqsebs warmoadgenen. 2002 wels a. harisma axali Tval-

sazrisi warmogvidgina (Alice C. Harris., Endoclitics and the Origins of

Udi Morphosyntax, Oxford, 2002), romelic udiuri enis zogierTma

specialistmac gaiziara (v. Sulce, t. maisaki). am mosazrebis

mixedviT, udiuri enis piris niSnebi klitikebs warmoadgenen.

garda piris formantebisa, zmnis morfemaTagan aseTive kvali-

fikacia mieca kategoriul kilosa (iusivi an `nawilakovan-kav-SirebiTi I~ evg. jeiraniSvilis mixedviT) da pirobiT-natvriTi

kilos (`nawilakovan-kavSirebiTi II~ evg. jeiraniSvilis mixed-

viT) mawarmoeblebs -yayayaya- da -gigigigi--s da namyo droebis -�� mawarmo-

ebelsac.

aSkaraa, rom udiuri enis piris formantTa moqmedeba

xSir SemTxvevaSi uCveuloa afiqsTaTvis. piris niSnebi winada-

debaSi SesaZlebelia sxva metyvelebis nawilebs daerTon (arse-

biTi saxeli, zedsarTavi saxeli, nacvalsaxeli, zmnizeda, Tan-

debuli, nawilaki). Tu winadadebaSi Semasmeneli ar imyofeba

e. w. fokusSi (lambrexti 1994), maSin piris niSniT xdeba ara

zmnis markireba, aramed fokusSi myofi winadadebis nawilisa.

es, rogorc wesi, kiTxviTi da uaryofis gamomxatveli sityvebia

da is sityvebi, romlebic uSualod pasuxoben dasmul kiTxvas,

mag., Tu winaswar cnobili iyo, rom viRacam aiRo vaSli, maSin

winadadebaSi `bavSvma aiRo vaSli~, fokusSi moeqceva saxeli

`bavSvi~, rogorc naTqvamis momentSi araprognozirebadi da

logikurad auxsneli, da piris niSanic (-nenenene- III piris forman-

tia mxoloobiTSi) aseT SemTxvevaSi daerTvis ara zmnas (ài-

Ro~), aramed saxels (`bavSvi~):

59

„�el-en=nenenene ay-e eS-n-ux

bavSvi_ERG.=III SG. aReba_PERF. vaSli_O_DAT.

bavSvma aiRo vaSli. Cveulebriv TxrobiT winadadebaSi ki es fraza aseT saxes

miiRebs:

„�el-en a=nenenene====y-e eS-n-ux

bavSvi_ERG. aReba=III SG.=ST_PERF. vaSli_O_DAT.

bavSvma aiRo vaSli. aRsaniSnavia, rom leqsikuri mniSvneloba sityvisa, ro-

melsac daerTvis piris niSani, ar ganicdis cvlilebas.

zmnaSic piris niSans ar aqvs Camoyalibebuli pozicia.

erTsa da imave zmnaSi, erTi da igive piris formanti SeiZleba

imyofebodes sxvadasxva poziciaSi: statikur zmnebSi piris ni-

Sani, rogorc wesi, bolosaa, mag., bu-nenenene àris~; arci-nenenene `zis~; Curfi-nenenene `dgas~; baski-nenenene `wevs~; arci-Te-nenenene àr zis~...

gardamaval da gardauval dinamikur zmnebTan piris niSa-

ni gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva adgilas, mag., ba-nenenene-qsa, baqsa-nenenene àris xolme~, àrsebobs~, `xdeba~, Te-nenenene-baqsa àr aris xolme...~; e-nenenene-sa, esa-nenenene `modis~, Te-nenenene-esa àr modis~; aS-nenenene-b[e]sa, aSbesa-nenenene `muSaobs~, Te-nenenene-aSbesa àr muSaobs~...

zogjer piris niSnis poziciis SecvliT sityvis gramati-

kuli mniSvnelobac icvleba, mag., bo-nenenene-xsa `xarSavs~ _ box-nenenene-sa ìxarSeba~; bi-nenenene-xsa `Sobs~, `badebs~ _ bix-nenenene-sa ìbadeba~...

rodesac piris niSani fuZis momdevno poziciaze imyofe-

ba, is, rogorc wesi, bolokidur elementad gvevlineba, anda

iSviaTad SeiZleba imyofebodes zmnuri fuZis Semdeg, magram

win uswrebdes romelime mawarmoebels, mag., bix-nenenene-sa ìbadeba~, box-nenenene-sa ìxarSeba~.

fuZis wina poziciaze yofnisas piris niSani zmnis abso-

lutur dasawyisSi ar gvxvdeba: igi ueWvelad unda mosdevdes

sxva Tavkidur morfemas (rogorc wesi, es aris zmnaSi uaryo-

fis gamomxatveli elementebi _ TeTeTeTe-, mamamama- da nunununu-).

yvela rTuli agebulebis zmnaSi piris niSani SeiZleba

interfiqsur poziciaSi imyofebodes: is arauRvlilebad fuZe-

60

sa da meSvel zmnas Sorisaa, anu kompozitis komponentebs Sua

ikavebs adgils, mag., aS-b-es `muSaoba~ (aS `saqme~+ b-es `keTeba~) _

aS-nenenene-b[e]sa `muSaobs~; azaru-baq-es àvad gaxdoma~ (azaru àvadmyofi~, `sneuli~ + baq-es `yofa~, àrseboba~, `gaxdoma~) _

azaru-nenenene-baqsa àvad xdeba~, àvaddeba~... piris niSani martivi agebulebis zmnebSic gvevlineba in-

fiqsur poziciaSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi, igi fuZis bolo Tanxmov-

nis win ikavebs adgils anu zmnur fuZes xleCs, mag., baqbaqbaqbaq-es `yo-fa~, àrseboba~, `gaxdoma~ _ babababa-ne-qqqq-sa àris xolme~, `xdeba~;

akakakak-es `naxva~, `danaxva~, `gamoCena~ _ aaaa-tu-kkkk-sa `xedavs~; bixbixbixbix-es `Soba~, `dabadeba~ _ bibibibi-ne-xxxx-sa `Sobs~, `badebs~; eseseses-un `mo-

svla~_ eeee-ne-ssss-a `modis~... martivi agebulebis zmnebis umravle-

sobaSi piris niSans moepoveba infiqsuri pozicia. gamonakliss

warmoadgenen zmnebi bbbb-es `keTeba~ da ffff-es `Tqma~, romelTa fu-

Zec calkeuli Tanxmovnisagan Sedgeba da kidev ori zmna _ bubububu `yofna~, `qona~, `yola~ da bibibibi[��]-es `mokvdoma~.

Tu udiuri enis piris niSnebs klitikebad miviCnevT, aseT

SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs unikalur viTarebasTan: msoflios Se-

swavlil enaTagan arsad ar aris damowmebuli endoklitika (mag., klevansi 1979; misive 1985; krismani 1997 da sxva), anu

iseTi klitika, romelic sityvaformis, an miT ufro, morfemis

SigniT gvxvdeba.

vfiqrobT, diaqroniul WrilSi es viTareba unda aixsnas

imiT, rom udiurs klasovani uRvlilebidan pirovan uRvlile-

bamde gardamavali etapi unda gaevlo klasovan-pirovani uR-

vlilebis saxiT. amis Sesaxeb metyvelebs is, rom martivi agebu-

lebis zmnebSi fuZis gaxleCis SemTxvevaTa meti wili swored

gaqvavebuli klasis formantebis (babababa-, bibibibi-, bobobobo-, bobobobo ´́́́-, bubububu-, bu bu bu bu ´́́́-...)

Semdeg gvxvdeba, mag., bubububu=y-es `yvareba~, `survili~ _ bubububu=tutututu====y-sa

ùyvars~, `surs~; babababa====q-es `yofa~... _ babababa=nenenene=q-sa àris xolme...~;

bibibibi=y-es àSeneba~ _ bibibibi=nenenene=y-sa àSenebs~... zemoT CamoTvlili klasis gaqvavebuli formantebi amJa-

mad zmnis ZirTan Sezrdil morfemebs warmoadgenen da mxolod

Tvistomi enebis monacemTa safuZvelze SegviZlia davaskvnaT,

61

rom klasis gaqvavebul niSnebTan gvaqvs saqme. pirovani uRvli-

lebis Camoyalibebis Semdeg piris niSnebi jer kidev moqmedi

gramatikuli klas-kategoriis prefiqsebis Semdeg ikavebdnen

adgils da am klas-kategoriis moSlis Semdeg TiTqosda aRmo-

Cndnen erTiani zmnuri fuZis SigniT. gamomdinare iqidan, rom

udiurs istoriulad axasiaTebda monokonsonanturi zmnuri

Zirebi (amis Sesaxeb kavkasiis albanuri masalac metyvelebs),

pozicia fuZis bolo Tanxmovnis win aRqmul iqna rogorc pi-

ris niSnis adgili. vfiqrobT, amiT aixsneba fuZeTa gaxleCis is

magaliTebi, sadac gramatikuli klas-kategoriis gaqvavebuli

formanti ar gvxvdeba, mag., akakakak-es//akakakak-es-un `naxva~, `danaxva~,

`gamoCena~ _ aaaa-tu-kkkk-sa `xedavs~; eseseses-un `mosvla~ _ eeee-ne-ssss-a `mo-dis~ (am zmnas, safiqrebelia, rom fuZe saerTod dakarguli

aqvs)...

68-e samecniero sesiasamecniero sesia - ice.ge inst... · 68-e samecniero sesiasamecniero sesia...

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