arnold cinold ciqoqobabbaabavasvasvas ... sakitkhavebi/xxiv.pdf · 2 samecniero sesia gaimarteba...

ararararnold Cinold Cinold Cinold Ciqoqoqoqobabababavasvasvasvas

sasasasakikikikiTxaTxaTxaTxavevevevebibibibi

XXIV

1

ivane JavaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

arnold Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis instituti

ararararnold Cinold Cinold Cinold Ciqoqoqoqobabababavasvasvasvas sasasasakikikikiTxaTxaTxaTxavevevevebibibibi

XXIV

2013 wlis 23-26 aprili

m a s a l e b i

Tbilisi

2013

2

samecniero sesia gaimarTeba arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTenaTenaTenaTmecmecmecmecninininieeeererererebis inbis inbis inbis instistististitututututis sxdotis sxdotis sxdotis sxdomamamamaTa darTa darTa darTa darbazbazbazbazSiSiSiSi (p. ingo-roKvas quCa #8, meore sarTuli)

r e g l a m e n t i

momxsenebels _ 10 wuTi msJelobaSi monawiles _ 3 wuTi

redaqtori _ vvvv. . . . SeSeSeSengengengengelialialialia

© arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis instituti

3

m um um um u S aS aS aS a oooo b i s g e gb i s g e gb i s g e gb i s g e g m am am am a

22223333 ap ap ap apririririlililili, , , , 11 11 11 11 sasasasaaaaaTiTiTiTi

v. S e n g e l i a, fragmentebi mogonebidan akademikos arnold

Ciqobavaze. LVIII-LX

m. s u x i S v i l i, auslautis uuuu daboloebis Sesaxeb Zvel qar-

TulSi

i. C a n t l a Z e, samedicino leqsika qarTvelur anTroponimiaSi

g. g o g o l a S v i l i, piris niSanTa sistemis zogadi sakiTxebi

a. a r a b u l i, SeSeSeSe- zmniswinis funqciuri gaaqtiurebisa da

bral- fuZis axali semantikisaTvis `vefxistyaosanSi~

T. v a S a k i Z e, `scems~ meSveli zmna Zvel qarTulSi

m. C u x u a, lazuri zozozozoRaRaRaRa `zRva~ fuZis megruli ekvivalentisa-

Tvis

T. b u r W u l a Z e, erTi tipis myari sintaqsuri modelis

aRrevisaTvis beWdur mediaSi

r. l o l u a, lateraluri Tanxmovnebi saerTolezgiurSi da

maTi kavkasiis albanuri Sesatyvisebi

l. k e l a u r a Z e, aqtiur da inaqtiur brunvaTa niSnebis re-

konstruqciisaTvis saerTo-qarTvelur-mediteranulSi

n. f o n i a v a, TanxmovanTkompleqsebi abazur zmnur ZirebSi

4

24 24 24 24 apapapapririririlililili, , , , 11 11 11 11 sasasasaaaaaTiTiTiTi

e. g a z d e l i a n i, moqmedebiTi brunvis alomorfebi svanurSi

r. W k a d u a, moqmedebis mravalgzisobis organuli gamoxatvis

analizisaTvis svanurSi

m. r o b a q i Z e, `vefxityaosnis~ erTi taepis mniSvnelobis da-

dgenisaTvis

i. C a C a n i Z e, T. g u C u a, me-19 saukunis qarTulSi arsebu-

li rusicizmebis Sesaxeb

m. s a R l i a n i, frazeologiur SesityvebaSi Semaval ZiriTad

zmnaTa semantikuri SesaZleblobani svanuri enis dia-

leqt-kilokavTa mixedviT

n. w u l e i s k i r i, `dardi~ da `sevda~ _ semantikuri organi-

zaciis problema

c. j a n j R a v a, megruli bJabJabJabJa `mze~ nawarmoeb sityvebsa da idi-

omatur gamoTqmebSi

l. g i g l e m i a n i, mizezisa da miznis zmnisarTebi svanurSi

n. S a v r e S i a n i, m. s a R l i a n É, gansazRvrebiTi damokide-

buli winadadebisaTvis svanurSi

n. f a r t e n a Z e, SavSuris sintaqsur TaviseburebaTa Sesaxeb

x. y a n d a S v i l i, mravalgzisobis gamoxatva Tanamedrove qar-

TulSi (k. gamsaxurdiasa da m. javaxiSvilis prozis mi-

xedviT)

5


n. a r d o t e l i, xunZur-andiur-didour sakuTar saxelTa

qarTulad gadmocemisa da marTlwerisaTvis

T. m a x a r o b l i Z e, daqtiluri sistemebi

q. m a g i a n i - s u b a r i, hipotaqsuri konstruqciis erTi

tipisaTvis svanur enaSi

W. q i r i a, myofadis wre lazurSi

e. b e r i Z e, Tedo saxokia da sofeli furtio

e. S e n g e l i a, olara� sityvis warmomavlobisaTvis megrulSi

n. j o r b e n a Z e, `z~ da `q~ ZirebisaTvis qarTulSi

n. o T i n a S v i l i, sityvaTSeerTebiT nawarmoebi toponimebi

frones xeobaSi

k. m i T a g v a r i a, zoonimebis Semcveli gvarebi sxvadasxva sis-

temis enebSi

n. c e c x l a Z e, Temis niSanTa unifikaciis tendencia qarTuli

enis samxrul kiloebSi

T. t e t e l o S v i l i, translaciasTan dakavSirebuli ramde-

nime sakiTxisaTvis

6


g. k v a r a c x e l i a, leqsikuri semantika da Tanamedrove

paradigmebi

r. f a r e u l i Z e, SedarebiTi `brunvis~ sakiTxisaTvis CeCnurSi

n. W o x o n e l i Z e, TornTornTornTorn-, TorTorTorTor- fuZiani omonimuri calebis

warmomavlobisaTvis qarTulSi

s. o m i a Z e, diskursuli kompetenciis deficiti politikur

ritorikasa da masmediis enaSi

T. l o m T a Z e, terminisaTvis `emfatikuri a~

m. b u k i a, qarTvelur-afxazuri lingvokulturuli urTier-

Tobis istoriidan _ VII . landSaftTan dakavSirebuli

leqsika

n. x a x i a S v i l i, ciciciciququququ- sityvis semantikisaTvis

m. k i k v a Z e, qvemoguruli metyvelebis specifika `WanWaTis sa-

dRegrZelos~ mixedviT

m. C a C a n i Z e, n. r a z m a Z e, n. m a i s u r a Z e, leqsikis mini-

mizaciis sakiTxisaTvis

Л. Т у п ц о к о в а, О некоторых глагольных частицах адыгейского языка

7

a va va va v T a nT a nT a nT a n d i ld i ld i ld i l a r a a r a a r a a r a b ub ub ub u l il il il i

SeSeSeSe---- zmzmzmzmnisnisnisniswiwiwiwinisnisnisnis fun fun fun funqciqciqciqciuuuuri ri ri ri gagagagaaqaqaqaqtitititiureureureurebibibibisa sa sa sa dadadada bralbralbralbral---- fufufufuZisZisZisZis aaaaxaxaxaxali seli seli seli semanmanmanmantitititikikikikisaTsaTsaTsaTvisvisvisvis `̀̀̀vevevevefxisfxisfxisfxistyatyatyatyaoooosasasasannnnSiSiSiSi~~~~

`vefxistyaosnis~ erT-erTi enobrivi maxasiaTebeli Cans

SeSeSeSe- zmniswinis warmomqmnel-semantikuri rolis Taviseburi ga-

aqtiureba, ris mizezadac SeiZleba poetis masazrdoebeli

enobrivi garemo davsaxoT, SeiZleba Sesabamisi SemoqmedebiTi

amocanis gadawyvetas davukavSiroT. erT aseT SemTxvevad SeiZleba

ganvixiloT warmodgenili zmnuri forma- da sityvawarmoeba.

nestanis ambis mosmenis Semdeg avTandili ase eubneba

fatmans:

`mis qalisa sibsibsibsibrarararalululululililili amanTebs da midebs alsa, magra qajni uxorconi ras aqneven, mikvirs, qalsa?!~

(1242, 1-2). saxelzmnis am formis (sibralul-i) gamoyenebis es erTa-

derTi SemTxvevaa `vefxistyaosanSi~; amave dros, strofis av-

Tenturoba eWvqveS aravis dauyenebia.

sisisisi----bralbralbralbral----ulululul---- sawyisi (abstraqtuli saxeli) arqauli

struqturis iSviaTi warmoebaa (si-yuar-ul-, si-qad-ul-...), mag-

ram is `vefxistyaosnamde~ ar vlindeba. sulxan-sabas leqsikon-

Sic is wyaros miuTiTeblad aris Setanili: sibsibsibsibrarararalululululililili _ Se-

bralebis qoneba ZAB.

sabaseul ganmartebaSi Semosuli SeSeSeSe---- zmniswiniani masda-

ri da Sesabamisi zmnuri warmoeba aseve rusTavelis epoqaSi

Cans TavCenili (anda _ gaaqtiurebuli); mag.:

`gexvewebi, sayvarelsa Semaxvewe, SeSeSeSemabmabmabmabrarararalelelele~ (1284, 3). `mijnurisa SeSeSeSebrabrabrabralelelelebabababa xams, eseca gaigone!~ (244, 2).

rac mTavaria, rogorc Cans, es aris kidev erTi saintereso

istoriuli SemTxveva e. w. semantikuri polarizaciisa; Sdr.:

isu n. 22. 16: ra� ars brabrabrabralililili ege, romel ibraleuleT winaSe israÀlisa�

8

vefx. 915, 4: va� Seni brabrabrabralililili, dav, Tvara sikvdili Cemi lxinia. fsevdomak. 215, 9: arcamca iyo sasasasabrabrabrabralislislislis kaci, romeli mivido-

dis geheniasa, da arcamca saqebel, romeli mividodis sasufevelsa.

vefx. 810, 2: Sermadinca daabrunva, sasasasabrabrabrabralolololomanmanmanman cremlni Rvarna. vefx. 864, 4: imRers leqsTa sasasasabrabrabrabralolololoTaTaTaTa, Rvarisaebr cremlni

sdian

n on on on o d a rd a rd a rd a r a ra ra ra r d od od od o t et et et e l il il il i

xunxunxunxunZZZZurururur----anananandidididiurururur----dididididodododour saur saur saur sakukukukuTar saTar saTar saTar saxelxelxelxelTaTaTaTa qarqarqarqarTuTuTuTuladladladlad gadmogadmogadmogadmocecececemimimimisa da marsa da marsa da marsa da marTlweTlweTlweTlweririririsasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis

1. xunZur-andiur-didour anTroponimiaSi gamoiyofa sa-

kuTar saxelTa ori ZiriTadi jgufi: a) adamianis sakuTriv

xunZur-andiur-didouri saxelebi, romelTa ricxvic naklebia

da metwilad ZvelisZvel warmoebas miekuTvneba; b) arabuli,

Turquli da sparsuli sakuTari saxelebi, romelTa farTod

gavrceleba dakavSirebulia daRestanSi islamuri aRmsareblo-

bis eqspansiasTan, ramac sakuTari eTnonimebis Seviwroeba da,

araiSviaTad, maTi gaqroba gamoiwvia. SedarebiT naklebad

gvxvdeba qarTuli sakuTari saxelebi. bolo dros rusuli

enis Zlieri zegavlenis pirobebSi uxvad vrceldeba rusuli

da evropuli pirTa saxelebic.

2. sakuTriv xunZuri saxelebi mcire raodenobiT gvxvdeba

da upiratesad martivi agebulebiT gamoirCeva: haJiav-i (h>aJi-

�aŸ)1, yebedav-i (yebedaŸ zedmiw. `mWedela~), nucal-i (I kl.),

nucalai (II kl.), adalav-i (‡adalaŸ), mesedo (zedmiw. `oqrua~),

1 frCxilebSi mocemulia saTanado saxeli xunZuri transkrifciiT, xolo

frCxilebs gareT warmodgenilia misi qarTuli ekvivalenti. Tu xunZuri da

misi qarTulad gadmocemuli forma erTnairia, xunZuri varianti aRar

mieTiTeba. martooden saxelobiTi brunvis niSnis gamoyofa xdeba.

9

xandulai (ƒandula�), mamalav-i, cevexan (céŸeƒan zedmiw. `wi-

namZRoli~), xerRu (ƒerRu zedmiw, `qoria~), xaidayai (xa�da-

ya�), laCenilav-i (zedmiw. `Sevardena~) da sxv.

3. andiur-didour enebSic Zireuli sakuTari saxelebi

bevri ar aris, mag.:

kakakakararararatatatatauuuulililili: adilav-i, bolaC-i, aSu (‡aSu), Ralbaw-i

(zedmiw. `loma~), zaRalav-i, miko (zedmiw. `patara~), hadu

(h>adu zedmiw. `swrafi~), hetlelav-i ((h>et¾lelaŸ), mesedo

(zedmiw. òqrua~), berquta (zedmiw. `ganZi~, `Tilisma~), berci-

nai (bercina�, zedmiw. `turfa~), nucalai, tavus-i (zedmiw.

`farSavanga~)...; axaxaxaxvavavavaxuxuxuxuriririri:::: Rabawe (zedmiw. `loma~), zaRala, ya-

maCi, xoCobare (= xuCbari), becena (zedmiw. `turfa~), qvanTo

(qŸanTo), misedo (zedmiz. òqrua~), Wuhara (Wuh>ara zedmiw.

`TavkerZa~, àmayi~) da sxv. misT.

didour enaTa sinamdvileSi pirTa saxelebi, romlebic

istoriulad am enaTa kuTvnilebas Seadgenda, mcire raodeno-

biT Semogvenaxa, mag.: heTu (h>eTu), kuzi, aca („aca), manyo,

hentlo (hent¾o), hlohe (l‘oh>e), heTu (h>eTu), teryo, nayi...

4. zemomoyvanil da zog sxva sakuTar saxelTa qarTulad

gadmocemisas sakvlev enaTa fonologiuri sistemebis specifi-

kuri rigebis transliteracia ase gvesaxeba: a) lateralebi:

spiranti llll′′′′ ____ hl hl hl hl, fSvinvieri afrikati l l l l ____ Tl Tl Tl Tl, , , , abruptiu-

li afrikati tttt¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ____ tltltltl;;;; b) faringalebi: fSvinvieri afrikati

ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ____ x x x x,,,, mJReri spiranti „„„„ ____ o, , , , yru spiranti hhhh>>>> ____ h h h h; g) sonan-

tebi: palataluri �� ____ i i i i, , , , wyvilbagismieri ………… ____ v v v v; ; ; ; d) larin-

galuri xSuli ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ____ o o o o....

rac Seexeba saTanado TanxmovanTa magar korelatebs da

specifikur (palatalizebul, faringalizebul, nazalize-

bul...) xmovnebs, romlebic sakuTar saxelebSi Zalian iSviaTad

iCenen Tavs, maTi transliteracia unda moxdes Sesabamisi mar-

tivi (neitraluri) Tanxmovnebis (resp. xmovnebis) saSualebiT,

mag.: xunZ. céŸeƒan _ qarT. cevexani, axv. ƒaCíRa (zedmiw. `qo-

ria~) _ qarT. xaCiRa da a. S.

10

5. orkomponentiani anTroponimebi gansakuTrebiT damaxa-

siaTebelia Turquli warmomavlobis sakuTar saxelTaTvis, ro-

melTa meore nawili xSirad wodebis an Tanamdebobis (sulTa-

ni, xani, begi...) gamomxatvelia: ahmed-xan-i, hamzaT-beg-i, xan-biqa,

zahra-biqa da mr. sxv.

Cveni SexedulebiT, amgvari kompozituri struqturis

pirTa saxelebi erT cnebas aRniSnaven da erT mTlian monoli-

Tur erTobas qmnian, amitom erTad unda iwerebodnen, mag.:

harunbegi, delimxani, xanbiqa...

iSviaTad gvxvdeba bibliuri personaJebisa da ebraul-

berZnuli warmomavlobis saxelebi, romlebic arabuli an qar-

Tuli enebis gziT aris Semosuli, mag.: axv. adame `adami~, ili-

asi, maria; sak. did. isay-i (Zv. ebr. isaak), ilias (Zv. ebr.

elia), iayuf-i (�ayuf, Zv. ebr. iakob), suleiman-i (sule�man <

solomon), isa (‡isa < ieso), hava (h>aŸa < eva) da misT.

6. bolo dros Tavi iCina rTuli agebulebis mravalmar-

cvlian sakuTar saxelTa gamartivebis tendenciam, romlebic

ikumSebian an ikvecebian, mag.: fa�zulah > fa�zu, abubaqar >

abaqar, uzlifaT > uzi, abulmuslim > abusi... enis amgvari

qceva misi imanenturi potenciis gamovlenad unda miviCnioT.

am enaTa fonotaqtikis mixedviT, mravalmarcvlianoba damaxasi-

aTebeli ar aris, amitom ena mis daZlevas am gziT cdilobs. es

garemoeba ki damatebiTi dasturia imisa, rom kompozituri

agebulebis sakuTari saxelebi saerTo odenobas qmnian da maTi

komponentebi erTi maxvilis qveS eqcevian. amis safuZvelze ena-

Si Cndeba arakanonikuri struqturebi, romelTa gamartivebis

tendencia amJamad TvalsaCinod aris warmodgenili.

11

e T e re T e re T e re T e r b eb eb eb e r ir ir ir i Z eZ eZ eZ e

TeTeTeTedodododo sasasasaxoxoxoxokia da kia da kia da kia da sosososofefefefeli li li li furfurfurfurtiotiotiotio

samxreT dasavleT saqarTvelos erT-erTi mniSvnelovani

kuTxis aWaris istoriis SeqmnaSi, misi eTnografiul-lingvis-

tur-toponimikuri aspeqtebis asaxvisa da sazogadoebisaTvis

gacnobis saqmeSi mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanes XIX-XX sauku-

nis gamoCenilma mkvlevrebma giorgi yazbegma, dimitri baqraZem,

zaqaria WiWinaZem da sxvebma. am gamoCenil adamianTa ricxvs mi-

ekuTvneba cnobili qarTveli mwerali da sazogado moRvawe _

Tedo saxokia.

`gasuli saukunis 50-iani wlebis Semdeg, roca Tedo sa-

xokias vrcelma naSromma `mogzaurobani~ (guria, aWara, samur-

zayano, afxazeTi) dRis sinaTle ixila, ar meguleba dasavleT

saqarTvelos warsuliT dainteresebuli mkvlevari, vinc

gverds auvlis am naSroms da masSi Camoyalibebul debulebebs

Tavisi daskvnebis gasamagrebel argumentebad ar gamoiyenebs~

(r. surmaniZe).

gansakuTrebulad maxlobeli gaxda Tedo saxokia zemo-

aWarisaTvis, radgan es erTaderTi wigni iyo romelic vrclad,

sizustiT, ubralod, magram akademiurad gadmoscemda zemo

aWaris mosaxleobis yofa-cxovrebas, meurneobas, anTroponimias,

toponimias da xSirad mis etimologias, legendebs, Tqmule-

bebs am mxareze, mis warsulze. Rirseulma mamuliSvilma am

wigniT Tavisi saxeli samudamod daukavSira aWaras.

moxsenebaSi, rogorc saTaurSia naCvenebi, yuradRebas mi-

vapyrobT Tedo saxokias mogzaurobas zemo aWaris erT-erT

mSvenier sofelSi, furtioSi.

furtio mdebareobs xulosa da Suaxevis sazRvarze, misi

sazRvari sxva soflebTan dadebulia aWariswylisa da sxalTis-

wylis SesarTavTan da aWariswyalze gamarTuli TaRovani, ag-

reTve Tanamedrove, rkinabetonis xidTan da mTavrdeba sxal-

Tiswyalze adre arsebuli TaRovani da dRes arsebuli sxal-

12

Tis (yinCauris) Tanamedrove rkina-betonis xidiT. sofeli

mTis ferdobzea Sefenili, (zRvis donidan 790 m) da Tavisive

sacxovrebeli ubnebiTaa SemosazRvruli: bari, elvauri, foTe-

luri mWedluri, forCxiTi momwvari...

sofels Tavs dahyurebs furtios mTa (1558 m. zRvis do-

nidan) romelic sxalTiswylisa da Ciruxiswylis wyalgamyofs

warmoadgens.

furtio saqarTvelos erT-erTi uZvelesi sofelia, rom-

lis darseba-dafuZnebis TariRi dRemde ucnobia, magram uZve-

lesi nasaxlarebi, sasaflaoebi da rac mTavaria me12 saukunis

TaRiani xidi metyvelebs, rom es sofeli erT-erT arqaul da-

saxlebas miekuTvneba.

toponim furtois etimologia jer kidev sakvlevia.

lazeTSi arsebuli mdinaris saxeli `furtuna~ saqar-

TveloSi furt fuZisagan nawarmoebi sxva saxelebis arsebobasa

da dakargvaze unda miuTiTebdes (i. beqiriSvili).

mweral nodar xvedeliZis azriT, Cvens winapar qurumebs

heliocentruli sistemis sqemaze misadagebuli hqondaT er-

Tmarcvliani astronomiuli terminebi, maT Soris `fur~ da am

fuZidan warmoiSva furtio (n. xvedeliZe).

ar aris gamoricxuli furtios saxelis warmoqmna ter-

min furTunadan, romelic qariSxals, qarbuqs, qaraSots niS-

navs (S. niJaraZe). (ori mdinarisa da xeobis Sesayarze furti-

os geografiuli mdebareoba, bunebis am movlenebis gavlenas

marTlac ganicdis) amitom soflisaTvis am saxelis darqmevac

niSandoblivia.

furtios saxelis warmoSoba SeiZleba vivaraudoT ita-

liuri sityvisagan _ fortuna, furtioSi xom (samanqane

gzebis arsebobamde) furtios mTis gadavliT xdeboda Rorjo-

misa da didaWaris xeobebisa da TviT sxalTis xeobisa dakavSi-

reba mareTis (mariTis, (yaraderes, Turqobisdroindeli saxe-

lia) xeobasTan, aqedan ki savaWro-saqaravno gza miemarTeboda

samxreT- aRmosavleTsa da samxreT-dasavleTSi.

13

furtios Sesaxeb mamis monaTxrobs ase igonebs indira beriZe, Tedo saxokias `CiCerones~ SvilTaSvili: Zvelad mtris jari Tavs dasxmia saqarTvelos soflebs, maT furtioc auwio-kebiaT, pirutyvi mTlianad gaurekavT, roca mcxovreblebs hki-Txes soflis mdgomareoba, maT upasuxniaT, erTi fur-ic ar da _ tie-so da es saxelic -fur da -tie Zirebisagan warmodge-bao. Tqmuleba sakmaod mimzidvelia, aseTi Sedgenilobis topo-nimebi saqarTveloSi mravladaa (norio, gonio, dobrio kir-naTSi, vaio), amitom maTi etimologiis dadgena siZneles ar unda warmoadgendes (e. beriZe).

zemo aWaris livis did davTarSi~ furtio gvxvdeba furdi formiT (z. SaSikaZe), magram osmalur transkrifciaSi bevri soflis saxeli aRmoCnda Secvlili formiT. davTris aRweraSi, 1566-1574 wlebi, sofelSi 4 komlia. zemo aWaris livis davTarSi moxseniebulia furtios mosazRvre sofeli me-liqwminda (14 komli, dRevandeli furtios ubani _ mWedlu-ri, sadac cxovroben meliqiSvilebi (Turqobis dros meliqoR-lebad wodebuli), savaraudod, 1566-1574 wlebSi furtio te-ritoriulad ufro patara iyo, vidre meliqwminda da komlTa raodenobis aseTi monacemic amis Sedegi unda iyos. Tedo sa-xokias aRweriT (1898 weli), furtioSi 50 komli iyo (T. sa-xokia), dRes ki misi ricxvi 300 aRwevs.

mazraSi da soflidan sofelSi gadaadgilebis dros Te-do saxokias axldnen adgilobrivi mcxovreblebi, Cveni azriT, sagangebod SerCeuli adamianebi, romlebic kargad flobdnen TavianTi mxaris istorias, wes-Cveulebebs, adgilTa saxelebsa da calkeuli gvarebis warmomavlobas. isini stumrisaTvis in-formatorebic iyvnen da saukeTeso mTxrobelebic, magram dRe-mde Cveni mkiTxveli, Cveni sazogadoeba yvelaze metad icnobda iunus-aRa beriZes, furtios mkvidrs (r. surmaniZe)

SeiZleba iTqvas is Zvirfasi masala, Tqmulebebisa da le-gendebisa (romelSic gansakuTrebiT Cans xsovna Tamar mefisa), toponimebisa da xSirad maTi etimologiisa, SesaZloa zepirsi-tyvierebas dRemde ver Semoenaxa, Tedo saxokiam ki es gaakeTa kalmiT, dauRalavi SromiT da Tavisi megzuris `uebro moam-bis~ (T. saxokia), iunus beriZis meSveobiT.

14

naSroms zogadad aqvs istoriuli da mecnieruli Rire-

buleba, magram es saucxood da gansakuTrebulad gamoixateba

sofel furtios fonze, magaliTze. aki Tavad avtoric ambobs:

rac sazogadod aWaris Sesaxeb iTqmis, gansakuTrebiT iTqmis am

mxaris soflis, furtios Sesaxebo (T. saxokia).

furtio istoriuli gaxda, istoriuli gaxda wignSi mo-

xseniebuli gvarebi, romelTa memkvidreebi yovelTvis cdilo-

ben akeTon sazogado-sasargeblo saqmeni sofelSi, esec `mo-

gzaurobanis~ avtoris damsaxurebaa.

m am am am a n an an an a n an an an a b ub ub ub u k i ak i ak i ak i a

qarqarqarqarTveTveTveTvelurlurlurlur----afxaafxaafxaafxazuzuzuzuri linri linri linri lingvogvogvogvokulkulkulkultutututururururulililili ururururTiTiTiTiererererToToToTobis isbis isbis isbis istotototoririririiiiidan dan dan dan _ _ _ _ VIIVIIVIIVII.... lanlanlanlandSaftdSaftdSaftdSaftTan daTan daTan daTan dakavkavkavkavSiSiSiSirerererebubububuli leqli leqli leqli leqsisisisikakakaka

landSaftTan dakavSirebul saerTo qarTvelur-afxazur

leqsikaSi TiTqmis Tanabari raodenobiT fiqsirdeba urTier-

Tnasesxobani, afxazuri leqsika gavrcelebulia megrulSi,

afxazizmebi gvxvdeba lakadaSi, mTian samegreloSi.

qarqarqarqarTveTveTveTvelulululuriririridan afxadan afxadan afxadan afxazurzurzurzurSi SeSi SeSi SeSi SeTviTviTviTvisesesesebubububuli terli terli terli termimimiminenenene----bad mibad mibad mibad migvaCgvaCgvaCgvaCnianianiania:

aaaa-dgildgildgildgil àdgili, miwa~ < adadadadgigigigilililili `1. sivrcis nawili de-

damiwis zedapirze, midamo. 2. mamuli...~ qegl), adadadadggggiiiilililili (Zv.

qarT.) `sacxovrisi, samyofi~, arararardgidgidgidgilililili (megr.), aaaa >> >>dgildgildgildgil / aaaa >> >>ddddgigigigi /

adadadadgilgilgilgil (svan.). forma adgadgadgadg˜ˆlˆlˆlˆl gvaqvs abazurSic; sityva xSirad

gvxvdeba afxazur kompozitebsa da toponimebSi.

aaaa-marmarmarmardadadada àRmarTi~ < aRaRaRaRmarmarmarmarTiTiTiTi `daqanebuli adgili _ qve-

vidan mayureblis TvalsazrisiT~. aaaa-dadadadamramramramra àkldama~ < dadadadararararanininini `gamoqvabuli kldeSi an miwa-

Si~ (qegl), dadadadararararanininini `kldeSi, anu miwis qveS Sesasvleli~ (saba),

15

dadadadararararanininini (megr.) `darani, gvirabi wylis donisa, wyalqveSa budo-bi Tevzebisa, naprali, gamoqvabuli kldeSi, wyalSi~

aaaa-papapapapanwypanwypanwypanwy◦HHHHrrrr `saSineli, Znelad misaRwevi adgili < papapapapanpanpanpan----wyviwyviwyviwyvilililili / papapapapanpanpanpanwyviwyviwyviwyviriririri `wyliani ormo; saSiSi gube Znelad gada-sasvleli; saxifaTo gza, adgili~

aaaa-sanZRsanZRsanZRsanZR◦HHHH (abJ.) `sazRvari~ < sasasasazRvazRvazRvazRvariririri `xazi, romelic ri-same farglebs aRniSnavs, romelic or teritorias, or adgils hyofs urTierTisagan, _ mijna, zRvari~ (qegl), sasasasanZRonZRonZRonZRo (megr.) `sazRvari~, samZR…asamZR…asamZR…asamZR…a >> >>r r r r (svan.) `sazRvari~

aaaa-sasasasafafafafarararara / aaaa-sasasasafarfarfarfar `xergi, zvavi~, `safari~, `jebiri~ < sasasasa-fafafafariririri `3. Txrili an sagangebo adgili Sesafareblad~ (qegl)

a a a a-tytytyty˜apapapap `talaxi, lafi, tlapo~ < tlatlatlatlapopopopo `Txeli tala-xi, lafi~ (qegl)

afxaafxaafxaafxazuzuzuzuriririridadadadanaa Semonaa Semonaa Semonaa Semosusususuli meli meli meli megrulgrulgrulgrulSi SemSi SemSi SemSi Semdedededegi sigi sigi sigi si----

tyvetyvetyvetyvebibibibi:::: azazazazmamamamaxixixixi / aziaziaziazimamamamaxixixixi / aZaZaZaZmamamamaxixixixi / aZaZaZaZmaxˆmaxˆmaxˆmaxˆ / adadadadmaxˆmaxˆmaxˆmaxˆ `gube, tbori,

gamoyenebulia saqonlis sarwyuleblad samegrelos mTianeTSi~ < aaaa-ZmaxZmaxZmaxZmax `Waobi, WanWyobi~

axaxaxaxrararara `cicabo, Sveulkldovani mTa; Wiuxi~ (qajaia, 2001, 208)

< aaaa-xraxraxraxra `cicabo klde~ ahaahaahaahafufufufu----foqfoqfoqfoqvavavava `gamoqvabuli, kldiani adgili, qvabi~, ahaahaahaahafufufufu

`gamoqvabuli, kldiani adgili, qvabi~ < aaaa-hafˆhafˆhafˆhafˆ `gamoqvabuli, mRvime~.

afxazuri warmomavlobis gvgonia megruli algˆdialgˆdialgˆdialgˆdi `qva-biviT Cavardnili adgili mTaSi~.

saerTo Zirebi Cans qarTul axoaxoaxoaxo `sayaned gakafuli tye~ (qegl) da afxazur aaaa-mxˆmxˆmxˆmxˆ `yana~ sityvebSi; gvaqvs abazurSic: mxˆ mxˆ mxˆ mxˆ `naTesi, mosavali~.

landSaftis aRmniSvneli qarTuli terminebia gamoyene-

buli afxazur toponimebSic: opaopaopaoparaxraxraxrax˜aaaa _ mikrotoponimi oCam-

Ciris r-nis sof. kindRSi, mgmgmgmg◦ˆZˆZˆZˆZ''''ˆrxˆrxˆrxˆrx◦aaaa mguZixva _ sofeli guda-uTis raionSi, arararargungungungunfayfayfayfay tyiani daferdeba sof. atiSaduSi...

16

T e aT e aT e aT e a b u rb u rb u rb u r W uW uW uW u l al al al a Z eZ eZ eZ e

ererererTi tiTi tiTi tiTi tipis myapis myapis myapis myari sinri sinri sinri sintaqtaqtaqtaqsusususuri mori mori mori modedededelislislislis aRaRaRaRrerererevivivivisasasasaTvis beWTvis beWTvis beWTvis beWdur medur medur medur medidididiaaaaSiSiSiSi

1. rTul qvewyobil winadadebaSi mTavari winadadebis mi-

marT damokidebulis daqvemdebareba sxvadasxva sintaqsuri sa-

SualebiT xorcieldeba. daqvemdebarebis ZiriTadi saSualeba

sagangebo sityvebia: 1.maqvemdebarebeli kavSirebi(riT, Tu, ra-

Ta...); 2. mimarTebiTi sityvebi: a)mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelebi

(vinc, rac, romelic, rogoric...) da b)mimarTebiTi zmnizedebi

(sadac, saiTkenac, saidanac, rogorc...). xSirad mimarTebiTi si-

tyva ara mxolod daqvemdebarebis saSualebaa, aramed winadade-

bis wevric (wevr-kavSiri) aris xolme. maSasadame, parataqsul

winadadebaSi moipoveba sakvanZo sityva (misamarTi, asaxsneli

wevri), romelsac uSualod miemarTeba damokidebuli winada-

debis wevr-kavSiri. ase iqmneba wyvil-wyvili sityvebi: iseiseiseise----romromromrom, , , , iseiseiseiseTiTiTiTi----romromromrom, , , , imiimiimiimitomtomtomtom----romromromrom, , , , iseiseiseise----rorororogorcgorcgorcgorc, , , , iseiseiseiseTiTiTiTi----rorororogogogogoricricricric, , , , iqiqiqiq----sasasasa----dacdacdacdac, , , , mamamamaSinSinSinSin----rorororocacacaca, , , , imiimiimiimitomtomtomtom----romromromrom, , , , imisimisimisimisTvisTvisTvisTvis----romromromrom, , , , isisisis----vincvincvincvinc, , , , isisisis----rorororomemememe----liclicliclic............ eseni myari sintaqsuri modelebia, romelTa marTebu-

lad gamoyenebasac winadadebis agebisas yuradReba unda mieqces.

2. Cveni dakvirvebiT, masmediis warmomadgenlebis mxridan,

gansakuTrebiT ki beWdur mediaSi, naklebad eqceva yuradReba

isisisis----vincvincvincvinc _ isisisis----rorororomemememeliclicliclic konstruqciaTa marTebulad gamoyene-

bas. Seusabamod iyeneben vincvincvincvinc da rorororomemememeliclicliclic mimarTebiT si-

tyvebs: `Cven ar gvinda revanSi, magram damoukidebelma sasamar-

Tlom unda gaasamarTlos is adais adais adais adamimimimiaaaanenenenebibibibi, , , , vivivivisacsacsacsac danaSauli aqvT

Cadenili~; im xalxim xalxim xalxim xalxmamamama, , , , vivivivisacsacsacsac sxvis keTilmowyobil saxlSi SeeZ-

lo cxovreba, am qalaqis centrs miaSura da dRemde iq arian~;

`Zalin didi imedi maqvs, rom imimimim adaadaadaadamimimimiananananTaTaTaTa ricxvi iwureba,

vincvincvincvinc aseT gadawyvetilebas iRebs an miiRebs~; `is adais adais adais adamimimimiaaaanenenenebibibibi, , , ,

vincvincvincvinc jer kidev 3 Tvis win parlamentSi mmarTveli partiis si-

iT gavidnen, sxva politikur partiaSi gadadian~.

3. mniSvneloba aqvs imas, Tu ra wevrs miemarTeba mimar-

TebiTi sityva _ arsebiT saxels Tu nacvalsaxels. Tu wevr-

17

kavSiri miemarTeba arsebiT saxels, maSin bunebrivia rrrroooomemememeliclicliclic

forma. xolo, Tu asaxsneli wevri nacvalsaxelia, maSin unda

mivusadagoT vincvincvincvinc mimarTebiTi sityva.

roca wevr-kavSiri miemarTeba arsebiT saxels, mas, Tavis

mxriv, axlavs nacvalsaxeliT gamoxatuli msazRvreli. aseT Se-

mTxvevaSi, marTalia, msazRvrelad nacvalsaxeli gvaqvs, magram

mimarTeba gramatikuladac da Sinaarsobrivadac sazRvrul wev-

rTanaa. raki sazRvruli sityva arsebiTi saxeliTaa gadmocemu-

li, rorororomemememeliclicliclic wevr-kavSiri unda iyos warmodgenili.

maSasadame, winadadebebi ase gaimarTeba: Cven ar gvinda

revanSi, magram damoukidebelma sasamarTlom unda gaasamar-

Tlos iiiis adas adas adas adamimimimiaaaanenenenebibibibi, , , , rorororomelmelmelmelTacTacTacTac danaSauli aqvT Cadenili; im im im im

xalxxalxxalxxalxmamamama, , , , rorororomelmelmelmelsacsacsacsac sxvis keTilmowyobil saxlSi SeZlo cxovre-

ba, am qalaqis centrs miaSura da dRemde iq arian; Zalian di-

di imedi maqvs, rom im adaim adaim adaim adamimimimiananananTaTaTaTa ricxvi iwureba, romromromromlelelelebicbicbicbic

aseT gadawyvetilebas iReben an miiReben; is adamianebi, romle-

bic jer kidev 3 Tvis win parlamentSi mmarTveli partiis siiT

gavidnen, sxva politikur partiaSi gadadian.

wevr-kavSiris SerCevisas yuradReba unda mieqces aseve

imas, asaxsneli sityva romeli jgufis arsebiTi saxeliTaa

gadmocemuli. krebiTi saxeliT gamoxatul misamarT sityvas

mxolobiT ricxvSi warmodgenili wevr-kavSiri unda SevuwyoT :

im xalxim xalxim xalxim xalxma ma ma ma ____ ro ro ro romelmelmelmelmacmacmacmac; im eim eim eim ers rs rs rs ____ ro ro ro romelmelmelmelsacsacsacsac...(da ara: im xalx-

ma _ romlebmac; im ers _ romlebsac...).

18

e l ie l ie l ie l i s as as as a b e d g ab e d g ab e d g ab e d g a z d ez d ez d ez d e l il il il i aaaa n in in in i

momomomoqmeqmeqmeqmededededebibibibiTi brunTi brunTi brunTi brunvis alovis alovis alovis alomormormormorfefefefebibibibi svasvasvasvanurnurnurnurSiSiSiSi

svanurSi, sxva qarTveluri enebis msgavsad, brunvaTa pa-

radigmaSi moqmedebiTi brunva gamoiyofa. Tanamedrove svanur-

Si am brunvis ZiriTadi funqcia moqmedebis iaraRis gamoxatvaa

(a. oniani).

moqmedebiTi brunvis alomorfebia: -…S…S…S…S, -S…S…S…S…, -uSuSuSuS, iSvia-

Tad gvxvdeba -SuSuSuSu (< uSuSuSuS) da -SSSS (-uuuu da -………… xmovniTi nawilebis

gareSe).

dRevandeli svanuris yvela dialeqtSi moqmedebiTis

gamosaxatavad, ZiriTadad -…S…S…S…S, -S…S…S…S… alomorfebia gavrcelebu-

li. maTi gamovlena damokidebulia saxelis fuZis rogorobaze:

Tanxmovanze dasrulebul saxelebTan ZiriTadad -S…S…S…S…, xolo

xmovanze dasrulebul saxelebTan -…S…S…S…S alomorfebi dasturdeba.

samecniero literaturis mixedviT, -…S…S…S…S, -S…S…S…S… niSanTa So-

ris amosavlad miCneulia -…S…S…S…S varianti, xolo -S…S…S…S… miRebulia

-…………Às metaTezisis Sedegad, rac svanurSi Cveulebrivi movlenaa

(Sdr. Tek…Tek…Tek…Tek… <*T…ek < Toki; fir… fir… fir… fir… < *f…ir < furi...).

Tanxmovanze daboloebuli saxelebi: q‰nƒidx fak’nfak’nfak’nfak’n-S…

zeT (bz., qr. 120) `gamoitanes jamiT zeTi~; x…aSy…did liclicliclic-S…S…S…S…

(bq., qr. 260) `vrecxavT wyliT~; tˆttˆttˆttˆt-S…S…S…S… angoSle (lSx., 87, 3)

`nacriT gaavso~; laf�cxirlaf�cxirlaf�cxirlaf�cxir-S…S…S…S… amS��ex (lnt., qr. 297) `fo-

cxiT muSaoben...~

xmovanze daboloebul saxelebTan moqmedebiTi brunvis

niSniseuli -………… saxelis bolo xmovnebis fonetikur cvlilebebs

iwvevs, gansakuTrebiT _ zemosvanur dialeqtebSi; qvemosvanur-

Si iSviaTi gamonaklisis garda, cvlilebebi ar xdeba.

zemosvanurSi saxelis bolo -aaaa da -eeee xmovnebi -…………Às gavle-

niT, asimilaciiT -ooooÀd iqceva da TviTon xSirad ikargeba. mag.:

qÀ‰dzˆze ZaZaZaZalolololo-SSSS (< ZaZaZaZalalalala-…S…S…S…S) bz., qr. 165 `gagzavna ZaliT~;

lˆjolˆjolˆjolˆjo-{…………}SSSS (< lˆjelˆjelˆjelˆje-…S…S…S…S) Cadbar‰li (bz., qr. 65) `rZiT dabans~;

19

x�lxs uCxouCxouCxouCxo-S…S…S…S… (< uCxauCxauCxauCxa-…S…S…S…S) Cvabza (bq., qr. 191) `xalxs wvimiT

gaaZRebda~; q…inlˆmgeq…inlˆmgeq…inlˆmgeq…inlˆmgenononono-SSSS (< q…inlˆmq…inlˆmq…inlˆmq…inlˆmgegegegenenenene-…S…S…S…S) g…eSi kal…

(bq.) `saqonliT (suldgmuliT) savse ezo (kalo)~.

zemosvanur dialeqtebSi -iiiiÀze dasrulebul saxelebSi,

sadac -iiii SeiZleba sxvadasxva warmomavlobis iyos, bolo -iiii xan

oÀd iqceva, xanac ucvlelad rCeba. bz.: miCa qa lirk�lilirk�lilirk�lilirk�li-…S…S…S…S m��

laxqemni... (bz., qr. 73) `Cemi gagdebiT (garekviT) ra moemate-

ba~; namˆrTanamˆrTanamˆrTanamˆrTalolololo-SSSS (< namˆrT�linamˆrT�linamˆrT�linamˆrT�li-…S…S…S…S) sofal…S anx…atd (poez.,

60, 2) `gulkeTilobiT (mTeli) sofel amowydiT~. bq.: lˆxor-

Tei l�wsil�wsil�wsil�wsi-S…S…S…S… gar ƒednix (bq., qr. 181) `Sekrebazec mxolod

mowveviT modian~; nanananagzogzogzogzo-SSSS (< n�gzin�gzin�gzin�gzi-…S…S…S…S) sg÷binCu anS�ni lade-

Rs (bq., qr. 181) erTi kviriT adre niSnavs dRes~.

-oooo da -uuuu boloxmovniani saxelebi cotaa svanurSi, da mo-

mqedebiTi brunvis -…S…S…S…S formanti maTze gavlenas ver axdens. am

poziciaSi xSirad adgili aqvs -…………Às metaTeziss.

rac Seexeba -uSuSuSuS alomorfs, is xSirad gvxvdeba svanur

poeziaSi, rogorc xmovanfuZian, ise TanxmovanfuZian saxeleb-

Tan. mag.: TaTul TofTofTofTof-uSuSuSuS g…idaraji (poez., 168, 2) `TaTuli

TofiT gvdarajobs~. gvxvdeba -uSuSuSuS alomorfiseuli -uuuuÀs metaTe-

zisis SemTxvevebi. maremi ziszisziszisxixixixi-SuSuSuSu lˆRafi (poez., 168, 21)

`adamianis sisxliT SeRebili~.

dRevandeli svanuris balszemour da qvemosvanur dia-

leqtebSi, zogjer _ balsqvemourSic, aRniSnuli -uSuSuSuS forman-

ti moqmedebis viTarebas gamoxatavs da mimReobebs daerTvis.

mag.: ƒednix laWlaWlaWlaWnurnurnurnur-uSuSuSuS (bz., qr. 9) `modian Wianuris dakvriT~;

ƒamSƒamSƒamSƒamS-uSuSuSuS xodisg niSans (bq., 175) `ZaliT udebs niSans~; Cvamzˆrix

amŠni laq…islaq…islaq…islaq…is-uSuSuSuS (lSx., 212, 15) `dalocaven aminis TqmiT~; zu-

ral lalalalaWomWomWomWom-uSuSuSuS anRˆrda (lnt.) `qali sirbiliT mdioda~.

sakvlevia -…S…S…S…S da -uSuSuSuS alomorfTa urTierTmimarTebis

sakiTxi.

20

l el el el e l al al al a g i gg i gg i gg i g l el el el e m im im im i aaaa n in in in i

mimimimizezezezezizizizisa da mizsa da mizsa da mizsa da miznis zmninis zmninis zmninis zmnisarsarsarsarTeTeTeTebi svabi svabi svabi svanurnurnurnurSiSiSiSi

ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÈÀ ãÂÖ×ÄÁÓ ÛÏÒÉÓ, ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÝÍÏÁÉËÉÀ, ÌÉÆÄÆÉÓÀ ÃÀ

ÌÉÆÍÉÓ ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÄÁÓ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÅÀÍÉ ÀÃÂÉËÉ ÖàÉÒÀÅÈ, ÈÖÌÝÀ ÓáÅÀ

ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÄÁÈÀÍ ÛÄÃÀÒÄÁÉÈ ÌÀÈÉ ÒÀÏÃÄÍÏÁÀ ÌÝÉÒÄÒÉÝáÏÅÀÍÉÀ.

ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉ ÉØÍÄÁÀ ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖË ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÈÀ

ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÖË-ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ, ÀÓÄÅÄ ÄÔÉÌÏËÏÂÉÖÒÉ ÀÍÀËÉ-

ÆÉ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÄÍÉÓ ÃÉÀËÄØÔ-ÊÉËÏÊÀÅÈÀ ÌÀÓÀËÉÓ ÂÀÈÅÀËÉÓßÉÍÄÁÉÈ.

1. ÌÉÆÄÆÉÓ ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÄÁÉ: ÀÌÙÀ (ÆÓ., ËÛá.), ÀÌÉÙÀ (ÁØ.), ÀÌÀÙÀ

(ËÍÔ.) `ÀÌÉÔÏÌ", ÄãÙÀ ( ÆÓ., ØÓ.), ÄãÉÙÀ (ÁØ.) `ÉÌÉÔÏÌ, ÉÌÉÓÈÅÉÓ" ÃÀ À. Û.

ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖËÉ ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÄÁÉ ÒÈÖËÉ ÛÄÃÂÄÍÉËÏÁÉÓÀÀ. ÂÀÌÏÉÚÏ×À

ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÖÒÉ ÄËÄÌÄÍÔÄÁÉ ÀÌ-, Äã- ÃÀ ÓÖ×ÉØÓÉ -ÙÀ.

ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÛÉ ÃÀÃÓÔÖÒÄÁÖËÉ À ÃÀ É áÌÏÅÍÄÁÉ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÂÀÍ-

ÅÉáÉËÏÈ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÜÀÍÀÒÈÉ ÄËÄÌÄÍÔÄÁÉ.

2. ÌÉÆÍÉÓ ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÄÁÉ: ÀÌÍðÒ (ÆÓ., ËÍÔ.), ÀÌÍÀÒ (ËÛá.),

ÀÌÉÍðÒ (ÁØ.) `ÀÌÉÓÈÅÉÓ", ÄãÍðÒ (ÆÓ., ËÍÔ.), ÄãÍÀÒ (ËÛá.), ÄãÍðÒ (ÁØ.)

`ÉÌÉÓÈÅÉÓ". ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖË ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÄÁÛÉ ÈÅÀËÍÀÈËÉÅ ÂÀÌÏÉÚÏ×À ÍÀ-

ÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÖÒÉ ÄËÄÌÄÍÔÄÁÉ _ ÀÌ- ÃÀ Äã-; ÒÀÝ ÛÄÄáÄÁÀ Â. ÊÀàÀÒÀÅÀÓ

ÌÉÄÒ ÃÀÓÀáÄËÄÁÖË ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÄÁÛÉ ÂÀÌÏÚÏ×ÉË -ÍÀÒ ×ÏÒÌÀÍÔÓ, ÒÀÝ

Å×ÉØÒÏÁÈ, ÓÀÃÀÏÀ. ÜÅÄÍÉ ÀÆÒÉÈ, ÉÂÉ ÀÓÄ ÃÀÉÛËÄÁÀ: Í-ÀÒ, ÓÀÃÀÝ

-ÀÒ-Ó ÓÀÊÉÈáÉ ÂÀÓÀÒÊÅÄÅÉÀ.

ÌÉÆÄÆÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÌÉÆÍÉÓ ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÉÓ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÁÉÈ ÂÅáÃÄÁÀ, ÀÂ-

ÒÄÈÅÄ: ÀÌÍÉóÍÉÃ ÁÆ, ÀÌÍðËÉÃ ÁØ., ÀÌÍÉêÍÉÃ ËÛá., ÀÌÍÉðÍÉÃ ËÍÔ.,

`ÀÌÉÓÈÅÉÓ" ÃÀ ÄãÍÎóÍÉÃ ÁØ., ÄãÍðÍÉÃ, ÄãÍÀËÉÃ ÁØ., ÄãÍÉêÍÉÃ ËÛá.,

ÄãÍÉðÍÉÃ ËÍÔ., `ÉÌÉÔÏÌ, ÉÌÉÓ ÂÀÌÏ" ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉ, ÒÏÌËÄÁÉÝ ÒÈÖËÉ

ÀÂÄÁÖËÄÁÉÓÀÀ.

21

g ig ig ig i o ro ro ro r g ig ig ig i g og og og o g og og og o l a Sl a Sl a Sl a S v iv iv iv i l il il il i

pipipipirisrisrisris ninininiSanSanSanSanTa sisTa sisTa sisTa sistetetetemis zomis zomis zomis zogagagagadi sadi sadi sadi sakikikikiTxeTxeTxeTxebibibibi

piris niSanTa sistema Zvel qarTulSi gacilebiT rTu-

lia, vidre axal qarTulSi. gamoiTqva azri, rom pirisa da ri-cxvis niSnebi sxva sistemidan aris gadmosuli; klasovani uR-lebidan pirovan uRlebaze gadasvlis Semdeg klasis niSanTa gadaazrianeba moxda piris niSnebad (arn. Ciqobava).

piris niSanTa sistemis cvlilebis Tvalis gadevneba sain-tereso daskvnis gakeTebis saSualebas gvaZlevs:

Zveli qarTulidan moyolebuli, dRemde piris niSanTa sistemaSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi moxda; zogi afiqsi dai-karga: subieqturi mesame piris niSnebi ----dddd, , , , ----nnnn, , , , ----edededed,,,, ----enenenen (e. w. obieqtis mravlobiTobis), xxxx----... zogma funqciuri datvirTva Se-icvala, moxda zogi afiqsis reinterpretacia _ piris niSani iqca stilistur elementad (hhhh----, , , , ssss----...)...

cvlilebaTa dinamikis gaTvaliswineba, vfiqrobT, adastu-rebs im varauds, rom es afiqsebi sxva sistemidan gadmosuli elementebia; piris niSanTa sistemis Camoyalibebis procesi ar dasrulebula, grZeldeba.

T aT aT aT a m a r v am a r v am a r v am a r v a S aS aS aS a k ik ik ik i Z eZ eZ eZ e `̀̀̀scemsscemsscemsscems~ ~ ~ ~ memememeSveSveSveSveli zmna Zvel qarli zmna Zvel qarli zmna Zvel qarli zmna Zvel qarTulTulTulTulSiSiSiSi

Zvel qarTul werilobiT ZeglebSi (originalursa Tu naTargmnSi) sakmaod mravlad dasturdeba scemsscemsscemsscems meSvelzmniani formebi.

scemsscemsscemsscems meSveli zmna awarmoebs rogorc moqmedebiTi (`ra-meTu ƒorcielsaca Tana simdidresa SvilierebiTaca papapapativtivtivtiv----scascascasca~; `da viTarca JamJamJamJam-scascascasca Jamman, sivltolaÎ da midamomalvaÎ iyo~...), ise vnebiTi (`moZRŸari da mosurne cxovrebisa CŸenisa

22

papapapativtivtivtiv-iceiceiceicemismismismis yovlisa mier morwmunisa~; `da raÎTa cxoveli igi xati mas Sina Tay…anisTay…anisTay…anisTay…anis-iceiceiceicemomomomodisdisdisdis maT mier~...) gvaris for-mebs.

saxelur komponentebad dasturdeba: a) arsebiTi saxeli (ùkŸeTu ƒmelad gzagzagzagza-scesscesscessces, ganagos simdidre T‚si~...), b) zed-sarTavi saxeli (`da nanananaTelTelTelTel-scemscemscemscemdiTdiTdiTdiT maT saxeliTa mami-saÎTa~...), g) saobieqto mimReoba (`vidremde gangangangansas…enesas…enesas…enesas…enebebebebelililili----scesscesscessces ufalman~...), d) gaarsebiTebuli zmna (`da JamiTi-Jamad mivaln mamaÎ da nunununugegegegeSiSiSiSinisnisnisnis-scemnscemnscemnscemn sity‚T da saqmiT~...), e) masda-ri (`brZobrZobrZobrZolalalala-scesscesscessces maT da ereodes maT da mowy‚dnes igini misT‚s~...).

scemscemscemscems s s s meSvel zmnas iyenebs sawarmoeblad kauzativis formaTa erTi nawilic. maTi saxeluri komponenti viTarebiT-brunvisformiani masdaria (`da kurkurkurkurTxeTxeTxeTxevad scemvad scemvad scemvad scemdadadada da miscemda TiToeulsa eklesiasa Ralasa~...).

meSvelzmniani formis saxeluri wevri warmogvidgeba wrfelobiTi (òxraÎ igi say‚risaÎ zarzarzarzar-scemscemscemscemdesdesdesdes yovelTa daba-debulTa~...), saxelobiTi (`vidremde gangangangansas…enesas…enesas…enesas…enebebebebelililili-scesscesscessces ufalman~...) da micemiTi (`raÎTa ara iZlio saqmiTa da nuca adadadadgigigigilslslsls-scemscemscemscem eSmaksa damk‚drebad Sen Tana~...) brunvis forme-biT. warmoSobiT igi (saxeluri komponenti) SeiZleba iyos: a) subieqti (`da raÎTa cxoveli igi xati mas Sina Tay…anisTay…anisTay…anisTay…anis-iceiceiceice----momomomodisdisdisdis maT mier~...), b) pirdapiri obieqti (ùkŸeTu ƒmelad gzagzagzagza-scesscesscessces, ganagos simdidre T‚si~...), g) ubralo damateba (`warwarwarwarwewewewerad scarad scarad scarad sca domentianoss da Teodores zemoÎ kerZoÎve igi SeCŸenebaÎ mwvalebelTaÎ~...).

mcire nawils scemsscemsscemsscems meSvelzmniani formebisa eZebneba Se-sabamisi organuli warmoebis variantebi (`momomomoReReReRebad scabad scabad scabad sca jŸari-sa cxovelisa zeTi da gardaiyvana igi mtilad T‚sagan~, Sdr.: `momomomoaaaaReReReRebibibibinananana Sio nakŸercxali da daisxna~...). sinTezur formaTa uqonloba sxvadasxva mizeziT aixsneba.

saintereso Cans organuli da analizuri variantebis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi.

scemsscemsscemsscems meSvelzmnian formaTa erTi nawili frazeologiu-ri gamoTqmebia.

23

lel el el e v a nv a nv a nv a n k ek ek ek e l al al al a uuuur ar ar ar a Z eZ eZ eZ e

aqaqaqaqtitititiur da inaqur da inaqur da inaqur da inaqtitititiur brunur brunur brunur brunvavavavaTa niSTa niSTa niSTa niSnenenenebisbisbisbis rerererekonkonkonkonstruqstruqstruqstruqciciciciiiiisasasasaTvis saTvis saTvis saTvis saererererToToToTo----qarqarqarqarTveTveTveTvelurlurlurlur---- memememedidididiteteteterarararanulnulnulnulSiSiSiSi

1. saerTo-qarTvelurisaTvis (sq) saxelobiTi brunvis

niSnad rekonstruirebuli *-e da *-i morfemebi uZveles saer-

To-qarTvelurSi, savaraudod, aqtiuri brunvis niSnebs warmo-

adgendnen. es, warmoSobiT deiqturi, morfemebi moqmed pirs,

rogorc Cans, msmenel-molaparakesTan mimarTebis, maTTan `siax-

love-siSoris~ mixedviT aRniSnavdnen.

2. sq *-e da *-i morfemebTan Sumeruli enis ergativis -e

da buruSuli enis ergativis -e niSanTa Sepirispirebis safuZ-velze saerTo-qarTvelur-mediteranuli (sqm) enobrivi erTia-

nobisaTvis aqtiuri brunvis niSnebad (imave funqciebiT, rac

maT qarTvelur refleqsebs unda hqonodaT) *-e da *-i morfe-mebs aRvadgenT.

3. inaqtiuri brunvis niSnad ki sqm enobrivi erTianobi-

saTvis, aRniSnul enaTa saTanado monacemTa gaTvaliswinebiT,

nulovani morfema _ Ø _ unda aRdges.

qarTvelur enobriv samyaroSi aramarkirebuli brunva,

romlis funqciasac gardauvali zmnis subieqtisa da gardamava-

li zmnis pirdapiri obieqtis aRniSvna warmoadgenda, mxolod

Zvelma qarTulma Semoinaxa wrfelobiTi (//saxeldebiTi) brun-

vis saxiT.

Sumerul, buruSul da baskur enebSi aRniSnuli brunvis

niSnad amosavali Ø niSani SenarCunda.

4. gviandel sq-Si aqtiuri brunva (gansazRvrul kon-

struqciaTa mixedviT) or _ aqtiur da saxelobiT _ brunvad

gaixliCa, amasTan amosavali niSnebi saxelobiTma irguna, ro-

melmac imavdroulad (gardamaval srulaspeqtian konstruqci-

ebSi) inaqtiuri brunvis funqciebic SeiTavsa. yovelive aman

24

(gardamaval srulaspeqtian konstruqciebSi) aqtiuri brunvis

xelaxali markirebis saWiroeba warmoSva, Tumca am brunvis axa-

li niSnis Camoyalibebis procesi calkeul qarTvelur enebSi

damoukideblad ganxorcielda.

funqciaSezRuduli inaqtiuri brunva ki TandaTanobiTi

gaqrobis gzas daadga.

5. Sumerulsa da buruSulSi amosavali aqtiuri brunvi-

dan ergativi, xolo inaqtiuridan absolutivi ganviTarda.

6. baskuri enis aqtiuri brunvis niSani -k meoreuli Cans.

is SeiZleboda megrul-lazuri nacvalsaxelur-zmnizeduri

warmomavlobis -q niSanTan dagvekavSirebina.

baskuris micemiTi brunvis niSani -i (da ZiriTadi fondis leq-

semebSi daculi bolokiduri -i-c?) SesaZloa sqm aqtiuri

brunvis -i niSnidan momdinareobdes.

g ug ugugu C a k v aC a k v aC a k v aC a k v a r ar ar ar a c x ec x ec x ec x el i al i al i al i a

leqleqleqleqsisisisikukukukuri seri seri seri semanmanmanmantitititika da Taka da Taka da Taka da Tananananamedmedmedmedrorororoveveveve papapapararararadigdigdigdigmemememebibibibi

arn. Ciqobava `propedevtikis~ samive gamocemaSi (1935,

1939, 1946 ww.) sityvis mniSvnelobis problemebisadmi miZGv-

nil Tavs ase iwyebs: `semasiologia anu semantika...~ Tumca Se-

mdgomSi am sinonimuri wyvilidan igi xmarobs mxolod `semasi-

ologias~ _ `semantika~ saxelmZGvaneloSi aGar gvxvdeba. 1952

wels gamocemul `enaTmecnierebis SesavalSi~ ki terminma `se-

mantikam~ aSkara upiratesoba moipova: TiTqmis yvelgan, Sesaba-

mis konteqstSi gamoyenebulia `semantika~, sinonimTa wyvilad

warmodgenis drosac man pirveli adgili daikava (mag., enaTmec-

nierebis dargebis CamoTvlisas: `morfologia, sintaqsi, leqsi-

kologia, semantika anu semasiologia...~).

25

termin _ semantikis SemoGebisa da `semasiologiis~ para-lelurad misi xmarebis Sesaxeb literaturaSi aGniSnulia, rom semantika, rogorc damoukidebeli samecniero disciplina,

ΧΙΧ saukunis miwuruls Seiqmna. enaTmecnierebis am sferos sa-xelmdeblad iTvleba frangi mecnieri miSel breali, romelmac

1897 wels gamosca naSromi `Essai de Sémantique, sadac termini `semantika~ pirvelad Semovida samecniero sityvaxmarebaSi da dResac ixmareba frang da inglisel mecnierTa mier. mis sino-

nimad ΧΙΧ saukunis bolosa da ΧΧ saukunis dasawyisidan rusi da germaneli enaTmecnierebi iyenebdnen termin `semasiologi-as~, romelic dGes upiratesad `leqsikuri semantikis~ sinoni-mad gamoiyeneba.

leqsikuri semantikis, rogorc semantikuri disciplinis, Seswavlis obieqts sityvis mniSvneloba warmoadgens. sityvasve Seiswavlis leqsikologiac, romelic leqsikur semantikaze bev-rad xandazmulia (termini `leqsikologia~ pirvelad Cndeba

1765 wels didrosa da d'alamberis frangul enciklopediaSi). TandaTan yalibdeba leqsikuri semantikis sagnisa da proble-mebis kvlevis tradicia. cxadia, rom leqsikologiisa da leq-sikuri semantikis sferoebi gadaikveTeba. amasTanave, sakiTxTa erTi wyeba, romelsac leqsikologia Seiswavlis, ar ganixileba leqsikur semantikaSi da piriqiT. saerTo sakTixebis ganxilvac TiToeul maTganSi gansxvavebuli sisruliTa da siGrmiT mi-mdinareobs, da rac mniSvnelovania disciplinaruli diferen-cirebis TvalsazrisiT, sityvis mniSvnelobisadmi gansxvavebuli midgomiT.

yovelive amas Tavis droze aGniSnavda arn. Ciqobava. leq-sikur semantikaSi sityvis mniSvnelobaTa aGwera dGes gagebu-lia rogorc enis sruli aGweris integraluri nawili; Tavis mxriv, enis aGwera moiazreba rogorc formaluri `mowyobi-loba~, romlis meSveobiT xorcieldeba adamianTa enobrivi mo-qmedebis modelireba.

leqsikuri semantikis sferoSi damuSavebuli Teoriebi gansxvavebul mecnierul paradigmebSi erTiandebian. moxseneba-Si ganxiluli iqneba zogierTi maTgani (izolacionisturi, an-Tropocentruli, sociokulturuli).

26

m am am am a i a k i ki a k i ki a k i ki a k i k v av av av a Z eZ eZ eZ e

qveqveqveqvemomomomogugugugururururulililili memememetyvetyvetyvetyvelelelelebis spebis spebis spebis specicicicififififikakakaka `̀̀̀WanWanWanWanWaWaWaWaTis saTis saTis saTis sadRegdRegdRegdRegrZerZerZerZeloslosloslos~~~~ mi mi mi mixedxedxedxedviTviTviTviT

guruli kilo enobrivi TvalsazrisiT mravalferovania.

igi `or kilokavad iyofa: zemogurulad da qvemogurulad. ze-

moguruli moicavs Coxataurul Tqmas da ozurgeTulis na-

wils...qvemoguruli kilokavi aerTianebs lanCxuTur da ozur-

geTul Tqmebs. imavdroulad sxvaobaa TviT Tqmebis SigniT~

(jorbenaZe,1989:515).

qvemoguruli kilokavis, kerZod, lanCxuTis raionis so-

fel WanWaTis metyvelebaze dakvirveba saintereso suraTs iZ-

leva. sofeli sam raions Sorisaa moqceuli. WanWaTis mkvidrTa

metyvelebaSi erTdroulad Tavs iyris zemogurulisa da qve-

mogurulis Taviseburebani.

sofeli ubnebadaa dayofili:

oroorooroorokikikiki----soflis dasawyiss hqvia. uxucesebis gadmocemiT,

Tesavdnen siminds, magram niadagis simwiris gamo moiwevdnen

or oyasor oyasor oyasor oyas. aqedan warmoiSva saxelwodeba oroki;

yuyuyuyuririririaaaaTiTiTiTi-xSiri, gauvali tye saSiSi yofila gamvlel-

gamomvlelisTvis. amis Sesaxeb erT-erT soflels leqsi Seu-

Txzavs:

`...ase uTxra Tavis biWebs,

rom ar SegxvdeT ram xifaTi,

enas kbili daaWireT,

gamoibiT yuyuyuyuri aTiri aTiri aTiri aTi~.

RviRviRviRvinanananalalalala----gadmocemiT purpurpurpur----RviRviRviRvininininisasasasagan gan gan gan warmoiSva. ab ubanSi

krefdnen yvelaze met adesas. RvinalaSi mcxovrebi WanWaTlebi

gansakuTrebuli stumarTmoyvareobiT gamoirCevian.

totototoninininiaaaaseseseseuuuulililili-vinme totototoninininiasasasas ukavSirdeba, romelic soflis

centrSi cxovrobda, Semdeg sxvagan gadasula sacxovreblad.

aq dResac ikribebian soflelebi da saubroben qveynis av-kargze.

jijijijixuxuxuxuriririri _ `sayaraulo adgili WanWaTSi~ (al.Rlonti),

romelsac strategiuli daniSnuleba hqonda.

27

guruli kilos Taviseburebani asaxulia leqsebSi, gamo-canebSi, namdvil ambebSi, pirad werilebSi. piradi werilebi, ZiriTadad, frontidanaa gamogzavnili. SeiZleba iTqvas, enob-rivi TvalsazrisiT swored isinia saintereso.

1111.... fofofofonenenenetitititikukukukuri prori prori prori procecececesesesesebibibibi WanWaTelTa metyvelebaSi Seu-zRudavad vlindeba: SeiniSneba iiii xmovnis refleqsi xmovanze fuZedaboloebul saxelebTan: `mokiTxva dedededeiiiidadadadaiiiisassassassas~; `nenenenenanananais is is is gamomcxvari Wadi menatreba~; `nonononorarararaie ie ie ie gasaTxovari damxvdeba~. vxvdebiT asimilaciis, disimilaciis, bgeris dakargvis, substi-tuciis SemTxvevebs: `mokiTxva bibibibiZiZiZiZieeeesassassassas~; àmas xuTxuTxuTxuTmemememetitititi maneTi unda~; `gegegegeiqiqiqiqcacacaca, ZaRli gigigigieeeekikikikidadadada~; `veveveverarararafefefefelililili gaxda~.

2222.... momomomorforforforfolololologigigigiuuuuriririri: : : : a)TanxmovanfuZiani sakuTari saxele-bi wodebiTSi saxelobiTis formiTaa:

`salami deda, rezo da ananananzozozozoriririri~. b)Taviseburad mbrunavi arsebiTi saxeli amamamambabababavi vi vi vi sruli

fuZiTaa gamoyenebuli: `mawuxebs Tqveni amamamambabababavisvisvisvis gageba~. g)ormagi mravlobiTis formebia: `mokiTxva yvelas: bibibibiZaZaZaZa----

nenenenebobobobo, , , , dedededeiiiidadadadanenenenebobobobo............~ d) ricxviTi saxelis araswori dawerilobaa: `2 2 2 2 nanananaxexexexevavavavari ri ri ri

TveaTveaTveaTvea frontze var~. d) ès~ CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelis nacvlad gamoiyeneba:

agiagiagiagi,,,,mamamamagigigigi. . . . piris nacvalsaxelebi naTesaobiTSi dairTaven -s ni-Sans: `CvensCvensCvensCvens irgvliv asea~.

e)Cans ----gangangangan////dan dan dan dan TandebulTa monacvleoba: àmamamamxaxaxaxananananagegegegebibibibidan dan dan dan daCagruli mec Sevicvale~.

dddd))))zmnezmnezmnezmnebi da sabi da sabi da sabi da saxelxelxelxelzmnezmnezmnezmnebibibibi ZiriTadad dialeqturi formi-Taa naxmari: `xels vavavavarebrebrebreb~~~~; mimimimicliclicliclilililili; ; ; ; upiratesoba eniWeba mi-mReobur formebs: cnocnocnocnobibibibilobslobslobslobs; ; ; ; vtyovtyovtyovtyobibibibiloblobloblob~~~~; ; ; ; vRevRevRevRebubububuloblobloblob............

3333.... sinsinsinsintaqtaqtaqtaqsusususuriririri: : : : atributuli msazRvreli sazRvrulTan xSirad fuZis saxiTaa: `babababaton ton ton ton mixeilis veZebT~;`memememeoooomarmarmarmar biWebis misamarTi momwereT~; aris Sereuli paradigmac: `SavSavSavSavmamamama stiqi-am WanWaTSi SemoaRwia~; iSviaTia inversiuli wyobis SemTxveve-bi: `̀̀̀gagagagaxvexvexvexveululululma cema cema cema cecxlis alcxlis alcxlis alcxlis alSiSiSiSi~~~~ mravali daWrili gamoviyvane~; nawilakdarTul gansazRvrebiT nacvalsaxelTan sazRvruli mravlobiTSia:`momwereT yoyoyoyovevevevelilililive amve amve amve ambebebebebibibibi~;

28

darRvevebia qvemdebare-Semasmenlis ricxvSi SeTanxmebaSi:

`dReebi mimimimididididiododododnennennennen~~~~; ; ; ; zogzogzogzogjer wijer wijer wijer winanananadadadadadedededebaa uSebaa uSebaa uSebaa uSemasmasmasmasmenmenmenmenloaloaloaloa: : : : aba

kargad, mxned da marjved!

wiwiwiwinanananadadadadadedededebabababaSi araa daSi araa daSi araa daSi araa dacucucuculi sili sili sili sityvatyvatyvatyvaTa rTa rTa rTa riiiigigigigi:::: `gnaxeT kar-

gad!~

Serwymul winadadebaSi erTgvar wevrebs ara aqvT erTna-

iri ricxvis forma: `fiqfiqfiqfiqriTriTriTriT, , , , sizsizsizsizmremremremrebiT biT biT biT TqvenTan var~;

WanWaTelTa metyvelebaSi xSirad ismis sxvaTa sityvis na-

wilakebidan -o:

`...roca iwyeba xvna-Tesva, ismis traqtorTa guguni,

kafe-TeTeTeTeseoseoseoseo, zevidan ra CamogvZaxis?...(guguli).

teqstebSi(rogorc leqsebSi, ise namdvil ambebSi) mrav-

ladaa mimimimimarmarmarmarTvis forTvis forTvis forTvis formemememebibibibi, , , , dadadadanarnarnarnarTeTeTeTebi da Cabi da Cabi da Cabi da CarTurTurTurTulelelelebibibibi; ; ; ; wode-

biTSi dasmuli saxeli xan TavSia, xan SuaSi, xanac bolo-

Si:`erTad ZmeZmeZmeZmebobobobo,,,, erTad dedededebobobobo, erTad CeCeCeCemo sofmo sofmo sofmo soflelelelelelelelebobobobo!!!!~

`xo, WiWiWiWiririririmemememe, bednieri viqnebiT!

prosodiuli -oooo xmovani saleqso taepebSi gasariTmavad

gamoiyeneba.

winadadebaSi emocias aZlierebs hiperbola: `SiSi Zval-

rbilSi atans~. 4444.... leqleqleqleqsisisisikakakaka: : : : aRaRaRaRsasasasaniSniSniSniSnanananavia mravia mravia mravia mravalvalvalvalfefefeferorororovavavavani dini dini dini diaaaaleqleqleqleqtiztiztiztizmemememe----

bi da dibi da dibi da dibi da diaaaaleqleqleqleqtutututuri frari frari frari frazezezezeoooolololologizgizgizgizmemememebibibibi:::: `gaTxovdi, ne ne ne nenananana!!!!~~~~; ; ; ; `daa-

yola Tavisi siglaxe~; `Savad Semosa bevri WiSkari~; `Tavis mo-

fxaniza ar mcalia~; SeiniSneba barbarizmebi: `agi kakakakariCriCriCriCnininini visia?~;

`nemnemnemnemcecececebibibibi gvesvrian~; `mwereT mag adadadadrerereresiTsiTsiTsiT~; `Cveni zemzemzemzemlilililiaaaakikikiki iyo.

29

rrrr oooo m a nm a nm a nm a n l o l o l o l o l u al u al u al u a

lalalalateteteterarararalulululuri Tanri Tanri Tanri Tanxmovxmovxmovxmovnenenenebi sabi sabi sabi saererererToToToTolezlezlezlezgigigigiururururSi Si Si Si da mada mada mada maTi kavTi kavTi kavTi kavkakakakasisisisiis alis alis alis albabababanunununuri Seri Seri Seri SesasasasattttKKKKvivivivisesesesebibibibi2

samecniero literaturaSi saerTolezgiuri konsonan-

tizmis rekonstruqciis ramdenime cda mogvepoveba, romelic

lateraluri Tanxmovnebis fuZe-enaSi aRdgenasa da Sesatyviso-

baTa povnierebasac iTvaliswinebs:

b. Talibovi saerTolezgiurisaTvis aRadgens mxolod or

glotalur lateralur afrikats (, ).

*, *, * da * lateralebs saerTolezgiurisaTvis

aRadgens e. bokarevi.

lezgiur enaTa monacemebiT xerxdeba xuTi lateraluri

Tanxmovnis rekonstruqcia, esenia: *, *, *, * da *. Cve-

ni daskvnebi exmianeba b. gigineiSvilis mosazrebas; rogorc

mkvlevari varaudobs, saerTodaRestnurSi *, *, *, *, *,

* da * lateralebi gvqonda, xolo saerTolezgiurSi, ar-

Cibulis gamoyofamde (rogorc Cans, arCibuli pirveli gamoeyo

saerTolezgiurs) * da * sxva rigis bgerebSi gadavidnen

(* > *qqqq; * > *kkkk).

s.-lezg. * > arC. llllɂɂɂɂ ´́́́: lezg. qqqq ´́́́/ RRRR½½½½: Tab. RRRR½½½½: aR. � < / xxxx½½½½: ruT. � < / xxxx½½½½ / > …………: wax. RRRR/llll: kriw. RRRR½½½½: bud. � (< *RRRR½½½½): ud. RRRR/llll: kavk.-alb. RRRR/? xin. kkkk; Sdr. xunZ. ttttÀÀÀÀ ´́́́: and. ttttÀÀÀÀ ´́́́: axvax. ttttÀÀÀÀ ´́́́:

did. llll¶´¶´¶´¶´: darg. gggg º qqqq ´́́́ º : lak. qqqq ´́́́/llll:

arC. …illllɂɂɂɂ ´́́́: lezg. iri- (< *irRRRR½½½½i-): Tab. urRRRR½½½½u-: aR. �eri- (< *�erRRRR½½½½i-): ruT. �i…………ˆ-: wax. �iRRRRˆ-: kriw. �ˆRRRR½½½½ˆ-: bud. �i�i-: ud. vuRRRR»»»»: kavk.-alb. vuRRRR»»»»: xin. �ikkkk `Svidi~; Sdr. xunZ. anttttÀÀÀÀ ´́́́-:

and. hottttÀÀÀÀ ´́́́u: axv. attttÀÀÀÀ ´́́́u-: did. ollll¶¶¶¶´́́́: darg. …er (urax.): lak.

arullll...

2 naSromi Sesrulebulia SoTa rusTavelis erovnuli samecniero fon-

dis mxardaWeriT (sagranto proeqti: /89/2-120/12).

30

s.-lezg. *llllɂɂɂɂ ´́́́ > arC. llllÀÀÀÀ/ llllÀÀÀÀ ´́́́: lezg. RRRR½½½½: Tab. xxxx½½½½: aR. xxxx½½½½: ruT.

< || xxxx½½½½: wax. xxxx½½½½: kriw. xxxx½½½½: bud. xxxx½½½½: ud. ƒ: kavk.-alb. ƒ (an x?): xin. qqqq; Sdr. xunZ. llllÀÀÀÀ ´́́́: and. llllÀÀÀÀ ´́́́: axvax. llllÀÀÀÀ ´́́́: did. llllÀÀÀÀ: darg. RRRR½½½½ || gggg || qqqq ´́́́: lak. xxxx ´́́́:

arC. dillll‘‘‘‘: lezg. ruRRRR½½½½u-: Tab. �irxxxx½½½½u-: aR. �erxxxx½½½½i-:::: ruT. rixxxx½½½½ˆ-: wax. �ixxxx½½½½ˆ-: kriw. �ˆxxxx½½½½ˆ-: bud. �ˆxxxx½½½½ˆ-: ud. uƒ»»»»: kavk.-alb. uƒ»»»»

(an ux?): xin. zeqqqq èqvsi~; Sdr. xunZ. anllllɂɂɂɂ ´́́́-: and. onllllɂɂɂɂ ´́́́i-: axv.

i¹llllɂɂɂɂ ´́́́i-: did. illllÀÀÀÀ-: darg. uriRRRR½½½½-|| uregggg-|| ureqqqq ´́́́-: lak. raxxxx ´́́́�... s.-lezg. *ttttÀÀÀÀ ´́́́ > arC. ttttÀÀÀÀ ´́́́: lezg. qqqq/kkkk: Tab. qqqq ´́́́: aR. qqqq ´́́́: ruT. gggg/>

jjjj: wax. gggg/qqqq ´́́́: kriw. qqqq: bud. qqqq: ud. yyyy: kavk.-alb. yyyy: xin. kkkk/qqqq ´́́́; Sdr. xunZ. ttttÀÀÀÀ ´́́́: and. ttttÀÀÀÀ ´́́́: axvax. ttttÀÀÀÀ ´́́́: did. llll¶´¶´¶´¶´: darg. ‡‡‡‡ || gggg: lak. kkkk:

arC. botttt´À´À´À´À: lezg. �aqqqq: Tab. �aqqqq ´́́́: aR. �aqqqq ´́́́: ruT. �aqqqq: bud. �eqqqq: ud. eyyyy: xin. lˆqqqq ´́́́a `xorci~; Sdr. and. rittttÀÀÀÀ ´́́́i: did. rellll¶¶¶¶´́́́a: darg. di‡‡‡‡ (urax.) || digggg (wudax.): lak. dikkkk...

s.lezg. *llllÀÀÀÀ > arC. llllÀÀÀÀ: lezg. RRRR½½½½: Tab. xxxx½½½½: aR. xxxx½½½½: ruT. < || xxxx½½½½: wax. xxxx½½½½: kriw. xxxx½½½½: bud. xxxx½½½½: ud. xxxx: kavk.-alb. xxxx: xin. xxxx½½½½; Sdr. xunZ. llllÀÀÀÀ: and. llllÀÀÀÀ: axvax. llllÀÀÀÀ: did. llll: darg. xxxx½½½½: lak. xxxx½½½½/SSSS:

arC. ellll‘‘‘‘as: Tab. a-Ø-xxxx½½½½uz: aR. larxxxx½½½½as:::: ruT. xxxx½½½½d, li-xxxx½½½½-in: wax. ya‡a-v-xxxx½½½½as: bud. araxxxx½½½½ar: ud. laxxxx-es: kavk.-alb. Ze-xxxx-es: xin. Cé-SSSS-iri (< *Cé-xxxx½½½½-iri) `dadeba~, `Camodeba~; lezg. avaxxxx½½½½iz `Ca-goreba~, `Camosvla~, akaxxxx½½½½iz `Camoyra~: Sdr. xunZ. llllÀÀÀÀ----eze: axv.

bi-llllÀÀÀÀ-ur-ulɂa: darg. [qa]-bi-xxxx½½½½-es: lak. bi-SSSS-in (< *bi-xxxx½½½½-in) `da-deba~, `Camodeba~...

s.-lezg. *llllÀÀÀÀ ´́́́ > arC. llllÀÀÀÀ ´́́́: lezg. � (< *RRRR½½½½????): Tab. SSSS (< *xxxx½½½½):

aR. xxxx½½½½: ruT. <|| xxxx½½½½: wax. xxxx½½½½: kriw. xxxx½½½½: bud. xxxx½½½½: ud. xxxx: kavk-alb. xxxx: xin. xxxx½½½½; Sdr. xunZ. llllÀÀÀÀ ´́́́: and. llllÀÀÀÀ ´́́́: axvax. llllÀÀÀÀ ´́́́: did. llllÀÀÀÀ: darg. xxxx½½½½/> SSSS: lak. SSSS ´́́́ (< *xxxx½´½´½´½´):

arC. llll‘‘‘‘ ´́́́an/ llllÀÀÀÀ ´́́́ene: lezg. �ad (< *RRRR½½½½ad ?) || �iwí: Tab. SSSSid

(< *xxxx½½½½id): aR. xxxx½½½½ed, xxxx½½½½iTá || SSSS ´́́́er, SSSS ´́́́iri (burk.):::: ruT. xxxx½½½½d, xxxx½½½½i�i:

wax. xxxx½½½½»an, xxxx½½½½inen: kriw. xxxx½½½½d, xxxx½½½½ij: bud. xxxx½½½½a°d, xxxx½½½½i�: ud. xxxxe: kavk.-alb. xxxxe: xin. xxxx½½½½u `wyali~; Sdr. xunZ. llllÀÀÀÀ ´́́́in: and. llllÀÀÀÀ ´́́́en: axv. llllÀÀÀÀ ´́́́eni: did. llllÀÀÀÀi: xvarS. llllÀÀÀÀa¹: darg. SSSSin (< *xxxx½½½½in): lak. SSSS ´́́́in (< *xxxx½½½½´́́́in)...

31

lateraluri spirantebi saerTolezgiurSi Zalian male

_ arCibulis gancalkevebis Semdeg da udiuris gamoyofamde,

Seerwynen erTmaneTs, anu gaxdnen neitralurebi intensivobis

TvalsazrisiT, xolo Semdeg neitralurma yru lateralurma

spirantma winavelaruli yru spiranti (xxxx½½½½) mogvca. amgvar gan-viTarebas adasturebs orive lateraluri spirantis erTgvari

refleqsacia lezgiur enebSi, Tu ar CavTvliT arCibul enas,

romlis Cvenebac -sa da -s cal-calke rekonstruqciis saSu-

alebas gvaZlevs. lateraluri afrikatebi moiSala SedarebiT gvian. fone-

tikuri procesebi ganviTarda damoukideblad arCibulSi, udi-

urSi, xinaluRursa da saerTosamurul erTobaSi. vfiqrobT,

rom lateralurma afrikatebma pirvel etapze mogvca winave-

laruli afrikatebi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom kavkasiis albanuri moyvanil Sesatyvi-

sobaTa formulebSi igive korespondeciebiT aris warmodgeni-

li, rac udiurSi dasturdeba. es ukuagdebs kavkasiis alba-

nurSi lateralur TanxmovanTa arsebobis Sesaxeb gamoTqmul

varauds (s. muraviovi, i. giperti, r. lolua) da amyarebs al-

banuris tradiciul gaigivebas udiurTan.

b. Talibovi da e. bokarevi saerTolezgiurisaTvis *ttttÀÀÀÀ

fonemas varaudoben. vfiqrobT, ar gvaqvs aranairi safuZveli,

rom davuSvaT am bgeris arseboba saerTolezgiur fuZe-enaSi;

CvenTvis sruliad cxadia, rom am bgeram cvlileba ganicada

jer kidev arCibulis gamoyofamde da, amdenad, misi postuli-

reba saerTolezgiuri fuZe-enisaTvis mxolod hipoTeturadaa

SesaZlebeli. aRsaniSnavia, rom kkkk korespondencia lakurSic da

darguulSic gvxvdeba. es gvaZlevs safuZvels, rom *ttttÀÀÀÀ > *kkkk₁₁₁₁ procesis dawyeba vivaraudoT jer kidev saerTodaRestnur

qronologiur doneze (rig dialeqtebSi).

rom davuSvaT *ttttÀÀÀÀ bgeris arseboba saerTolezgiurSi, ma-

Sin am bgeris postulireba unda moxdes aRmosavlur-samurul

da dasavlur-samuruli erTobisaTvis, rac yovlad dauSveblad

migvaCnia, miT ufro, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom am bgeris

32

intensiuri varianti sxva lateraluri afrikatebis msgavsad

saerTosamuruli erTobis daSlamde gadavida savaraudod in-

tensiur winavelarul afrikatSi (kkkk ´́́́). b. gigineiSvili saerTolezgiurisaTvis *ttttÀÀÀÀ > *kkkk process

varaudobs, rasac ver gaviziarebT. Tu es procesi marTlac

ganviTarda winarelezgiurSi, maSin ratom ar daemTxva erTma-

neTs saerTodaRestnuri *ttttÀÀÀÀ-sa da *kkkk-s refleqsebi lezgiur

enebSi? vfiqrobT, rom saerTodaRestnuri *ttttÀÀÀÀ saerTolezgi-

urSi gadavida velarul sust abruptiul afrikatSi (pirobi-

Tad _ *kkkk₁₁₁₁), romelmac Semdgom ori gansxvavebuli koresponden-

cia mogvca lezgiur enebSi (*kkkk da *yyyy). sistemis simetriulo-

bis TvalsazrisiT logikuria, rom *ttttÀÀÀÀ > *kkkk₁₁₁₁ procesis parale-

lurad *llllɂɂɂɂ > *qqqq₁₁₁₁ procesic vivaraudoT.

T aT aT aT a m a r l o mm a r l o mm a r l o mm a r l o m T aT aT aT a Z eZ eZ eZ e tertertertermimimimininininisasasasaTvis Tvis Tvis Tvis `̀̀̀ememememfafafafatitititikukukukuriririri a a a a~~~~

qarTveli enaTmecnierebi yovelTvis didi sifrTxiliT

ekidebodnen terminTa SerCevis sakiTxebs. arsebobs uamravi ma-

galiTi imisa, Tu rogor qmnidnen da xvewdnen isini terminebs.

erT-erTi aseTi terminia èmfatikuri a~, romelsac qar-

Tul lingvistikaSi sxvadasxva saxeliT vxvdebiT, Tumca yvela-

ze xSirad mainc èmfatikur a~-s uwodeben..

terminis Seqmna n. maris saxels ukavSirdeba. swored man

uwoda micemiTSi, naTesaobiTSi, moqmedebiTsa da viTarebiTSi

brunvis formebze darTul a-s èmfatikuri a~. a. SaniZe mas

xan `narTaul a~-s uwodebda, xan _ mavrcobs.

a-s funqcionirebis sakiTxi Zveli da axali qarTulis

monacemTa mixedviT Seswavlili aqvT arn. Ciqobavas, a. SaniZes,

q. ZoweniZes, T. zurabiSvils, g. focxiSvils, g. deeters, S. af-

33

ridoniZes, T. uTurgaiZes... gamoTqmulia ramdenime msgavsi Tu

gansxvavebuli mosazreba. magaliTad, mas fonetikuri bunebisa-

dac miiCneven, radgan Cndeba Tanxmovniani amosavlis Semdeg.

mis daniSnulebad msazRvrel-sazRvrulis wyvilis SemosazRvra-

sac miiCneven, aseve aaaa-s darTvas stilistikur saWiroebas ukav-

Sireben.

aRniSnul funqciebs ganvixilavT imis saCveneblad, rom

termini `emfatikuri~ sasurvelia iyos im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mas

eqneboda gamomsaxvelobiTi, gaZlierebiTi, an xazgasmis fun-

qcia. magram, raki es daniSnuleba aRniSnul a-s arc Zvel qar-

TulSi hqonda da arc axalSi aqvs, termini `emfatikuris~ ga-

moyeneba gamarTlebulad ar migvaCnia.

q eq eq eq e T eT eT eT e v a n m a rv a n m a rv a n m a rv a n m a r g ig ig ig i aaaa n in in in i ---- s us us us u b ab ab ab a r ir ir ir i hihihihipopopopotaqtaqtaqtaqsusususuri konri konri konri konstruqstruqstruqstruqciciciciis eris eris eris erTi tiTi tiTi tiTi tipipipipisasasasaTvis Tvis Tvis Tvis svasvasvasvanur enanur enanur enanur enaSiSiSiSi

svanur enaSi qvewyobis ukavSiro (xSirad _ ukorela-

toc) formaa ufro metad gavrcelebuli; marTalia, mis gver-

diT damkvidrebulia qarTuliseburi konstruqciac, magram es

ukanaskneli zogjer xelovnurobis STabeWdilebas tovebs da

qarTulis kalkad Cans; aRniSnuli movlena gansakuTrebiT pi-

robiT-SedegobiT konstruqcias exeba (Tumca arc sxva tipis

damokidebuliani rTuli winadadebebisTvisaa ucxo):

llllððððdi Cdi Cdi Cdi CæðæðæðæðddddææææiCxiCxiCxiCxnininini, , , , mmmmééééxxxxððððr liWr liWr liWr liWmes deS limes deS limes deS limes deS liCodCodCodCod _ `dRes

[Tu] gawvimdeba, xval ver vTibavT (`Tibvas ver vizamT~);

si adsi adsi adsi adriririri, , , , mimimimiÎÎÎÎ âæâæâæâæedededednininini _ `Sen [Tu] waxval, mec wamoval~...

saliteraturo Zeglebidan dasturdeba, rom uatribu-

to (ukavSiro, ukorelato) hipotaqsi saSual qarTulSi jer

kidev produqtiulia:

34

`a q a T s a m w el a r m oa r m oa r m oa r m o v iv iv iv i d ed ed ed e , maSin gmarTebs glova,

flasi~ (`vefxistyaosani~ 169,3);

`m o v k v d em o v k v d em o v k v d em o v k v d e, Tavsa nu moiklav~... (iqve 787,3).

dRevandeli saliteraturo qarTulisTvis ki aRniSnuli

movlena ucxoa.

gansakuTrebiT yuradsaRebia is faqti, rom svanuri ukav-

Siro-ukorelato rTuli winadadebis zmna-Semasmeneli yovel-

Tvis romelime inferenciuli (sakuTriv svanuri) mwkriviT aris

gamoxatuli (inferenciuli awmyoTi, myofadis inferenciuli

saxeobiT...) da ara qarTuliseburi kategoriuli zmnuri for-

mebiT.

Cveni azriT, svasvasvasvanurnurnurnurSi hiSi hiSi hiSi hipopopopotaqtaqtaqtaqsusususuri konri konri konri konstruqstruqstruqstruqciciciciis Seis Seis Seis Sedadadada----

rerererebiT arbiT arbiT arbiT arqaqaqaqauuuuli tili tili tili tipis Sepis Sepis Sepis SenarnarnarnarCuCuCuCunenenenebas xebas xebas xebas xeli Seli Seli Seli Seuuuuwyowyowyowyo: : : : a) in in in infefefefe----

renrenrenrenciciciciuuuuli li li li (episepisepisepistetetetemimimimikukukukurorororobisbisbisbis, pi pi pi pirorororobibibibiToToToTobis sebis sebis sebis semanmanmanmantitititikis Sekis Sekis Sekis Semcvemcvemcvemcve----

lililili) zmne zmne zmne zmnebis arbis arbis arbis arsesesesebobobobobam enabam enabam enabam enaSiSiSiSi; b) axali rTuli konstruqciis

SeqmnisTvis motivaciis ararsebobam: wignis enam sxva moTxovne-

bi wamoayena, sxva sivrce moiTxova (umumumumTavTavTavTavrerereresi misi misi misi mizezezezezizizizi!) da igi

saanalizo mimarTulebiTac ufro metad ganviTarda, umwerlo-

bo enam ki mxolod zmnis gansakuTrebuli moqnilobiTa da in-

formaciuli tevadobiT `isargebla~ da bevri ram organul

formebSi asaxa; Sesabamisad, rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis

tipic, specifikuri (inferenciuli) mwkrivebiT gamoxatuli

Semasmenlis xarjze, Zveli formiT SenarCunda, Tumca mis para-

lelurad saliteraturo enis analogiiT (da ara aucileblo-

biT) TandaTanobiT konstruqciis srulyofili (kavSiriani,

korelatiani) formac damkvidrda;

35

T aT aT aT a m a r m am a r m am a r m am a r m a x ax ax ax a r o br o br o br o b l il il il i Z eZ eZ eZ e

dadadadaqtiqtiqtiqtilulululuri sisri sisri sisri sistetetetememememebibibibi

yruTa Temebi Jesturi eniT urTierTobisas daqtilur

anbans gamoiyeneben sakuTari arsebiTi saxelebis gadmosacemad

da aseve ama Tu im sityvis dasakonkreteblad da dasazusteb-

lad. daqtiluri anbanis gamoyeneba xdeba Jesturi enis zepiri

da ara werilobiTi komunikaciisas. misi gamoyenebis forma da

adgili gansxvavebulia nebismieri sametyvelo enis anbanisagan.

daqtiluri anbani ar aris Jesturi damwerlobis forma. Jes-

turi damwerlobis sxvadasxva forma arsebobs, aq gamoiyeneba

e.w. notacia _ es aris teqstis Cawera Jesturi sistemiT.

msoflioSi sul arsebobs 40 daqtiluri anbani. yvela

maTgani SeZlebisdagvarad imeorebs Sesabamisi sametyvelo enis

anbanis grafikas. erTi da igive daqtili SesaZloa sxvadasxva

anbanSi sxvadasxva daqtilemas warmoadgendes.

daqtiluri anbani warmatebiT gamoiyeneba manoraluri

metyvelebisas. bageebis moZraobis wakiTxvisas mayurebel-komu-

nikator pirs manoralurad mosaubre exmareba sityvis sworad

gagebaSi datilur-kontaqturi metyveleba arsebiTad gansxvav-

deba dermografiisgan, rac gulisxmobs xelisgulze asoebis

weras. urTierTobis am formas (dermografias) gamoiyeneben

usinaTlo yru-munjebi, romlebic agreTve iyeneben e. w. taqti-

kur anbans, sadac xelis mtevnisa da TiTebis gansazRvrul ub-

nebze Sexeba aRniSnavs konkretul asoebs.

moxsenebaSi ganvixilavT daqtilur sistemebs, daqtilur

anbanTa saklasifikacio kriteriumebsa da daqtilirebis kano-

nebs.

sabWoTa periodSi qarTuli Jesturi ena ganicdida ru-

sulis gavlenas. rusuli Jesturi ena safuZvlad daedo sabWo-

Ta kavSiris xalxebis Jestur enebs da sabolood miviReT er-

Tiani sabWoTa Jesturi ena, romelic warmatebiT gamoiyenebo-

da yruTa sakomunikaciod am sivrceSi. yru adamianebi dResac

36

inarCuneben urTierTobas am enaze. mimdinareobs Jestur enaTa

nacionalizacia da dawyebulia reintegraciis procesi. Zveli

qarTuli daqtiluri anbani, romelic dRemde gamoiyeneba Te-

mis wevrebis mier, cxadia, imeorebs rusuls. aq mxolod qar-

TulisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ramdenime gansxvavebuli asoa dama-

tebuli.

yruTa TemTan intensiuri muSaobis Sedegad maTTan er-

Tad Cven SevqmeniT axali qarTuli daqtiluri anbani. faqtob-

rivad es gaxlavT pirveli qarTuli daqtiluri anbani. upirve-

les yovlisa, ki SevimuSaveT Teoriuli baza, romelic safuZ-

vlad daedo qarTuli daqtiluri anbanis Seqmnas.

rurururususususuli dali dali dali daqtiqtiqtiqtilulululuri anri anri anri anbabababani qarni qarni qarni qarTuTuTuTuli dali dali dali daqtiqtiqtiqtilulululuri anri anri anri anbabababanininini

((((ZveZveZveZvelililili))))

axaaxaaxaaxali qarli qarli qarli qarTuTuTuTuli dali dali dali daqtiqtiqtiqtilulululuri anri anri anri anbabababanininini

37

k ok ok ok o b a m ib a m ib a m ib a m i T a gT a gT a gT a g v av av av a r ir ir ir i aaaa

zozozozoooooninininimemememebis Sebis Sebis Sebis Semcvemcvemcvemcveli gvali gvali gvali gvarerererebi sxvabi sxvabi sxvabi sxvadasdasdasdasxvaxvaxvaxva sissississistetetetemis enebmis enebmis enebmis enebSiSiSiSi

gvarebis warmoqmnis gzebi da saSualebani metad mraval-

ferovania. sxvadasxva sistemis enebSi, kerZod, rusulSi, ingli-

surSi, qarTulsa da adiReurSi mravlad gvxvdeba cxovelebis,

frinvelebis da mwerebis saxelwodebisagan wrmoqmnili gvarebi.

bevri maTgani winaT adamianis sakuTar saxelad an metsa-

xelad unda yofiliyo gamoyenebuli da am gziT Sevida gvaris

SemadgenlobaSi, zogs ki uTuod sxva mizezi daedo safuZvlad,

rom gvarad qceuliyo (z. WumburiZe).

rogorc specialuri literaturidanaa cnobili (j. koko-

vi, z. WumburiZe, v. maRraZe, a. ribakini, v. nikonovi, b. uinbega-

un) adiReurSi, rusulSi, inglisursa da qarTulSi zoonime-

bis Semcveli gvarebi aTeulobiT dasturdeba. gansxvavebuli

viTarebaa megrulsa da svanurSi. megrulSi zoonimis Semcveli

ocamde gvaria, xolo svanurSi _ zogi avtoris mixedviT _

38

TiTo-orola zoonimis Semcveli gvari dasturdeba (v. maRraZe,

q. margiani).

adiReur gvarebSi yvelaze xSirad gvxvdeba hhhh–––– `ZaRli~

fuZe, romlis meSveobiTac 40-mde gvari aris nawarmoebi (n. ia-

kovlevi, d. aSxamafi, z. kumaxova, j. kokovi, b. uinbegauni). rac

gamowveuli unda iyos ZaRlis kultiT adiRebTan: hahahahamˆƒº–, hahahahab–ºˆ;

xSiria SSSS ´́́́ˆ̂̂̂ `cxeni~ (SSSS ´́́́ˆ̂̂̂Rºan–, SSSS ´́́́ˆ̂̂̂Rºˆn, SSSS ´́́́ˆ̂̂̂RˆsT–n...); bajbajbajbaj–––– `mela~

(bbbb––––jajajajaS´–, bbbb––––janjanjanjan–, bJbJbJbJ ´́́́–––– `krazana~ (bJbJbJbJ ´́́́––––mbaxº–, bJbJbJbJ ´́́́––––c, bJbJbJbJ ´́́́––––xº–ƒ–); blblblbl�––––

`gveli~ (blblblbl½½½½––––na…, blblblbl––––RºaJ).

inglisur onomastikonSi xSiria gvarebi cock `mamali~

(Handcock, Hellcock, Geffcock), wolf `mgeli~ (Wolf in, Wolfenden,

Wolfr yd); fox `mela~ (Foxall, Foxwell, Foxen).

rusulSi zoonimebis Semcveli gvarebis mravalferovne-

baa: frinvelebis saxelwodebebisgan nawarmoebi gvarebi

(Воронин, Голубев, Воробьев, Орлов da a. S.); cxovelTa saxelwo-

debebis Semcveli gvarebi (Быков, Баранов, Волков da a. S.), mwe-

rebis saxelwodebis Semcveli gvarebi (Комаров, Жуков).

qarTul gvarsaxelebSi mravladaa cxovelTa, frinvelTa,

TevzTa Tu mwerTa saxelebisagan nawarmoebi gvarebi.

cxovelTa saxelebi gvaqvs Semdeg qarTul gvarebSi veveveve----

fxvafxvafxvafxvaZe, kverkverkverkvernanananaZe, memememelalalalaZe, ararararCvaCvaCvaCvaZe, ireireireiremamamamaZe, SveSveSveSvelilililiZe, cxvacxvacxvacxvaririririaaaaSvi-

li, xaxaxaxararararaZe da a.S.

frinvelTa saxelebisgan warmoqmnili gvarebia: kakakakakakakakababababaZe,

SeSeSeSevarvarvarvardnadnadnadnaZe, kaWkaWkaWkaWkakakakaWiWiWiWiSvili, sisisisirarararaZe, CiCiCiCititititiSvili, CxikCxikCxikCxikvavavavaZe, qaqaqaqaTaTaTaTamamamamaZe,

mamamamamamamamalalalalaZe da a. S.

Tevzebisa da mwerTa saxelebi gvxvdeba gvarebSi: TevTevTevTevzazazazaZe,

kalkalkalkalmamamamaxexexexelilililiZe, kokokokoRuRuRuRuaaaaSvili, futfutfutfutkakakakararararaZe...

megrulSi zoonimebis Semcveli or aTeulamde gvaria: memememe----

lilililiaaaava, jijijijiqqqqia, fofofofocxvecxvecxvecxverrrria, qaqaqaqacacacacararararava, kurkurkurkurdRedRedRedRellllia, xoxoxoxojajajajava, totototoronronronron----

jajajajaZe, CiCiCiCitatatataia, kokokokoRoRoRoRonnnnia... (z. WumburiZe). xolo svanurSi cincincincindededede----

lllliani (Sdr. megr. cindali) (v. maRraZe), uSuSuSuSxvxvxvxvani (Sdr. Zv.

qarT. ususususxixixixi `xari~) (q. margiani).

39

rogorc vxedavT, gvarebis warmoqmnis gzebi da saSuale-

bani metad mravalferovania. zoonimebis Semcveli gvarebis

umetesoba martivi SeerTebiT miiReba.

rusulsa da megrulSi sufiqsuri warmoeba gvaqvs (rus.

Бык-ов, Волк-ов, megr. jiqjiqjiqjiq-ia, xoxoxoxojajajaja-va), kompozituri zoonimebis

Semcveli gvarebis mravalferovnebam da analizma gamoavlina is

saerTo da gansxvavebuli, rac sxvadasxva sistemis enebs aqvT

gvarebis semantikisa da struqturis TvalsazrisiT.

n in in in i k ok ok ok o l o z o T il o z o T il o z o T il o z o T i n a Sn a Sn a Sn a S v iv iv iv i l il il il i

sisisisityvaTtyvaTtyvaTtyvaTSeSeSeSeererererTeTeTeTebiT nabiT nabiT nabiT nawarwarwarwarmomomomoeeeebi tobi tobi tobi topopopoponinininimemememebibibibi frofrofrofrones xenes xenes xenes xeoooobabababaSiSiSiSi

frones xeoba qarTulisa da imereTis sazRvarze mdebare-

obs. igi sainteresoa toponimTa warmoebisa da maTi etimolo-

giis TvalsazrisiT. geografiul saxelTa warmoeba emorCileba

iseT wess, rac damaxasiaTebelia sazogado saxelebisaTvis. to-

ponimebi sazogado saxelebs SeiZleba emyarebodes (sazogado

saxeli iqceva sakuTar saxelad).

aseTi tipis saxelebi gvxvdeba rogorc makro- ise mikro-

toponimiaSi da maTi raodenoba sakmaod didia.

Cven mier aRwerili masalebi SevadareT `1715 wlis rui-

sis saepiskoposos davTris~ toponimiasTan, meTvramete sauku-

nis cnobili swavlulebis vaxuSti da ioane bagrationebis

`aRwerebTan~, aseve mecxramete saukunis presis masalebTan.

kompozitur geografiuli saxelebi, toponim-Sesityveba

kargad Cans ama Tu im punqtis teritoriul daxasiaTeba (ro-

meli epoqis saxelia, rodisaa warmoSobili da sxva).

aseTi tipis geografiul saxelebSi ZiriTadad gvaqvs

ori wevri, iSviaTad sami msazRvrel-sazRvrulis saxiT.

40

istoriuli: xundisubani, RarisTavi, mTavarJuli, tyisu-

bani, urmisaxeli, xtonis xevi, saqarTvelos cixe, axalSeni, qve-

natkoci...

axali: giorgiwminda, qvaTeTri, samwyali, Wmuruxevi, bze-

bis xevi...

mikrotoponimebi: siqturaanT daniTaulebi, gobejiSvile-

bis ubani, beraSvilebis miwebi, abedis Rele, xucianT tbebi,

mesxianT ubani...

gamoiyofa kompozitur saxelTa sxvadasxva tipebi, ro-

melTa Seswavla-mimdinare etapze aucilebel saqmed migvaCnia.

s as as as a l ol ol ol o m e o mm e o mm e o mm e o m iiii aaaa Z eZ eZ eZ e disdisdisdiskurkurkurkursusususuli komli komli komli kompepepepetentententenciciciciis deis deis deis defififificicicicititititi popopopolilililititititikur rikur rikur rikur ritotototoririririkakakakasa da massa da massa da massa da masmemememedidididiis enais enais enais enaSiSiSiSi

Tanamedrove politikur diskursSi auditoriis gaoceba

erT-erT mTavar maxasiaTeblad iqca. igive unda iTqvas poli-

tikurTan gadajaWvul masobriv-sainformacio diskurszec, rom-

lis ZiriTadi funqcia informirebis saSualebiT zemoqmedebaa.

aRniSnuli informirebis xerxebi Sesaqcev-gasarTob xasiaTs im-

TaviTve gulisxmobs, magram Seqmnili viTarebis analizi cxad-

yofs, rom momxmareblis, konkretul SemTxvevaSi _ mkiTxvelis,

msmenelis, mayureblisa Tu mTlianad eleqtoratis misamxro-

bad gaCaRebuli politikuri Tu masmediuri TamaSebi, arcTu

uwyinaria enis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT.

saganTa da movlenaTa aRweris sizuste diskursis tipze,

komunikaciuri situaciis ragvarobazea damokidebuli. Tu pir-

veladi sametyvelo Janrebi konsituaciuria da maTi sagnobri-

vi Sinaarsi umetesad dakvirvebis Sedegia, rac, Tavis mxriv, am

Sinaarsis cvalebad xasiaTs ganapirobebs, masmediis enaSi, gan-

sakuTrebiT ki politikuri diskursis amsaxvel ubanze, naTeli

41

da stabiluri mniSvnelobis mqone enobrivi erTeulebi unda

Warbobdes.

kvlevam gviCvena, rom Tanamedrove masobrivi kulturis

gavleniT komunikaciuri kompetenciis saerTo donem daiwia,

SeiniSneba periferiuli komunikaciuri praqtikis centraliza-

ciis tendencia _ leqsikuri fondis gaRaribeba, gramatikul

saSualebaTa gamartiveba, gamonaTqvamis emociuri Sinaarsis wi-

lis gazrda racionaluri Sinaarsis wilTan mimarTebiT, me-

tyvelebis vulgarizacia, razedac vrclad moxsenebaSi visaub-

rebT.

m em em em e r a b r or a b r or a b r or a b r o b ab ab ab a q iq iq iq i Z eZ eZ eZ e `̀̀̀vevevevefxifxifxifxityatyatyatyaososososnisnisnisnis~ ~ ~ ~ ererererTi taTi taTi taTi taeeeepis mniSpis mniSpis mniSpis mniSvnevnevnevnelolololobisbisbisbis dadadadadgedgedgedgeninininisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis

(`sjobs sayvarelsa moyvare razomca dauZabundes~)

1. ̀ Zabun~ iranulidan nasesxebi sityvaa qarTul enaSi; mi-

si ZiriTadi mniSvnelibaa `da sus teba~, `damarcxeba~; `Sepyro-

ba~; `datyveveba~; `Seiwreba~. iustine abulaZis `vfx~-is leqsi-

kon Si Sesulia sityva `dazabuneba~ aseTi ganmartebiT: dalaC-

reba, monurad qedis moxra, gam xrdaleba. ix. zabuni, gina Za-

buni; krebulSi Sesulia agreTve sparsul-qarTuli sityvebis

in deqsi, maT Sorisaa `zabuni~ (sazabuno), riTic dadasture-

bulia am sityyvis sparsuli warmo mavloba. mzia andronikaSvi-

lis naSromSi `narkvevebi iranul-qarTuli enobrivi urTier-

To bi dan~ es sityva araa Setanili, magram masSi mocemulia

msgavsi sityvebis iranulidan Se mos vlis fonetikuri kanon-

zomiereba, romlis mixedviT saS. spars. z-s qarTulSi Tavkidur

pozi ciaSi SeeZlo moeca rogorc zzzz, ise ZZZZ. rogorc vxedavT,

qarTulSi iranulidan Semosul `za bun~ sityvas qarTulSi

42

Tavkidur poziciaSi SeeZlo moeca rogorc `zabun~, aseve `Za-

bun~, ra sac gvidas tureben `vefxistyaosnis~ xelnawerebi. z>Z

fonetikuri variantebi gvxvdeba Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikaSi

(zorva // Zorva, zraxva // Zraxva, zaxili (Zaxili), zroxa //

Zroxa, zoeba // Zo(v)eba).

2222. sakiTxi exeba `daZabuneba~ sityvis mniSvnelobis dadge-

nas vfx-is erT strofSi, romelSic vkiTxulobT: «sjobs sayva-

relsa moyvare razomca dauZabundes» (833.2 _ 1957 wlis gamo-

cema) poemaSi gvxvdeba kidev am sityvis sxvadasxva forma: davZa-

bundi, daZabundes, saZabuno _ yvelgan dasustebis, sisus tis

mniSvnelobiT. miCneulia, rom moxmobil taepSi saWiroa «ar»

nawilakis aRdgena, winaaR mdeg SemTxvevaSi Sinaarsi Seusabamo

saxes iRebs im azriT, rom sayvarlisadmi moyvaris «da Zabune-

ba» moyvares Rirsebas ulaxavs da aseTi ram rusTavelis xeli-

dan ar gamovidodao (a. SaniZe). Sesabamisad, mkvlevaris azriT,

unda iyos «ar dauZabundes», rac strofs daubrunebs pirvan-

del saxeso. ismis kiTxva _ ramdenad sworia es Sexeduleba,

gamomdinareobs Tu ara is rusTavelis epoqis sulidan da poe-

midan, romelSic rainduli siyvarulia xotbaSesxmuli? vfiq-

rob, amgvari gaazreba ar unda iyos swori.

3333.... «visramianSi»-Si araerTxel vxvdebiT am sityvas. Zabu-

nis (daZabunebis) arsis gasagebad sinaTlis Setana SeuZliaT

aseT adgilebs am Txzulebidan, romelic Tavisi leqsikiT ax-

los dgas vfx-Tan: ramini ambobs: `ara maqvs Tmobisa Rone, aRa-

ra var gulsa zeda patroni... odiTgania Cemni Wirni, odiTgan

damiZabuna mijnurobaman! vici, romel wesia mijnurTa Zabunoba,

sneuli var da ususurad myofi, mijnurobisagan daZabunebuli

(raminis werili vi sis) me miwyiT Zabuni var. misgan kide Tuca

esre ubeduri ar viyav, me guli esre ver damimonebda; mijnu-

roba Zabunia. Senve daumdabldi mijnurobasa~. romanis moxmo-

bili adgi lebi sacnauryofs, rom `daZabuneba~ აris mijnuris

sulieri mdgomareoba, ~gulis WiriT~ ga mowveuli `sneuleba~.

43

4.4.4.4. vaxtang VI-is gamocemaSi aseTi komentaria mowodebu-

li: `sjobs sayvarelsa moyvare ra zomca dauZabundes~ = «rac

ram am sofels kacs Seuyvardeba sayvareli is aris da moyvare qriste aris; axla ambobs ragindara qristes sawyeni rom qnas

kacma da Seuyvardes codviT qriste dadadadaZaZaZaZabubububunenenenebubububuladladladlad hyvandes,

is uTqvams mainc qriste gijobso da sjobso». rogorc vxe davT,

vaxtangi am taepSi religiur siyvaruls xedavs da `moyvareSi~ qristes warmogvidgens; codvis Camdeni Tavis TavSi qristes

aZabunebs. Cven vfiqrobT, komentari naZaladevi da xelovnuria.

vaxtangi mTlianad am strofSi religiur gagebas aqsovs, rac

ar gamomdinare obs arc gansaxilveli strofis Sinaarsidan,

arc poemis sulidan, romelic renesansuli siyvarulis mziuri

sunTqviT, gagebiTa da cnobierebiTaa ganmsWvaluli.

5555. n. naTaZe `vfx~-is Tavis saskolo gamocemaSi CvenTvis

saintereso taepis sityvas ase gan martavs: `dauZabundes _ ga-

ugulCvildes, moulbes (mniSvneloba sworadaa mignebuli)~.

yu radRebas iqcvs d. CubinaSvilis leqsikonis ganmarteba: mi-

jnurobam damiZabuna, любовь сковала меня, visr. 154; 127; SesaZ-

lebelia, WeSmariteba vipovoT da davinaxoT am ganmartebaSi,

Tu mas gaviazrebT siyvarulis grZnobiT gamowveuli ~sneule-

biT~, `gulis WiriT~, rac Seyvarebul Sia aRZruli satrfos

mimarT.

6.6.6.6. avTandili daZabunebulia, ara im gagebiT, rom fiziku-

rad dasustebulia anda moqceulia Seyvarebulis Zlieri nebis

qveS, aramed imiT, rom misi Zlieri sasiyvarulo gancda-grZno

bebi mimarTulia (orientirebulia) satrfosadmi, romelsac

eTayvaneba; is savsea, dasneule bulia siyvarulis seniT (vne-

biT), `gulis WiriT~. aq `daZabuneba~ mkacrad gansazRvrul Si-

na arss iZens, rac WeSmariti siyvarulisTvis moucilebelia. es

is grZnobaa, roca mijnuris `guli wasulia~ da igi `ugulo-

daa~ darCenili. aseTi siyvaruli `dabneda~-sTan miaxlebaa, sa

damdisac midis avTandili, magram mas ar epueba: (wina 832

strofSi naTqvamia: `ra mieaxlis dabnedad, ver xel-hyvis da-Zrvad enisad~; magram avTandili Zlieri nebisyofis pirovnebaa

44

da damTrgunvel grZnobas ebrZvis: 833 - `Tqva: ~Cemo, Seni Sors myofi krulia, vinca dadumdes, / raTgan Sen dagrCa go-neba, guli Senkenve dabrundes, TvalTa mtiralTa Sexedva Seni-ve swad des da undes~. rogorc vxedavT, avTandili ver egueba

imas, rom igi da bnedamdea misuli da `enis daZvrac~ aRar Za-

luZs, mas gacnobierebuli aqvs, rom satrfos gan moSoreba

emuqreba `SekvriT~, rac `dadumebas~ (a. SaniZes konieqturis

saxiT Semoaqvs `daduneba~, rac agreTve ar aris swori, konteq-

sti moiTxovs swored `dadumebas~) iwvevs; Tavis Tavs Caago-

nebs, rom ~TvalTa mtiralTa Sexedva Senive swaddes da undes~

da aqve das Zens, rom `Sek vra_dabnedas~ sjobs iseT mdgomare-obaSi yofna, rogoricaa `daZabuneba~. amgva rad, rogorc vxe-davT, `dabnedas~ poemis avtori upirispirebs `daZabunebas~,

roca am bobs: sjobs, say va relsa moyvare razomca dauZabun-des~. es ki is mdgomareobaa, roca gamijnurebu li adamiani

gulsa da gonebas ar kargavs; sul sxva mdgomareobaSia tarie-

li _ igi dabnedi lia, mas guli, cnoba da goneba warTmeuli

aqvs, miuxedavad imisa, rom Cveulebriv mdgomare obaSi igi

brZeni raindia. Zlieri nebis adamians, rogoricaa avTandili,

es ar emarTeba miuxedavad imisa, rom igi miaxloebulia `dabne-

dasTan~, roca enis daZvrac SeuZlebeliaa, magram igi cnobie-

rebas ar kargavs, Segnebulad ebrZvis damTrgunvel grZno bas,

radgan aseT mdgomare obas amjobinebs `daZabunebis~ mdgomareoba-

Si yofnas _ `sjobs, sayvarelsa moyvare razomca dauZabundes~.

7777. `gulis Wiri~, rogorc mijnurobis sulier mdgomareo-

ba, kategoriulad gulisxmobs `da Zabunebas~, rac samijnuro

`dauZlurebaa~ (`davuZlurdi, mijnurTaTvis kvla wamali ar-

siT ari~), sneulebaa. moyvare uZabundeba sayvarels; `daZabune-

ba~, sazogadod, damaxasiaTebe lia mijnurobisTvis; rogorc

`visramianSia~ naTqvami _ «wesia mijnurTa Zabunoba».

45

m em em em e d e a s ad e a s ad e a s ad e a s a R l iR l iR l iR l i aaaa n in in in i

×ÒÀÆÄÏËÏÂÉÖÒ ÛÄÓÉÔÚÅÄÁÀÛÉ ÛÄÌÀÅÀË ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃ ÆÌÍÀÈÀ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÛÄÓÀÞËÄÁËÏÁÀÍÉ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÄÍÉÓ ÃÉÀËÄØÔ-ÊÉËÏÊÀÅÈÀ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ

ÉÓÄÅÄ, ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ØÀÒÈÖËÛÉ, ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉÝ ÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ ÉÓÄÈÉ ÓÉÔÚÅÀÈÀ

ÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÛÉÝ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÁÀ ÜÀÊÄÔÉËÉÀ ÌÊÀÝÒÀÃ ÂÀÍÓÀÆ-

ÙÅÒÖË ×ÒÀÆÄÏËÏÂÉÖÒ ÂÀÒÄÌÏÝÅÀÛÉ, ÈÖÌÝÀ ÄÒÈÂÅÀÒÏÅÍÄÁÀ ÀÌ

ÌáÒÉÅ ØÀÒÈÖËÓÀ ÃÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÍÀÌÃÅÉËÀÃ ÀÒ ÀÒÉÓ, ÃÀ ÄÓ ÀÒÝÀÀ

ÂÀÓÀÊÅÉÒÉ, ÅÉÍÀÉÃÀÍ, ÒÏÂÏÒÝ À. ÈÀÚÀÉÛÅÉËÉ ÌÉÖÈÉÈÄÁÃÀ, ÀÒÀ

ÌáÏËÏÃ ÄÍÄÁÓ ÛÏÒÉÓÀÀ ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÄÁÀ ÓÉÔÚÅÀÈÀ ÛÄÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÉÓ ÌáÒÉÅ,

ÀÒÀÌÄÃ ÄÒÈÉ ÄÍÉÓ ×ÀÒÂËÄÁÛÉ, ÌÉÓ ÓáÅÀÃÀÓáÅÀ ÄÔÀÐÄÁÓ ÛÏÒÉÓÀÝ.

ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ÓÀÖÁÀÒÉ ÉØÍÄÁÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ×ÒÀÆÄÏËÏÂÉÖÒ ÛÄÓÉ-

ÔÚÅÄÁÀÛÉ ÛÄÌÀÅÀË ÉÌ ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃ ÆÌÍÄÁÆÄ (ÌÀÂ.: ËÉÂÍÄ `ÃÂÏÌÀ" ÈÀÅÉÓÉ

ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÉ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÁÉÈ ÉáÌÀÒÄÁÀ ÚÅÄËÀ ÉÌ ÓÀÂÀÍÈÀ ÀÙÌÍÉÛÅÍÄË

ÀÒÓÄÁÉÈÈÀÍ, ÒÏÌÄËÈÀ ÃÂÏÌÀÝ ÒÄÀËÖÒÀÃ ÛÄÓÀÞËÄÁÄËÉÀ. ÌÀÂ.: ËéÂ

`ÃÂÀÓ" _ ØÏÒ `ÓÀáËÉ", ÌÄÂÄÌ `áÄ", ËÀÚæÒÀ `ÓÀßÏËÉ", àÉØ `àÉØÀ",

ÌðÛÉÍÀ `ÌÀÍØÀÍÀ" ÃÀ À. Û., ÌÀÂÒÀÌ ÉÂÉÅÄ ÆÌÍÀ ÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ ÛÄÌÃÄÂ ÛÄÓÉ-

ÔÚÅÄÁÄÁÛÉ: ÁðËÃ ËÉÂÍÄ (ÆÓ.), ÁðËÃ ËÉÂÄÍÄ (ËÍÔ.) `ÃÀ×ËÄÈÀ, ÍÀ×-

ËÄÈÄÁÀÃ ØÝÄÅÀ, ÃÀáÄÅÀ (ÆÄÃÌÉß. _ ×ËÄÈÀÃ ÃÂ-Ì-À)"; ÂÉÍãÉËÃ ËÉÂÍÄ

(ÆÓ.), ÂéÍãÉËÃ ËÉÂÍÄ (ËÛá.) `ÃÀ×ËÄÈÀ, ÃÀÂËÄãÀ (ÆÄÃÌÉß. _ ÂËÄã-ÀÃ

ÃÂ-Ì-À)"; ÂÒðÌÃ ËÉÂÍÄ (ÆÓ.) `×ÄÒ×ËÀÃ ØÝÄÅÀ (ÆÄÃÌÉß. _ ×ÄÒ×ËÀÃ

ÃÂ-Ì-À)"; ÂæðÓÐÃ ËÉÂÍÄ (ÁÆ.), ÂæðÓÐÃ ËÉÂÄÍÄ (ËÍÔ.) `ÃÀáÒÖÊÅÀ, ÃÀ-

ßÅÀ, ×ÄÒ×ËÀÃ ØÝÄÅÀ, ÝÄÝáËÛÉ ÛÈÀÍÈØÌÀ (ÆÄÃÌÉß. _ ×ÄÒ×ËÀÃ ÃÂ-Ì-

À)"...; ËÉÊÄÃ `ÀÙÄÁÀ" ÈÀÅÉÓÉ ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÉ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÁÉÈ ÉáÌÀÒÄÁÀ ÚÅÄËÀ

ÉÌ ÓÀÂÀÍÈÀ ÀÙÌÍÉÛÅÍÄË ÀÒÓÄÁÉÈÈÀÍ, ÒÏÌÄËÈÀ ÀÙÄÁÀÝ ÒÄÀËÖÒÀÃ

ÛÄÓÀÞËÄÁÄËÉÀ. ÌÀÂ.: ÉÊÄÃ `ÉÙÄÁÓ" _ ËÄÆæÄÁÓ `ÓÀàÌÄËÓ", ÁðÒÂÓ

`ÀÅÄãÓ, ÍÉÅÈÄÁÓ", ÁðÜÓ `ØÅÀÓ", áÉËÓ `áÉËÓ", ×ÄØÓ `×ØÅÉËÓ" ÃÀ À. Û.,

ÌÀÂÒÀÌ ÉÂÉÅÄ ÆÌÍÀ ÃÀÓÔÖÒÃÄÁÀ ÛÄÌÃÄÂ ÛÄÓÉÔÚÅÄÁÄÁÛÉ: ÀØóÍì ËÉÊÄÃ

(ÁÆ.), ÀØðÍÎðÛ ËÉÊÄÃ (ÁØ.), ÀØêÍÉ ËÉÊÄÃ (ËÛá.), ÀØÀÍÉ ËÉÊÄÃ (ËÍÔ.)

`ÌÉÓÀËÌÄÁÀ (ÆÄÃÌÉß. _ ÓÀËÌÉÓ ÀÙÄÁÀ)"; ÁÏËÄÊÃ ËÉÊÄÃ (ÆÓ.) `ÞÉÒ×ÄÓ-

ÅÉÀÍÀÃ ÀÌÏÂÃÄÁÀ, ÀÌÏßÚÅÄÔÀ (ÆÄÃÌÉß. _ ÁÏËÏÊ-ÀÃ ÀÙÄÁÀ)"; ÝáÀÒðÒÈÄ-

ÑÉ ËÉÊÄÃ (ÁØ.) `ÀÁÖÜÀÃ ÀÂÃÄÁÀ (ÆÄÃÌÉß. _ ×ÒÜáÉËÄÁ{ÉÓ}ÊÄÍÆÄ ÀÙÄÁÀ)";

ÁÒÉÂÉ ËÉÊÄÃ (ÁÆ.) `ÖÄÝÀÒÉ ÂÀÒÃÀÝÅÀËÄÁÀ, ×ÄáÄÁÉÓ ÂÀ×ÛÄÊÀ (ÆÄÃÌÉß. _

46

ÁÒÀÂÅÀÍ-É{Ó} ÀÙÄÁÀ)"...; ËÉâÄÃ `ÌÏÓÅËÀ" ÈÀÅÉÓÉ ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÉ

ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÁÉÈ ÉáÌÀÒÄÁÀ ÚÅÄËÀ ÉÌ ÓÖËÉÄÒÉÓ ÀÙÌÍÉÛÅÍÄË ÀÒÓÄÁÉÈÈÀÍ,

ÒÏÌÄËÈÀ ÌÏÓÅËÀÝ ÒÄÀËÖÒÀÃ ÛÄÓÀÞËÄÁÄËÉÀ. ÌÀÂ.: âÄÃÍÉ `ÌÏÅÀ" _

ÌÀÒÄ `ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉ", ÆÖÒÀË `ØÀËÉ", âðÍ `áÀÒÉ", ÌÖÛÂæÒÉ `ÓÔÖÌÀÒÉ",

ÈáÄÒÄ `ÌÂÄËÉ" ÃÀ À. Û., ÌÀÂÒÀÌ ÉÂÉÅÄ ÆÌÍÀ áÛÉÒÀÃ ÂÀÌÏÉÚÄÍÄÁÀ ÛÄÌÃÄÂ

ÛÄÓÉÔÚÅÄÁÄÁÛÉ: áÏËÀ ÊÖàÉ ËÉâÄÃ|×ÉÓêÒ ÊÖàÉ ËÉâÄÃ (ËÛá.)

`ÂÀÁÒÀÆÄÁÀ (ÆÄÃÌÉß. _ ÝÖÃÉ ÊÖà-É{Ó} ÌÏÓÅËÀ|×ÉÓ-ÉÀÍ-É ÊÖà-É ÌÏ-

ÓÅËÀ)"; ÛÃéØÃ ËÉâÄÃ (ÆÓ.) `ÀÓÀÊÛÉ ÛÄÓÅËÀ, ÅÉÍÌÄÓ (ÜÅÄÖËÄÁÒÉÅ ÌÏáÖ-

ÝÉÓ) ÀÓÀÊÀÌÃÄ ÌÉÓÅËÀ (ÆÄÃÌÉß. _ ÊÁÉËÀÃ ÌÏÓÅËÀ)"; ÛÄÒÏÁðÛ ËÉâÄÃ

(ÜÁá.) `ÌÏÙËÀ, ÌÏØÀÍÝÅÀ, ÃÀÛÅÒÏÌÀ, ÌÏÈÌÉÍÄÁÉÃÀÍ ÂÀÌÏÓÅËÀ; ÈÀÅÌÏÁÄÆ-

ÒÄÁÖËÏÁÀ (ÆÄÃÌÉß. _ ÌÀÛÅÒÀË-ÏÁ-ÉÓ ÌÏÓÅËÀ)"; áÏËÀ ÂÖÌÉ ËÉâÄÃ

(ËÛá.) `ÂÀÁÒÀÆÄÁÀ (ÆÄÃÌÉß. _ ÝÖÃÉ ÂÖË-É{Ó} ÌÏÓÅËÀ)" ÃÀ À. Û.),

ÒÏÌËÄÁÉÝ ÀØÔÉÖÒÀÃ ÌÏÍÀßÉËÄÏÁÄÍ ×ÒÀÆÄÏËÏÂÉÆÀÝÉÉÓ ÐÒÏÝÄÓÛÉ.

ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖËÉ ÆÌÍÄÁÉ ÃÀãÂÖ×ÄÁÖËÉÀ ÌÀÈÉ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÛÄÓÀÞËÄÁ-

ËÏÁÉÓ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ.

Å×ÉØÒÏÁÈ, ÌÓÂÀÅÓÉ ÆÌÍÄÁÉÓ ÓÒÖËÀÃ ÀÙßÄÒÀ ÃÀ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ

ÛÄÓÀÞËÄÁËÏÁÉÓ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ ÃÀãÂÖ×ÄÁÀ ÌÄÔÀÃ ÓÀÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÏ ÉØÍÄÁÀ

ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ×ÒÀÆÄÏËÏÂÉÆÌÄÁÉÓ ÓÒÖË×ÀÓÏÅÀÍÉ ÛÄÓßÀÅËÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ.

ÌÀÓÀËÀÆÄ ÃÀÊÅÉÒÅÄÁÀÌ ÝáÀÃÚÏ, ÒÏÌ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÂÀÒÊÅÄÖËÉ

ÓÉÔÚÅÉÓ ÉÒÂÅËÉÅ ÛÄØÌÍÉË ×ÒÀÆÄÏËÏÂÉÖÒ ÛÄÓÉÔÚÅÄÁÄÁÓ ÌÏÞÌÄ

ØÀÒÈÖË ÄÍÀÛÉ, áÛÉÒ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀÛÉ, ÀÒ ÂÀÀÜÍÉÀ ÒÉÝáÏÁÒÉÅÀÃ ÔÏËÉ

ÐÀÒÀËÄËÄÁÉ. ÒÏÃÄÓÀÝ ÀÒÀÌÏÍÀÈÄÓÀÅÄ ÄÍÄÁÓ ÛÏÒÉÓ áÃÄÁÀ ÛÄÃÀÒÄÁÀ,

ÄÓ ÂÀÒÊÅÄÖË ÊÉÈáÅÄÁÓ ÉÌÃÄÍÀÃ ÀÒ ÀÜÄÍÓ, ÌÀÂÒÀÌ ÒÏÃÄÓÀÝ

ÌÏÍÀÈÄÓÀÅÄ ÄÍÀÈÀ ÓÉÔÚÅÀÈÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÓ ÛÏÒÉÓ ÀÓÄÈÉ ÛÄÓÀÌÜÍÄÅÉ ÃÀ

ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÄÁÖËÉ ÓáÅÀÏÁÀÀ, ÄÓ ÖÊÅÄ ÂÀÓÀÊÅÉÒÉÀ ÃÀ, ÜÅÄÍÉ ÀÆÒÉÈ, Ö×ÒÏ

ÓÉÙÒÌÉÓÄÖË ÊÅËÄÅÀÓ ÌÏÉÈáÏÅÓ.

47

m u rm u rm u rm u r m a n s um a n s um a n s um a n s u x i Sx i Sx i Sx i S v iv iv iv i l il il il i

ausausausauslalalalauuuutis u datis u datis u datis u dabobobobololololoeeeebisbisbisbis SeSeSeSesasasasaxeb Zvelxeb Zvelxeb Zvelxeb Zvel qarqarqarqarTulTulTulTulSiSiSiSi

uuuu xmovanze daboloebuli saxelebi Zvel qarTulSi, ro-

gorc wesi, erTmarcvliania da am erTaderT marcvals swored

----uuuu qmnis; r u - �, d r k u - �, c r u - �, y r u - � da misT. (gamo-

naklisia reduplicirebuli Z u Z u - � ). or- da metmarcvlian

fuZeTa auslautSi ----uuuu ukve Zvel qarTulSi ubrjgud (…) aris

qceuli: daT…-i, Tag…-i, iday…-i... (i. imnaiSvili 1957, 119-122).

uuuu da ………… fonemaTa aseTi distribucia auslautSi erT- da

metmarcvlian fuZeebs Soris Zvel qarTulSi moqmedi maxviliT

unda yofiliyo gapirobebuli (gamyreliZe, maWavariani 1965,

Sdr., uTurgaiZe 1976).

fuZis bolokidur (a, e, o, u) xmovanTagan qarTulSi, ro-

gorc cnobilia, u-s garda yvela xmovani gvevlineba mawarmoe-

beli sufiqsis rolSi, auslautis uuuu fonemis derivaciuli

funqcia ki miCqmalulia, _ is Ziriseuladac gaiazreba: `es

fuZeebi martivi Cans, bolokiduri fuZiseuli xmovani Zireu-

lad miiCneva, magram sakmarisia zogi maTgani gavaanalizoT qar-

Tveluri enebis CvenebaTa gamoyenebiT, rom xsenebul fuZeTa

simartive saeWvo gaxdes~ (Ciqobava 1942, 6).

yru-� da drku-� sityvebSi SedarebiTi analizis Sedegad

bolokiduri ----uuuu gamonawevrdeba, oRond erT SemTxvevaSi amo-

savlad saxelis fuZe (yur-) moiazreba: yur- > *yur-u > yr-u

(Ciqobava 1938; 1942, Tofuria 1940, klimovi 1964...), meore

SemTxvevaSi _ zmnuri fuZe: *derk-u > drk-u (Ciqobava 1942),

*drek-u > drk-u an drk-a > drk-u (uTurgaiZe 1976).

auslautis uuuu xmovnis sufiqsuroba ufro gamokveTilia

iseT erTmarcvlian fuZeebTan, romelTac zedsarTauli (resp.

mimReoburi) mniSvneloba aqvT: ksu-�, `uxeSi~, brku-� `blu~, cru-� `tyuili; matyuara~ da sxv. (Sdr., sagnobrivi mniSvnelo-bis aRmniSvneli erTmarcvliani bu-� / buv-i, ru-� / ruv-i, Tum-ca am ukanasknelSi sagnobrivis garda zmnuri (moqmedebis Sede-

48

gis `Rru~, `xvreli~) mniSvnelobac gamoixateba, Sdr.: `nawlev-ni Seiwynareben r u v T a Sina maTTa nivTsa, mas uSuersa... da mier gansTxeven~. m. sw. 176, 24.

Zveli Tu axali qarTuli enis masalis safuZvelze ----uuuu su-fiqsad gamoiyofa Semdeg erTmarcvlian fuZeebSi: br-u, Rrj-u (fenrixi, sarjvelaZe 2000), dRl-u (klimovi 1976), bnd-u, dRl-u, Rrj-u (jorbenaZe 1980) da sxv. am formantis realu-roba upiratesad rogorc qarTul, aseve zanur da svanur zmnur fuZeebTan SepirispirebiT mowmdeba, Sdr.: br-u _ br-un-av-s, megr. bur-in-i, Rrj-u _ Rrej-s, svan. li-Rj-ˆn-e, dRl-u _ dRl-ez-s, megr. dRul-af-a, Wan. o-ndRul-u, bnd-u _ bned-s da sxv. dialeqturi (xevs.) zirw-u `wivil-kiviliT Secxadeba~ formalurad da semantikuradac aseve zmnuri ZrwunZrwunZrwunZrwun fuZis va-rianti Cans (arabuli 2001).

qarTul-zanur doneze rekonstruirebul martiv *yur- da

warmoqmnil *yur-u saxelebis zanuri variantebis gansxvavebu-li fonematuri Sedgeniloba (‡uj-i da ‡ur-u) gamoricxavs

megr. ‡ur-u (`regveni~ < `yru~) derivaciuli formisaTvis amo-savlad *‡ur- Zirs: megrulsa da WanurSi saxelur fuZeTa aus-

lautSi r > j-s (palatalizacia -iiii formantis zegavleniT), Sdr.: saerTo-qarTv. *yur- qarT. yur-i : megr./Wan. ‡uj-i; saxeluri ‡ur- Ziridan warmoebis SemTxvevaSi megrulSi ‡ur-u-s nacvlad mosa-lodneli iyo *‡uj-u (Sdr.: megr. ‡uj-a `regveni~, Wan. ‡uja `yru~); amasTan, sadavo Cans qarT. yru-s yur- saxeluri fuZis re-

ducirebuli (*yr-u < *yur-u) formidan momdinareobis sakiTxic,

radganac istoriulad qarTulSi mxolod or- da metmarcvliani saxeluri fuZeebi ikumSeboda (uTurgaiZe 1976).

ase rom, sacilobeli SeiZleba gaxdes qarT. yru da megr. ‡uru derivaciul formaTa ara marto amosavali fuZis rao-bis, aramed am formaTa genetikuri mimarTebis sakiTxic.

calkeul fuZeTa istoriul-SedarebiTi analizi saerTo-qarTvelur doneze auslautis ----uuuu-s formantiseulobas da am-gvar fuZeTa zmnur warmomavlobas mianiSnebs, Sdr.: qarT. RrZ-u / RrZ-o : svan. Rij-u bq., lSx. `daRrejili~, li-Rj-ˆn-e `gaRi-zianeba~ (Cuxua 2000-2003).

49

T e a t eT e a t eT e a t eT e a t e t et et et e l o Sl o Sl o Sl o S v iv iv iv i l il il il i

trantrantrantranslaslaslaslaciciciciasasasasTan daTan daTan daTan dakavkavkavkavSiSiSiSirerererebubububuli ramli ramli ramli ramdedededeninininimemememe sasasasakikikikiTxiTxiTxiTxisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis

termin trantrantrantranslaslaslaslaciciciciiTiTiTiT aRiniSneba gramatikuli movlena, romlis drosac `srulmniSvnelovani sityva erTi gramatikuli klasidan gadadis meoreSi~. sityvis `klasi~ da funqcia imde-nad mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli erTmaneTTan, rom `klasis~ cvlileba iwvevs sityvis funqciis cvlilebas da _ piriqiT.

trantrantrantranslaslaslaslaciciciciisisisis vrceli enaTmecnieruli Seswavla dakavSire-bulia frangi mecnieris _ lusien tenieris _ saxelTan. qar-Tul lingvistikaSi termin trantrantrantranslaslaslaslaciciciciisisisis saxeliT aRniSnuli gramatikuli movlenis Seswavlas arcTu ise xangrZlivi isto-ria aqvs da sul ramdenime naSroms moicavs. Tumca isic unda iTqvas, rom is gramatikuli saSualebebi, romlebic gamoiyene-

ba transalciisTvis, araerTi qarTveli gramatikosis Seswav-lis obieqti gamxdara.

translaciis kvlevisas ikveTeba garkveuli sakiTxebi, rom-lebic, Cveni azriT, sainteresoa ara marto translaciis srulyofili SeswavlisaTvis, aramed zogi gramatikuli Sexe-dulebis gansxvavebul WrilSi warmoCenisTvisac.

sityvis translirebisTvis gamoiyeneba rogorc morfo-logiuri elementebi (translativebi), ise sintaqsuri saSua-lebebi. magaliTad:

• sityva `qudisgan~ maadieqtivebeli translativis _ -ianianianian-

is _ darTviT viRebT adieqtivs: qudqudqudqud----iiii → qudqudqudqud----ianianianian----iiii _

subsubsubsubstanstanstanstantitititivivivivi → adiadiadiadieqeqeqeqtitititivivivivi (translaciis morfologiuri saSualeba);

• winadadebaSi `me gaTamamebuli var lalalalamamamamazezezezebibibibisasasasagangangangan~ (qegl, t. IV) adieqtivi gvevlineba substantivis funqciiT, masasa-dame, gasubstantivebulia (translaciis sintaqsuri saSua-leba). zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, daismis kiTxva: sad aris

translaciis adgili _ morfologiasa Tu sintaqsSi?

50

Tu davuSvebT, rom translaciis SemTxvevaSi mocemuli si-

tyva icvlis funqcias, romel metyvelebis nawils unda miva-

kuTvnoT translirebuli varianti? magaliTad, zemomoyvanil

winadadebSi (`me gaTamamebuli var lalalalamamamamazezezezebibibibisasasasagangangangan~) dadasture-

buli sityva-forma `lalalalamamamamazezezezebisbisbisbisgangangangan~ zedsarTav saxelad unda

ganvixiloT Tu arsebiTad?

am da translirebul formaTa Seswavlisas gamokveTil ki-

dev ramdenime sxva sakiTxs vrclad gavaanalizebT moxsenebaSi.

Л а р и с а Т у п ц о к о в а О некоторых глагольных частицах адыгейского языка

Глагольные частицы адыгейского языка не являлись предметом специального монографического исследования. Этому вопросу уде-лялось внимание, например, в некоторых научных исследованиях и статьях З.И. Керашевой, М.А.Кумахова, Б.М. Берсирова, в «Грамматике адыгейского языка» Г.В. Рогава и З.И. Керашевой… Однако, по сей день остается целый ряд нерешенных вопросов по изучению глагольных частиц.

Так, нет единого мнения ученых – языковедов и в самом их определении. М.А. Кумахов выделяет их как глагольные суффиксы. Глагольные суффиксы, хотя многие их них непродуктивны или малопродуктивны, разнообразны в функциональном отношении (с. 245). Другие авторы (Г.В Рогава и З.И, Керашева в «Грамматике адыгейского языка») называют их глагольными частицами. Здесь дается наиболее полная характеристика фунциональных особенностей глагольных частиц и описываются их словоизменительные способности. Г.В. Рогава и З. И. Керашева в своей грамматике коснулись не всех глагольных частиц адыгейского языка, а также вопроса их продуктивности. Тамже авторы рассматривают именные частицы -гъуай (-гъуей), -гъош1у (-гъуаф1э), -к1ай (-к1ей) и др.

Нужно отметить семантически важную особенность глагольных частиц – их связь с категорией модальности, то есть, выражения эмоциональной оценки говорящего к объективной действительности.

51

Глагольные частицы, не выделенные в литературе, можно раз-делить на три группы.

1) Фонетические варианты рассмотренных глагольных частиц: -х-: сыуук1ыгъа-х «ты меня уже убил» (Нэмык1

къыхэмыгъэхьажьми сыуук1ыгъах, Зура. «Если даже не добавишь еще чего-то, ты и так меня уже убил, Зура.» (Ю.Т.). Имеет значение завершенности. М.А Кумахов определяет –х- как суффикс глагола.

-к1ае-: иш1угъо-к1ае-у «довольно зажиточно» (Василь ятэ иунагъо иш1угъок1аеу псэущтыгъэ. «Семья отца Василя жила довольно зажиточно» (Т.К.). Имеет увеличительную (амплификативную) функ-цию. Г.В. Рогава и З.И. Керашева включают –к1ай- в глагольные частицы.

-го-: ыш1э-го-рэп «пока не знает» (Джыри ешак1э ыш1эгорэп. «Он пока не знает, как надо удить» (Т.К.). Ограничительная функция «пока» (ограничивает продолжительность действия финитного глагола).

-къу-: сыхэу-къу-агъ « я ошибся» (Ащ нахь ш1у1уа1ок1э сыпщыгугъыщтыгъ, ау сыхэукъуагъ. «Я надеялся, что ты будешь лучше, но я ошибся» (Ю.Т.). Показывает ошибочность, неудачность характера действия.

2) Глагольные частицы с отличной семантикой: -хэ-: уфэя-хэ-п «ты совершенно не хочешь». (... О уафэулэуныр

уик1ас, ау уиныбджэгъу горэ бгъэулэунк1э уфэяхэп. « Ты любишь для них хлопотать,но совершенно не хочешь беспокоить кого-нибудь из друзей (Ю.Т.).». Имеет значение категоричности, оттенок несогласия.

-к1ы-: хэлъэщы-к1ы «он прихрамывает». (Ныом ылъэгъурэр к1элэ ищыгъ, лъэпэ-лъаг, к1опц1э нэгу, костюм ч1ыпц1э щыгъ,1элъэныкъомк1э чемоданыр ы1ыгъ, адрэ 1эм плащ п1уак1эр едзэк1ыгъ, къыхэмыщыпэу, ау гуфаплъэу, уеплъыпэмэ хэпш1ык1эу хэлъэщык1ы. «Старушка видит подтянутого молодого человека, стройного, смуглолицего, одет в темный костюм, в одной руке держит чемодан, через другую перекинут черный плащ, едва заметно, но присмотревшишь видно, что он заметно прихрамывает (Т.К.)». Некоторые глагольные основы на к1ы (ик1ын, хэк1ын) потеряли свое первоначальное значение глагола и выполняют функции частиц.

3) Нововыявленные глагольные частицы: -ие-, -ые-, -ия-: и1эн-ие-ба «есть же», агъэш1эгъон –ые-п «не

удивились бы», щысэбгъэлъэгъун-ия «ты мне там разве показал бы» (Гъунэ горэ и1эниеба, мазэ мэхъушъ гъогум сытет. «Есть же какой-то предел этому, уже месяц, как я на дороге» (Ю.Т.).

-я-: плъэк1ынхэ- я «ну разве ты смог бы» (Ау мощ фэдэ унагъом щебгъэ1эзэнхэ плъэк1ынхэя! - уцыр щытзэ къошыным игъухьажьыгъ.

52

«Ну разве ты смог бы в такой семье ее лечить! – стоя в кувшине растение завяло» (Т.К.). Оттенок сожаления.

-а-: сытебгъэт1ысхьана «ты разве посадишь меня на коня» (- Адэ шым сытебгъэт1ысхьана? – ы1уагъ к1алэм. «Ты разве посадишь меня на коня? – сказал парень» (Адыгские сказки).

r o sr o sr o sr o s t o m f at o m f at o m f at o m f a r er er er e uuuu l il il il i Z eZ eZ eZ e

SeSeSeSedadadadarerererebibibibiTi Ti Ti Ti `̀̀̀brunbrunbrunbrunvisvisvisvis~ ~ ~ ~ sasasasakikikikiTxiTxiTxiTxisasasasaTvis CeCTvis CeCTvis CeCTvis CeCnurnurnurnurSiSiSiSi

specialuri literaturis mixedviT CeCnurSi gamoyofilia

rva brunva: saxelobiTi, naTesaobiTi, micemiTi, ergativi, Tana-

obiTi, ganmsWvalviTi, SedarebiTi da mimarTulebiTi (p. usla-

ri, d. imnaiSvili, i. iakovlevi, i. deSerievi...).

am brunvaTagan pirveli oTxi miCneulia ZiriTad brunvad,

danarCeni oTxi ki _ Tandebulianad. ZiriTadi brunvebi gamo-

xataven sintaqsur urTierTobebs, Tandebulianebi sivrcobrivi

urTierTobebis gamomxatveli brunvebia.

Cveni azriT, e. w. SedarebiTi ar warmoadgens brunvis

formas. igi gamoxatavs sagnis sxva saganTan tolobas an me-

tnaklebobas da iwarmoeba ----llll formantiT. mag.:

sax. govr `cxeni~

Sed. govr-a-l `cxenisodena~, `cxenze~ (meti an naklebi)

sax. Cim `fifqi~, `ferfli~

Sed. Cim-a-l `fifqisodena~, `ferflisodena~, `fifqze~ (me-

ti an naklebi), `ferflze~ (meti an naklebi)...

saxelis am formas aqvs ----((((aaaa))))llallallalla alomorfic, romelsac

tolobis aRniSvnis funqcia aqvs.

rogorc magaliTebidan Cans, ----llll formantis funqcia aris

Sedarebis gamoxatva, igi warmoqmnis elementia da Tandebuleb-

Tan kavSiri ara aqvs.

maSasadame, CeCnurSi SedarebiTi `brunvis~ forma brunvas

ar warmoadgens, igi amosaRebia brunvaTa paradigmidan.

53

n an an an a T eT eT eT e l a f a rl a f a rl a f a rl a f a r t et et et e n an an an a Z eZ eZ eZ e

SavSavSavSavSuSuSuSuris sinris sinris sinris sintaqtaqtaqtaqsur Tasur Tasur Tasur TavivivivisesesesebubububurerererebabababaTa SeTa SeTa SeTa Sesasasasaxebxebxebxeb

SavSuri metyveleba metad saintereso suraTs iZleva sin-

taqsuri TvalsazrisiT. es gansakuTrebiT exeba msazRvrel-sa-

zRvrulis urTierTobasa da qvemdebare-Semasmenlis ricxvSi

Sewyobis sakiTxebs, Tumca arc qvemdebarisa da damateba-obieq-

tebis sintaqsuri konstruqciebia umniSvnelo, am kuTxiTac sa-

kmaod saintereso suraTi ikveTeba.

1111. . . . msamsamsamsazRvrzRvrzRvrzRvrelelelel----sasasasazRvruzRvruzRvruzRvrulililili.... SavSuri metyvelebisTvis Ziri-

Tadad damaxasiaTebelia msazRvrel-sazRvrulis prepoziciuri

wyoba. atributul msazRvrelad ararararsesesesebibibibiTi saTi saTi saTi saxexexexelililili iSviaTad

gvxvdeba:

zedzedzedzedsarsarsarsarTaTaTaTavvvviiii sa sa sa saxexexexelllliiii xSirad fuZis saxiTaa warmodgenili

rogorc saxelobiT, aseve moTxrobiTsa da naTesaobiT brunveb-

Si:

`Tu koWl TekoWl TekoWl TekoWl Temumumumuriririri ara mosqovic osmalusa iyo~; `gogov,

gogov faciav axal kaaxal kaaxal kaaxal kababababa gacvia~; èlaparaka iman did vindid vindid vindid vincxacxacxacxamamamama

uTxra qi gouSviTo~; `̀̀̀Zvel inZvel inZvel inZvel insnebsnebsnebsnebmamamama icodnen baTumi, Cevidod-

nen, mevidodnen~; `Zvel muxZvel muxZvel muxZvel muxtristristristris qalia, is alaparakeT axla,

Cemidan geyofian~...

gvaqvs pirdapiri wyobis iseTi SemTxvevebi, roca micemiT

brunvaSi fuZis saxiT warmodgenil msazRvrels sazRvruli yo-

velTvis fuZis saxiT ewyoba:

`CveCveCveCvenenenenebur kacbur kacbur kacbur kac uTqvams, raze mieci qalio?~; `muxis rko ma-

garia, isac magaria, ixlamuli, yviyviyviyviTel CiTel CiTel CiTel CiCegCegCegCeg isxams~; èrqeqali

cota diduani arian, is hazir marmarmarmartiv Tafltiv Tafltiv Tafltiv Tafl Wams~...

igive suraTi gvaqvs riririricxvicxvicxvicxviTi saTi saTi saTi saxexexexeliTliTliTliT gadmocemul msa-

zRvrelTan:

èskobars etyvian, or welor welor welor welwadwadwadwad eskeri viyav, jari-gia?~;

`TxuTTxuTTxuTTxuTmet dRemet dRemet dRemet dRe dadgeboda, hama isa adga axla~...

gvxvdeba iseTi SemTxvevac, rodesac micemiT brunvaSi mdga-

ri msazRvreli sazRvruls nawilobriv eTanxmeba:

54

àm dro, ani, ererererTi litTi litTi litTi litra Zesra Zesra Zesra Zes am dro imdeni qi yaSuRi,

kovzi iani mawonSi Cadev, ameiRe, Sayeneb, iani~...

gvxvdeba Taviseburi Sewyobis SemTxvevac, micemiT brunvaSi,

roca msazRvreli unda iyos warmodgenili fuZis saxiT da sa-

zRvruli irTavdes brunvis niSans, SavSurSi piriqiT gvxvdeba,

gaurkveveli raodenobis aRmniSvneli msazRvreli dairTavs

brunvis niSans, sazRvruli ki fuZis saxiTaa: ùcocxlian

bevrs xalxbevrs xalxbevrs xalxbevrs xalx aq~...

nanananacvalcvalcvalcvalsasasasaxelxelxelxelTaTaTaTagangangangan atributul msazRvrelad xSirad

gvxvdeba kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelebi. SavSurSi pirveli pi-

ris kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelebi (rogorc mxolobiTi, aseve

mravlobiTi ricxvis) saxelobiT, moTxrobiTsa da micemiT

brunvaSi TiTqmis ar dairTavs brunvis niSans, is ZiriTadad

fuZis saxiTaa warmodgenili. kerZod:

òTuzbeS Tane CujuRlar akiTxvina Cem kacCem kacCem kacCem kacmamamama~; èrTi

mogvZebna fasaforTiT, Cem siCem siCem siCem siZemZemZemZem moZebna, or-sami welia~...

aris SemTxveva, rodesac kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxeli mo-

TxrobiT brunvaSi gaformebulia saxelobiTi brunvis niSniT.

`CeCeCeCemi bami bami bami babobobobomamamama imiyvana, avaT viyavi~...

SeiZleba orive nawili fuZis saxiT iyos warmodgenili:

àxla xarebi marto Cem siCem siCem siCem simamrmamrmamrmamr yavs~; `Cem maCem maCem maCem mamammammammamTilTilTilTil qali

yavda, gadmodian, gaqucven da wadian~...

inversiuli wyoba gacilebiT naklebia, isic im SemTxvevaSi,

roca msazRvreli ricxviTi saxelia:

`SviSviSviSvili oTxili oTxili oTxili oTxi Tane myavs~; `xevwuruli anai myavs, Zma erZma erZma erZma erTiTiTiTi

Tane~...

subsubsubsubstanstanstanstantitititiuuuuri msari msari msari msazRvrezRvrezRvrezRvrelililili. SavSur metyvelebaSi substan-

tiuri msazRvreli umetesad prepoziciuria. xSiria substan-

tiuri msazRvreli brunvis niSnis Tanxmovandakarguli formiT

Sewyoba saxelobiT brunvaSi mdgar sazRvrulTan:

`ver mevgone did saxli, kldi Takldi Takldi Takldi Tavivivivi~; `lobio aris agaru-

lai, xaSxaSxaSxaSri lori lori lori lobiobiobiobio~...

aseTi formebis gverdiT gvxvdeba fuZis saxiT warmodgeni-

li substantiuri msazRvrelic: àra aq, ara sisisisimind komind komind komind kototototoriririri~...

55

iSviaTia piruku SemTxvevebi, roca micemiT brunvaSi msa-

zRvreli srulad dairTavs brunvis niSans, magram sazRvrulia

fuZis saxiT warmodgenili:

`yrali suli udis ananananwlis furwlis furwlis furwlis furcelcelcelcel~...

inversiuli wyoba umetesad gvaqvs maSin, roca sazRvruli

Sedgenili Semasmenlis saxeladi nawilia:

`kaxiZeebi nanananaTeTeTeTesasasasavia Cevia Cevia Cevia Cemimimimi~; `Cveni cicicicixea bazxea bazxea bazxea bazgigigigirererereTiTiTiTisasasasa~ ...

2222. . . . qvemqvemqvemqvemdedededebabababaririririsa da Sesa da Sesa da Sesa da Semasmasmasmasmenmenmenmenlis rilis rilis rilis ricxvcxvcxvcxvSi SeSi SeSi SeSi SeTanTanTanTanxmexmexmexmebabababa

Semasmeneli mravlobiTSia qvemdebaresTan iseT SemTxveveb-

Si, sadac unda yofiliyo mxolobiTSi da piriqiT, mxolobiT-

Sia, roca unda Sewyoboda mravlobiTis formiT:

`Cemi sisisisimammammammamriririri axla izmiT ariariariarianananan~... `qeqeqeqeriririri,,,, budRa-furnesi qi

acxoben, TeTri, wiTelic ariariariarianananan~... àq ararararvinvinvinvin ar dadadadarCerCerCerCebibibibianananan~;

àraaraaraaravinvinvinvin ar ariariariarianananan iqa axla~... `xalxalxalxalxixixixi vin ariariariarianananan es kidi iqa?~;

`jibis Terefis mamamamayayayayariririri fuls gadagadagadagadaayayayayririririanananan~... àq TeTeTeTeli gurli gurli gurli gurji ji ji ji

ariariariarianananan~; èski mileTi arian, TeTeTeTelililili kai ariariariarianananan~. `TurqeTSi bevbevbevbevri ri ri ri

xalxalxalxalxi cxovxi cxovxi cxovxi cxovrorororobenbenbenben~; `bevbevbevbevriririri xal xal xal xalxi mexi mexi mexi meiyiyiyiyrerererebibibibianananan~... `bevbevbevbevri gadmori gadmori gadmori gadmo----

vdenvdenvdenvden, Taqsi qveSeSeTSi gadaxta, amavyvaneT~; `xuTi komli rCe-

bian, bevbevbevbevri wari wari wari wadidididianananan~... `wawawawadidididian rZalan rZalan rZalan rZal----SviSviSviSvilililili~; `̀̀̀dededededamdamdamdamTilTilTilTil----mamamamamamamama----

TilTilTilTil ar yavs, mememememikmikmikmikdendendenden~...`TqvenSi hashashashastnetnetnetnebi arisbi arisbi arisbi aris?~; ìqidan

gadmogadmogadmogadmovdovdovdovdoda buda buda buda buReReReRebibibibi deiWedebodnen mierevoda, Sevdoden mo-

revSi~...

3333. . . . qvemqvemqvemqvemdedededebabababaris brunris brunris brunris brunvevevevebibibibi. . . . icisicisicisicis’ znasTan qvemdebare gvxvde-

ba saxelobiT brunvaSi: `xoxoxoxoja ja ja ja (=xojam) icisicisicisicis gurjuli...~. xSiria

gardauval zmnasTan qvemdebaris ergatiuli konstruqcia:

`daTvdaTvdaTvdaTvmamamama da gegegegeleblebleblebma ma ma ma meerivnen...~; `douStvineT, ukan memememeiqiqiqiqcacacaca

xoxoxoxojajajajamamamama~~~~... ... ... ... datiur konstruqciebSi qvemdebare umetesad fuZis

saxiTaa warmodgenili: èrTi meriemaÎ yofila, daTv mudaTv mudaTv mudaTv muuuuupapapapa----

ravsravsravsravs da baRvi yolia...~; `dededededabdabdabdabreb uTreb uTreb uTreb uTqmiqmiqmiqmianananan, baboi gvyavda iqa,

momkdara iq~... pirdapiri damateba pirvel seriaSi nacvlad mi-

cemiTi brunvisa gvxvdeba saxelobiTi brunvis formiT an fu-

Zis saxiT. iribi damateba ki umetesad fuZis saxiT: `SorvebSi

kakakakakal kal kal kal ar guguguguuuuurevTrevTrevTrevT...~; `marto yaryaryaryarTof vTeTof vTeTof vTeTof vTesavTsavTsavTsavT, sisisisimindmindmindmind ar

56

vTevTevTevTesavTsavTsavTsavT, wamali ar gvaq...~; ìma araferi ar qvia, ima susususujijijiji

etyvietyvietyvietyvianananan...~; `kacebi fufufufuli gali gali gali gayriyriyriyrianananan, wevlen...~; `Tqven WamTWamTWamTWamT Rori

xorxorxorxorcicicici?...~; `me vevevevelalalalapapapapaririririkekekekebobobobodidididi Cem dededededamdamdamdamTilTilTilTil, , , , mamamamamammammammamTilTilTilTil......~;

`qaqaqaqaTamTamTamTam ras etyviT, qaqaqaqaTamTamTamTam?|~... aseve gvxvdeba ubralo damtebis

Tandebulian formaTa monacvleoba: `kroWebSi, qilikebSi ko-

lofeb akeTeben SeSeSeSeSiSiSiSidandandandan~; `daTdaTdaTdaTvivivividandandandan eSinia, gaqceva undoda,

da ver wasula~...

n an an an a T i a f oT i a f oT i a f oT i a f o n in in in i aaaa v av av av a

TanTanTanTanxmoxmoxmoxmovanvanvanvanTkomTkomTkomTkompleqpleqpleqpleqsesesesebi ababi ababi ababi abazur zmnur Zizur zmnur Zizur zmnur Zizur zmnur ZirebrebrebrebSiSiSiSi

abazur zmnur ZirebSi realizebul TanxmovanTkompleqsebs

ganvixilavT sinqroniuli aspeqtiT. masala moviZieT v. tugovis

redaqtorobiT gamocemuli àbazur-rusuli leqsikonidan~.

masalis analizma gviCvena, rom erTi morfemis farglebSi

abazur zmnur ZirebSi gvxvdeba samwevra (a-la-r-CCCC-ra `daxve-

va~) da oTxwevra (a--TTTTTTTT-ra `TuxTuxi~) bgeraTmimdevrobe-

bic, magram yvelaze gavrcelebulia orsegmentiani kompleqsebi.

abazur zmnur ZirebSi, distribuciuli TvalsazrisiT,

gamoiyofa anlautis, auslautisa da intervokaluri poziciis

TanxmovanTkompleqsebi.

abazurSi gvxvdeba oden Tanxmovnebisgan Semdgari zmnuri

Zirebic. maTSi Sedis rogorc identurfonemiani (a-l--Äa-ra

`garecxva~), ise araidunturfonemiani bgeraTmimdevrobebi (wa-

fyfyfyfy-ra `raRacis ZirSi moWra~), Tumca maTi nawili miRebulia

CVC struqturis ZirTa inlautis xmovnis reduqciiT (WWWW-ra

`WmuWna~ (Sdr. afx. a-WWWW-r ìd~). identurTanxmovnian ZirebSi ar monawileoben sonorebi

da sonantebi.

57

anlautSic, identurfonemiani jgufebis garda, warmodge-

nilia araidenturfonemiani jgufebi, romlebic qmnian harmoni-

ul (aba-r-fxfxfxfxa-ra `erTmaneTis gaTboba~) da araharmoniul Tan-

xmovanTkompleqsebs (-la-kkkkaaaa-ra `cema raRaciT~).

abazuric, afxazuris msgavsad, upiratesobas aniWebs Tan-

xmovanTa decesiur SeerTebas.

abazur zmnur ZirebSi bgeraTkomleqsebi yvelaze gavrcele-

bulia anlautSi, SedarebiT naklebad inlautsa da auslaut-

Si. samive poziciis TanxmovanTkompleqsebis dawvrilebiTi ana-

lizi moxsenebaSi iqneba warmodgenili.

W aW aW aW a b ub ub ub u k i q ik i q ik i q ik i q i r i ar i ar i ar i a

myomyomyomyofafafafadis wre ladis wre ladis wre ladis wre lazurzurzurzurSiSiSiSi

1. megrulSi, qarTulis analogiurad, pirveli seriis

zmnuri formebisTvis gamoyofen or wres: awmyosa da myofa-

dis.

specialuri literaturis mixedviT lazuri myofadi kav-

SirebiTi meorisgan ----rererere an mimimiminonnonnonnon////gigigiginonnonnonnon////unonunonunonunon elementebis darT-

viT nawarmoebi nakvTia: pWapWapWapWarararararererere////papapapararararamimimiminonnonnonnon... ... ... ... `davwer~

amave dros SeniSnulia, rom produqtiulia awawawawmyomyomyomyo++++zmniszmniszmniszmnis----

wiwiwiwinininini warmoeba myofadis gamosaxatavad, Tumca am garemoebas yu-

radReba ar eqceva paradigmebis warmodgenisas, rac Cveni az-

riT, ar aris logikuri: Tu gvaqvs forTu gvaqvs forTu gvaqvs forTu gvaqvs formamamama, , , , amamamam for for for formas samas samas samas saTaTaTaTanananana----

do addo addo addo adgigigigili unli unli unli unda mida mida mida mivuvuvuvuCiCiCiCinoT sisnoT sisnoT sisnoT sistetetetemamamamaSiSiSiSi.... CvenTvis myomyomyomyofafafafadis nadis nadis nadis na----

kvTiakvTiakvTiakvTia zmniszmniszmniszmniswiwiwiwinininini++++awawawawmyomyomyomyo (dopWarum `davwer~), xolo pWapWapWapWarararara----

rererere////pWapWapWapWararararamimimiminonnonnonnon modalurelementiani kavSirebiTi meorea (amas-

Tan dakavSirebiT ix. Cveni: myofadis nakvTis statusisaTvis

lazurSi (WanurSi), saenaTmecniero Ziebani, XII, Tb. 2002).

2. lazurSi unda gamoiyos myomyomyomyofafafafadis xoldis xoldis xoldis xolmemememeoooobibibibiTisTisTisTis na-

kvTic, _ imave martivi mizezis gamo: gvaqvs sagvaqvs sagvaqvs sagvaqvs saTaTaTaTananananado fordo fordo fordo formemememebibibibi

58

(warmoebis meqanizmi aqac qarTulisa da megrulis analogiu-

ria _ zmniszmniszmniszmniswiwiwiwinininini+ + + + uwyveuwyveuwyveuwyvetetetetelililili), mag.:

...ne viT manaTi gomgomgomgomdidididinupnupnupnuptitititi (Ciq., I, 950); àrc aT maneTs

davkargavdi~;

Wita enveriq biTTum koCi-na Ziatu, nena gagagagamanmanmanmanTxipTxipTxipTxiptutututu,,,, To-

lefe gagagagamugmugmugmugzapzapzapzaptutututu da owkertu (Ciq., I, 486)

`patara enveri yovelTvis kacs rom naxavda, enas gamouyof-

da, Tvalebs gadmokarklavda (`gamounTebda~) da uyurebda~;

dodododoiiiiyuyuyuyurarararatitititikokokokonininini............ ÎÎÎÎeSeSeSeSqurqurqurqurdudududututututu do memememelaplaplaplaptutututu (Ciq., I, 444);

`rom dameyvira, SeSindeboda da Camovardeboda .

3. qarTulisa da megrulis analogiuria viTareba myomyomyomyofafafafa----

dis kavdis kavdis kavdis kavSiSiSiSirerererebiTbiTbiTbiTTanTanTanTan dakavSirebiTac, mag.:

Cqin-Ti dixa mo memememefCapfCapfCapfCaptaTtaTtaTtaT faraTe (yifS., 6); `Cvenc miwas

nu mivyidideT (mivcemdeT)~;

Cqin var gamafCaT-Si, Cqini dixaSa ÎeriSa Turqi var mu-

lun do Cqin-Ti dixa mo memememefCaffCaffCaffCaftaTtaTtaTtaT faraTe! (yifS., 6); `Cven

Tu ar gavyidiT, Cvens miwaze, Cvens adgilebze Turqi ar mova,

da Cvenc miwas nu gavyidideT~ (nu mivcemdeT fuliT)~;

si mo gagagagaSquSquSquSquririririnenenenetastastastas,,,, divis Cqimde muT var axenen (diumez.,

64); `Sen nu SegeSindebodes, devi me verafers mizams~;

mTel koCef WumaniS haq okibRan, ar-TeR oxor-muSis mo

dosdosdosdosqiqiqiqidudududutaztaztaztaz-ia (diumez., 72); `yvela kaci xval aq Seiyaros,

erTic ki Tavis saxlSi ar darCebodeso~;

4. lazurSi dasturdeba myomyomyomyofafafafadis pidis pidis pidis pirorororobibibibiTisTisTisTis nakvTis maga-

liTebic:

em vaxTis man okiTxu do oWaru qoqoqoqomiCmiCmiCmiCquququqututututukokokokonininini,,,, ne viT ma-

naTi gomdinupti do baSforTi-Ti ordo doviqifti (Ciq., I,

95); `maSin me rom wera da kiTxva mcodnoda, arc aT maneTs

davkargavdi da pasportsac male aviRebdi (`gavakeTebdi~).

uTole qoCiq Tqveren: àr Toli qoqoqoqomimimimiRuRuRuRututututukokokokoÎÎÎÎaaaa~-Si, Ror-

moTiq sum qomuCuSi, varTi xvamu (xalx. 252); ùsinaTlo (uT-

valo) kacs uTqvams: erTi Tvali mqonodao da RmerTma sami

rom misca, arc daloca~.

59

dunÎas muT var minon, bere-Cqimi taxti-Cqimiz na gelaxeda-

sen qoqoqoqomeCmeCmeCmeCqiqiqiqitutututukokokoko-Îa (diumez., 40); `amqveynad araferi minda, Ce-

mi Svili Cems taxtze rom mcodnodao~;

amgvarad, myomyomyomyofafafafadis wris nadis wris nadis wris nadis wris nakvTekvTekvTekvTebi arabi arabi arabi ara mxomxomxomxolod qarlod qarlod qarlod qarTulTulTulTulsa sa sa sa

da meda meda meda megrulgrulgrulgrulSiSiSiSi, , , , araaraaraaramed lamed lamed lamed lazurzurzurzurSic dasSic dasSic dasSic dasturturturturdedededebabababa....

lazuri zmnis formaTa paradigmaSi warmosadgenia myomyomyomyofafafafa----

dis pidis pidis pidis pirorororobibibibiTisTisTisTis nakvTic, rac aqamde mxolod megrulis speci-

fikad miiCneoda.

x ax ax ax a T uT uT uT u n a y a nn a y a nn a y a nn a y a n d a Sd a Sd a Sd a S v iv iv iv i l il il il i

mramramramravalvalvalvalgzigzigzigzisosososobis gamobis gamobis gamobis gamoxatxatxatxatva Tava Tava Tava Tananananamedmedmedmedrorororove qarve qarve qarve qarTulTulTulTulSiSiSiSi ((((kkkk. . . . gagagagamsamsamsamsaxurxurxurxurdidididiaaaasa da msa da msa da msa da m. . . . jajajajavavavavaxiSxiSxiSxiSvivivivilis prolis prolis prolis proziszisziszis mimimimixedxedxedxedviTviTviTviT))))

Zveli qarTulisagan gansxvavebiT, Tanamedrove qarTulSi

ar arsebobs mravalgzisobis morfologiuri gamoxatva, mra-

valgzisoba ZiriTad aRweriTad gamoixateba: xolme, mraval-

gzis, mudam da a. S. leqsikuri erTeulebis meSveobiT.

saanalizo masalad SevarCieT k. gamsaxurdias `didostatis

marjvena~, `xogais mindia~ da m. javaxiSvilis `TeTri sayelo~

imitom, rom am nawarmoebebSi moqmedeba xdeba im enobriv are-

alSi, sadac mravalgzisoba gamoixateba morfologiurad. Ggva-

interesebs, Tu gamoiyeneben avtorebi xolmeobiTis arqaul an

dialeqtur formebs mravalgzisobis gamosaxatavad.

k. gamsaxurdia `didostatis marjvenasa~ da `xogais mindia-

Si~ ZiriTadad aRweriT warmoebas mimarTavs. mravalgzisoba,

umetes SemTxvevaSi, `xolme~ nawilakis meSveobiT gamoixateba,

romelic ZiriTadad awmyos, uwyvetlisa da I TurmeobiTis

formebs daerTvis:

`didostatis marjvena~:

60

awawawawmyomyomyomyo::::

`cxeni gulTmisania, mxedris ganwyobilebas SeSeSeSeicicicicnobs xolnobs xolnobs xolnobs xol----

memememe winaswar~.

uwyveuwyveuwyveuwyvetetetetelililili::::

àmas etyoetyoetyoetyoda xolda xolda xolda xolmemememe zviads: Senma mstovrebma Tu mudam

marTali Tqves, SimSilisagan amoswydebiano ucilod~.

I TurI TurI TurI TurmemememeoooobibibibiTiTiTiTi::::

àRmosavleTisken gadalala Rrublebi, Semodgomis ca mo-

iwminda da iseTi kaSkaSa mTvare daadga sveticxovels, rogorc

mimimiminanananaxavs xolxavs xolxavs xolxavs xolmemememe~.

mravalgzisoba gamoixateba leqsikuri erTeuliT _ `̀̀̀mramramramra----

valvalvalvalgzisgzisgzisgzis~~~~....

`zviadi sarkinozebTan nabrZoli iyo mramramramravalvalvalvalgzisgzisgzisgzis~.

zogjer zemoaRniSnul TxzulebebSi mravalgzisoba gamoxa-

tulia uwyvetlis mwkrivis meSveobiT:

`damdnar erboSi dadadadavcuvcuvcuvcuravravravravdiTdiTdiTdiT da qeris ludiT viviviviWyiWyiWyiWyipepepepe----

bobobobodiTdiTdiTdiT~.

`xogais mindiasa~ da `TeTr sayeloSi~ mwerlebs SesaZloa

gamoeyenebinaT xolmeobiTis mwkrivebi xevsuruli metyvelebis

iluziis Sesaqmnelad. k. gamsaxurdiam `xogais mindiaSi~ gamoi-

yena awmyos xolmeobiTis `̀̀̀arnarnarnarn~~~~ forma, magram aseTi formebi

ar gvxvdeba xevsurul dialeqtSi:

`qistebi raT arnarnarnarn usjulo, dedi, sru yvelas Tavsi rjuli aqv~.

m. javaxiSvilma `TeTr sayeloSi~ ramdenime SemTxvevaSi

gamoiyena II xolmeobiTis mwkrivis formebi:

èrTxel kidev movixede. koSkis Tavze mTvare amoamoamoamovivivividisdisdisdis~.

am SemTxvevaSi, bunebrivi iqneboda, mwerals II Turmeobi-

Tis mwkrivi gamoeyeneina_ `̀̀̀amoamoamoamosusususulilililiyoyoyoyo~~~~. zmna `̀̀̀amoamoamoamovivivividisdisdisdis~~~~ aras-

woradaa gamoyenebuli _ am SemTxvevaSi Sinaarsobrivad mra-

valgzisoba ar igulisxmeba.

61

n an an an a t o S a vt o S a vt o S a vt o S a v r er er er e S iS iS iS i aaaa nnnn iiii, , , , m em em em e d e a s ad e a s ad e a s ad e a s a R l iR l iR l iR l i aaaa n in in in i

ÂÀÍÓÀÆÙÅÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ

ÂÀÍÓÀÆÙÅÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀ, ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÝÍÏ-

ÁÉËÉÀ, ÒÀÉÌÄ ÍÉÛÍÉÓ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ ÀáÀÓÉÀÈÄÁÓ ÀÍÖ ÂÀÍÓÀÆÙÅÒÀÅÓ ÌÈÀÅÀÒ

ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉ ÓÀáÄËÉÈ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÖË ßÄÅÒÓ, ÀÍ ÂÀÃÌÏÂÅÝÄÌÓ ÀÙÍÉÛ-

ÍÖË ßÄÅÒÈÀÍ ÂÀÍÓÀÆÙÅÒÄÁÀÃ ÃÀÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÖËÉ ÌÉÓÀÈÉÈÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀÝ-

ÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉÓ ÊÏÍÊÒÄÔÖË ÛÉÍÀÀÒÓ. ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÄÁÛÉ ÂÀÍÓÀáÉËÅÄËÉ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀ

ÀÒÀÄÒÈÂÅÀÒÏÅÀÍ ÓÖÒÀÈÓ ÂÅÉÜÅÄÍÄÁÓ. ÓÀÌÄÝÍÉÄÒÏ ËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÀÛÉ

ÂÀÌÏÈØÌÖËÉ ÌÏÓÀÆÒÄÁÉÓ ÈÀÍÀáÌÀÃ `àÀÍÖÒÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ ÖÜÅÄÖËÏÀ ÂÀÍ-

ÓÀÆÙÅÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀ", ÒÀÝ ÀÒÍ. ÜÉØÏÁÀÅÀÓ ÀÆ-

ÒÉÈ ÓÀÅÓÄÁÉÈ ÂÀÓÀÂÄÁÉÀ, ÅÉÍÀÉÃÀÍ `ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ" ÓÉÔÚÅÉÈ ÃÀÊÀÅ-

ÛÉÒÄÁÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀ ØÀÒÈÖËÛÉÝ ßÉÂÍÖÒÉ ßÀÒÌÏÛÏÁÉÓÀÀ ÃÀ áÀË-

áÖÒ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀÓ ÀÒ ÀáÀÓÉÀÈÄÁÓ. ÜÅÄÍÉ ÃÀÊÅÉÒÅÄÁÉÈ, ÍÀßÉËÏÁÒÉÅ

ÌÓÂÀÅÓÉ ÅÉÈÀÒÄÁÀÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉÝ, ÈÖÌÝÀ ÀÌ ÌáÒÉÅ ÆÄÌÏÓÅÀÍÖÒÓÀ ÃÀ

ØÅÄÌÏÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÓ ÛÏÒÉÓÀÝ ÀÒÓÄÁÉÈÉ ÓáÅÀÏÁÀ ÛÄÉÍÉÛÍÄÁÀ. ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÌÒÀÅÀË×ÄÒÏÅÀÍ ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÏËÏÂÉÖÒ ÌÀÓÀËÀÆÄ

ÃÀÊÅÉÒÅÄÁÀÌ ÀÜÅÄÍÀ, ØÅÄÌÏÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÉ, ÆÄÌÏÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÃÉÀ-

ËÄØÔÄÁÉÓÀÂÀÍ ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÄÁÉÈ, ÂÀÍÓÀÆÙÅÒÄÁÉÈ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖË ßÉÍÀ-

ÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÀÓ ÀÍÉàÄÁÄÍ ÖÐÉÒÀ-

ÔÄÓÏÁÀÓ. ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÄÁÀÀ ÈÅÉÈ ÆÄÌÏÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÓ ÛÏÒÉÓÀÝ. ÖÍÃÀ

ÉÈØÅÀÓ, ÒÏÌ áÄÃæðÎ `ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ" ßÄÅÒ-ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÀÓ

ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖË ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉ ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÖÒÉ ÀÛÊÀÒÀÃ ÈÀÅÓ ÀÒÉÃÄÁÓ

(ÉÛÅÉÀÈÀÃ ÂÀÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÉÓÀÓ ÊÉ ÖÍÀßÉËÀÊÏÃ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÀÅÓ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉ-

ÈÏÁÀÓ), ÒÉÈÀÝ ÉÂÉ ÌÊÅÄÈÒÀÃ ÄÌÉãÍÄÁÀ ÓáÅÀ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÓ, ÌÀÈ ÛÏÒÉÓ

ÜÏËÖÒÖËÓÀÝ, ÓÀÃÀÝ ÃÀÓÀáÄËÄÁÖËÉ ßÄÅÒ-ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉ ÂÀÁÀÔÏÍÄÁÖËÉÀ.

ÌÀÂ.:

ÌÉ ÄàÊðËÉÁ àðÛ ÌÉÒÃÀ, áÄÃÉ ÓÀÌ ÆÀæ áÄÊæÄÓ ÄÒÄ Ñ'ÏáæÉÍÂËÏæÀ

(ÁØ.) `ÌÄ ÉÓÄÈÉ ÌÄÖÙËÄ ÌÚÀÅÃÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÓÀÌÉ ßÄËÉ ÖÍÃÀ ÅÉÂËÏÅÏ

(`ÌÄ ÉÓ-ÚÀËÉÁ-É ÊÀÝ-É ÌÚÀÅÃÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÓÀÌ ßÄËÓ ÖÍÃÀ ÒÏÌ ÌÏ-Å-É-

ÂË-ÏÅ-Ï")...

62

ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÖÒ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÛÉ ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖËÉ äÉÐÏÔÀØÓÖÒÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄ-

ÁÄÁÉ ÀÍ ÖÊÀÅÛÉÒÏÃ ÂÅÄÅËÉÍÄÁÀ, ÀÍ ÓáÅÀ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀË-

ÓÀáÄËÄÁÉ (ÄÓæÀ, ÄÒæÀ, Ìð `ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ" ÃÀ À. Û.) ÄÍÀÝÅËÄÁÀ. ÌÀÂ.:

ÀÒÃÀá ÄÛáÖ ÌÄÜÉ Äáæ-àðÛ, áÄÃæðÎÓ ÌÉÍÄ ÁÄÃÑÉ ÌðÃÌÀ

áÄÁÀÃÀÖÍÃÀá ÄÛáÖ ØÀÈÀËÓÄÒ (ËÍÔ., ÓÅÀÍ. ØÒÄÓÔ., 328:34-35) `ÉÚÅÍÄÍ

ÄÒÈÉ ÌÏáÖÝÉ ÝÏËØÌÀÒÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÈÀÝ ÀÒÀ×ÄÒÉ ÄÁÀÃÀÈ ÄÒÈÉ ØÀÈÌÉÓ

ÌÄÔÉ (`ÉÚÅÍÄÍ ÄÒÈÉ ÝÏË-ØÌÀÒÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÓÀÝ ÌÀÈ ÁÄÃ-ÆÄ ÀÒÀ×ÄÒÉ

Ä-ÁÀÃ-À-È ÄÒÈÉ ØÀÈÌ-{ÉÓ} ÌÄÔÉ")

ÛÃÒ. ÁØ. ÀÒÃÀá ÄÛáÖ ÌÄÜÉ áÄáæ-àðÛ, ÄÓæðÎÓ ÌÀÌÀÂæÄÛ áÀÁÀÃéÍÃÀá

ÄÛáÖ ØÀÈÀËéÍØÀ `ÉÚÅÍÄÍ ÄÒÈÉ ÌÏáÖÝÉ ÝÏËØÌÀÒÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÈÀÝ

ÀÒÀ×ÄÒÉ ÄÁÀÃÀÈ ÄÒÈÉ ØÀÈÌÉÓ ÂÀÒÃÀ (`ÉÚÅÍÄÍ ÄÒÈÉ ÌÏáÖÝÉ

ÝÏËØÌÀÒÉ, ÅÉÓÀÝ ÀÒÀÓÀØÌÄ Ä-ÁÀÃ-À-È ÄÒÈÉ ØÀÈÌ-{ÉÓ} ÂÀÒÃÀ")

ËÉÌÆéÒ ÜÖ áÄÃæðÛÉ Äã ÌÄÆÂÀ, áÄÃæóÎ ÌÄÆÂÀÉÓÂÀ ÆÖÒêË ÜÖ

ÉÙæÑêË (ÁÆ., ÓÅÀÍ. ØÒÄÓÔ., 1978, 38:24-25) `ËÏÝÅÀ ÜÀÄÛËÄÁÀ áÏËÌÄ

ÉÌ ÏãÀáÓ, ÒÏÌÄË ÏãÀáÛÉÝ ØÀËÉ ÉÌÛÏÁÉÀÒÄÁÓ (`ËÏÝÅÀ ÃÀ-Ö-ÛÀÅ-Ã-ÄÁ-

À ÉÌ ÌÏÓÀáËÄÓ, ÒÏÌÄË ÌÏÓÀáËÄÛÉ{Ý} ØÀËÉ ÉÌÛÏÁÉÀÒÄÁÓ")

ÛÃÒ. ÁØ. ËÉÌÆéÒ ÜÖ áÄÃæðÛÉ Äã ÌÄÆÂÀ, Ìð ÌÄÆÂÀÉÓÂÀ ÆÖÒÀË ÜÖ

ÉÙæÑêË (ÁØ.) `ËÏÝÅÀ ÜÀÄÛËÄÁÀ áÏËÌÄ ÉÌ ÏãÀáÓ, ÒÏÌÄË ÏãÀáÛÉÝ

ØÀËÉ ÉÌÛÏÁÉÀÒÄÁÓ (`ËÏÝÅÀ ÃÀ-Ö-ÛÀÅ-Ã-ÄÁ-À ÉÌ ÌÏÓÀáËÄÓ, ÒÀ

ÌÏÓÀáËÄÛÉ{Ý} ØÀËÉ ÉÌÛÏÁÉÀÒÄÁÓ") ÃÀ ÓáÅ.

ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ÓÒÖËÀÃ ÉØÍÄÁÀ ÂÀÍáÉËÖËÉ ÂÀÍÓÀÆÙÅÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÃÀÌÏ-

ÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÉÓ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÉ ÈÖ ßÄÅÒ-ÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÉ, ÀÂÒÄÈÅÄ,

ÌÈÀÅÀÒÉ ÃÀ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÍËÀÂÄÁÉÓ (ÊÏÌÁÉ-

ÍÉÒÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÜÀÒÈÅÉÓ) ÓÀáÄÄÁÉ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ ÚÅÄËÀ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÉÓ (ÌÀÈ ÛÏ-

ÒÉÓ ÜÏËÖÒÖËÉ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ËÀáÀÌÖËÖÒÉ ÊÉËÏÊÀÅÉÓ) ÌÏÍÀ-

ÝÄÌÈÀ ÂÀÈÅÀËÉÓßÉÍÄÁÉÈ.

63

e T e r S ee T e r S ee T e r S ee T e r S e n g en g en g en g e l i al i al i al i a

olaolaolaolara� sira� sira� sira� sityvis warmotyvis warmotyvis warmotyvis warmomavmavmavmavlolololobibibibisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis memememegrulgrulgrulgrulSiSiSiSi

megrulSi dasturdeba leqsikuri erTeuli olaolaolaolara�ra�ra�ra� `sa-

ntimetri, sazomi~ (p. Waraia). mocemuli sityva nawarmoebia

larlarlarlar- fuZisagan, romelic qarTulis msgavsad, megrulSic ga-

vrcelebulia: megr. larlarlarlar-i `lari, simi abreSumisa; naqsovi sa-

rtyeli, xvanjari~ (a. qobalia).

larlarlarlar-i ixmareba gadataniTi mniSvnelobiTac ― `swori~:

lalalalaririririjgura koCie `lariviT kacia~ (lariviT tani aqvs).

olaolaolaolara�ra�ra�ra� daniSnulebis saxeli Cans, SeiZleba aRvadginoT

oooo- -arararar mawarmoebeli, sadac -arararar sufiqsiseuli r r r r dakarguli

unda iyos: *oooo-larlarlarlar-arararar-.

saanalizo fuZis Semcveli leqsikuri erTeulebi gvxvdeba

idiomatur gamoTqmaSic: olaolaolaolararararaia ia ia ia || olaolaolaolara nira nira nira ninananana `grZeli ena~.

larlarlarlar- fuZe monawileobs zmnur formebSic: megr. larlarlarlar-ua

`gasworeba, galarva, ficris gawyoba, blandva~ (a. qobalia);

larlarlarlar-af-a (giTo-larlarlarlar-af-a _ saxeli giTaalaru(n) zmnisa - hki-

dia) (o. qajaia). lalalalararararafafafafa forma gvaqvs gadataniTi mniSvnelo-

biT: lalalalararararafa nifa nifa nifa ninanananaSiSiSiSi `bevri, zedmeti laparaki~.

larlarlarlar- fuZisgan nawarmoebi Cans larlarlarlar-a a a a `swori, vake adgi-

li, gaSlili saTibi, kanafis Sveula kalatozisa~ (a. qobalia).

larlarlarlar- rTuli sityvis Semadgeneli nawilia: lalalalarakrakrakrakvakvakvakvakva va va va ―

`lariviT swori da koxta~ (a. qobalia) ← larlarlarlar-aaaa `swori~ da

kvakkvakkvakkvakvavavava `koxta~ formebisagan.

64

v av av av a J a S eJ a S eJ a S eJ a S e n g en g en g en g e l i al i al i al i a

fragfragfragfragmenmenmenmentetetetebi mobi mobi mobi mogogogogonenenenebibibibidan akadan akadan akadan akadedededemimimimikoskoskoskos ararararnold Cinold Cinold Cinold Ciqoqoqoqobabababavavavavazezezeze. . . . XLVIII ----XL

LVIII. arn. Ciqobavam sadoqtoro disertacia daicva 1929

wels. dacvaze mravali mecnieri gamosula sityviT, maT Soris _

prof. S. nucubiZe. mas maRali Sefaseba miucia naSromisaTvis

(gansakuTrebiT _ mis Teoriul nawilisaTvis, romelSic kar-

gad Cans disertantis ganswavluloba filosofiasa da fsiqo-

logiaSi) da, sxvaTa Soris, uTqvams: problema, romelSic

Tqven cxeniT SemojiriTdiT... (b-ni arnoldis mier moxmobil

sailustracio masalaSi cxe cxe cxe cxenininini da ireireireiremimimimi iyo warmodgenili).

arn. Ciqobavam Txroba ase daamTavra: Salva nucubiZe Za-

lian niWieri adamiani iyo, TviTonac ar icoda, ramodena niWis

patroni iyovo...

LIX. 1935 wels gamovida arn. Ciqobavas `zogadi enaTmec-

niereba. I. propedevtikuli nawili~, romelsac avtoris winasi-

tyvaobas win uZRvis `gamomcemlobis winasityvaoba~ (uprece-

dento SemTxveva wignis gamocemis istoriaSi), misi avtorebi,

bunebrivia, iyvnen ara gamomcemlobis muSakebi, aramed _ e. w.

`wiTeli profesuris~ konkretuli warmomadgenlebi...

Semdeg moewyo wignis ganxilva, romelsac warmarTavdnen

kompartiisa da komkavSiris aqtiuri warmomadgenlebi. arn. Ci-

qobavas brali dasdes, rom is iyo `burJuaziuli~ indoevrope-

istikis warmomadgeneli da n. maris `marqsistuli moZRvrebis~

mowinaaRmdege. b-n arnolds ganxilvisas uTqvams, rom oTxelen-

tovani analizi ar aris arc mecnieruli da arc marqsistuli.

`wiTeli profesuris~ erT-erT warmomadgenels ukiTxavs: maS

tyuis gazeTi `pravda~, rodesac n. mars gamoCenil sabWoTa

marqsist mecniers uwodebso? arn. Ciqobavas upasuxebia: gazeTi

65

`pravda~ ki ar tyuis, aramed is, vinc gazeTis am gamonaTqvams

araswor interpretacias aZlevso...

am ganxilvis Semdeg b-n arnolds quCaSi Sexvedria erTi

axalgazrda mkvlevari (n. maris momxre) da misTvis uTqvams: ra

usamarTlod mogeqcnen, batono arnold, Zalian vwuxvaro... b-

ni arnoldi: Cemi saTqmeli me iq ukve vTqvi da axals verafers

mogaxsenebo (etyoba aRniSnul pirs undoda b-ni arnoldisa-

Tvis raime daecdevinebina).

am ganxilvas Sedegad is mohyva, rom arn. Ciqobava gaaTa-

visufles universitetis profesoris Tanamdebobidan, magram

daaxloebiT erTi Tvis Semdeg aRadgines, raki Seityves stalinis

uaryofiTi damokidebulebis Sesaxeb n. maris pirovnebis mimarT...

LX. 1950 wlis saenaTmecniero diskusiis Semdeg, romel-

Sic arn. Ciqobavas Tvalsazrisma gaimarjva, mas daevala exelm-

ZRvanela diskusiisaTvis fsiqologiaSi. rogorc cnobili

fsiqologi v. norakiZe igonebs, arn. Ciqobavam fsiqologiis

institutis TanamSromlebs sTxova, werilobiT warmoedginaT

TavianTi Tvalsazrisebi d. uznaZis ganwyobis Teoriis Sesaxeb,

rom Semdgom (diskusiis msvlelobisas _ koniunqturis gavle-

niT) azri ar SeecvalaT... diskusiaSi arn. Ciqobavas wyalobiT

gaimarjva saRma azrma da ganwyobis Teoria gadarCa (mas `bur-

Juaziulis~ iarliyi moexsna).

am diskusiaSi xelis SeSla didi iyo, b-ni arnoldi dau-

faravad amxelda im adamianebs, maT Soris Tanamdebobis _

pirebsac, romlebic diskusiis swori mimarTulebiT warmar-

Tvas xels uSlidnen. amas Sedegad is mohyva, rom 1952 wels

arn. Ciqobava enaTmecnierebis institutis direqtoris Tanam-

debobidan gaaTavisufles...

66

i z a C ai z a C ai z a C ai z a C a n t l an t l an t l an t l a Z eZ eZ eZ e

sasasasamemememedidididicicicicino leqno leqno leqno leqsisisisika qarka qarka qarka qarTveTveTveTvelur anlur anlur anlur anTroTroTroTropopopoponinininimimimimiaaaaSiSiSiSi

calkeul saganTa, movlenaTa, cxovelTa, frinvelTa, mcena-

reTa, nivTierebaTa, xexexexelolololobabababa-sasasasaqmiqmiqmiqmiaaaanonononobabababaTaTaTaTa an socialuri yofis

amsaxveli leqsika, Cveulebriv, istoriuli dasabamia onomasti-

konisa. mTel msoflioSi, TiTqmis yvela ersa Tu enaSi, sazoga-

do saxeli gacilebiT adre Seiqmna, vidre sakuTari, es ukanas-

kneli ki safuZvlad daedo oficialuri gvaris warmoSobas.

`gvargvargvargvarsasasasaxexexexeli adali adali adali adamimimimiaaaanis sanis sanis sanis sakukukukuTaTaTaTari sari sari sari saxexexexelis islis islis islis istotototoririririuuuuli li li li

katkatkatkategoegoegoegoririririaaaaaaaa. misi gramatikul-semantikuri modelebi sazogado-

ebis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva safexurebs Seesabameba. gvarsaxeli

Tavad iZens socialuri maxasiaTeblis funqcias~ (m. surgula-

Ze, j. odiSeli). mosaxleobis zrda, tomebs Soris urTierTo-

bis gacxoveleba da xalxis mravalricxovan koleqtivad Camoya-

libeba aucilebels xdida ara marto imis codnas, Tu ra hqvia

ama Tu im pirs, aramed _ ra xexexexelolololobis kabis kabis kabis kaciaciaciacia igi, visi STamomava-

lia, sadauria a. S. amrigad, saxelis gverdiT gaCnda kidev meo-

re, dadadadamamamamatetetetebibibibiTiTiTiTi sasasasaxexexexelililili, romelic azustebda pirovnebis vinao-

bas, met cnobebs iZleoda masze da Tanac aavdvilebda erTi sa-

xelis mqone pirebis _ sexniebis garCevas. swored am damatebiTi

saxelisgan warmoiSva gvari, rogorc pirovnuli saxelis Tan-

mxlebi, ganuyreli nawili (z. WumburiZe).

`qarTveluri anTroponimika imdenad sustadaa Seswavli-

li, rom jer kidev naadrevia mis genezissa da specifikur niS-

nebze msjeloba. Cveni Zveli, qristianobamdeli anTroponimebi

fragmentuladaa Semonaxuli da aravis ucdia maTi cotad Tu

bevrad sruli nomenklaturis aRdgena. srusrusrusrulilililiadadadad gagagagauTuTuTuTvavavavalislislislis----

wiwiwiwinenenenebebebebelialialialia sasasasakukukukuTarTarTarTar sasasasaxelxelxelxelTaTaTaTa xalxalxalxalxuxuxuxuriririri tratratratradidididiciaciaciacia da TviT is

masalac ki, rac SedarebiT mdidruladaa asaxuli Zvel saisto-

rio Txzulebebsa da sigel-gujrebSi. ase rom, qarqarqarqarTveTveTveTvelulululuriririri anananan----

TroTroTroTropopopoponinininimimimimikakakaka arararar sasasasargebrgebrgebrgeblolololobisbisbisbis imimimim yuyuyuyurarararadRedRedRedRebiTbiTbiTbiT, ririririsisisisi ueWueWueWueWvevevevelililili

RirRirRirRirsicsicsicsic arisarisarisaris~ _ werda al. Rlonti 1965 wels. mas Semdeg ga-

vida TiTqmis naxevari saukune da, raRa Tqma unda, ramdenadme

67

Seicvala saqmis viTareba: gamoqveynda calkeuli leqsikonebi

da gamokvlevebi qarTuli, svanuri Tu megruli masalebis ga-

TvaliswinebiT. rac Seexeba lazurs da qarTuli enis istori-

ul an Tanamedrove samxrul dialeqtebs, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

am mxriv Zalze cotaa gakeTebuli; xalxuri samedicino termi-

nologiis kvlevis TvalsazrisiT ki bolo arealSi mxolod

sqematurad gvaqvs Seswavlili samecniero problemebi. amitom

amjerad Cven davinteresdiT im samedicino leqsikiT, romelic

qarTveluri anTroponimikis erT-erTi komponenti aRmoCnda.

miuxedavad imisa, rom qarTvelologTa umravlesoba

mxars uWers oficialur qarTul gvarTa Suasaukuneobriv is-

torias, jer erTi, `matiane qarTlisa�~ VI-X saukuneebSic

warmogvidgens maT (romelTagan zogi dResac ixmareba!), da me-

orec, rogor SevuxamoT gavrclebul Teorias iseTi struqtu-

rebi, romelTa fuZeebi uTuod aRdgeba saerToqarTvelur do-

neze, radganac dRemde zusti fonologiuri kanonzomierebiT

gamoirCevian da qarTvelur enaTa klasikur bgeraTSesatyviso-

bebs amJRavneben?

qarTuli mmmm-WedWedWedWed-llll-iiii-ZeZeZeZe / mmmm-WedWedWedWed-llll-iiii-SvSvSvSv-ilililil-iiii / mmmm-WedWedWedWed-llll-urururur-iiii

megruli WkadWkadWkadWkad-uuuu-aaaa

svanuri mumumumu-SkudSkudSkudSkud-iiii-anananan-i i i i ← mˆmˆmˆmˆ-Sk�dSk�dSk�dSk�d

an kidev:

qarTuli kackackackac-aaaa-ZeZeZeZe / kackackackac-iiii{aaaa}-SvSvSvSv-iiii-lililili / kackackackac-elelelel-aaaa-SvSvSvSv-iiii-lililili /

kackackackac-oooo-SvSvSvSv-iiii-lililili / kackackackac-obobobob-aaaa-SvSvSvSv-iiii-lililili / kackackackac-itititit-aaaa-Ze Ze Ze Ze /

kackackackac-itaitaitaita-{ssss}-SvSvSvSv-iiii-lililili

megruli koCkoCkoCkoC-iaiaiaia / koSkoSkoSkoS-iaiaiaia; koCkoCkoCkoC-alalalal-aaaa-ZeZeZeZe / koCkoCkoCkoC-alalalal-iiii-ZeZeZeZe (aWara,

mesxeT-javaxeTi), koCkoCkoCkoC-uauauaua-SvSvSvSv-ilililil-iiii / koCkoCkoCkoC-iiii{aaaa}-SvSvSvSv-iiii-lililili /

kokokoko{nnnn}-CCCC-aaaa-ZeZeZeZe / koCnkoCnkoCnkoCn-iiii-Ze Ze Ze Ze (tao-klarjeTi)

svanuri WuSWuSWuSWuS-ilililil-ianianianian-iiii (XIII s.) ← W�SW�SW�SW�S-ilililil-ianianianian-iiii (?)

rasakvirvelia, uTuod migviTiTeben: pirvelad sazogado

saxelSi (kackackackac-iiii, WedWedWedWed-vvvv-aaaa,...) gaCnda kanonzomieri fonematSesa-

tyvisoba, romelic Semdeg aqedan meqanikurad gadavida jer sa-

kuTar saxelSi (kackackackac-aaaa / kackackackac-iaiaiaia, {mmmm}-WedWedWedWed-elelelel-aaaa,...), mere ki gvarSio,

68

magram mxolod qarTulZiriani struqturebic rom gvaqvs megru-

li, lazuri an svanuri gramatikuli inventariT (Sdr. megru-

li WedWedWedWed-iaiaiaia, svanuri mmmm-WedWedWedWed-llll-ianianianian-iiii ← WedWedWedWed-elelelel-ianianianian-iiii, megruli

kackackackac-iaiaiaia, svanuri kackackackac-anananan-iiii,...) da Tanac uZveles gvarebSi?! yvelaze

metad ki sainteresoa kockockockoc-iaiaiaia-SvSvSvSv-ilililil-iiii (qarTul-megruli konta-

minirebuli forma?), romelic aSkarad adasturebs qarTvelo-

logiis erT-erT debulebas imis Sesaxeb, rom konsonanturi bge-

radgadawevebi ufro Zveli epoqisaa, vidre vokaluri, e. w. kokokokocicicici----

aSaSaSaSvilvilvilvilØze uadresia kokokokoCiaCiaCiaCia{SviSviSviSvilililili}.

maSasadame, aucilebelia fuZis fonologiuri struqtu-

ris gaTvaliswineba anTroponimTa istoriis kvlevisas ara mxo-

lod qarTvelur enebSi, rasac Sesabamis gamokvlevebSi (lin-

gvistTa Tu aralingvistTa) ver vamCnevT! Zveli masalebis am

TvalsazrisiT gadaxedvac ki, viqrobT, uTuod Segvacvlevinebs

azrs oficialur gvarTa gviandeli warmomavlobis Sesaxeb.

rac Seexeba samedicino terminologiis Semcvel qarTul

gvarebs, miuxedavad imisa, rom maTi raodenoba sakmaod mokrZa-

lebulad gamoiyureba danarCen profesiaTa aRmniSvneli fuZee-

bidan momdinare gvarsaxelebTan SedarebiT, aqac daaxloebiT

igive situaciaa: gamogamogamogamoiiiiyoyoyoyofafafafa sasasasamimimimi ZiZiZiZiririririTaTaTaTadidididi fefefefenananana _ ZveZveZveZvelililili

(mkurnaliZe, wamalaiZe / wamalaSvili, maxlauri), momomomogvigvigvigviaaaanononono

epoepoepoepoqiqiqiqisasasasa (aqimiSvili / aqimaZe) da axaaxaaxaaxalililili (eqimiSvili, doxtu-

riSvili, ferSanaSvili).

sxvadasxva dros samxreT saqarTvelos maRal aristokra-

tias warmoadgendnen: mxargrZelebi, orbelebi, Torelebi, jaye-

lebi da manmanmanmankakakakaberberberberdedededelelelelebibibibi. Cveni yuradReba miiqcia bolo gvar-

ma Tu zedwodebam, romelic SesaZloa (Zalze frTxili varau-

dis safuZvelze!) karabadinis, anu samkurnalo wignis mcodne

sagvareuloze miuTiTebdes (Tumca arc isaa gamoricxuli, rom

manmanmanmankakakakaberberberberdidididi toponimic iyos). garkveul fonetikur gardaqmnaTa

uwinaresoba-Semdgomadobis procesi ase warmogvidgena:

*mamamama-kakakakararararababababadindindindin-eeee → *mamamama-kakakakararararabadnbadnbadnbadn-eeee → *mamamama-kakakakararararabadbadbadbad-eeee → *mamamama-

kakakakarabdrabdrabdrabd-eeee → *kakakakarebdrebdrebdrebd-eeee → *mamamama-kakakakaberdberdberdberd-eeee → *mamamama-nnnn-kakakakaberdberdberdberd-eeee → *mamamama-nnnn-kkkkaaaa----

berdberdberdberd-eeee+elelelel-iiii → manmanmanmankakakakaberberberberdedededelililili

69

mosalodnelia, rom JaJaJaJamimimimi{arararar}aSaSaSaSvivivivilililili / JaJaJaJamimimimieeeeraSraSraSraSvivivivilililili da

yvayvayvayvavivivivilalalalaZeZeZeZe / yvayvayvayvavivivivilaSlaSlaSlaSvivivivilililili samedicino leqsikis amsaxveli gva-

rebi iyos (Sdr. JamJamJamJam-ob-a `momsvreli seni~, n. CubinaSvili; yuyuyuyu----

avavavav-il-i `senia~, saba).

vfiqrobT, rom maxmaxmaxmaxlalalalauuuuriririri ← *mamamama-xalxalxalxal-aaaa-urururur-iiii, romlis Ziri

dRemde daculi megrul lalalala-xalxalxalxal-aaaa / lalalala-xarxarxarxar-a a a a leqsemaSi, avadmyo-

fobas rom aRniSnavs (Sdr. qarTuli enTroponimi lalalala-xurxurxurxur-aaaa) da

svanuri struqturis sityvaa.

albaT, qarTuli wawawawamamamamalalalalaiiiiZisZisZisZis Sesatyvisi unda iyos svane-

Tis saeklesio krebis `sulTa matianes~ palimfsestur (XI s.)

mosaxsenebelSi dadasturebuli gvari WamWamWamWam-arararar-ianianianian (v. silogava).

Tu es asea, maSin specialur literaturaSi (g. rogava) dRe-

mde arsebuli varaudi qarTuli wamwamwamwam-alalalal- da svanuri WemWemWemWem- (`Ti-

va~) fuZeTa fonologiuri kavSiris Sesaxeb unda gadaisinjos,

gaixazos wamwamwamwam- / WamWamWamWam- ZirTa mimarTebis sakiTxi da saerToqarve-

luri enis doneze unda aRdges ara wwww1111emememem- an wwww1111amamamam- / wwww1111emememem-

(g. klimovi) arqiformebi, aramed mxolod wwww1111amamamam.

Cven kvlavac gavagrZelebT kvlevas am mimarTulebiT da

SevecdebiT davadasturoT `aqimobis~ Sesabamisi leqsika ara

mxolod qarTuli, armed svanuri, megruli da lazuri masale-

bis ixedviTac, rogorc anamedrove, ise istoriul WrilSi.

rac erTob rTuli (ara marto lingvisturi) problemebis wi-

naSe gvayenebs; samagierod, muSaobis procesSi Zalas Segvmatebs

didebuli sulxan-sabas ganmarteba: `aqiaqiaqiaqimimimimi sxusxusxusxuaaaaTaTaTaTa enaaenaaenaaenaa, qarqarqarqarTuTuTuTu----

ladladladlad mkurmkurmkurmkurnanananalililili hqvihqvihqvihqvianananan, rorororomemememeliclicliclic snesnesnesneulTulTulTulT mlxemlxemlxemlxenenenenelialialialia~.

70

i r ii r ii r ii r i n e C an e C an e C an e C a C aC aC aC a n in in in i ZZZZ eeee, T a T a T a T a m a r g um a r g um a r g um a r g u C u aC u aC u aC u a

memememe-19 19 19 19 sasasasauuuukukukukunis qarnis qarnis qarnis qarTulTulTulTulSi arSi arSi arSi arsesesesebubububulililili rurururusisisisicizcizcizcizmemememebis Sebis Sebis Sebis Sesasasasaxebxebxebxeb (m. javaxiSvilis werilebis mixedviT)

me-17-18 saukuneebidan saqarTveloSi ganviTarebul isto-

riul-politikur movlenebTan dakavSirebiT iwyeba rusul-qar-

Tuli kontaqtebis gaaqtiureba, ramac me-19 saukunidan, saqar-

Tvelos ruseTis imperiaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, bunebrivia, inten-

siuri xasiaTi miiRo. saqarTveloSi rusuli enis codnis auci-

leblobam dRis wesrigSi daayena mTargmnelobiTi saqmianoba,

orenovani leqsikonebisa da gramatikebis Sedgenis aucileblo-

ba. rusuli enis gavlena sagrZnobi gaxda qarTuli enis leqsi-

kaze. nasesxobebma (rusicizmebma) saliteraturo enaSic Semo-

aRwia, gansakuTrebiT gaizarda rusulis gavlena sabWoTa peri-

odSi, rodesac enobrivma kontaqtebma bilingvuri xasiaTi mii-

Ro. rusuli leqsika cxovrebis TiTqmis yvela sferoSi SemoiW-

ra, magram, rogorc mosalodneli iyo, mdidari samwerlobo

tradiciebis mqone qarTul enaSi es gavlena sesxebisa da kal-

kirebis zRvars ar gascilebia.

zemoaRniSnul faqts Tavis droze bevri qarTveli mwera-

li Tu sazogado moRavwe exmaureboda. maT Soris erT-erTi

iyo mixeil javaxiSvilic. mwerali Tavis publicistur weri-

lebSi qarTul enasTan dakavSirebul araerT mniSvnelovan sa-

kiTxTan erTad me-19 saukunis saliteraturo qarTulSi da-

mkvidrebul rusicizmebis Temasac exeba, ganixilavs ra maT Se-

cdomaTa konteqstSi. magaliTad, mwerlis SeniSvniT, amgvari

Secdomebia:

• `is mudam vinmeze iyo Seyvarebuli~ _ unda iyos: vinme

uyvarda (`droa Tavidan amovigdoT ucxo влюбиться в...~ _ m.

javaxiSvili);

• `sityvas ver bedaven daacdinon~ (rus. слово не смеют

71

приронить) _ unda iyos: xma ver amouRiaT, krinti ver dauZravT;

• èrTi meores gamoekidebodnen~ (rus. гонялись друг за

другом) _ unda iyos: erTmaneTs dasdevdnen;

• àxalgazrda aficeri, viwro melas pirisaxisa~ (rus: с

острым лисым лицом) _ unda iyos: meluri saxiT;

• `miaxloebuli Cinovnikia~ (rus: приближенный) _ unda

iyos: daaxlovebuli, maxlobeli;

• èZneleboda grigolis aseT manerebis Serigeba` (rus.

не мог привыкнуть) _ unda iyos: ver Seegua, ver SeeCvia;

• `gamoxibluliyo~ (rus. разочеровался) _ unda iyos: gu-

li aicrua, gautyda;

• ìjda kaci maRal qudSi~ (rus. в шапке) _ unda iyos:

qudiani, qudovani;

• `misi warmodgenis gmiri~ (rus. герой его воображения) _

unda iyos: saocnebo gmiri.

• ìm dros simciris gamo~ (rus. по краткости времени ) _

unda iyos: mcire drois gamo;

• `Cven gavizardeT~ (rus. отрастили) _ unda iyos: gavi-

zardeniT. (`mag.: отрастили _ wveri gavizardeT da мы выросли _

Cven gavizardeniT.. esec sagulisxmoa: qarTuls mec rusuliT

vxsni, radgan zogisTvis es ufro gasagebia~ _ m. javaxiSvili);

• `gadamyidveli~ (rus. перекупщик) _ unda iyos: CarCi,

qorvaWari;

sainteresoa, rom xSirad ucxo enidan pirdapiri Targmnis

gziT Semosuli da qarTuli enisaTvis normis TvalsazrisiT

arabunebrivi da araswori formebi frazeologizmebad iqceva

xolme. am tipis SemTxvevebze saubrobs mixeil javaxiSvilic, ro-

ca me-19 saukunis qarTulSi arsebul Semdeg formebs SeniSnavs:

72

• `erT fasSi iyideba~ _ unda iyos: erT fasad iyideba;

• `saqme qudSia~ _ rus. дело в шляпе;

• `sityva eWira~ _ rus. держал речь;

• `kbilebiT safants kvnetda~ _ rus. зубами отбивал дробь;

• `wavideT qveyanaze~ _ rus. пойдем на миравую.

aseve qarTulSi xSirad gvxvdeba Semdegi saxis sityvaTfor-

mebic: arasasiamovno, aramdidari, araswori da a.S. m. javaxiSvilis

SeniSvniT, enas aviwydeba, rom arsebobs `aras~ antipodebic da

Sesabamisad unda gvqondes: usiamovno, Raribi, mrude da a. S. `не

прямая улица, нехороший, небольшой, небогатый, _ ai sad aqvs sa-

Tave aseT simaxinjes _ brma wabaZvaSi, dasasruli ki enis srul

dagonjebasa da gaRatakebisaken midis~.

Tumca mwerali erTgan imasac SeniSnavs, rom absolutu-

rad erovnuli arc kultura arsebobs da arc ena. miTumetes,

Cvens saukuneSi, roca gavlenis siswrafe yvela sferoSi ase ma-

tulobs.

magram, miuxedavad zemoTqmulisa, es garemoeba xels ar

uSlis m. javaxiSvils, rom werilis dasasrulisken dasvas ase-

Ti ritorikuli SekiTxva:

`Cven 50000 sityva gvaqvs _ evropielebze meti _ da ise-

Ti jadosnuri formebi zmnisa, romelTa msgavsi arc erT enas

ar moepoveba. da aseTi ganZis patroni waramarad unda sesxu-

lobdes ufro Raribebisgan sityvebsac da formebsac?!~

73

m am am am a n an an an a n a C an a C an a C an a C a C aC aC aC a n in in in i ZZZZ eeee, n a n a n a n a t o r a zt o r a zt o r a zt o r a z m am am am a ZZZZ eeee,

n an an an a T i a m aT i a m aT i a m aT i a m a iiii s us us us u r ar ar ar a Z eZ eZ eZ e

leqleqleqleqsisisisikis mikis mikis mikis mininininimimimimizazazazaciciciciis sais sais sais sakikikikiTxiTxiTxiTxisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis

leqsikur tendenciaTa sakiTxebi mudmivad aqtualur sa-

kiTxTa rigs ganekuTvneba (ena xom Cveni yofierebis saxlia!) da

dGeniadag saÚiroebs mkvlevarTa fxizel Tvals. Tanamedrove

qarTulis leqsikuri tendenciebi, rogorc yvelaze problemu-

ri da axal-axal problemaTa erTgvari sabado, nairgvari aspeq-

tiT (semantikur-gramatikuli, stilistikuri, sociolingvis-

turi, eTnokulturologiuri da sxv.) mkvlevarTa mZafri yu-

radGebis sagania. aGniSnuli problematika metad sainteresoa

leqsikologiuri da leqsikografiuli TvalsazrisiTac, vinai-

dan uSualod ukavSirdeba leqsikis minimizaciis sakiTxebs.

Cven mier qeglisaTvis warmoebuli praqtikuli leqsikog-

rafiuli samuSaoebi erT-erT yvelaze sando wyarod SeiZleba

miviCnioT Tanamedrove qarTulis leqsikur tendenciaTa ana-

lizisa da leqsikis minimizaciis sakiTxTa kvlevis gzaze. vrce-

li faqtobrivi masala, romelsac gvTavazobs qeglis arsebuli

sadokumentacio fondi, aseve mimdinare leqsikografiuli sa-

muSaoebi _ dawyebuli sadokumentacio fondis axali sailus-

tracio masalebiT Sevseba _ mowesrigebiTa da damTavrebuli

sityva-statiis ramdenime safexuriani redaqtirebiT _ leqsi-

kologia-leqsikografiis aspeqtiT araerT problemur sakiTxs

upasuxebs kidevac da, iqve, axal kiTxvebsac badebs.

sakiTxTa umetesi nawili gavaerTianeT centralur parag-

rafSi saTauriT leqsikografiis leqsikologia. kvlevisas

aGniSnuli samuSaos winmswrebi gaxldaT Tanamedrove qarTu-

lis ZiriTadi leqsikuri tendenciebis analizi, xolo amave sa-

muSaos Semajamebeli nawili _ leqsikologia-leqsikografiis

aspeqtiT leqsikis minimizaciis sakiTxi.

SevniSnavT, rom Tanamedrove qarTulis ZiriTadi leqsi-

74

kuri tendenciebis ganviTarebis magistralur xazs pirobiTad warmovadgenT saxelwodebiT `konsesusidan dakoreqtirebamde~

(yvelaze aqtualuria modeli: saxeli [sakuTriv saxeli; resp. termini] arcTu lirikuli gadaxveviT, aqvea `kohabitaciac~ da `datreningebac~).

leqsikis minimaziciisaTvis ganmsazGvrelad miviCnevT si-tyva-statiis struqturas leqsikonis tipis mixedviT. Sesabami-sad, leqsikografiuli aspeqtiT leqsikis minimizaciis oTxi Zi-riTadi formati gveqneba:

I. ganmartebiTi,

II. terminologiuri,

III. enciklopediuri,

IV. ucxo sityvaTa leqsikonebisaTvis. miuxedavad imisa, rom sakiTxisadmi amgvari midgoma aris

leqsikis minimizaciis problemis mxolod erTi konkretuli sferos, kerZod, leqsikografiis farglebSi mowesrigebis cda, igi araerTi sagulisxmo daskvnis gakeTebis saSualebas iZleva rogorc zogadad leqsikologiaSi, ise enobrivi ierarqiis leqsikur doneze.

m em em em e r a br a br a br a b C uC uC uC u x u ax u ax u ax u a

lalalalazuzuzuzuriririri zozozozoRaRaRaRa `̀̀̀zRvazRvazRvazRva~ ~ ~ ~ fufufufuZisZisZisZis memememegrugrugrugrulililili ekekekekvivivivivavavavalenlenlenlentitititisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis

rogorc cnobilia, zRuazRuazRuazRua-� saxeli gvxvdeba Zveli qarTu-

lis uZveles samwerlo xanmet ZeglebSi: `xolo zRvazRvazRvazRva-? qarisgan aRxrRueoda~; `miimarTa koltman man Rorebisaman kbodesa mas zRuad~...

qarTul zRvazRvazRvazRva sityvas lazuri ekvivalenti jer jidev ma-

ri mrosem dauZebna, Sdr. laz. zozozozoRaRaRaRa // mzomzomzomzoRaRaRaRa // zuzuzuzuRaRaRaRa `zRva~,

xolo misi svanuri Sesatyvisi pirvelad o. uordropma moixmo.

75

1950 wels k. boudam pirvelma scada saerToqarTveluri arqe-

tipis rekonstruqcia, misi varaudiT, winareforma *zuzuzuzuRuaRuaRuaRua sa-

xeobisa unda yofiliyo. am rekonstruqciaSi, Ziris gaxmovane-

bisas gadamwyveti mniSvneloba svanur monacems mieniWa, Sdr.

svan. ZuZuZuZuRuaRuaRuaRua `zRvazRvazRvazRva~.

g. klimovisTvis amosavali gaxda qarTulis viTareba da

mis mier aRdgenilia *zRuazRuazRuazRua prototipi, Tumca amgvari midgo-

miT auxsneli rCeba o/u xmovnebis povniereba lazur-svanurSi.

gaugebaria, ras unda gamoewvia interkonsonatur poziciaSi

xmovnis gaCena, Tu is fuZe-enaSi ar mogvepoveboda.

megrulSi fiqsirebuli zRvazRvazRvazRva saliteraturo qarTuls

emTxveva, rac samarTlianad aris axsnili arn. Ciqobavas mier,

rogorc nasesxoba saliteraturo qarTulidan.sakiTxavia, ro-

gori iyo sakuTriv megruli Sesatyvisi?

amamamam kukukukuTxiTTxiTTxiTTxiT yuyuyuyurarararadRedRedRedRebasbasbasbas mimimimiiiiipyrobspyrobspyrobspyrobs sasasasaxexexexelililili zorzorzorzorRaTRaTRaTRaT-iiii memememe----

grulgrulgrulgrulSiSiSiSi. hidronomis saxiT zorzorzorzorRaTRaTRaTRaT-iiii dasturdeba zugdidis

raionis sofel ganmuxurSi (ganarjiaS muxuri). zorzorzorzorRaTRaTRaTRaT-iiii mdi-

nare enguris marjvena Senakadia. zRvas erTvis erT kilometr-

Si. mdinare gamodis sof. meore otobaiidan, magram zorRaT-i

mas ewodeba nakarRalisa da Tayis (Releebia) SeerTebis Semdeg

xuT kilometrze (p. cxadaia).

zorzorzorzorRaTRaTRaTRaT-iiii forma aseve figurirebs rTuli Sedgenilobis

toponimSi zorRaT-iS no’un-i `zorRaTis nayanevi~, romelic

saxnavi farTobia ukve Sav zRvasa da Tavad zorzorzorzorRaTRaTRaTRaT-s Soris.

Cveni varaudiT, adgilisa da mdinaris swored es saxeli

zorzorzorzorRaRaRaRa-TTTT-iiii unda Seicavdes qarTuli zRvazRvazRvazRva (laz. zozozozoRaRaRaRa) formis

sakuTxiv megrul Sesatyviss. Cveni dakvirveva imas amtkicebs,

rom zRva megrulSi marTlac saliteraturo enis zegavleniT

damkvidrda, cxadia, man istoriulad megrulSi arsebuli saxe-

obis adgili daikava. es ukanasknelis naSTis saxiT SemogvrCa

zorRaT-si, romelic iTargmneba rogorc zRveTzRveTzRveTzRveT-iiii, Sdr. msgavsi

derivaciisTvis top. kaxa-T-i.

xolo saxeldebis motivaciisaTvis mniSvnelovani xdeba

Warbi wylianobis momenti, romelic megrulSi dResac zRva si-

76

tyvis CarTviT miiRweva. amgvarive xedvaa asaxuli zRvaia topo-

nimSi, romelic dasturdeba walenjixa-zugdidis sazRvarze da

saidanac saTaves iRebs md. jumi. zRvaia gvxvdeba xobis raion-

Sic, Sdr. zRvaia `tbori pirvel xorgaSi~.

amdenad, zorzorzorzorRaRaRaRa-T-i aRniSnavda zRvasTan axlos mdebare

wyaluxv adgils, romelic xSirad itboreboda da asocirdebo-

da zRvasTan. am SemTxvevaSi interessmoklebuli arc is faqti

Cans, rom zemoaRniSnul mdinares zorzorzorzorRaTRaTRaTRaT-i mxolod ori mdge-

nelis nakarRal-isa da Tay-is SeerTebis Semdgom ewodeba.

zRvis aRmniSvneli zozozozoRaRaRaRa fuZis gamoyeneba toponimikaSi

SevniSneT lazuri dialeqtSic, kerZod, gasuli saukunis 20-ia-

ni wlebis damoukidebeli saqarTvelos rukaze fiqsirebulia

toponimi zozozozoRaRaRaRa-xexexexevivivivi, ras zRvisxevs unda niSnavdes.

n an an an a n a c en a c en a c en a c e c x l ac x l ac x l ac x l a Z eZ eZ eZ e

TeTeTeTemis nimis nimis nimis niSanSanSanSanTa uniTa uniTa uniTa unififififikakakakaciciciciis tenis tenis tenis tendendendendenciaciaciacia qar qar qar qarTuTuTuTulililili enis enis enis enis sasasasamxrul kimxrul kimxrul kimxrul kilolololoebebebebSiSiSiSi

qarTuli enis samxrul metyvelebaSi gamokveTilia Temis

niSanTa mravalferovani monacvleoba, kerZod, ki unifikaciis

tendencia.

gansakuTrebiT TvalSi sacemia -avavavav Temis niSnis gabatone-

ba. igi enacvleba:

-ebebebeb (iduiduiduiduRavsRavsRavsRavs, mimimimiyuyuyuyuravravravrav, gagagagaaaaayiryiryiryirmimimimizavzavzavzav, agagagagnavsnavsnavsnavs, SeSeSeSevavavavayeyeyeyenavnavnavnav,

vavavavaririririgavgavgavgav, devdevdevdevZiZiZiZinavnavnavnav, mamamamawuwuwuwuxavxavxavxav, gagagagavavavavakekekekeTeTeTeTebibibibiavavavav); -obobobob (CxuCxuCxuCxubavsbavsbavsbavs);

-iiii (yidyidyidyidvenvenvenven, , , , dedededeisisisiswavwavwavwavlavslavslavslavs, , , , CaCaCaCavyavyavyavyaravravravrav, , , , CaCaCaCayravsyravsyravsyravs); -amamamam (mimimimivarvarvarvar----

TvavTvavTvavTvav, varvarvarvarTvavTvavTvavTvav, vasvasvasvasxavxavxavxav, mumumumuasasasasxavxavxavxav) Temis niSnebs.

-avavavav daerTvis erTTemian da fuZedrekad zmnebsac: wminwminwminwmindavsdavsdavsdavs,

wmenwmenwmenwmendavsdavsdavsdavs, WaWaWaWamavsmavsmavsmavs, iweiweiweiweravravravrav, vkrivkrivkrivkrifavfavfavfav, dedededeiiiibabababanavnavnavnav... ... ... ...

77

aRsaniSnavia aseve -obobobob Temis niSnis gamoyeneba sxva su-fiqsTa nacvlad:

-ebebebeb (brZabrZabrZabrZanobsnobsnobsnobs, iwyobsiwyobsiwyobsiwyobs, ananananTobsTobsTobsTobs), -iiii (mRemRemRemRerobsrobsrobsrobs), -avavavav (cekcekcekcekvobsvobsvobsvobs). . . . qobuleTursa da klarjul metyvelebaSi SeiniSneba -iiii

Temis niSnis unifikaciis tendencia: is cvlis ramdenime Temis niSans:

-avavavav klisklisklisklis (klavs), akakakakriririridadadada (akravda). ebebebeb isisisisvevevevenisnisnisnis (isvenebs). dasturdeba smismismismianananan formac (Sdr. svamen).

aqve unda aRiniSnos isic, rom zog zmnaSi samxrul metyveleba-Si SenarCunebulia arqauli viTareba, gvxvdeba uTemisniSno fuZeebi: TibTibTibTibdadadada, naysnaysnaysnays, nanananaydaydaydayda, gagagagalaxlaxlaxlaxdadadada, akakakakriririridadadada............ Zveli qarTu-lisTvis, rogorc cnobilia, damaxasiaTebeli iyo zmnuri for-mebi: SemossSemossSemossSemoss, aRaRaRaRƒƒƒƒocsocsocsocs da a. S. maT Semdgom dairTes -avavavav Temis niSani. es faqti samxrul metyvelebaSi Temis niSanTa gamoyeneba-Si arsebuli unifikaciis tendenciis sapirispiro movlena ki ar gaxlavT, aramed arqauli viTarebis analogiiT aris gaCenili.

n an an an a t o w ut o w ut o w ut o w u l el el el e i si si si s k ik ik ik i r ir ir ir i

`̀̀̀dardardardardidididi~ ~ ~ ~ da da da da `̀̀̀sevsevsevsevdadadada~ _ ~ _ ~ _ ~ _ sesesesemanmanmanmantitititikukukukuriririri ororororgagagaganinininizazazazaciciciciis probis probis probis problelelelemamamama

semantikuri organizeba umTavresi enobrivi movlenaa,

romelic leqsikuri erTeulebis sicocxlisunarianobas gansa-

zRvravs. iseTi sityvebi, romlebic adamianuri aqtivobis ma-

Ral sferoebs gamoxataven, araaqtualuri situaciebis cnobie-

rad agebis funqciis mqonenic arian. leqsikis Taviseburi niSaa

isic, rom zogjer Tavs iCens sinonimiis principis ukmaroba.

ukmarisobis es gancda kargad Cans sityvebis `dardisa~ da

`sevdis~ analizis dros.

78

sityvebi `dardi~ da `sevda~ qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonsa sulxan-sabasTan Semdegnairadaa ganmartebuli:

dardardardardidididi-usiamovno, Semawuxebeli grZnoba, gamowveuli mZi-me mdgomareobiT, ubedurebiT da misT., sevda, naRveli...risame fiqri, javri, sazrunavi. (qegli)

sevsevsevsevdadadada-dardi, naRveli, kaeSani.(qegli) sevsevsevsevdadadada,(sasasasavdavdavdavda)-sxvaTa enaa, qarTulad Savi navReli hqvi-

an.[javriT Sewuxeba].(leqsikoni qarTuli). sulxan-sabasTan `sev-da~ da `naRveli~ sinonimebadaa CaTvlili, rac Seexeba sityvas `dardi~, igi mis ganmartebas ar iZleva.

rogorc Cans, sityva `dardi~ udavod intravertul grZnobaTa vels ganekuTvneba, oRond gasaTvaliswinebelia is, rom iqac mas Tavisi kuTvnili adgili gaaCnia. misi ZiriTadi ma-xasiaTeblebis gamo igi `mwuxarebis~ semantikur klasSi Sedis.

samecniero literaturaSi saubaria imaze, rom `dardi~,

rogorc wminda grZnobis aRmniSvneli sityva, SeiZleba daxasi-aTdes Semdegnairad:

1. mizezis mqone(aman gauCina dardi), 2. konkretuli(Svilis dardma gadaiyola), 3. intensiuri(dardi ar masvenebs).

abstraqtuli `sevda~ xasiaTdeba Semdegi parametrebiT: maluli, uxmo, ganfenili, umotivo, xangrZlivi.

leqsikografiuli masalidan Cans, rom `sevdis~ `naRve-liT~ Canacvleba SeiZleba(Tumca sruliad ara). arsebobs enaSi iseTi frazeologiuri gamoTqmebi, sadac `naRvelis~ Secvla sxva semantikuri erTeuliT Znelad xerxdeba da SeiZleba iT-qvas, SeuZlebelicaa. magaliTad, rogoricaa: mware naRveli, Sa-vi naRveli, gulSi xarSavs naRvels, da a. S.

sityva `dardi~, rogorc ufro konkretuli grZnobis gamoxatuleba, `gul~ sityvasTan xSirad gvxvdeba, xolo `sev-da~, rogorc ufro abstraqtuli, `sul~ sityvasTanaa dakavSi-rebuli.

miuxedavad imisa, rom motanil leqsikografiul amonari-

debSi `dardi~ da `sevda~, erTi SexedviT, sinonimur cnebeba-

daa miCneuli, maTi am TvalazrisiT gatoleba lingvistur ara-

79

koreqtulobad SeiZleba CaiTvalos. am tipis SemTxvevebSi, SeiZ-

leba iTqvas, rom `semantikur akrZalvis~ kanonTan gvaqvs saqme.

moxsenebaSi ganxiluli iqneba sxva leqsikografiuli masa-

la da yvela is SesaZlo SemTxveva, romelic akrZalvis am wess

eqvemdebareba.

r or or or o eeee n a W k an a W k an a W k an a W k a d u ad u ad u ad u a

momomomoqmeqmeqmeqmededededebis mrabis mrabis mrabis mravalvalvalvalgzigzigzigzisosososobis orbis orbis orbis orgagagaganunununulililili gamogamogamogamoxatxatxatxatvivivivis anas anas anas analilililizizizizisasasasaTvis svaTvis svaTvis svaTvis svanurnurnurnurSiSiSiSi

moqmedebis mravalgzisoba (ganmeorebadi moqmedeba) sxva-

dasxvagvarad aris gadmocemuli qarTvelur enebSi. miuxedavad

imisa, rom Zvel qarTulSi mravalgzisoba organulad gamoixa-

teboda, anu mravalgzisobisaTvis `...Zvelad sagangebo mwkrivi

iyo, ...cocxal kiloTa umetesobam da saliteraturo qarTul-

ma es formebi dakarga, samagierod maTi gamoxatva uwyvetelsa

da misgan nawarmoeb xolmeobiTis mwkrivs daakisra (a. SaniZe).

megrulSi, rogorc specialistebi aRniSnaven, xolmeo-

biTs mravalgzisobis gageba dakarguli aqvs da igi pirobiTis

fuZesTan aris gaigivebuli.

svanurSi mravalgzisoba zmnur leqsemebSi, masdarsa da

mimReobaSi morfologiurad aris materializebuli: erTgzisi

da mravalgzisi moqmedebis funqciuri dapirispireba forman-

tebiT aris gamoxatuli. xolmeobiTi, rogorc mwkrivi, svanur-

Si ara gvaqvs da arc `xolme~-s gramatikuli eqvivalenti, Tum-

ca sxvadasxva leqsikuri erTeulebis daxmarebiTac SesaZlebe-

lia am funqciis gadmocema.

aRniSnuli sakiTxi damatebiT kvlevas rom saWiroebs, kargad Cans `svanuri leqsikonis~ winasityvaobidan, sadac avtori calsaxad aRniSnavs, rom mravalgzisobis kategoriisa da obieqtis simravlis gamomxatveli (-’l’l’l’l, -’l’l’l’l || -iŠliiŠliiŠliiŠli/-iel’liiel’liiel’liiel’li),

80

-ˆrˆrˆrˆr, -ˆr’lˆr’lˆr’lˆr’l) morfemebi `...v. Tofurias mixedviT Cveulebrivobasac gadmogvcems, amitomac gagviWirda zRvris gavleba da Sesabamisi SemoklebisaTvis (xlm.) zusti funqciis miniWeba~ (i. CantlaZe).

amave leqsikonSi es formatebi ganmartebulia rogorc, erTi mxriv, xolmeobiTis, mravalgzisobis, gameorebuli moqmede-bisa da, meore mxriv, obieqtis simravlis gadmomcemi infiqsebi.

aRniSnuli formantebi daerTvis rogorc gardamaval, ise gardauval zmnebs. gardamavlebTan, rogorc wesi, mosdevs -iiii, iSviaTad -eeee bolosarTi. gardauvalebTan ki nulovani dabo-loeba da ramdenadme gansxvavebuli funqcia aqvT.

-’l’l’l’l... sufiqsebs, maTi mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, mrav-lobiTi ricxvis niSnebs ukavSireben (T. SaraZeniZe, al. onia-ni...) zmnebSi maTi erT-erTi funqcia pirdapiri obieqtis mrav-lobiTobis Cvenebaa da isini uRlebisas samsave seriaSi das-turdeba. mag.:

tablŠl�rs any’l’l’l’li (bz.) `tablebs acxobs~ tablŠlar annayaaaalllle (lSx.) `tablebi gamoacxo~ lemzir�r oxnay’’’’lllla (bq.) `salocavi purebi gamoucxvia~ meTx…�rs x…a� naTxuare aToZienaaaallllaaaa (int.) `monadires

bevri nadiri dauxocavs. obieqtis simravlis aRmniSvnel sufiqsebs zmnaSi SeiZle-

ba nunununulililili Caenacvlos: narbi‰lunRo lemzir�rs any’lix || anyex (bz.) `cxobis Semdeg salocav purebs acxoben~. dina lerq…’rs acbur�l�l�l�li || acubre (bq.) `qaliSvili tansacmels {ga}moWris~.

moqmedebis gameoreba xSirad gadadis CveulebiT moqmede-baSi da zogadi awmyos mniSvnelobas iZens. mag.

m‰dxv��s Cu xvidiar’ld, eCqas wˆd��r kaTx’rs ahvd’lix, Ji xv�mzˆr’lid i Cu xuTred (sv. qr. bz.) `cotas rom Sevnay-rdebiT (davpurdebiT), maSin mwdeebi kaTxebs {da}arigeben, da-vilocebiT da davlevT~.

dinŒl iTqs mead acŠr…‰l‰l‰l‰li (lSx.) `gogona marcvals xSi-

rad xalavs~.

mravalgzisoba da obieqtis simravle, marTlac, Zneli ga-

samijnia erTmaneTisgan, Tanac erTi meores ar gamoricxavs.

samecniero literaturaSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia

81

svanurSi iterativis aRniSvnaze ara mxolod droSi, aramed sivrceSic. gansakuTrebiT fuZedrekadebTan, sadac formantebi -ˆrˆrˆrˆr, -urururur obieqtis nawilebad qcvaze miuTiTeben (q…ice `Wris~ _ a-q…c-ur-e `{da}Wris~).

mravalgzisobis formantebis Semcveli gardamavali zmnebi gadmoscemen Semdeg mniSvnelobebs:

1. obieqtis simravles (ƒici k�rp‹l�rs xvany’lid (bz.) `comis burTulebs vacxobT~).

2. moqmedebis gameorebas rogorc erTis, ise erTze metis mimarT (dabars aWad‰lix (lSx.) `yanebs farcxaven~. qors adawy�li (bq.) `saxls alagebs~).

3. obieqtis nawilebad qcevas (Rolaq adgˆlˆ̂̂̂re (bq.) `cxvari daglija~).

4. moqmedebis Cveulebriobas (niRaSt�rs Zin�rs x…aC-gun’l’l’l’lid (lnt.) `Tiknebs dilas (dilaobiT) {mo}vawovebT~.

5. zogadi awmyos (sofellisga xensras SiSd abJin�lix (bq.) `sofelSi moulodnel ambavs xelad acnobeben~.

rac Seexeba gardauval zmnebs, marTalia, zogi maTgani gamoxatavs moqmedebis mravalgzisobas (ifS…difS…difS…difS…d-ielielieliel `traba-xobs~, ik…Cxik…Cxik…Cxik…Cx-ielielieliel `dakuntruSobs~), magram, garda amisa, isini moqmedebis dawyebiTobas, statikurobas da sxva enobriv mniS-vnelobasac gadmoscemen.

n in in in i n en en en e l i W ol i W ol i W ol i W o x ox ox ox o n en en en e l il il il i Z eZ eZ eZ e

TornTornTornTorn----, , , , TorTorTorTor---- fu fu fu fuZiZiZiZiaaaani omoni omoni omoni omoninininimumumumuri cari cari cari calelelelebisbisbisbis warmowarmowarmowarmomavmavmavmavlolololobibibibisasasasaTvis qarTvis qarTvis qarTvis qarTulTulTulTulSiSiSiSi

1. Zvel qarTulSi sacxobis mniSvnelobiT `artokopis~,

`saxmilis~, `sacxobelis~ \\ `sacxobiles~, `Ruemelis~ sityvebTan

erTad dasturdeba TorTorTorTornenenene,,,, TurTurTurTurnecnecnecnec.... gamocxobili TorTorTorTorninininiTaTaTaTa (O, levit. 2, 4). acxobden... pursa Tquensa TurTurTurTurnenenenesasasasa Sina (TorTorTorTornenenenesasasasa

Sina pb.)~ (G, levit. 26, 26).

82

axal qarTulSi qeglis mixedviT dasturdeba TorTorTorTornenenene \\

ToToToTone ne ne ne leqsemebi. ZiriTad saleqsikono erTeulad ToToToToneaneaneanea miCneuli.

gvxvdeba TornTornTornTorn- \\ TonTonTonTon-fuZeTagan rogorc nawarmoebi si-

tyvebi, ise sintagmebi. mag., ToToToToneneneneuuuuli li li li || TorTorTorTorneneneneuuuulililili ToneSi

gamomcxvari puri (an mWadi); ToToToTonininini(ssss) la la la lavavavavaSiSiSiSi TorneSi gamo-

mcxvari lavaSi; ToToToTonis amonis amonis amonis amonTenTenTenTebabababa naxurebi Tornis xelaxla amo-

nTeba; ToToToTones Tvals uzams nes Tvals uzams nes Tvals uzams nes Tvals uzams (Tvals aurTvals aurTvals aurTvals aurTavsTavsTavsTavs, , , , auraurauraurTmevsTmevsTmevsTmevs) ToneSi

nakverCxals guls gauCxreks gasaRviveblad da sxv.

Sdr. ebr., arab., aqad. tinûru (k. wereT.).

2. Zvel qarTulSi – TorTorTorTornenenene `fari~: moiRo TornTornTornTornჱჱჱჱ−−−− uZle-

veli siwmidჱ O, – − moiRos fari−– uZleveli Rirsebisa (pb.,

sibrZ. sol. 5, 20). Segkribo... yovelni... Tor Tor Tor TorninininiTaTaTaTa da Cafxute-

biTa (O, ezek. 38, 5).

qeglSi aRniSnuli sityva dasturdeba rogorc TorTorTorTornininini,

ise ToToToTorisrisrisris saxiT da Zvelis klasifikaciiT. Torni: [mefes]

TorTorTorTornininini moarTves da sabarkuli (g. leon.). TorTorTorTornininini gadaicva [ma-

mamzem] (k. gamsax.). loms daexura Tavs muzaradi, tanT saomari

Caecva ToToToToriririri (g. abaS.).

samecniero literaturis mixedviT 1. sityva berZnuli-

dan unda iyos nasesxebi ό �ώραρ,-āko (l. geleniZe).

2. igi s.-qarTveluri sityva unda iyos dakavSirebuli

TorTorTorTor `moxveva, Cacma, Casacmeli = mosaxvevi~, qarT. Tori || Tor-

ni (pluralia tantum) : zan. [Tor- : svan. Sdär- || Stor- ||

Sdor- *STor-) sityvebTan (m. Cuxua).

3. ToToToToriririri (T. tor) sartyeli, badurad naqsovi sartyeli

(aWaruli, Cveneburebis qarTuli, ingilouri). TevzsaWeri ba-

de: `ReleebSi dejWirav, saCmaiT, ToriT (SavSuri).

4. xevsurulSi dasturdeba ToToToToriririri knin. ToToToTorrrraaaanininini mniSvne-

lobiT moduRebuli Sratis (`tkbisvlis~) xaWo Sratnarevi.

ziscvrisas akeTeben erbos, satans, kaltsaØ, xarSos, tkbisvlis

TorsTorsTorsTors (Sinamrewv.). ga ga ga gaTorTorTorTordedededebabababa siTxeSi gaiSleba, gaiTqvifeba

(yveli da misT.).

83

vfiqrobT, am SemTxvevaSi ToToToToriririri igive unda iyos rac sva-

nuris T…irT…irT…irT…ir bz., T…ir bq., lnt. T…r lSx. 1. orTqli, oxSiva-

ri. cx…ads T…‹r oxŒzi (bz.) − saaraye qvabs orTqli asdis. 2.

naTavedi. eSxu lˆgres, eSxu boTlik T…irs i alis Ci kuidol-

Te�sga �disgx (bq. 71) –− erT kvercxs, erT boTl naTaveds da

amaT yvelas kalaTaSi awyoben.

n in in in i n o x an o x an o x an o x a x ix ix ix i a Sa Sa Sa S v iv iv iv i llll iiii ciciciciququququ---- si si si sityvis setyvis setyvis setyvis semanmanmanmantitititikikikikisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis

Zvel qarTul teqstebSi dasturdeba ciciciciququququ-s zmna: `rom-

lisaTvis ese vcivcivcivciququququ jaW‚TurT~ (efes. 6,20); `cccciiiiqusqusqusqus wmidaTa

maT winaSe~ (and.-anat. 224,1). romelsac ilia abulaZe Zveli

qarTuli enis leqsikonSi ase ganmartavs: ci ci ci ciququququ- mociquloba,

msaxureba (abulaZe 1973); z. sarjvelaZis ganmartebiT: `ciciciciquaquaquaqua

Suamavloba~ (sarjvelaZe 1995).

sulxan-sabas `sityvis konaSi~ ciciciciquaquaquaqua aris `oxaoxaoxaoxa, gigigigina mona mona mona mo----

ciciciciququququlolololobabababa Β. n. vmociqulob, vsciqu, vciqu, imociqula, moci-quli, (manaØsTanac), samociqulo, saciqueli~; xolo oxa oxa oxa oxa _

`Svela, gina moxmareba ZABC...~ momomomociciciciququququlolololobabababa leqsikonSi ganmar-

tebuli ar aris, aris momomomociciciciququququlililili: `ese ars RmrTisa mier momomomo----vlivlivlivlinenenenebubububulililili Sjulis maswavlelad; despani ars mefisgan mefes-Tan mimimimigzagzagzagzaninininilililili mociqulad saqmesa rasame zeda (romelsa spars-

ni elCad uwoden B); omira ars despani xangrZlad myofi; momomomo----mTxromTxromTxromTxrobebebebelililili da mimimimivlivlivlivlinenenenebubububulililili ars kacman vinme amxanags(a) anu

uaRressa mimimimiugugugugzavzavzavzavnosnosnosnos saqmesa rasame zeda ... ZA~. vmovmovmovmociciciciququququloblobloblob

mociqulad val ZAB. vscivscivscivsciququququ Sdr. vcivcivcivciqu qu qu qu (2 korinT. 5,22;

efes. 6,20) viox, gina vmociqulob B. imoimoimoimociciciciququququlalalala mociquloba

qna (sulxan-saba I :1991). sasasasamomomomociciciciququququlolololo mociqulT sityva ZA...

sasasasaciciciciququququeeeelililili samociqulo ZAB. mosaxmarebeli C. saTxovneli sa-ƒmarTa D. saTxovari E~. (sulxan-saba II :1993).

84

qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi ciqciqciqciqvisvisvisvis ganmarte-

bisas ilustraciad damowmebulia erTaderTi ilustracia da-

viT guramiSvilis poemidan: `ciqciqciqciqvivivivi Zv. despani, mociquli. [vax-tang mefem] ubrZana Tavis moymeTa: ... `aw xeli hkideT ciqciqciqciqvebvebvebveb----sasasasa, mag matyuara flidebsa!~ (d. guram.) (qegl VIII, 1964); Sdr.:

momomomociciciciququququlililili 1. vin vin vin vinmesmesmesmesTan raTan raTan raTan raiiiime dame dame dame davavavavalelelelebiT gabiT gabiT gabiT gagzavgzavgzavgzavninininili li li li (mimimimigzavgzavgzavgzav----

ninininilililili) pi pi pi piriririri, _ Su Su Su Suaaaamamamamavavavavalililili... // gadat. mauwyebeli, momtani, Se-

mtyobinebeli (raime ambisa); winamorbedi. ◊ bnebnebnebneleleleleTis moTis moTis moTis mociciciciququququ----

lililili... ... ... ... ◊ eSeSeSeSmamamamakis mokis mokis mokis mociciciciququququli li li li gadat. macduri; matyuara... pirSi maqebeli eSmakis mociquliao (andaza). 2. ist. elCi (mniSv. 2),

despani (mniSv. 2)... 3. ekl. saxarebis mixedviT _ ieso qristes

TiToeuli mowafeTagani, romlebic mis moZRvrebas avrceleb-

dnen... (qegl V, 1958).

Tanamedrove qarTulSi ciqciqciqciqvavavava zmna aRar arsebobs (is iS-

viaTia ZvelSic), ciciciciququququ- Ziri ki SemorCa sityvebSi: momomomociciciciqulqulqulquli

da sasasasamomomomociciciciququququlolololo (eklesia); agreTve, sasasasaciciciciququququelelelel, romelic, Ziri-

Tadad, dialeqtebSi gvxvdeba. qeglis ganmartebiT sasasasaciqciqciqciqvevevevelililili

aris `1. sasasasaoooojajajajaxoxoxoxo nivnivnivnivTeTeTeTebibibibi (WurWurWurWurWeWeWeWelililili, aveaveaveavejijijiji, dadadada sxvasxvasxvasxva iaiaiaiararararaRiRiRiRi...),

romromromromlelelelebicbicbicbic SeSeSeSeiZiZiZiZlelelelebabababa memememezobzobzobzobleblebleblebmamamama ererererTmaTmaTmaTmaneTsneTsneTsneTs aTxoaTxoaTxoaTxovonvonvonvon. av mezo-

bels cecxli da wyali saciqveli egonao (andaza). mosaciqvles

daxede da saciqvelze uari ise uTxario (andaza). [efemiamac]

rac mezoblebSi an saciqveli hqonda, an sesxi _ moitana (T.

razik.). 2. ZvZvZvZv. igiigiigiigiveaveaveavea, racracracrac sasasasamomomomociciciciququququlolololo (qegl VI, 1960).

saciqvelis es mniSvnelobebi dadasturebulia daviT Cu-

binaSvilis leqsikonSic: sasasasaciqciqciqciqvevevevelililili samociqulo (naxe ciqua) // mdabiurad: samezoblo saTxovebeli, saxlSi saxmarni nivTni, avejeuloba, WurWeli da misTanani~... ciciciciquaquaquaqua (vsciqu) oxa, meo-xeba, Suamdgomloba, Suamavloba anu mociquloba... momomomociciciciququququlililili

(e. i. mciqveli, naxe ciqua) saRmrTosa Sina werilsa ewodebis mowafeTa qe½sTa, viTa movlenilad mqadageblad saxarebisa kacTa Soris (mat. 10,2;...). // msofliurad: movlenili Suamavlad, meo-xad, gina SeTulilis sityvis saTqmelad... (d. CubinaSvili 1984).

yvela CvenganisaTvis momomomociciciciququququlilililissss saxeli wmida maxareb-

lebTan asocirdeba: momomomociciciciququququlelelelebibibibi swored ieso qristes 12 mo-

85

wafe, misi moZRvrebis gamavrceleblebi arian. amas sulxan-sabas

ganmartebac mowmobs: `momomomociciciciququququlililili ese ars RmrTisa mier movli-

nebuli Sjulis maswavlelad...~ (sulxan-saba 1991). momomomociciciciququququ----

leblebleblebririririvi Rvawvi Rvawvi Rvawvi Rvawlililili _ mociqulTa msgavsi saqmianoba _ uangaro,

Tavganwiruli, erTguli, Sdr.: `Sromoben mociqulebriv, Tavi

ar moaqvT didada~ (akaki).

arnold Ciqobavas naSromSi `saxelis fuZis uZvelesi age-

buleba qarTvelur enebSi~, vkiTxulobT: `momomomo-ciqciqciqciq-ulululul- (awmyo:

ciciciciququququ-s)... vcivcivcivciququququ `vmociqulob~, e.i. `vigzavnebi~ (berZn. appos-

tolos `gagzavnili~), Sdr. megr. fuZe: -CqvCqvCqvCqv-: mi-da-CqCqCqCq-u, Wan. me-

ndo-CqCqCqCq-u `gagzavna~... (Ciqobava 1942: 66).

xolo Wanur-megrul-qarTul leqsikonSi arnold Ciqobava

werda:

`Wan. Cqv- || Sqv-: mendo-Cq-u `gzavna, посылать~

megr. Cqv-: midê-Cq-u ` _ ~

qarT. cqv-: [mo-ciq-ul-i] [посланный]

svan. ciqæ-

...bolokiduri -v (Cqv-) ikargeba megrulSic da WanurSic

u-s win: Cqu- < Cqvu-. CqvCqvCqvCqv- Zirs qarTulSi Seesatyviseba: cqvcqvcqvcqv- ||

ciqvciqvciqvciqv- || ZvZvZvZv. qarTqarTqarTqarT. ciq…ciq…ciq…ciq…-. es Ziri warmodgenilia qarT. mo-ciq-

ul-Si, rac `gagzavnils~ niSnavs.

svanurSi ciq…ciq…ciq…ciq…- amJamadac ixmareba zmnis fuZed (Ciqobava

1938: 379).

aq moyvanili svanuri -ciq…ciq…ciq…ciq…- Ziris mniSvneloba avtors

ar miuTiTebia. sainteresoa, am mxriv, svanuris monacemebi:

zmna, romelSic ciciciciququququ- Ziri dasturdeba, `TvalTvals~ aRniS-

navs: svan. x-o-ciq…ciq…ciq…ciq…-�r-i `uTvalTvalebs~, mé-ciqciqciqciq…………-��rrrr-i `moTval-

Tvale~, svanurSi leqsikuri erTeuli lililili-ciqciqciqciq…………-��rrrr-iiii `mamamamalululululadladladlad

cqecqecqecqerasrasrasras~, `TvalTvalTvalTvalTvaTvaTvaTvalslslsls~ niSnavs. agreTve, svanuri folkloruli

gmiri, personaJi ciq…lciq…lciq…lciq…l-idididid-i _ `jaSuSi, flidi, matyuara, enis

mimtani adamiani~.

zemomoyvanil masalaSi gamoikveTa ciciciciququququ---- Ziris da misgan

nawarmoebi saxelebis ramdenime mniSvneloba: gzavna _ mivline-

ba (raime misiiT), Suamavloba, msaxureba, daxmareba (aqedan

86

gamomdinare: saxmari nivTebi, romelic SeiZleba sxvas aTxo-

vo...); da, uaryofiTi : TvalTvali, enis mitana, jaSuSo-

ba_mstovroba. mizezi semantikuri gadasvlebisa naTelia: moci-

quli igzavneba, is Tavisi saqmiT exmareba, emsaxureba sxvas, is

Suamavalia or mxares Soris, Tumca, mas, rogorc Suamavals,

uwevs ambis mitan-motana, dakvirveba (TvalTvali); Sesabamisad,

is an sikeTes emsaxureba, an _ borotebas: mas sikeTis motanac

SeuZlia da borotebisac.

c ic ic ic i r a j a nr a j a nr a j a nr a j a n j R aj R aj R aj R a v av av av a

memememegrugrugrugruli bJa li bJa li bJa li bJa `̀̀̀mzemzemzemze~ ~ ~ ~ nanananawarwarwarwarmomomomoeb sieb sieb sieb sityvebtyvebtyvebtyvebsasasasa da idida idida idida idioooomamamamatur gamotur gamotur gamotur gamoTqmebTqmebTqmebTqmebSiSiSiSi

bJabJabJabJa `mze~ megrul-lazuri enis megruli dialeqtis Ziri-

Tadi leqsikuri fondis kuTvnilebaa da Sesatyvisebi moepoveba

rogorc lazur dialeqtSi, ise sxva qarTvelur enebSi, amitom,

bunebrivia, is saerToqarTvelur sityvad miiCneva.

megrulSi bJabJabJabJa gvxvdeba mravali kompozitis Semadgenloba-

Si (metwilad _ pirvel komponentad):

bJabJabJabJaeeeeiiiioooolulululu `aRmosavleTi~ (zedmiw. `mzis amosasvleli~)

bJabJabJabJadadadadalulululu `dasavleTi~ (zedmiw. `mzis Casasvleli~)

bJabJabJabJaSuSuSuSuZiZiZiZirarararafufufufu `mzeTunaxavi~

JaSJaSJaSJaSxaxaxaxa (<*bJaSxa <*bJaSdRa) `kvira~ (zedmiw. `mzis dRe~)

bJabJabJabJaRoRoRoRoronronronronTiTiTiTi `mzeRmerTi~

bJabJabJabJamomomomoririririnenenenelililili `gamTenia~ (zedmiw. `mze momdgari~)

bJabJabJabJadudududulilililiriririri `Camavali mze~ (zedmiw. `mze Camavali~)

bbbbJJJJaWaWaWaWvevevevelialialialia `mzewvia~ (zedmiw. `mze damwvari~)

bJabJabJabJaxuxuxuxunananana `mzis Casvla~ (zedmiw. `mzejdoma~)

da sxv.

megrulSi bJabJabJabJa-sagan afiqsebiT nawarmoebi saxelebic gvaqvs.

87

a) s u f i q s u r i w a r m o e b a

bJebJebJebJelililili || bJebJebJebJeriririri || bJebJebJebJeSiSiSiSi `mziani, mziuri~

bJabJabJabJalalalala || bJabJabJabJalalalalarararara `mzianoba, mziani adgili~...

b) p r e f i q s u l i - s u f i q s u r i w a r m o e b a

nanananabJebJebJebJeriririri || nanananabJalbJalbJalbJaluuuu `namzeuri~

obobobobJaJaJaJalelelele || obobobobJaJaJaJaleleleleSiSiSiSi `samzeo adgili~...

sakmaod xSiria idiomatur gamoTqmebSi bJabJabJabJa sityvis gamo-

yeneba.

bJa elbJa elbJa elbJa elmursmursmursmurs `mze amodis~

bJa dilbJa dilbJa dilbJa dilmursmursmursmurs `mze Cadis~

bbbbJaS seJaS seJaS seJaS seruaruaruarua `mzis dabneleba~ (zedmiw. `mzis daRameba~)

bJaS mabJaS mabJaS mabJaS majijijijinenenene `cocxali arseba~ (zedmiw. `mzis Semxedvare~)

bJaS gobJaS gobJaS gobJaS gofafafafaCuaCuaCuaCua `gaTeneba~ (zedmiw. `mzis gaSla~)

bJaS ekibJaS ekibJaS ekibJaS ekinananana `mzis aweva~

bJa pis ibonsbJa pis ibonsbJa pis ibonsbJa pis ibons `mze pirs ibans~

bJaS qarbJaS qarbJaS qarbJaS qarTaTaTaTa `mzis gvirgvini~

da sxv.

moxsenebaSi warmodgenili iqneba bJabJabJabJa-sTan dakavSirebuli

nawarmoebi sityvebisa da idiomebis struqturuli analizi.

n in in in i n o j o rn o j o rn o j o rn o j o r b eb eb eb e n an an an a Z eZ eZ eZ e

`̀̀̀zzzz~~~~ da da da da `̀̀̀qqqq~~~~ Zi Zi Zi ZirerererebibibibisasasasaTvis qarTvis qarTvis qarTvis qarTulTulTulTulSiSiSiSi

qarTul sityvawarmoebaSi Zalian xSiria `zzzzeeee~ da `qveqveqveqve~

prefiqs-morfemoidTa gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi. calke aRebuli

es fuZeebi Tanamedrove qarTulSi ukve aRar gvxvdeba, Tumca

adreul etapze isini savaraudod martivi saxiTac gamoiyenebo-

da, Sesabamisad `zeviT~/ `zemoT~... da `qveviT~/ `qvemoT~... Sina-arsis gadmosacemad. ganviTarebis Semdgom etapze enaSi momxda-

ri globaluri cvlilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT saWiro gaxda am

88

Zirebis garTuleba, xolo martivi fuZeebi prefiqs-morfemoi-

debad iqcnen.

savaraudod, `zezezeze~/`qveqveqveqve~ Zirebic iSleba: zzzz-eeee; qqqq-uuuu-eeee...

aRniSnuli Zirebis gamoyenebis sayovelTaod cnobili Se-

mTxvevebis garda (ze/qvemo, ze/qve-viT, ze/qve-na...) SesaZlebelia,

igive Zirebi monawileobdnen sxva fuZeebis agebaSic. savaraudod:

zezezeze>mmmm-zzzz-eeee (SesaZlebelia zezezeze>*mmmm-zzzz-evevevev-iiii>mmmm-zzzz-eeee cvlilebis

varaudic), semantikuri gadasvliT: `zemo adgili~, `zeviT~>

`zemoT mdebare ciuri sxeuli~>ciuri sxeulis sakuTari saxeli;

Tavis mxriv mmmm-zzzz-eeee>*mmmm-zzzz-aaaa>*zzzz-aaaa, semantikuri gadasvliT `mze~>

`mzis triali~>`mzis trialis dro, garkveuli periodi~>`weli~, `weliwadi~ (svanuris analogiuri fuZe sxva warmoSobis Cans).

aRniSnuli Ziri dasturdeba `zazazaza-fxulfxulfxulfxul~, `zazazaza-mTarmTarmTarmTar~ fuZeebSi,

romlebic, savaraudod, ase unda davSaloT:

zazazaza-mmmm-TTTT-arararar-iiii, sadac `mmmm~ ganviTarebulia, `TTTT~ _ `TTTT-ov-s~ fuZeSi dadasturebuli Ziri, rogorc amas marTebulad varau-

doben. amave varaudiT, `TTTT-arararar~ mimReobaa da mTlianad kompozi-

ti aRniSnavs `Tovlian dros, sezons~. savaraudod, amave ZirTanaa kavSirSi `JaJaJaJamimimimi~ (=dro, xani)

fuZe. ganviTarebis safexurebi ase warmogvidgeba:

*zazazaza>*zazazaza-nnnn-i i i i (semantikuri gadasvla: `wel-n-i~>`dro~, `xani~)>

*zazazaza-mmmm-iiii>JaJaJaJa-mmmm-iiii;

xolo, `qve~ ZirTan dakavSirebiT ikveTeba:

qqqq-vvvv-eeee>qvaqvaqvaqva (SesaZlebelia qqqq-vvvv-eeee>*qqqq-vvvv-avavavav(/alalalal-)-iiii>qqqq-vvvv-aaaa cvlile-

bis daSvebac), semantikuri gadasvliT: `qvemoT mdebare masa,

miwa, miwis nawili~ >`qva~. enis ganviTarebis Semdgom etapze aRniSnuli Zirebi

axal-axali formebis warmoebas udeben safuZvels, romelTa

Soris kavSiric ufro TvalsaCinoa da eWvs ar iwvevs.

arnold cinold ciqoqobabbaabavasvasvas ... sakitkhavebi/xxiv.pdf · 2 samecniero sesia gaimarteba...

Documents