7-2 eukaryotic cell structure - district 186 notes.ppt.pdf · 9/19/11 1 7-2 eukaryotic cell...
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
I. Parts of the Cell
A. Nucleus -control center of the cell -contains DNA -Parts of the nucleus Chromatin-granular material
visible inside the nucleus, forms chromosomes during cell division
Nucleolus - inside nucleus, makes ribosomes
Nuclear envelope - surrounds nucleus, contains nuclear pores
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B. Ribosomes -assemble
proteins -located on the
endoplasmic reticulum and also floating in cytoplasm
Ribosomes
C. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) 1. Rough ER - modify proteins, assemble cell membrane parts, move proteins to golgi apparatus 2. Smooth ER - no ribosomes, detoxification & synthesis of membrane lipids
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D. Golgi Apparatus - modify, sort & package proteins
from the ER - ships proteins where they are
needed in the cell
E. Lysosomes - break down lipids, carbs, &
proteins - digest old cell parts - “garbage disposals”
F. Vacuoles - used for storage of water, salt, & proteins
Vacuole
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G. Choloroplasts - plants only -contain chlorophyll -capture sun-light to carry out photosynthesis -have their own DNA
Chloroplast
Chloroplast
H. Mitochondria - use food energy to make compounds for growth, development & movement - have their own DNA - “powerhouse” of the cell
Mitochondrion
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II. Support - Cytoskeleton
! Maintain cell shape & aid in movement ! Made of 2 kinds of protein
– Microtubules ! Hollow tubes of protein ! Separate chromosomes during cell division ! Make up cilia & flagella
– Microfilaments ! Long, thin fibers ! Form a flexible network to move organelles around
Cytoskeleton ! Cytoskeleton
Ribosomes Mitochondrion
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cell membrane
Microtubule
Microfilament