English population was far English population was far greater than French in greater than French in AmericaAmerica

Reasons for coming to Reasons for coming to AmericaAmerica

Spanish – to conquerSpanish – to conquer

English – to establish English – to establish settlementssettlements

French – to trade (furs)French – to trade (furs)

French gov’t wanted French gov’t wanted colonies as a line of colonies as a line of defense against Englishdefense against English

Along St. Lawrence RiverAlong St. Lawrence River

QuebecQuebec

MontrealMontreal

Search for Northwest PassageSearch for Northwest Passage

Jacques Marquette – priestJacques Marquette – priest

Louis Joliet – fur traderLouis Joliet – fur trader

Navigated from Lake Navigated from Lake Michigan down Miss. River – Michigan down Miss. River –

not all way to Gulfnot all way to Gulf

La SalleLa Salle

used prior info – to Gulfused prior info – to Gulf

**Claimed all land drained by **Claimed all land drained by Miss R. for FranceMiss R. for France

Returned north to plan Returned north to plan another trip w/ settlersanother trip w/ settlers

Missed mouth of river, in TXMissed mouth of river, in TX

Built Ft. St. Louis (2Built Ft. St. Louis (2ndnd flag) flag)

Murdered by own menMurdered by own men

Reasons to settle mouth of Reasons to settle mouth of Mississippi RiverMississippi River

Base of attack against MexicoBase of attack against Mexico Trading post for furs & oreTrading post for furs & ore Keep English from taking control of Miss. Keep English from taking control of Miss.

RiverRiver

1718 New Orleans 1718 New Orleans

*France controlled 2 access points to *France controlled 2 access points to interiorinterior

St Lawrence River – Quebec & MontrealSt Lawrence River – Quebec & Montreal

Mississippi River – New OrleansMississippi River – New Orleans

Mississippi RiverMississippi River

France increases tensions with SpainFrance increases tensions with Spain

Both England & France recruited Both England & France recruited Indian alliesIndian allies

England – IroquoisEngland – Iroquois

French – Algonquin & HuronFrench – Algonquin & Huron

English population increases rapidlyEnglish population increases rapidly

not the Frenchnot the French

French built forts around Ohio ValleyFrench built forts around Ohio Valley

FRONTIERFRONTIERBRUTALITYBRUTALITY

ALBANY PLAN OF UNIONALBANY PLAN OF UNION17541754

Benjamin Franklin called for Benjamin Franklin called for colonies to unite for defense colonies to unite for defense against Indiansagainst Indians

11stst political cartoon political cartoon““Join or Die”Join or Die”

***Colonists feared a ***Colonists feared a central governmentcentral government

Meant giving up their Meant giving up their independenceindependence

FRENCH & INDIAN WARFRENCH & INDIAN WARVirginia governor sent Geo. Virginia governor sent Geo.

Washington to drive French from Washington to drive French from Ohio valleyOhio valley

Ft. Duquesne – Fr. fort at forks of Ft. Duquesne – Fr. fort at forks of Ohio RiverOhio River

Ft. Necessity – British fort – attacked Ft. Necessity – British fort – attacked by Frenchby French

11stst battle of French & Indian War battle of French & Indian War*The defeat of Ft. Necessity cost the *The defeat of Ft. Necessity cost the

British their Indian alliesBritish their Indian allies

French AdvantagesFrench Advantages

Controlled more land in Controlled more land in AmericaAmerica

New France had a single gov’tNew France had a single gov’t

France sent ships & soldiers to France sent ships & soldiers to fightfight

France could depend on loyal France could depend on loyal Indian alliesIndian allies

English AdvantagesEnglish Advantages

More settlers than the More settlers than the FrenchFrench

Colonies along coast – Colonies along coast – easier to defendeasier to defend

English willing to fight to English willing to fight to defend their homesdefend their homes

22ndnd attempt to take Ft. attempt to take Ft. DuquesneDuquesne

General Edward Braddock > General Edward Braddock >

Ft. DuquesneFt. DuquesneFrench laid ambush French laid ambush 2/3 of army killed2/3 of army killedBraddock killedBraddock killed

Result: French kept control of Result: French kept control of Ohio ValleyOhio Valley

1757 New prime minister1757 New prime ministerWilliam Pitt – planned to William Pitt – planned to winwin

Began winning back the Began winning back the fortsforts

Ft. Duquesne taken, Ft. Duquesne taken, renamedrenamed

Ft. PittFt. Pitt

BATTLE OF QUEBECBATTLE OF QUEBEC

City on hill over St. Lawrence RiverCity on hill over St. Lawrence River

James Wolfe (Br) sneaked 4,000 James Wolfe (Br) sneaked 4,000 troops during the night up the hilltroops during the night up the hill

Next a.m. great battleNext a.m. great battle

French lost Quebec – French lost Quebec –

**turning point of the war**turning point of the war

Montreal was lost laterMontreal was lost later

BRITISH VICTORY!BRITISH VICTORY!

Treaty of Paris 1763Treaty of Paris 1763Ended French & Indian War (also Ended French & Indian War (also known as the 7 Years War)known as the 7 Years War)Britain took:Britain took:Canada & all land east of Miss. RiverCanada & all land east of Miss. RiverNot New OrleansNot New OrleansSpain took:Spain took:All land west of Miss. River All land west of Miss. River andand New Orleans New Orleans

Pioneers eagerly moved into Pioneers eagerly moved into the Ohio River Valleythe Ohio River Valley

Indians began to join together Indians began to join together to resist the Britishto resist the British

Pontiac’s RebellionPontiac’s Rebellion

Indians drove out BritishIndians drove out British

British found it was hard to British found it was hard to govern large amounts of landgovern large amounts of land