\ \x\\\\§Z;§Y®`{ § x i §\\\ \ \ OCR Output

7 / Z

%

TR H Ns PH /?ENcrES• C0 Pr E S 0 F

data storage and data management are addressed.shown, and the interfacing of dUferent CAD-Systems is discussed. The problems ofapplications of CAD-Systems are given, the future integration into CIM-Systems ispractical use should contain a 2D-System for input and drafting purposes. Practicalare described and their advantages/disadvantages touched. Modelling systems forviews and the calculation of mass properties is possible. Dyferent types of models

Z metric databases for further planning operations, e. g. the generation of arbitrary'/////A %aing systems create three-dimensional models of the real objects. These serve as georiation of existing drawings and the simplwed defnition of standard parts. Modelloriented (2D-)systems are presented and explained. They allow, for example, the vaa classwcation of CAD—Systems is given. Functions and data structures of draftingtext. The historic development of CAD is touched and the general architecture andThe various terms (CAD, CAM, CAE, CIM, etc. ) are defned and put into a con

/

ABSTRACT¢,`...¤;·_·· . yy W E

AuditoriumPLACEAv/,//A4

11.00 to 12.00 hrsTIME

: 24 & 25 November, 1986DATES

: Computer-aidcd engineering in mechanicsTITLEIW4¢

LECTURER : R. DASSLER / CONTRAVES, Zurich

/ Q? 2%/ //7/% ?/ ; {IO T

V

améw 1986 -— 1987 ACADEMIC TRAINING PROGRAMME

2251%

;;¢» " tur»9;>urs/<%iCoy ,»//4 r¢%%Q

__/4/AWIHWHIW », ,4 , »»/ Myer 55% ,;///b,<@4%;%

?·i;i> .1i~}<9>; '¢>J /{y_/Z,. VZ ’;ig-;»;j%· ,;_,/,r{,/Z, /» / 2* »:Z/L (ff ~

>» :2¢¢% yQ,;2>i,{%wx; xg #4w/rm ZZQZY ·’/./y7 ;,;(2;;%;;. 1 ` .· 6

7 V , 9/T/{Y; C;"}&é/%’2f2%ii¥?2¢ Y'?I

A.; V0/ A@ZW \gx xQ§x_5jg_;j§ ;§§gg fQ_jQ j{§x{§§g;5ggj; A x;»;—;§\~{~;;xjx_¤g.;~x;5\\gsn ~`»\x;\x_ jx} — gr ;j—\g\—.\»;\x» .r,. 0; .rr» \ .»_ ` _\ ._\.\_ \_ ______Mix; x \ ~ if ¥~‘~§;\§.\%N;>—r?*x°¥—<~ `—.· xxx-» ~x`· ~t?~x~i<x§x¥§ x:r·y¥x;¤\\ =:x;$<i.;b—i=~—t—>> \1 ` xv ;—s——:»: —»‘»> x~x~ :—s: ` :5; ~.»~x—` ~__— ~~? `x‘~ x `——·¤>.x~ Q~ix\i—».x?·—<<~¤x•xx‘i»>x~¤>§§»i»x¥<~¤¢—i~ x *1%; »—`· s if / ’/ \ \ ~\ \—‘\* ~ -\·\ \ \ ~» *` \\Q·‘\x ~\ »x\>.y~.\* \:.~\·~>: —‘xx;x vi xx ·—x¤i»si~*x x \·§—~ixx Q x~\xx~·~ `—~· * ` xx N ·¥:~E—\->?~ xx \\\\ x‘x~\xxx~,x~\* \s—\;~;x xxxm ·—_~~ — mixx —-_~_ . K o {9// / `\\\§»\\\`£yoxx`x‘}sx `x*x*`~ ~`·3x\x§x·§}x\·}Y Ixv x= x` xm x}¥—.—`·*~r~f}Yx——~Q`—.~.-l~·§—\—‘~}`x\*x·x_» xj~qx>sQ§x3§¥_Q—_j ~.—.- ;T~»,~_ _¤§§»\Qx_x§x·Z C)\\\\` §§§\ »\Q\@\\y‘ \\ \‘-\~ » \\\ x\ ~ \ —` =~` \ `\ ~ ‘\` ` `· \ , . _ ~ Mx ` E \¤:&. \\§\\ \ \ \\\§\Q®\ \\\\`\§T\3·\\\\; \·\`\;§.;`\3\\§»\\ \\Q§Q~§ \\§ \}\\\\ vs Q g\ * ‘ vy \j· \ \ ~ \_\ ·` \ \ »—\_ » \_ \ .\\\ , _ _ :>¤>>;§ im; :»¤\:; :Ee~> : ¤2-><**>z>\¥*>>: i>>¥¥®¥ :§*¥<>¥§ r e x \~ · xx x x~ »·— ;~ xy x~:r ~j4~~»·-§ xx \x;\yx‘ . x·¤-xx 0; >~ `——. —~ »: x—¤ = »_·>—\ ` 3 X sy; 3 }~ _ `x;> x _ \‘·—¤j \ xx~>_—» V *

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Definition of terms OCR OutputCAD in the industrial production process

FFS Flexible manufacturing system

PPS Planning and control of manufacturing

CIM Computer Integrated Manufacturing

CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing

CAE Computar Aidad Enginaaring

CAP Computar Aidad Planning

CAD Computer Aided Dasign

Manufacturing FFS

Manufacturing Control PPS }CAlVl

CIIVI

Procass Planning CAP

CAE

CADDavalopmant/Dasign

Computer applicationFunction

Ice 0-11 EOCR OutputCDIIUHEI

CAD in tha industrial prcducticn prccass OCR Output

ArchltacturaPlant anglnaarlng

ElactrcnicsMechanical anginaaring

00000 O TPBOO

;_' 9.%-BTI?

-•<1""

. _l. I ·u21.¤2

N.11¢v1.n.I3:6.7.

ICE 83-5 Emn

FIRST MICROPROCESSORS FOR WORKSTATXONS OCR Output1971

1970 FIRST DESCRIPTION OF RELATIONAL DBMS

PRICES (TEKTRONIX)

INTRODUCTION OF STORAGE TUBE DISPLAYS FOR REASONABLE

1968 ASP — GENERAL STORING STRUCTURE FOR OBJECT DATA

1967 SCULPTURED SURFACE SYSTEMS IN GB, JPN. USA, D

INDEPENDENT GRAPHIC OUTPUT

1966 GINO (UNIV. OF CAMBRIDGE), PROGRAMSYSTEM WITH DEVICE

(SUTHERLAND)

APPLICATION AND PROGRAMMING OF REFRESH DISPLAYS1963

1962 CONCEPTS FOR DBMS ( »·CDDASYL>

1959 APT - TERM CAD (Ross AT M.I.T.>

FIRST APPLICATIONS FOR FEM AND CIRCUIT LAYOUT1955

suBsvsTEMs

PHASE 1: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF BASIC ALGORITHMS AND

H I S T O R Y O F C A D

mntm@

(E.G. CEFE. IFIP. CAM-I) OCR Output

SOFTWAREHOUSES

ORGANISATIONS WITH MEMBERS FROM INDUSTRY. UNIVERSITIES AND

1975. STANDARDISATION EFFORTS FOR GRAPHICS SOFTWARE ( > GKS)

DBSURF. GEOLAN IN D)

(E.G. COMPUTERVISION. CADAM. CADD. SYNTHAVISION IN USA.

INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENTS

PADL)

(E.G. COMPAC. PRDREN. BUILD. ROMULUS. TIPS-]. GEOMAP.

USA. JPN

1969. UN1vERs1Tv DEVELOPMENTS OF 2D- AND BD-SYSTEMS IN D. GB.

START OF EXAPT—DEVELOPMENT1965

PHASE 2: DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS

HISTORY OF CAD

cmma@

(DIN) 1N CAD-SYSTEMS OCR Output

ATTEMPTS TO DEFINE MEANS TO GENERATE STANDARD PARTS

SURFACES

VDAFS - PROPOSED STANDARD FOR EXCHANGE OF SCULPTURED

TODAY >>100 CAD—svsTEMs AVAILABLE

1981 GKS — STANDARD FOR GRAPHICS SOFTWARE

FAc1Nc DIFFERENT CHD—SYSTEMS »» PDES. STEP.

1980... IGES — FIRST ATTEMRT TO DEFINE A STANDARD FOR INTER

PHASE 3: COMPLEX SYSTEMS COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE

H I S‘T O R Y O F C A D

CQFIIBFBIES

Different views of CAD—Systems OCR Output

Basic product BP

ZPS I I ZP2 Addit.productZP1

ZP1.1(Saiesman`s view)

Product structure

Memory/DBMSData management

Subsystem I [Subsystem I I Subsystem

Communication(Programmer`s view)System architecture System frame

r=1.1I Ir=1.2I Ir=1.3I lr=2.1I Ii=2.2I |r=3.1| |i=3.2| |r=3.s| |r=s.4

F1 F2 F3

(User`s view)

Functional Model

ICE 83-23 E¢¤H¢¤I»¤|'

CONCAD — System architecture

DBMS OCR Output

temporary |permanent

Models DBMS-Interface

Data Management

subsystemsspecific

oranmg Modelling Appiicatipn

SubsystemSubsystemso2D

CAD/CAM-ModelslgtQ" ippiiier"QVQ‘S‘a"°" . User |I'iT9i'f8.C9voV0

Communication

Frame

ICE 84-3 ECDIIUHIEI

automated generation of drawings (part 1) OCR Outputain functions of a 2D—System for the

6*5 E

TEX T ,_

and annotatingimensioning, hatching,

ScalingTrimming

the geometrySpiittiiioQh¤mi9ti¤9Modification of

CrosshairsArc

geometric elements

LineP¤i¤tCreation of

ice o-e.1 E

automated generation of drawings (part 2) OCR OutputMain functions of a 2D-System for the

NZ9

WZ11

LayersAttributes

Structuring GwupsGVGUPS

MirrorCopy

RotateMoveManipulating

liv

l @Jg®

Single elements Active setkjgmifying

ice c-9.2 Emnhalel

to

Example for the data structure in a 2D—l\/lodel OCR Output

ww! Angular dimensionE Point

AM Linaar dimensionB | Arc

S Straight line Macro kay hols

P6! ! P7 ! ! P8P1| |P2| IPS! !r=4! !!¤5

B2 ! I ss I ! BsS1! IBM Iszl Iss! |s4

AM1 AM2

AM1

P2s1

WMs4 psAr]2 P5

sz s1BsS3

Pa ss P7

sz pzP4

Ice 84-2 E(DUKE

Graphische Darstellung einer ASP-Struktur

>—4 RangPM

cberer Rang von PM@ Assozictor

AssozachonsrnnKBRing vonD Ringkopfunterer

Eiement KB

P1PM}———|P1}——-|P2I-——·IP3

KB

+PMP2

KBP3

ace C-41 OCR OutputCDHUHIES

\2.

object representationPrinciples of the three—dimensionaI

n\ i

/'

*11Y%··""v~ /\‘ " :7

Solid model

/ \` _3A

,/QQTT

Surface model

/·/

time OCR Output

Input Comput. StorageOCR Output. WG frame model Expense

lcE 83-8 E

surfece—oriented 3D—SystemsProcessing of sculptured surfaces in

Combined open Combined closed

¤-I--••-·|·

Closed Open

ice c-za E OCR OutputCDIIIIFIIBI

Examples cf surfaces in exact 3D—I\/Icdels

Cylindrical face (outside) Tcrcidal face

li

Cylindrical face (inside) Cylindrical face Qnside)

Planar facePlanar face

icecsss OCR Output

is

Example ofthe data structure of a 3D—I\/Iodel OCR Output

F Surfaces Points (PI, Pj: Nodes ofthe Splines)

v Volumes K Edges [/{Relation

P1! IP2 Pal lpul Ipsl lpsl IMI IPBI IPII IP;

KWI IKZI IK3 KLI IKSI |K6I IK?] IKBI IK9I |K1(l IKM IK1

F1 F2\ IMI IPM IFS! IF6

V1

F1 rsP1

P2F6 {NQ

K1 { ‘P1

FYFQG\»<#»·-·7K{X~¤

..·•--·""°f?S`%3 “*°`K2

»<5/ \

Ea

ace c-43 ECDIIIIHE

Exact representation vs facetted representation OCR Output

Solid Models

processes

Good suitability for CIM Good suitability for graphics

degree of approximationDecreasing performance Performance depending on the

--»DitficuIt to achieve stability -->Good stabilityHeterogeneous algorithms Homogeneous algorithms

the surfaces shapeOCR OutputExact representation of Approximation ofthe object`s

lcsoeee

ObjektbeschreibungVerwendbare Kérper zur volumenorientierten

KOERPER

PROFH

KOERPER

ROTAUDNS

2D - KONTUR

OUADERZYUNDER

KEGELPMSMA

KUGELTORUS

|(;E C-21 OCR Output(anna;}

Volumenorientierte Objektbeschreibung OCR Output

LISTE,.:5;

:/I

GRUNDPLATTE A

2

,

;;/,·']? ,/gsw S T E G

_;§__.·"`~l='i§`·%·]•

I I I I I II I

I

· "I·I·.

BOHR UNE

ICE C-20

2;

OCR Outputus

einem volumenorientierten 3D-System OCR OutputBeispiele fiir die Anwendung von Nlodellierfunktionen in

HEBEN UND DREHEN VON FLAECHEN

FASEN/RUNDEN

ICE C-22

2 2

3D—SystemsAnwendungsbeispiel eines fléchenorientierten

Ouellez DUCT

Step 3: Verknfnpfung von Haupt- und Ubergangsfléchen

Step 2: Beschreibung der Ubergangsfléchen

Step 1: Beschreibung der Hauprfléchen

step 3

num uucr 2 OCR Outputblend num 1

step 2

main DUCT B

brunch UUUmuin DUCT A

Ststep 1:

$.1

acre c-29(GRUB

Ergebnisse eine-as volumenorientierten 3D—Systems OCR Output

ausgeblendet Schattierte Darstellungverdeckte Kamen automatisch

dargestelltDrahtmodelldarstellungausgeblendet und gastricheltverdeckte Kanten automatisch

ICE C-30

3D-SystemsAnwendungsbeispiel eines volumenorientierten

L. mnhauz: concad

Dichtung Kappa

Auflaufschenbe

//Rotor

Aeusseres Radtager // 1 O

\/" ` QNALQCRadstehbolzen

O `}}\))rDcmung

Hntnehmer OCR Output

Radlager Muiter

Q \{\\<Q>Radlager Rsng

L O

9 Olnneres Radlager gk O

Aeusserer Bremssnhuh

lnnerer Bremsszhuh

Explosionszeichnung einer Scheibenbremse

ace c-27.1CUUUH

us}

SOLID MASTER "Innenansicht'Perspektivische Darstellung mit

Q} A

X

acs D-59 OCR OutputCDIIIIFM

for interfacing CAD and NC—Programmlng OCR OutputFiles

NC—lnfor.

SystemNC—Programming

Tools

Shape elem.

CAD-System

CAD-Models

UserCAD/CAM—SystemsFiles

ICE a4-zz ECOIIIIHIEI

for interfacing CAD and NC-Programming OCR OutputDBMS

SystemProgramming

NC_JG-infor.

ToolsShape elem.CAD-Models

CAD-System

UserCAD/CAM-SystemsData base

ici; 84-24 ECDIIUHIEI

Basic data structure (simplified)

CON CAD—CATALOG

Quality reports OCR Output(e.g. prcduct structures)NC_Parr programs

mcObject structures

mCmC

3D—McdeIsmc

(Drawings)(Parts, assemblies, asc) |12D—Mcde|sObjects

mC

cbject structuresCAD/CAM-DataObjects and

ici; c-2 EOCR Output(DRUG}!

Steps of permanent data storage

CONCAD

the control of the DBMS OCR Output

in iiigs ofthe CAD/CAM—data under

CAD/QAM dam structures and archivingArchiving gf ii-,9 Forming of objectoriented

. Relational DBMSSTAGE 1

Generatorof the CAD-System ogAccess via Dialog Espiggeneratcr

Screen HandlerSTAGE 2 Query Language

DBMS, ag.®Tools of the

of the DBMSusing tools

Add. access

STAGE 3

ici; c-1 ECDDIIHIEI

Design phases and design types

phasededgn

Detail

Variant design OCR Outputphasedesign’70ugh

Adaptive designphasedesignConceptual

New design

ICE 84-1 ea ECDIIUHIEI

Application of DRAFT MASTERDesign phases and design types

data

Drawing

phasedesign QDetail

©©/` /¤

Variant design OCR Output

‘‘—‘

phasedesignRough

ataAdaptive designphasedesignConceptual

New design

ice 84-19b ECOIIUFIIEI

SOLID MASTERApplication of DRAFT MASTER andDesign phases and design types

dataShape data OCR OutputDrawing

phasedesign

oetan©©/` /`

Variant designphasedesignRough

Adaptive design

phasedesignConceptual

New design

ice 84-190 ECDIIUHIEI

GD 2: COFISIGGTHTIOH or SYITITTIGITIGS OCR Output

Ei ,,..-·L

F Z'- l‘ =iZ{

.: ·.t., 2`‘*= ’*·

I / :

symmetrical _] [asymmetricalLoad Load V

OCR Output0}/e

ICE D 37.2 E

Principles to interface CAD and N OCR Output

independent a CAD-System VefiahlenskslleTgChnO|0gjg$pgZ_in

NC-Processor

Part Prog ra

Interfacing

independent - LGg_3;§%_CAD—System

Technology

InterfacingCAD/NGIGES Model elementsoriented

formg9Om€Uy_

specificG Sngral TechnologyPIG-PrOCGSSOf

IGES

of mechanical objectstwo- and threedimensional processing

BASIC PRODUCT

ICE 84-1 E

CADCPL Drehteilbcarbcitungssimulaticn

erfclgtem WerkzeugwechselLéngsdrehen ncch nicht abgearbeitcter Partien nach

‘f ?

Léngsdrchen

aca 0-49.2 OCR OutputCDIIIIFIIEI

Program

Part

V I cAorr~i special OCR OutputInterfacing CAD/NC general

ptl li=2l lpsl IP4P1! IP2| lpal IP4

DataStructure I I

FE2FE1

with special commandswith basic commandsWorkpiece descriptionDrafting definitionInput

technology orientedgeometry orientedspecial andgeneral and

Principles of Interfacing CAD and NC

lCE 83-7 Ecnnharer

Technology specific CAE

NC-Manufacturing

1.1EXAPT

EXAPTBASIC EXAPT OCR Output

NC-Programsystems, e.g.

of Part programs

Interactive Creation

NC-Programming

E Mii isi iTechnologyspecific formelements

Design N

ICE 84-6 ECDIIIIHIQI

CAD—SystemsPossibilities to improve the efficiency of

High importance in practical use

e e OCR Output

stand. parts stand. partsDetaillingChoice of Arrangement of

standard sequences• Automation (Programming) of

High importance in practical use

Var. of dimensions Var. ofthe shape

0 Processing of complex shapes

Subject to research

Pattern recognitione.g. Sketching/Dimensioning• Improvement of input methods

ici; c-ss Etnnlraler

Arbeitsschritte zur Verarbeitung von Handskizzen OCR Output

Quellez Spur, Jansen

representation result

composition

orientation O K-,

classification I xl _\identification @_\

compiter

segmentation

preprocessmg

uagammg

mm?sketching

ICE C—65mnhamr

Treatment of standard shapes

in the object data structureRepresentation of the variation-rulesin a graphic DialogDefinition of a variable standard-shape

Data oriented Macro

on the program levelEnhancement of the CAD-System

Program—Macro

Jil i OCR Output

..2,sequence of commandsApplication of a parametrised

H TProcedure-Macro I `l,"‘

d1

Macros

___..i 4non-graphic informationProcessing of graphic and

diagrams___, I ____ _______| ' 'Processing of schematic

SymbolsICE 83-20 Emnlmies

gestaltvariablen 3D—|\/IacrosBeispiel ffir die Erzeugung eines dimensions- und

Ouellez Dissertation Dassler

Modifikotion Verkniipfung

Mokro lL¤nge, Durchm., Fuse) Dimensionierung

ICE C-63 OCR Output

Konstruktionslinien OCR Output

Konstruktion von Ansichten mit Handskizzen und

Ouelle: Spur, Jansen

lending lines | ||r1 ‘r·I\ i E

resultant

: l·i ··

lending lines

bounded by

2nd input,

i [7

1st input

followed from

leading lines,| |[‘|"‘§

ICE C-68

3D—SystemsAnwendungsbeispiel eines volumenorientierten

mnhme: concad

Spritzgussform

|(;5 C-25_1 OCR OutputCDIIUHEI

Layout einer I\/lontegeanlage

aca; 0-57 OCR OutputCDIIIEIIQI

robot using solid modelling OCR OutputAutomatically generated view of an industrial

\¤chse6

\ ,.. /

`\ AYNQ

¤chs¤5

ICE D-40.1 E

(IGES: Initial Graphics Exchange Specification)

Modellaustausch mit IGES

DateiSequ.

IGES-Modell

DTOZBSSOT DTOZGSSOF OCR OutputDTOZQSSOT pfOZ€SSOf

PostPrePre Post

Modell 2Modell 1

or;-L

System 2System 1

ice 84-1 1OCR OutputOCR OutputOCR OutputCOIIUHIEI

CCNCAD as an open system

Catalog

Relevant Interfaces

temporary | permanent

DBMS—lnterfaceModels

Data Management

subsystemsspecific

satta MaaatDrafting At>t>ll¤¤tl¤¤

Subsystem || || Subsystem3D2D

2/$$3AM-Models>|gt?;_ ¥Vtamn , D II/OUO

DRAFT MASTER SOLID MASTER spec. applicationCommands Commands oftheCommands

ICE 844 ECDIIIIFIIEI

Sz