7.4 Nationalism Threatens Old

Empires

Fall of Hapsburg & Ottoman Empires

Hapsburg (Austrian) Empire

• Nations– Austria– Bohemia– Hungary– Romania– Poland– Ukraine– Northern Italy

• Ethnic Groups– Czechs– Slovaks– Poles– Ukrainians– Serbs– Croats– Slovenes

Questions ???• What problems might a

multinational empire face?

• What problems might Austria face its many ethnic groups?

Hapsburg Empire Declines• Hapsburg emperor ruled absolutely

–Crushed 1848 nationalist revolts• 1859 – Hapsburgs defeated by

Sardinia and France (unification of Italy)

• Limited reforms don’t appease ethnic groups

Questions ???• Why might the Hapsburgs

have attempted to reform their empire after their defeat?

Dual Monarchy• 1866 – Austria defeated by Prussia

(German unification)

• Hapsburg Empire becomes Austria-Hungary Empire

• Other ethnic groups resent new arrangement

• By 1900, government paralyzed by nationalist unrest throughout empire

Questions ???• What event broke the balance

and order of the Hapsburg Empire?

• Why might other ethnic groups resent the Austria-Hungary agreement?

Ottoman Empire Collapses• Stretched from Eastern Europe and

the Balkans to North Africa and the Middle East

• Multinational empire

• 1830s – Serbia and southern Greece won independence

• Other ethnic groups try to follow

“The sick man of Europe”• Mid-1800s – European nations

race to claim territory of crumbling Ottoman Empire

• Balkan nations resent being controlled

• Wars break out in the Balkans–“Powder keg of Europe”