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Chapter 2 Name: ___________________________Period: ______

Section 1: What is Life? Pages 34 - 40

Characteristics of Living Things

All living things have ______________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Cellular organization

Cells are the _____________________________________________________

They are so ______________ that you need a ____________________ to see them.

–Unicellular organism = ________________________________ (ex: ________________)

–Multicellular organism= composed of _____________________ that are specialized to do

_______________________

Chemicals of Life

Most abundant chemical in living things is ____________________

Other chemicals include:

–_____________________________________ (cell’s energy source)

–_____________________________________ (building materials of cells)

–_____________________________________ (cell’s genetic material)

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Energy Use

Living organisms need ___________________________________

Example: your brain cells are at work as you read and write… they need energy do to this

Respond to Surroundings

Stimulus = _______________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

a. Examples: _________________________________________________

Response = ______________________________________________________________

a. Example: ____________________________________

Growth and Development

Growth = ________________________________________________________

Development = ___________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Reproduction

________________________________________________________________________

Life Comes From Life

Living things __________ from _______________________ through ________________

An OLD theory was SPONTANEOUS GENERATION where ______________________

________________________________________________________________________

THIS DOES NOT HAPPEN!!!!

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Francesco Redi

•1600’s Italian doctor

•In his experiment he showed that _______________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

•See pages 36 in your book for more info on his experiment (take some notes here)

Louis Pasteur

•1800’s French chemist

•He demonstrated that bacteria _________________________________________________

•See page 37 in your book for more on his experiment (take some notes here)

Needs of Living Things

•Need:

1. _____________________

2. _____________________

•______________________________ make their own food (plants)

•______________________________ obtain energy by feeding on others (us)

3. _____________________

•Everyone needs a place to live

4. _____________________ (We also call this: ________________________)

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Homeostasis

•The ability to keep the conditions ____________________________________ or the same

even when __________________ in their _________________________________________

•For example: What type of clothes do you wear in the summer versus the middle of winter?

Section 2: Classifying Organisms, Pages 42 - 49

Classification

•The process of __________________________________________________________

•Used to __________________ living things into __________ so that they are easier to study

•Taxonomy = _______________________________________________________________

Binomial Nomenclature

•The _____________________________________________ of classifying organisms

•____________________________ created this system in the 1750’s and it is still used today

Scientific Name

•Made up of an organism’s _____________________________________

•For example:

–Humans are ________________________________

–House cats are Felis _______________________

–Pumas are Felis _______________________

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Levels of Classification

There are 8 levels of classification

1. _______________________

2. _______________________

3. _______________________

4. _______________________

5. _______________________

6. _______________________

7. _______________________

8. _______________________

How can I remember all the levels?

1. _______________________

2. _______________________

3. _______________________

4. _______________________

5. _______________________

6. _______________________

7. _______________________

8. _______________________

Domains

•Today we use a three-domain system of classification

•1. ______________________________

•2. ______________________________

•3. ______________________________

Domain Bacteria

•Prokaryotes – organisms whose cells ________________________ (control center of a cell)

•_________________________________

Domain Archaea

•Unicellular ______________________________

•They live in _______________ _______________ conditions

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Domain Eukarya

•Eukaryotes = organisms with cells that ______________________________

•Classified into four Kingdoms

•1. ______________________________

•2. ______________________________

•3. ______________________________

•4. ______________________________

Section 3: Cells, Pages 50 -57

Cells

•The _____________________________________________________________________

•Cells form the parts of an _____________________ and carry out all of the _____________

_____________________

First Observations of Cells

•Cells _____________ be observed without the use of ________________

•Microscope = ___________________________________________

–A ________________ microscope has only __________________________

–A ________________________________ has more than one lens

Robert Hooke

•One of the first people ever to _________________________________

•Observed cork and noticed that it had many “_____________________” or _____________

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Anton van Leeuwenhoek

•Used a _____________________to observe lake water, scrapings from teeth, and rain water

•Viewed _______________________________________________

Cell Theory

•A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things

•1. _______________________________________________________________________

•2. ______________________________________________________________________

•3. _______________________________________________________________________

Light and Electron Microscopes

•The _____________ in light microscopes magnify an object by ______________

______________ that passes through them

Compound Microscopes

•Uses more than one lens

•Can magnify objects _____________________________________________

•Total Magnification = ________________________* ________________________

Electron Microscopes

•Use a ________________________________ instead of ____________________ to

produce a magnified image

•Very advanced and very expensive

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Section 4: Looking Inside Cells, Pages 60 - 67

Cells

•_________________________________________________________________________

•Made up of ________________________________

–Organelles are _______________________ that carry out _____________________

Cell Organelles (take a look at the cell comparison sheet)

•Cell Wall = ________________________________________________________________

–Helps to ________________ and ________________ the cell

•Cell Membrane = ___________________________________________________________

–Found in both ________________ and ________________

•Nucleus = _________________________________________________________________

•Made up of:

–Nuclear Envelope = ________________________________________

–Chromatin = ________________________________________

–Nucleolus = ________________________________________

•Cytoplasm = _______________________________________________________

•Mitochondria = _____________________________________________________________

•Endoplasmic Reticulum = ____________________________________________________

•Ribosomes = _________________________________________

•Golgi Bodies = _____________________________________________________________

•Chloroplasts = Found only in _________. ________________________________________

•Vacuoles = _________________________________

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•Lysosomes = _________________________________________________

Specialized Cells

•Cells = ___________________________________________

•Tissues = ___________________________________________

•Organs = ___________________________________________

•Organ systems = ____________________________________________________________

•Organisms = ___________________________________________

____________ ___________ ____________ ____________ ____________