Download - 7th Grade Chapter 2
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Chapter 2 Name: ___________________________Period: ______
Section 1: What is Life? Pages 34 - 40
Characteristics of Living Things
All living things have ______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Cellular organization
Cells are the _____________________________________________________
They are so ______________ that you need a ____________________ to see them.
–Unicellular organism = ________________________________ (ex: ________________)
–Multicellular organism= composed of _____________________ that are specialized to do
_______________________
Chemicals of Life
Most abundant chemical in living things is ____________________
Other chemicals include:
–_____________________________________ (cell’s energy source)
–_____________________________________ (building materials of cells)
–_____________________________________ (cell’s genetic material)
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Energy Use
Living organisms need ___________________________________
Example: your brain cells are at work as you read and write… they need energy do to this
Respond to Surroundings
Stimulus = _______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
a. Examples: _________________________________________________
Response = ______________________________________________________________
a. Example: ____________________________________
Growth and Development
Growth = ________________________________________________________
Development = ___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Reproduction
________________________________________________________________________
Life Comes From Life
Living things __________ from _______________________ through ________________
An OLD theory was SPONTANEOUS GENERATION where ______________________
________________________________________________________________________
THIS DOES NOT HAPPEN!!!!
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Francesco Redi
•1600’s Italian doctor
•In his experiment he showed that _______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
•See pages 36 in your book for more info on his experiment (take some notes here)
Louis Pasteur
•1800’s French chemist
•He demonstrated that bacteria _________________________________________________
•See page 37 in your book for more on his experiment (take some notes here)
Needs of Living Things
•Need:
1. _____________________
2. _____________________
•______________________________ make their own food (plants)
•______________________________ obtain energy by feeding on others (us)
3. _____________________
•Everyone needs a place to live
4. _____________________ (We also call this: ________________________)
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Homeostasis
•The ability to keep the conditions ____________________________________ or the same
even when __________________ in their _________________________________________
•For example: What type of clothes do you wear in the summer versus the middle of winter?
Section 2: Classifying Organisms, Pages 42 - 49
Classification
•The process of __________________________________________________________
•Used to __________________ living things into __________ so that they are easier to study
•Taxonomy = _______________________________________________________________
Binomial Nomenclature
•The _____________________________________________ of classifying organisms
•____________________________ created this system in the 1750’s and it is still used today
Scientific Name
•Made up of an organism’s _____________________________________
•For example:
–Humans are ________________________________
–House cats are Felis _______________________
–Pumas are Felis _______________________
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Levels of Classification
There are 8 levels of classification
1. _______________________
2. _______________________
3. _______________________
4. _______________________
5. _______________________
6. _______________________
7. _______________________
8. _______________________
How can I remember all the levels?
1. _______________________
2. _______________________
3. _______________________
4. _______________________
5. _______________________
6. _______________________
7. _______________________
8. _______________________
Domains
•Today we use a three-domain system of classification
•1. ______________________________
•2. ______________________________
•3. ______________________________
Domain Bacteria
•Prokaryotes – organisms whose cells ________________________ (control center of a cell)
•_________________________________
Domain Archaea
•Unicellular ______________________________
•They live in _______________ _______________ conditions
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Domain Eukarya
•Eukaryotes = organisms with cells that ______________________________
•Classified into four Kingdoms
•1. ______________________________
•2. ______________________________
•3. ______________________________
•4. ______________________________
Section 3: Cells, Pages 50 -57
Cells
•The _____________________________________________________________________
•Cells form the parts of an _____________________ and carry out all of the _____________
_____________________
First Observations of Cells
•Cells _____________ be observed without the use of ________________
•Microscope = ___________________________________________
–A ________________ microscope has only __________________________
–A ________________________________ has more than one lens
Robert Hooke
•One of the first people ever to _________________________________
•Observed cork and noticed that it had many “_____________________” or _____________
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek
•Used a _____________________to observe lake water, scrapings from teeth, and rain water
•Viewed _______________________________________________
Cell Theory
•A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things
•1. _______________________________________________________________________
•2. ______________________________________________________________________
•3. _______________________________________________________________________
Light and Electron Microscopes
•The _____________ in light microscopes magnify an object by ______________
______________ that passes through them
Compound Microscopes
•Uses more than one lens
•Can magnify objects _____________________________________________
•Total Magnification = ________________________* ________________________
Electron Microscopes
•Use a ________________________________ instead of ____________________ to
produce a magnified image
•Very advanced and very expensive
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Section 4: Looking Inside Cells, Pages 60 - 67
Cells
•_________________________________________________________________________
•Made up of ________________________________
–Organelles are _______________________ that carry out _____________________
Cell Organelles (take a look at the cell comparison sheet)
•Cell Wall = ________________________________________________________________
–Helps to ________________ and ________________ the cell
•Cell Membrane = ___________________________________________________________
–Found in both ________________ and ________________
•Nucleus = _________________________________________________________________
•Made up of:
–Nuclear Envelope = ________________________________________
–Chromatin = ________________________________________
–Nucleolus = ________________________________________
•Cytoplasm = _______________________________________________________
•Mitochondria = _____________________________________________________________
•Endoplasmic Reticulum = ____________________________________________________
•Ribosomes = _________________________________________
•Golgi Bodies = _____________________________________________________________
•Chloroplasts = Found only in _________. ________________________________________
•Vacuoles = _________________________________
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•Lysosomes = _________________________________________________
Specialized Cells
•Cells = ___________________________________________
•Tissues = ___________________________________________
•Organs = ___________________________________________
•Organ systems = ____________________________________________________________
•Organisms = ___________________________________________
____________ ___________ ____________ ____________ ____________