8 6. structure and function of plant organs

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Chapter 6Structure and

Function of Plant Organs


Plants Organs


RootRoot Structure1. Morphology

Devided 2 types;Monocotyledon such as Corn, Sugarcane,

Coconut, their root type are fibrous root.Dicotyledon such as Mango and Chilies,

their root type are tap root.Root can find the water in the soil, with

the protector named Calyptras.


Fibrous root Tap root


2. AnatomyRoot divided into 3 parts ;

a. Region of Maturation

b. Region of Elongation

c. Apical Meristem


Parts of the Root

•Epidermis •Cortex•Endodermis•Stele


Function of RootThe main function is to absorb water and

minerals which is dissolved inside from the soil

To straighten the plantAs the food storage in certain plants such as:

Cassava, CarrotsAs vegetative reproduction organ, ex. spruceAs respiration organ in Mangrove


Stem• Stem was from a

part of embryo in the seed.

• Commonly, stem are heading up from the soil to the air.

• As long as their growth period.


Structure of Stem1. Morphology• Hard• In young stem, there

are some clorophile so they can do the photosynthesis

• There are some small dots in certain parts of stem, called Lenticels

• Monocotyledon and Dicotyl difference in branching of the stem


Dicotyl stem Monocotyl stem


2. AnatomyHave similarities with root ;

EpidermisCortexEndodermisStele


Factors of Differentiation

Dicotyl Stem

Monocotyl Stem

Place of the Veins

In Order Spread

Cambium There is for secondary growing

No


Function of Stem

• As the way to deliver water, mineral, and photosynthesis results

• As the place to attach the leaves

• As respiration system in Lenticels

• To direct the leaves to light source such as Phototropic activity


• In certain plants stem used for a special purpose such as:

As the food storage such as Sagoo, Sugarcane

As water storage such as Cactus

As reproduction system such as Tapioca Tree


Leaves

• Leaves was from a part of embryo in the seed which is cotyledon

• The green color came from the chlorophyll


Structure of Leaves1. Morphology• Consist of leaf midrib,

petiole, leaf blade• A complete leaf can be

founded in areca nut leaves• There are so many forms of

leaves• Circular• Oval• Shield-Shaped• Ribbon-Shaped


Anatomy of Leaves• Cuticle Layer• Upper

epidermis• Mesophyll• Vascular

bundles• Lower

epidermis


Leaf in Photosynthesis Activity• Usually the water was

extracted through 2 ways:• Vaporization through

process of transpiration• Water molecules through

process of • Transpiration through

stomata• Stomata came from Greek

language meaning mouth, stomata is the plural version of stoma


About Stomata• Usually Stomata was placed

in epidermis layer of leaf wherever lower or upper layer

• Stoma consist 2 closing cells/ guarding cells/ cell protector shape like liver and had many chlorophyll

• There are little amount of closing cells than the total of epidermis cells in the layer


Function of Leaf• As we know, leaf act

as the place for the Photosynthesis

• The chlorophyll in the leaf was one of the required component for the process of Photosynthesis

• Also as Transpiration and Respiration


Transpiration• The vaporization of the water

through stomata, cuticle layer, and lenticels

• The truth is, transpiration happen in all parts of the plant, but the biggest transpiration process is in leaf

• Why in leaf? Because leaves layer are the widest surface between the others

• Transpiration in day times are much more through stomata

• In night, through cuticle


Flower• Flower is a

reproduction organ in the plants generatively in Angiosperm plants

• In Gymnosperm plants, it called strobilus


Fruits

Parts of Fruit Epicarp as the outer

layer of fruit Mesocarp as middle

layer which is thick part of fruit

Endocarp the inner layer of fruit

Seed as the core of the fruit


Types of Fruit

• ‘Real Fruit’ such as Papaya, mango, and durian.

• ‘Artificial Fruit’ such as Jackfruit, apple, and pineapples.

• ‘Simple Fruit’ such as tomato and soya bean.

• ‘Double Fruit’ such as Strawberries.

• ‘Compound Fruit’ such as Pineapples.


Function of Fruit

• As the food storage• To radiate the plants• To attract the bird to eat them along the hard

seed• Then bird’s feces made a new individual seed• Then the seed grow as a new plant


Seed• Part of the plant made

from the results of fertilization

• Which is placed in the ovaries

• In the ovaries, there are ovules

• In the ovules.. There are also the embryo as the candidate of new individual plant


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8 6. structure and function of plant organs

Education

biology teacher of gis

biology teacher ofgis

function of leaf

function of stem

leaf actas

complete leaf

leaf midrib

certain parts of stem