8 architecture and energy

8/8/2019 8 Architecture and Energy

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Chapter01

C h a p t er 0 3

C h a p t e r 0

4 C h a p t e r 0 5

C h a p t e r 0 6

C h a p t e r 0 7

C h a p

t e r 0 8 C h a p

t e r 0 2

Architecture and Energy: 3 ‘ S Feng Shui Housing

Sustainability

Society

Surrounding

Master Student: Liu, Ko-cheng

Advisor01: Prof. Daniel Dendra

Advisor02: Prof. Thomas Auer



Feng Shui has been existing or thousands o years and still plays a pivot role in Asia due

to the great infuences o human beings. It is related to the very sensible notion that living

with nature in order to benet humans and the environment. However, most o the roles

o Feng Shui are still mysterious and people still don’t know how it works properly. Espe-

cially, or some people, it seems to be regarded as some kinds o superstition. What’smore, Feng Shui is also highly associated with architectural eld and this oers me a great

opportunity to unveil the myth o Feng Shui. According to the notion o Feng Shui, it is

about the sustainability, but this is still a question mark o how they are connected

between each other. Thereore, in my design thesis, I would use the computational pro-

grams and prove Feng Shui can work eciently in terms o sustainable architecture,

besides the investigation o Feng Shui principles. As a result, the nal goal is to design a

sustainable housing based on the logic o Feng Shui and have a better and comortable

living style or people in the uture.

Introduction

Society

PoliticsHistory

Environment

Feng Shui

Feng Shui = Sustainability

Eastern

Architecture

Feng Shui is related to the very sensible notion that

living with rather than against nature benets

humans and their environment.

?



Contents

Chapter 01 : How does Feng Shui infuence the world?

Chapter 02 : Introduction o Feng Shui

Chapter 03 : Living Situation in Taiwan

Chapter 04 : Survey _ Single Person

Chapter 05 : Demonstration

Chapter 06 : Feng Shui _ Architectural Design

Chapter 07 : Feng Shui _ Architectural Drawing

Chapter 08 : Feng Shui _ Conclusion

Research rom the google result 02

Introduction o Feng Shui History 05

05

Explanation o Feng Shui Principles 07

Research o housing distribution and styles 11

The changes o amily members over 100 years 13

Questionaire or single persons in Taiwan 17

Highlight o traditonal Feng Shui Pattern 21

Urban Pattern generation 23

Environmental Analysis 25

Analysis o Sustainability 27

Architectural Feng Shui design or urban pattern 35

Urban drawing and perspective 45

Rendering with perspective 49

Ideology: Feng Shui as design criteria 03

15

19

33

43

47

09

01



Chapter 01

In this chapter, I would mainly introduce the impacts o Feng

Shui on the world and look at the potential o it. First o all, I pick

up top 10 populations o the countries in the world to see the

distribution and percentages o the overall statistics. Most

importantly, I start to google the keyword “Feng Shui” on the

internet among these 10 countries and calculate how many

results it shows. Moreover, I specifcally choose another 2

brands which are greatly amous, McDonald’s and Coca Cola as

my reerences and then rank these 3 results based on the same

conditions. Lastly, ater the comparison, this helps us to under-stand that Feng Shui actually has also hightly inuences on the

earth.

01

Top 10 population in the world

How does Feng Shui infuence the world?“Feng Shui” in the internet

Google Results



02

1 b i l l i on+

5 0 mi l l i on+

2 5 mi l l i on+

1 mi l l i on+

<1 mi l l i on

1 0 0 mi l l i on+

1 0 mi l l i on+

P o p ul a t i on

1 . 9 % of w or

l d p o p ul a t i on

2 .1 % of w or l d p o p ul a t i on

2 . 8 % of w or l d p o p ul a t i on

3 1 2 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s

4 5 1 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s


3 7 4 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s

6 5 4 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s


7 1 3 , 0 0 0 R

e s ul t s

2 , 6 3 0 , 0 0 0

R e s ul t s

1 7 . 5 % of w or l d p o p ul a

t i on

2 ,1 5 0 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s

6 , 0 9 0 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s


1

,1 3 0 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s

2

,2 5 0 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s


4 3 2 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s

7 5 8 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s

4 . 5 % of w or l d p o p

ul a t i on

7 , 8 8 0 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s

9 , 0 6 0 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s

3 ,4 1 0 , 0

0 0 R e s ul t s

2 , 8 4 0 , 0

0 0 R e s ul t s

1 9 . 8 % of w or l d p o p ul a t i on

1 0 , 3 2 6 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s

3 , 3 3 0 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s

3 4 4 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s

2 , 5 8 3 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s

6 3 1 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s

2 8 ,1 0 0 , 0 0 0 R e s u

l t s

1 , 0 4 0 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s

1 , 9 3 0 , 0 0 0

R e s ul t s

9 7 9 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s

5 1 9 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s

1 , 9 8 0 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s

2 ,1 0 0 , 0

0 0 R e s ul t s

3 3 4 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s

3 4 1 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s

1 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s

1 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s



There have been a l ot o architectural books existing among all the countries.

For example, in Europe, “Architect’s Data”, edited by Neuert has great impacts

and it has been a well-accepted criteria that designers use it a lot. What’s more,

in U SA, “A p attern Language” i s also h ighly taken into c onsideration and

regarded as an important book or architects. However, in Asia, there is still not

a quite amous a rchitectural book t hat people can agree with. Based o n the

previous research, as ar as I consider, I would start to take Feng Shui as design

well-known. Hopeully, the design book based on Feng Shui can also become

“Architect’s Data” that people all over the world can use it and design sustain-

able architecture.

04

How do Architectural Languages change the world?



05

Feng Shui was mainly adopted into public construction.

Feng Shui helped choose the location of site.

Feudal Society

Public Construction Housing

Fc

4000 B.C. 1660 A.C.

Chapter 02

Introduction of Feng Shui History



06

l Society, but housing can beucted based o n Feng Shui

Baroque Style

Colonization Period

Restoration

Revolution of housing style

Feng Shui

Environment

Society

1895 A.C. 1945 A.C. 1980 A.C. 2009 A.C. Future

?



07

Introduction of Feng Shui Principles

South Facing Orientation

Yang

Yang is described as-

nal, active, strong andascending

Living Room

Kitchen

Courtyard

Bed Room

Storage

The front entrance should not

face the upstairs stairway

Less than 20 m2 of bed room is

good condition according to

feng shui.

Avoid having the direct

view of window when

entering the bed room

The front door should nothave a view of the back door

Avoid building at the junction of

a T-street or at the end of a

cul-de-sac because these

locations are on the receiving

Bed Room

Bed Room

< 20 m2

Chi (Positive Energy) Sha (Negative Energy)

Feng Shui Perspective



Noise

Pollution

NoisePollution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Feng Shui PerspectiveSolution

Feng Shui PerspectiveSolution

Air would go straight

weaks the ventilation

Avoid having large-scaled

windows and balcony in

bed room

Heat



08

YinYin energy is described

as watery, cool, dark,night, internal, peaceful,gentle and descending

Mountain

Best Site

River

Avoid having a straight road

leading directly to the home,

with people coming and

going it will dissipate the

Water is very important and its

positioning is vital to improving

Chi and confounding Sha

Peaceful and help

people calm down

The skylight helps improvethe ventilation and increase

the amount of daylight.

Due to the unequal height, the

left side in terms of sun projec-

tion.

Due to the triangle

geometry, the next

building might get

too much negitaveenergy.

Help cool down

the temperature

Courtyard or skylight is good for

getting positive energy with

symmetrical geometry.

The best site for

house is surroundedby mountains and

confront the river.

To have the right side low

and the left side high are

both unlucky

Left

Right

Courtyard Skylight

Houses or buildings on triangular plots

of land will bring bad luck because the

strange shape attracts Sha

r

dedan

er.

ryWater is v

positi

site f

urrounntain

the ri

Noise

Pollution







Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

SouthLeft

Right

Mountain

River

Stop the freezing wind in winter

Bring cool wind in summer



09

Chapter 03



10

Beore going t hrough t he design content, i t is helpul and

important to have a broadly understanding o living situation

examples o housing styles in Taiwan, but the living situation

over 100 years. What’s more, I especially highlight the local and

national events during these 10 decades to see i these events

have crucial impacts on the housing involvement. Most o all,

has occupied a large amount o percentages among the overall

demographics and t he numbers is still a rising. Thereore,

-

nity to explore deeply on this group and then go on to the next

step to understand their basic needs and interests.

Living Situation in Taiwan



11Scale

A

B

DE

C

Worship

Main

Traditional House

MainA

B

Style01

MainA

B

C

Style02

Balcony

Kitchen

Storage

Garage

Bed Room

Toilet

Living Room

dining Room

0 3 6 9m

Village

TraditionalHouse

TownHouse

Apartment Tower

Town City

Taipei City

K a o h s i u n g T o w n

Taitung Village

1st Floor 2nd Floor 3rdFloor 4thFloor

MainMain A B C Town House

Apartment Tower

Majority of housing typologies

Common hosing styles

Housing Typology

Housing Distribution



12

2 0 0 9

2 0 0 9

1 9 8 0

1

1 9 0 5

1 9 0 5

1 9 7 3

2

0 0 6

U.S Dollars $

Oi l

P r i c e S t a t i s t i c

Oi l C

on s um p t i on ,T a i w a n

Thousand Barrels / day

Oi l P

r i c e ,A nn u a l S t a t i s t i c

2 0 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

1 0 0

1 2 0

2 0 0

4 0 0

6 0 0

8 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 2 0 0 3

2 m2

3 6 m

2

2 5 m2

A v e

r a g e S q u a r em e t er s

p er p er s onf or h o u s

i n g

i nT a i p ei C i t y



14

2,000452

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

person/km2

79

Golden Period for Economic Development

25% of population is single

17957

Oil Crisis

Four Asian Tigers

1960

Industrial Propersity

Taiwan Quit United Nations

1974

1973

Ten Major Construction Projects

busier and Frank Lloyd Wright etc.

21

23

18

15

12 M i l l i o n P e o p l e

1971 1980 1990 2000 200956

Total Population

19801979 1988 1997 2007

Iran–Iraq

War

Energy

Crisis

Energy

Crisis

Asian

Financial Crisis Financial CrisisSubprime mortgage crisis

Electronic

Engineering

33% of population is single

Promotion of Green Architecture

Million People



15

Chapter 04



16

According to previous research over 100 years, I pick up single

person as my potential group, and want to have urther study o

them. Hence, I make a series o questionnaires or 150 single

persons and make a basic statistics in the end to see the distri-

bution o each result. Especially, Feng Shui design, as a result, is

also a n important issue or this t arget g roup. Overall, a ll t he

results in this survey would be one o my main design ounda-

tions and help develop the project during the process.

Survey_Single Person



17

S i n gl eP e

r s on s

Wh a t ’ s y o ur h o b b y a t h om e ?

I f m ar r i e d ,h owm an y

m em b er s d o y o uw an t i n y o

ur f ami l y ?

A B C D E F G H I J

I n t er n e t S ur f n g

T V W a t c h i n g

R e a d i n g

C om . G a m eP l a y i n g

P e t R a i s i n g

H o u s eP a r t y

H a n d i c r a t

B o d y E x er c i s e

C o ok i n g

O t h er s

I f y o uw an t t o b u y ah o u

s e ,wh a t k i n d of f un c t i on s a

r en e c e s s ar y t o y o u ?

0 1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

8 0

9 0

1 1 0

1 2 0

1 3 0

1 4 0

1 5 0

1 0 0

A

A B

B

C

C

D

D

E

E

F

F

G

G

H

H

I

I

J

J

K

K

L

M

N

P

0 1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

8 0

9 0

1 1 0

1 2 0

1 3 0

1 4 0

1 5 0

1 0 0

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

L

L i vi n

gR o om

K i t c h

en

F en g S h ui D e s i gn

B a l c on y

G a r a

g e

D i nn

i n gR o om

R e a d

i n gR o om

H i gh

C l a s s i c B a t h r o om

W or k i n gR o om

R e c r e a t i on a l R o om

C om

m onR o om

M

E x h i b i t i onR o om

N

P r a c t i n gR o om

O

O t h e

r s

G a r d

en

4 m em b er s of f ami l ymi gh t b e t h e t r en d i

n t h ef u t ur e

4 9 . 6 6 %

1 6 .1 1 %

1 4 .7 7 %

1 1 .4 1 %

8 . 9 1 %

1 . 9 8 %

o t h er s

F ami l yM em b er s

N e e d s

A c t i vi t y

Survey_Single PersonQuestionaires or 150 single person



18

G en d er

P er s on

8 2

+

=

6 8

1 5 0

D o y o uw an t t oh av e y o ur ownh o u s e ?

D o y o uw an t t oh av em ar r

i a g e ?

Wh a t ’ s y o ur pr

of e s s i on ?

Wh a t

k i n d of b ui l d i n g d o y o uw an

t t ol i v em o s t ?

A v er a g eA g e : 2 6 . 9 5

9 3 .1 4 %

Y e s

N o

N o

N o

7 7 . 8 5 %

Y e s

7 9 . 8 7 %

Y e s

A r e y o u s t i l l l i vi n gwi t h y o ur p

ar en t s ?

N o

5 0 %

Y e s

E n gi n e er i n g

E d u c a t i on

T ownH o u s e

A p a r t m en t

T ow er

A d mi ni s t r a t i on

F i n a n c e

U n en pl o y m e

n t

S a l e s

D o c t o

r ,L a w y er e t c .

S i n gl eA p a r t m en t

O t h er s

T h er ei s a s u s t ai n a b l e b ui l d

i n gwh i c h c o s t m or e

t h an b u yi n g an or m al on e ,

b u t t h i s c anh el p y o u

s av em an y en er g y c o s t s i n t h ef u t ur e . D o y o u

s t i l l w an t t o b u y t h i s s u s t ai n a b l eh o u s i n g ?

3 3 . 3 3 %

1 4 %

4 2 .2 8 %

2 7 . 5 2 %

2 4 .1 6 %

4 .7 %

1 . 3 4 %

1 1 . 3 3 %

1 0 . 6 7 %

6 %

5 . 8 8 % 5

. 8 8 %

P r of e s s i on

B a s i c S ur v e y

S u s t ai n a b i l i t y & b ui l d i n g t y p ol o g y



19

Chapter 05



20

According to previous research over 100 years, I pick up single

person as my potential group, and want to have urther study o

them. Hence, I make a series o questionnaires or 150 single

persons and make a basic statistics in the end to see the distri-

bution o each result. Especially, Feng Shui design, as a result, is

also a n important issue or this t arget g roup. Overall, a ll t he

results in this survey would be one o my main design ounda-

tions and help develop the project during the process.

Demonstration



21

Demonstration



22



23

Urban01 Urban02 Urban03 Urban0

Housing Block

Master Plan

Housing Bl

Master Pl

Inrastructure Inrastruct

Building Blocks: 52

Bulk Converage Ratio: 1

8 m x 8 m

At least 5 m

Building Blocks: 5

Bulk Converage Rat

8 m x 8 m

At least 5 m

Worst Feng Shui

S o u t h F a c i n g

S h a r p E d g

e

Housing Block

Master Plan

Inrastructure

Building Blocks: 52


8 m x 8 m

At least 5 m

Inrastructure

Housing Block

Master Plan

Building Blocks: 52


8 m x 8 m

At least 5 m

Housing Feng Shui_



24

Housing Block

Master Plan

Inrastructure

Building Blocks: 52


8 m x 8 m

At least 5 m

Urban05 Urban06 Urban07

k Housing Block

Master Plan

Inrastructure

Building Blocks: 52


8 m x 8 m

At least 5 m

Best Feng Shui

Housing Block

Master Plan

Inrastructure

Building Blocks: 52


8 m x 8 m

At least 5 m

Urban Planning_



25

A i r F l o w S i m u l a t i o n

S u

n E x p o s u r e ( U n i t : W h )

D a y l i g h t F a c t o r ( U n i t : L u x )

C o n t o u r s o V e l o c i t y M a g n i t u d e ( m / s )

H i g h e s t

Velocity

L o w e s t

Environment

Urban01 Urban02 Urban03 Ur

Average Value: 63095 Wh

Average Value: 5713 Lux





Average Val

Average Val

L o w e s t

H i g h e s t

L

o w e s t

H i g h e s t

10

5

9

9

764

4

4

45%

Ex: Urban01

Mark = 4 x 50 % + 9 x 25% + 4 x 25% =5.3

Best



26

04 Urban05 Urban06 Urban07

8094 Wh

557 Lux







10

10

5

5

9

8

8

6

6

50%

25%

25%

Best

Best



27

i n f u i e n c i a l D e p t h

H i g h e s t

Index

L o w e

s t

Society

S p a c e S y n t a x ( D e p t h )

10

9

9

64

4

45%

Ex: Urban02

Mark = 6 x 50 % + 10 x 50% = 8

141.4m217.7m 163.4m

Best

Comple

Distance ro

A A A

B B B B

.

Urban01 Urban02 Urban03 U



28

10

7

8

8

7

5

5

6

50%

50%

199.3m 199.5m200m9.8m. .

Best

y o Street

A point to B point

A A A A

B B B

an04 Urban05 Urban06 Urban07



29

Urban01 Urban02 Urban03 Urb

Economic

A = Total Area

V = Total Volume

AV

= =8622

299520.4

AV

= =12672

299520.53

AV

= =9216

299520.42

AV

=109

29

10 95

10%

Best



31

Urban01 Urban02 Urban03Sustainability

Enviornment

45%

Society

45%

Economic

10%Average

Mark

5.0

4.7 7.5 8.09.0

5.3

4.0 8.0 9.0

6.5 7.0

10.0

Ex: Urban01

5.3 x 45% + 4.0 x 45% + 5.0 x 10% = 4.7

Urban01

Feng Shui _ H



32

Urban04 Urban05 Urban06 Urban07

8.16.6 6.1 6.26.07.0 8.0 4.0

5.5 6.0 6.0

7.5 8.5 8.6

8.5

6.0

Urban07

using Typology



33

Chapter 06



34

Ater a series o urban analysis according to 3 dierent perspec-

tives, environment, society and economic all o which are

related to the ideology o sustainability, apparently, we can see

that the principles o Feng Shui is actually helping improve the

urban design. Concerning with these advantages, I take 2 o

those patterns, best result and worst result to go onto next

stage, changing the housing typologies by Feng Shui architec-

tural rules and then test it again to see i it works much better

than the original one. In this way, I can actually prove that Feng

Shui can increase the possibilities o sustainability with urban

and architectural design.

Feng Shui_Architectural Design



35

Center

OrientationElements

Fame

Children

Creativity

Friends Knowledge

Family

WealthRelationships

Career

Center

1/3

1/3

1/3

1/3 1/3 1/3Social Value

Housing T



36

Inner Courtyard

Outer Courtyard

Outer Courtyard

pology



35

Urban07

Housing Block

Master Plan

Inrastructure

Building Blocks: 52

Bulk Converage Ratio: 164 m2

At least 5 m

Urban Analysis Architectural

Analysis





Air Flow SimulationAir Flow Simulation

Sun Exposure Sun Exposure

Daylight Daylight



Urban07_rev01

Building Blocks: 52

Bulk Converage Ratio: 164 m2

At least 5 m

Urban Analysis

Average Value: 12452 WhAverage Value: 47779 Wh


Architectural Design

Architectural

Analysis


Inrastructure Air Flow SimulationAir Flow Simulation

Housing Block Sun Exposure Sun Exposure

Master Plan Daylight Daylight

36



37


Analysis



Air Flow Simulation

Sun Exposure

Daylight

Air Flow Simulation

Sun Exposure

Daylight

Urban01

Housing Block

Master Plan

Inrastructure

Building Blocks: 52


64 m2

At least 5 m





38

Architectural Design




Analysis

Air Flow Simulation

Sun Exposure

Daylight

Air Flow Simulation

Sun Exposure

Daylight

Urban01_rev01

Housing Block

Master Plan

Inrastructure

Building Blocks: 52


64 m2

At least 5 m





39

Center

Center

Inner Courtyard

Housing Connections



40

nter

Center

Centernter

Outer Courtyard



41

Building Typology

Inrustrature

Final Urban Pattern



42



Final Urban Pattern

10

10

4

AV

= =19032

299520.64

4

A

B

197.4 M

10

8

8.3

Environment

Society

Economic

Average Mark



43

Chapter 07



44

During the comparison o these two patterns, both o them

have their own advantages, and I specifcally choose urban

pattern02 as my fnal result to start architectural drawing. On

one hand, the architecture has keeping involving and the grid

street has less potential to develop compared to the other one.

What’s more, the varies o urban pattern02 oers more oppor-

tunities to create and design the architecture. Thereore, I

decide to take one o the houses rom this pattern and put more

architectural drawing into it.

Feng Shui_Architectural Drawing



45

Hous

Ground Floor

Scale: 1:100

1

11

2

2

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

6

6

6

7

7

8

5

5

5

1. Aisle

2. Living Room

3. Stairs

4. Kitchen

5. Dining Room

6. W.C.

7. Inner Courtyard

8. Outer Courtyard

Master Plan

Scale: 1:500

N



46

g Feng Shui Architecture_ _

9

9

9

10

10

10

11

11

11

12

12

12

13

13

13

9. Master Bed Room

10. Bed Room

11. Shower Room

12. Storage Room

13. Laundry Room

2nd Floor

Scale: 1:100

10

10

10

10

10

10

12

12

14

14

14

15

15

15

14. Study Room

15. Balcony

3rd Floor

Scale: 1:100



47

Chapter 08



48

The logic o Feng Shui has been existing or thousands o years

and used broadly to extend the maximum potential o it

because many people believe it can bring more sustainable and

comortable lie; however, because o its mysterious history

without scientifc back up, it is considered as superstition

among some people. By taking this chance, I have some urther

progress and operations methods o how I can use Feng Shui as

design criteria to design a sustainable house with dierent

perspectives in my thesis. During the progress, it’s apparent to

see that Feng Shui actually takes simply rules based on symme-

try system to create space that people can equally use it and

avoid unair events take place, or example, the traditional

courtyard house. In a way, architecture is still involving and will

be changed in the urther, and what I have been thinking is that

Feng Shui is one o the important paths that we architects can

use and transorm it into buildings over the world since this ishighly associated with sustainability that people nowadays

highly concern about it.

Feng Shui_Conclusion



49

8 architecture and energy

Documents