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Chapter01
C h a p t er 0 3
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4 C h a p t e r 0 5
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C h a p
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Architecture and Energy: 3 ‘ S Feng Shui Housing
Sustainability
Society
Surrounding
Master Student: Liu, Ko-cheng
Advisor01: Prof. Daniel Dendra
Advisor02: Prof. Thomas Auer
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Feng Shui has been existing or thousands o years and still plays a pivot role in Asia due
to the great infuences o human beings. It is related to the very sensible notion that living
with nature in order to benet humans and the environment. However, most o the roles
o Feng Shui are still mysterious and people still don’t know how it works properly. Espe-
cially, or some people, it seems to be regarded as some kinds o superstition. What’smore, Feng Shui is also highly associated with architectural eld and this oers me a great
opportunity to unveil the myth o Feng Shui. According to the notion o Feng Shui, it is
about the sustainability, but this is still a question mark o how they are connected
between each other. Thereore, in my design thesis, I would use the computational pro-
grams and prove Feng Shui can work eciently in terms o sustainable architecture,
besides the investigation o Feng Shui principles. As a result, the nal goal is to design a
sustainable housing based on the logic o Feng Shui and have a better and comortable
living style or people in the uture.
Introduction
Society
PoliticsHistory
Environment
Feng Shui
Feng Shui = Sustainability
Eastern
Architecture
Feng Shui is related to the very sensible notion that
living with rather than against nature benets
humans and their environment.
?
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Contents
Chapter 01 : How does Feng Shui infuence the world?
Chapter 02 : Introduction o Feng Shui
Chapter 03 : Living Situation in Taiwan
Chapter 04 : Survey _ Single Person
Chapter 05 : Demonstration
Chapter 06 : Feng Shui _ Architectural Design
Chapter 07 : Feng Shui _ Architectural Drawing
Chapter 08 : Feng Shui _ Conclusion
Research rom the google result 02
Introduction o Feng Shui History 05
05
Explanation o Feng Shui Principles 07
Research o housing distribution and styles 11
The changes o amily members over 100 years 13
Questionaire or single persons in Taiwan 17
Highlight o traditonal Feng Shui Pattern 21
Urban Pattern generation 23
Environmental Analysis 25
Analysis o Sustainability 27
Architectural Feng Shui design or urban pattern 35
Urban drawing and perspective 45
Rendering with perspective 49
Ideology: Feng Shui as design criteria 03
15
19
33
43
47
09
01
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Chapter 01
In this chapter, I would mainly introduce the impacts o Feng
Shui on the world and look at the potential o it. First o all, I pick
up top 10 populations o the countries in the world to see the
distribution and percentages o the overall statistics. Most
importantly, I start to google the keyword “Feng Shui” on the
internet among these 10 countries and calculate how many
results it shows. Moreover, I specifcally choose another 2
brands which are greatly amous, McDonald’s and Coca Cola as
my reerences and then rank these 3 results based on the same
conditions. Lastly, ater the comparison, this helps us to under-stand that Feng Shui actually has also hightly inuences on the
earth.
01
Top 10 population in the world
How does Feng Shui infuence the world?“Feng Shui” in the internet
Google Results
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02
1 b i l l i on+
5 0 mi l l i on+
2 5 mi l l i on+
1 mi l l i on+
<1 mi l l i on
1 0 0 mi l l i on+
1 0 mi l l i on+
P o p ul a t i on
1 . 9 % of w or
l d p o p ul a t i on
2 .1 % of w or l d p o p ul a t i on
2 . 8 % of w or l d p o p ul a t i on
3 1 2 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
4 5 1 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
2 .2 % of w or l d p o p ul a t i on
3 7 4 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
6 5 4 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
2 . 5 % of w or l d p o p ul a t i on
7 1 3 , 0 0 0 R
e s ul t s
2 , 6 3 0 , 0 0 0
R e s ul t s
1 7 . 5 % of w or l d p o p ul a
t i on
2 ,1 5 0 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
6 , 0 9 0 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
3 . 5 % of w or l d p o p ul a t i on
1
,1 3 0 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
2
,2 5 0 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
2 .4 % of w or l d p o p ul a t i on
4 3 2 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
7 5 8 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
4 . 5 % of w or l d p o p
ul a t i on
7 , 8 8 0 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
9 , 0 6 0 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
3 ,4 1 0 , 0
0 0 R e s ul t s
2 , 8 4 0 , 0
0 0 R e s ul t s
1 9 . 8 % of w or l d p o p ul a t i on
1 0 , 3 2 6 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
3 , 3 3 0 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
3 4 4 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
2 , 5 8 3 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
6 3 1 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
2 8 ,1 0 0 , 0 0 0 R e s u
l t s
1 , 0 4 0 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
1 , 9 3 0 , 0 0 0
R e s ul t s
9 7 9 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
5 1 9 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
1 , 9 8 0 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
2 ,1 0 0 , 0
0 0 R e s ul t s
3 3 4 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
3 4 1 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
1 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
1 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 R e s ul t s
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There have been a l ot o architectural books existing among all the countries.
For example, in Europe, “Architect’s Data”, edited by Neuert has great impacts
and it has been a well-accepted criteria that designers use it a lot. What’s more,
in U SA, “A p attern Language” i s also h ighly taken into c onsideration and
regarded as an important book or architects. However, in Asia, there is still not
a quite amous a rchitectural book t hat people can agree with. Based o n the
previous research, as ar as I consider, I would start to take Feng Shui as design
well-known. Hopeully, the design book based on Feng Shui can also become
“Architect’s Data” that people all over the world can use it and design sustain-
able architecture.
04
How do Architectural Languages change the world?
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05
Feng Shui was mainly adopted into public construction.
Feng Shui helped choose the location of site.
Feudal Society
Public Construction Housing
Fc
4000 B.C. 1660 A.C.
Chapter 02
Introduction of Feng Shui History
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06
l Society, but housing can beucted based o n Feng Shui
Baroque Style
Colonization Period
Restoration
Revolution of housing style
Feng Shui
Environment
Society
1895 A.C. 1945 A.C. 1980 A.C. 2009 A.C. Future
?
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07
Introduction of Feng Shui Principles
South Facing Orientation
Yang
Yang is described as-
nal, active, strong andascending
Living Room
Kitchen
Courtyard
Bed Room
Storage
The front entrance should not
face the upstairs stairway
Less than 20 m2 of bed room is
good condition according to
feng shui.
Avoid having the direct
view of window when
entering the bed room
The front door should nothave a view of the back door
Avoid building at the junction of
a T-street or at the end of a
cul-de-sac because these
locations are on the receiving
Bed Room
Bed Room
< 20 m2
Chi (Positive Energy) Sha (Negative Energy)
Feng Shui Perspective
Feng Shui Perspective
Feng Shui Perspective
Noise
Pollution
NoisePollution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Feng Shui PerspectiveSolution
Feng Shui PerspectiveSolution
Air would go straight
weaks the ventilation
Avoid having large-scaled
windows and balcony in
bed room
Heat
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08
YinYin energy is described
as watery, cool, dark,night, internal, peaceful,gentle and descending
Mountain
Best Site
River
Avoid having a straight road
leading directly to the home,
with people coming and
going it will dissipate the
Water is very important and its
positioning is vital to improving
Chi and confounding Sha
Peaceful and help
people calm down
The skylight helps improvethe ventilation and increase
the amount of daylight.
Due to the unequal height, the
left side in terms of sun projec-
tion.
Due to the triangle
geometry, the next
building might get
too much negitaveenergy.
Help cool down
the temperature
Courtyard or skylight is good for
getting positive energy with
symmetrical geometry.
The best site for
house is surroundedby mountains and
confront the river.
To have the right side low
and the left side high are
both unlucky
Left
Right
Courtyard Skylight
Houses or buildings on triangular plots
of land will bring bad luck because the
strange shape attracts Sha
r
dedan
er.
ryWater is v
positi
site f
urrounntain
the ri
Noise
Pollution
Feng Shui Perspective
Feng Shui Perspective
Feng Shui Perspective
Feng Shui Perspective
Feng Shui Perspective
Feng Shui Perspective
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
SouthLeft
Right
Mountain
River
Stop the freezing wind in winter
Bring cool wind in summer
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09
Chapter 03
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10
Beore going t hrough t he design content, i t is helpul and
important to have a broadly understanding o living situation
examples o housing styles in Taiwan, but the living situation
over 100 years. What’s more, I especially highlight the local and
national events during these 10 decades to see i these events
have crucial impacts on the housing involvement. Most o all,
has occupied a large amount o percentages among the overall
demographics and t he numbers is still a rising. Thereore,
-
nity to explore deeply on this group and then go on to the next
step to understand their basic needs and interests.
Living Situation in Taiwan
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11Scale
A
B
DE
C
Worship
Main
Traditional House
MainA
B
Style01
MainA
B
C
Style02
Balcony
Kitchen
Storage
Garage
Bed Room
Toilet
Living Room
dining Room
0 3 6 9m
Village
TraditionalHouse
TownHouse
Apartment Tower
Town City
Taipei City
K a o h s i u n g T o w n
Taitung Village
1st Floor 2nd Floor 3rdFloor 4thFloor
MainMain A B C Town House
Apartment Tower
Majority of housing typologies
Common hosing styles
Housing Typology
Housing Distribution
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2 0 0 9
2 0 0 9
1 9 8 0
1
1 9 0 5
1 9 0 5
1 9 7 3
2
0 0 6
U.S Dollars $
Oi l
P r i c e S t a t i s t i c
Oi l C
on s um p t i on ,T a i w a n
Thousand Barrels / day
Oi l P
r i c e ,A nn u a l S t a t i s t i c
2 0 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
1 2 0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0 3
2 m2
3 6 m
2
2 5 m2
A v e
r a g e S q u a r em e t er s
p er p er s onf or h o u s
i n g
i nT a i p ei C i t y
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14
2,000452
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
person/km2
79
Golden Period for Economic Development
25% of population is single
17957
Oil Crisis
Four Asian Tigers
1960
Industrial Propersity
Taiwan Quit United Nations
1974
1973
Ten Major Construction Projects
busier and Frank Lloyd Wright etc.
21
23
18
15
12 M i l l i o n P e o p l e
1971 1980 1990 2000 200956
Total Population
19801979 1988 1997 2007
Iran–Iraq
War
Energy
Crisis
Energy
Crisis
Asian
Financial Crisis Financial CrisisSubprime mortgage crisis
Electronic
Engineering
33% of population is single
Promotion of Green Architecture
Million People
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Chapter 04
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16
According to previous research over 100 years, I pick up single
person as my potential group, and want to have urther study o
them. Hence, I make a series o questionnaires or 150 single
persons and make a basic statistics in the end to see the distri-
bution o each result. Especially, Feng Shui design, as a result, is
also a n important issue or this t arget g roup. Overall, a ll t he
results in this survey would be one o my main design ounda-
tions and help develop the project during the process.
Survey_Single Person
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S i n gl eP e
r s on s
Wh a t ’ s y o ur h o b b y a t h om e ?
I f m ar r i e d ,h owm an y
m em b er s d o y o uw an t i n y o
ur f ami l y ?
A B C D E F G H I J
I n t er n e t S ur f n g
T V W a t c h i n g
R e a d i n g
C om . G a m eP l a y i n g
P e t R a i s i n g
H o u s eP a r t y
H a n d i c r a t
B o d y E x er c i s e
C o ok i n g
O t h er s
I f y o uw an t t o b u y ah o u
s e ,wh a t k i n d of f un c t i on s a
r en e c e s s ar y t o y o u ?
0 1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
6 0
7 0
8 0
9 0
1 1 0
1 2 0
1 3 0
1 4 0
1 5 0
1 0 0
A
A B
B
C
C
D
D
E
E
F
F
G
G
H
H
I
I
J
J
K
K
L
M
N
P
0 1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
6 0
7 0
8 0
9 0
1 1 0
1 2 0
1 3 0
1 4 0
1 5 0
1 0 0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
L
L i vi n
gR o om
K i t c h
en
F en g S h ui D e s i gn
B a l c on y
G a r a
g e
D i nn
i n gR o om
R e a d
i n gR o om
H i gh
C l a s s i c B a t h r o om
W or k i n gR o om
R e c r e a t i on a l R o om
C om
m onR o om
M
E x h i b i t i onR o om
N
P r a c t i n gR o om
O
O t h e
r s
G a r d
en
4 m em b er s of f ami l ymi gh t b e t h e t r en d i
n t h ef u t ur e
4 9 . 6 6 %
1 6 .1 1 %
1 4 .7 7 %
1 1 .4 1 %
8 . 9 1 %
1 . 9 8 %
o t h er s
F ami l yM em b er s
N e e d s
A c t i vi t y
Survey_Single PersonQuestionaires or 150 single person
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G en d er
P er s on
8 2
+
=
6 8
1 5 0
D o y o uw an t t oh av e y o ur ownh o u s e ?
D o y o uw an t t oh av em ar r
i a g e ?
Wh a t ’ s y o ur pr
of e s s i on ?
Wh a t
k i n d of b ui l d i n g d o y o uw an
t t ol i v em o s t ?
A v er a g eA g e : 2 6 . 9 5
9 3 .1 4 %
Y e s
N o
N o
N o
7 7 . 8 5 %
Y e s
7 9 . 8 7 %
Y e s
A r e y o u s t i l l l i vi n gwi t h y o ur p
ar en t s ?
N o
5 0 %
Y e s
E n gi n e er i n g
E d u c a t i on
T ownH o u s e
A p a r t m en t
T ow er
A d mi ni s t r a t i on
F i n a n c e
U n en pl o y m e
n t
S a l e s
D o c t o
r ,L a w y er e t c .
S i n gl eA p a r t m en t
O t h er s
T h er ei s a s u s t ai n a b l e b ui l d
i n gwh i c h c o s t m or e
t h an b u yi n g an or m al on e ,
b u t t h i s c anh el p y o u
s av em an y en er g y c o s t s i n t h ef u t ur e . D o y o u
s t i l l w an t t o b u y t h i s s u s t ai n a b l eh o u s i n g ?
3 3 . 3 3 %
1 4 %
4 2 .2 8 %
2 7 . 5 2 %
2 4 .1 6 %
4 .7 %
1 . 3 4 %
1 1 . 3 3 %
1 0 . 6 7 %
6 %
5 . 8 8 % 5
. 8 8 %
P r of e s s i on
B a s i c S ur v e y
S u s t ai n a b i l i t y & b ui l d i n g t y p ol o g y
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Chapter 05
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20
According to previous research over 100 years, I pick up single
person as my potential group, and want to have urther study o
them. Hence, I make a series o questionnaires or 150 single
persons and make a basic statistics in the end to see the distri-
bution o each result. Especially, Feng Shui design, as a result, is
also a n important issue or this t arget g roup. Overall, a ll t he
results in this survey would be one o my main design ounda-
tions and help develop the project during the process.
Demonstration
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Demonstration
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Urban01 Urban02 Urban03 Urban0
Housing Block
Master Plan
Housing Bl
Master Pl
Inrastructure Inrastruct
Building Blocks: 52
Bulk Converage Ratio: 1
8 m x 8 m
At least 5 m
Building Blocks: 5
Bulk Converage Rat
8 m x 8 m
At least 5 m
Worst Feng Shui
S o u t h F a c i n g
S h a r p E d g
e
Housing Block
Master Plan
Inrastructure
Building Blocks: 52
Bulk Converage Ratio: 1
8 m x 8 m
At least 5 m
Inrastructure
Housing Block
Master Plan
Building Blocks: 52
Bulk Converage Ratio: 1
8 m x 8 m
At least 5 m
Housing Feng Shui_
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Housing Block
Master Plan
Inrastructure
Building Blocks: 52
Bulk Converage Ratio: 1
8 m x 8 m
At least 5 m
Urban05 Urban06 Urban07
k Housing Block
Master Plan
Inrastructure
Building Blocks: 52
Bulk Converage Ratio: 1
8 m x 8 m
At least 5 m
Best Feng Shui
Housing Block
Master Plan
Inrastructure
Building Blocks: 52
Bulk Converage Ratio: 1
8 m x 8 m
At least 5 m
Urban Planning_
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A i r F l o w S i m u l a t i o n
S u
n E x p o s u r e ( U n i t : W h )
D a y l i g h t F a c t o r ( U n i t : L u x )
C o n t o u r s o V e l o c i t y M a g n i t u d e ( m / s )
H i g h e s t
Velocity
L o w e s t
Environment
Urban01 Urban02 Urban03 Ur
Average Value: 63095 Wh
Average Value: 5713 Lux
Average Value: 55172 Wh
Average Value: 5353 Lux
Average Value: 63877 Wh
Average Value: 5767 Lux
Average Val
Average Val
L o w e s t
H i g h e s t
L
o w e s t
H i g h e s t
10
5
9
9
764
4
4
45%
Ex: Urban01
Mark = 4 x 50 % + 9 x 25% + 4 x 25% =5.3
Best
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04 Urban05 Urban06 Urban07
8094 Wh
557 Lux
Average Value: 58664 Wh
Average Value: 5705 Lux
Average Value: 55449 Wh
Average Value: 5456 Lux
Average Value: 53213 Wh
Average Value: 5417 Lux
10
10
5
5
9
8
8
6
6
50%
25%
25%
Best
Best
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i n f u i e n c i a l D e p t h
H i g h e s t
Index
L o w e
s t
Society
S p a c e S y n t a x ( D e p t h )
10
9
9
64
4
45%
Ex: Urban02
Mark = 6 x 50 % + 10 x 50% = 8
141.4m217.7m 163.4m
Best
Comple
Distance ro
A A A
B B B B
.
Urban01 Urban02 Urban03 U
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10
7
8
8
7
5
5
6
50%
50%
199.3m 199.5m200m9.8m. .
Best
y o Street
A point to B point
A A A A
B B B
an04 Urban05 Urban06 Urban07
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Urban01 Urban02 Urban03 Urb
Economic
A = Total Area
V = Total Volume
AV
= =8622
299520.4
AV
= =12672
299520.53
AV
= =9216
299520.42
AV
=109
29
10 95
10%
Best
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Urban01 Urban02 Urban03Sustainability
Enviornment
45%
Society
45%
Economic
10%Average
Mark
5.0
4.7 7.5 8.09.0
5.3
4.0 8.0 9.0
6.5 7.0
10.0
Ex: Urban01
5.3 x 45% + 4.0 x 45% + 5.0 x 10% = 4.7
Urban01
Feng Shui _ H
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Urban04 Urban05 Urban06 Urban07
8.16.6 6.1 6.26.07.0 8.0 4.0
5.5 6.0 6.0
7.5 8.5 8.6
8.5
6.0
Urban07
using Typology
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Chapter 06
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Ater a series o urban analysis according to 3 dierent perspec-
tives, environment, society and economic all o which are
related to the ideology o sustainability, apparently, we can see
that the principles o Feng Shui is actually helping improve the
urban design. Concerning with these advantages, I take 2 o
those patterns, best result and worst result to go onto next
stage, changing the housing typologies by Feng Shui architec-
tural rules and then test it again to see i it works much better
than the original one. In this way, I can actually prove that Feng
Shui can increase the possibilities o sustainability with urban
and architectural design.
Feng Shui_Architectural Design
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Center
OrientationElements
Fame
Children
Creativity
Friends Knowledge
Family
WealthRelationships
Career
Center
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/3 1/3 1/3Social Value
Housing T
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Inner Courtyard
Outer Courtyard
Outer Courtyard
pology
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Urban07
Housing Block
Master Plan
Inrastructure
Building Blocks: 52
Bulk Converage Ratio: 164 m2
At least 5 m
Urban Analysis Architectural
Analysis
Average Value: 5417 Lux
Average Value: 53213 Wh
Average Value: 370 Lux
Average Value: 12735 Lux
Air Flow SimulationAir Flow Simulation
Sun Exposure Sun Exposure
Daylight Daylight
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Urban07_rev01
Building Blocks: 52
Bulk Converage Ratio: 164 m2
At least 5 m
Urban Analysis
Average Value: 12452 WhAverage Value: 47779 Wh
Average Value: 5243 Lux
Architectural Design
Architectural
Analysis
Average Value: 375 Lux
Inrastructure Air Flow SimulationAir Flow Simulation
Housing Block Sun Exposure Sun Exposure
Master Plan Daylight Daylight
36
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Urban Analysis Architectural
Analysis
Average Value: 12295 Wh
Average Value: 244 Lux
Air Flow Simulation
Sun Exposure
Daylight
Air Flow Simulation
Sun Exposure
Daylight
Urban01
Housing Block
Master Plan
Inrastructure
Building Blocks: 52
Bulk Converage Ratio: 1
64 m2
At least 5 m
Average Value: 55172 Wh
Average Value: 5353 Lux
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Architectural Design
Average Value: 284 Lux
Average Value: 12185 Lux
Urban Analysis Architectural
Analysis
Air Flow Simulation
Sun Exposure
Daylight
Air Flow Simulation
Sun Exposure
Daylight
Urban01_rev01
Housing Block
Master Plan
Inrastructure
Building Blocks: 52
Bulk Converage Ratio: 1
64 m2
At least 5 m
Average Value: 48177 Wh
Average Value: 5290 Lux
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Center
Center
Inner Courtyard
Housing Connections
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nter
Center
Centernter
Outer Courtyard
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Building Typology
Inrustrature
Final Urban Pattern
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Average Value: 48177 Wh
Average Value: 5290 Lux
Final Urban Pattern
10
10
4
AV
= =19032
299520.64
4
A
B
197.4 M
10
8
8.3
Environment
Society
Economic
Average Mark
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Chapter 07
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During the comparison o these two patterns, both o them
have their own advantages, and I specifcally choose urban
pattern02 as my fnal result to start architectural drawing. On
one hand, the architecture has keeping involving and the grid
street has less potential to develop compared to the other one.
What’s more, the varies o urban pattern02 oers more oppor-
tunities to create and design the architecture. Thereore, I
decide to take one o the houses rom this pattern and put more
architectural drawing into it.
Feng Shui_Architectural Drawing
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Hous
Ground Floor
Scale: 1:100
1
11
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
6
6
6
7
7
8
5
5
5
1. Aisle
2. Living Room
3. Stairs
4. Kitchen
5. Dining Room
6. W.C.
7. Inner Courtyard
8. Outer Courtyard
Master Plan
Scale: 1:500
N
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g Feng Shui Architecture_ _
9
9
9
10
10
10
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
9. Master Bed Room
10. Bed Room
11. Shower Room
12. Storage Room
13. Laundry Room
2nd Floor
Scale: 1:100
10
10
10
10
10
10
12
12
14
14
14
15
15
15
14. Study Room
15. Balcony
3rd Floor
Scale: 1:100
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Chapter 08
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The logic o Feng Shui has been existing or thousands o years
and used broadly to extend the maximum potential o it
because many people believe it can bring more sustainable and
comortable lie; however, because o its mysterious history
without scientifc back up, it is considered as superstition
among some people. By taking this chance, I have some urther
progress and operations methods o how I can use Feng Shui as
design criteria to design a sustainable house with dierent
perspectives in my thesis. During the progress, it’s apparent to
see that Feng Shui actually takes simply rules based on symme-
try system to create space that people can equally use it and
avoid unair events take place, or example, the traditional
courtyard house. In a way, architecture is still involving and will
be changed in the urther, and what I have been thinking is that
Feng Shui is one o the important paths that we architects can
use and transorm it into buildings over the world since this ishighly associated with sustainability that people nowadays
highly concern about it.
Feng Shui_Conclusion
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