Christianity

Unit6SG3

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• C.TheHistoryofChristianity– 2.MedievalTimes(~500A.D.1500A.D.)

• a.TheBattleofTours(732A.D.)-Franks(CharlesMartel)vs.Moors(UmayyadCaliphate)-stoppedthespreadofIslamintoEurope;consideredoneofthemostimportantbattlesinhistory,aworld-alteringevent

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• b.TheTheSchismof1054A.D.:TheOrthodoxChurch&theRomanCatholicChurch– (1)Political,cultural,&theologicaldifferencesovermanycenturies

– (2)ThechurchinRomeclaimedspecialauthorityoverallotherchurches;ChurchofConstantinoplebelievedfreeofauthorityofRomeduetoConstantine;bishopsofRome&Constantinoplewereequals

– (3)Mutualexcommunicationsofchurchleader– (4)IconoclastpolicydisputedintheWest– (5)DisputedchangingofwordingofNiceneCreed– (7)Disputesofjurisdiction,theuseofunleavenedbreadfortheEucharistintheWest;celibacyofpriests(EasternOrthodoxcanmarry)

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xdsUVlmYDOM

• Jerusalem: Contested Space

TheEdicule,TombofJesus

RestoringtheEdicule

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• c.TheCrusades(1095A.D.-1285A.D.)– (1)Cause-MuslimforcesdefeatedtheEasternRoman/Byzantinesandafter636controlledPalestine.VariousdifferentMuslimdynastiesfought,won,&lostcontroloverPalestine(Umayyad,Abbasid,&Fatimids)• (a)OneFatimidrulerdestroyedtheChurchoftheHolySepulchre,onlytoanotherhaveitrebuilt.MuslimsconsideredChristians“peopleofthebook”&allowedChristianspilgrimagestotheirholysites.TheSeljukTurksinterruptedpilgrimagesandthuspromptedsupportfora“crusade”tofreetheHolyLand.

• (b)PapacyadvocatingtakingbackPalestineandpromisedforgivenessofallsinsforanyonewhowent

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• (2)Effect-The1stCrusadewassuccessfulandChristian“CrusaderStates”callOutremerwereformed.TerritorywasgainedandlostandthereweremoreCrusades7majorones.

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• (3)The4thCrusadeneverreachedtheHolyLandinsteadtheCrusaderssackedConstantinople,wereexcommunicatedbythePopeforattackingfellowChristians-thecrusaderskilledtheByzantineemperor,pillagedchurchesofholyrelicsandbutcheredmanyByzantinecitizens-howeveritbrieflyreunitedtheold“RomanEmpire.”

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• (4)Legacy-TheCrusadesaffectedtheChristianchurchbyinitiallybringingthe2branchestogetheragainst1enemyonlytomaketheschismworse.TheyincreasedthepowerofthePapacyintheWestandthechurch’sinfluenceoverseculargovernments

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• d.Thepower&influenceofmedievalChristianity-theChristianchurchbecamethedefininginstitutionofmedievalEurope;thechurchinitiallywantedatheocracy,butinsteadwasintertwinedbymanynewEuropeankingdoms(England,France,Germany...etc)– (1)Investiturecontroversy-powerfulstrugglebetweenHolyRomanEmpire&Popewhensecularrulersbeganappointingchurchofficials,apowerthechurchfeltwastheiralone

– (2)MagnaCarta-theChurchofEnglandwouldbefreefrominterferencefromthecrown

– (3)PhiliptheFairofFrance-excommunicatedbyPopeBonifaceVIII,andinretaliationseizedandheldcaptivebyPhilip

– (4)ThomasBecket-murderedinthenameofKingHenryII12

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• C.TheHistoryofChristianity– 3.ModernChristianity

• a.TheRenaissanceworldview– (1)WeakeningofChurchauthority(theAvignonPapacyorBabylonianCaptivityakaGreatSchism)-2PopesoneinRomeandoneinFranceundertheinfluenceofPhiliptheFair

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• b.TheProtestantReformation– (1)MartinLuther:justificationoffaith&95Theses-10/31/1517-1648-schismcreatedProtestantbranchofmanydenominations• (a)liturgyinthevernacularnotLatin• (b)marriedpriests• (c)eliminatingtheidaofPurgatory• endthesellingof“indulgences”thecommutationofsins

– (2)Biblesbeganbeingprintedinthevernacularlanguages

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• c.Thenature&spreadofProtestantism– (1)initiallyanattempttoreformRCchurchandbecameseparate

– (2)LutheransinGermany– (3)AnabaptistsinSwitzerland– (4)PresbyteriansinScotland– (5)AnglicansinEngland– (6)Methodists,Adventists,Pentecostals,Puritans

• d.TheCatholicCounter-Reformation– (1)StructuralreconfigurationofRCchurch-TheCouncilofTrent(1545-63)

– (2)Religiousorders-Jesuits&otherstosetgoodexamples– (3)Spiritualmovementstoaddmorespirituality– (4)Politicaldimensions-newcalendar 16

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• D.SacredLiteratureofChristianity:TheBible– 1.OldTestament– 2.NewTestament

• a.Gospels• b.Epistles• c.ActsoftheApostles

• d.Revelation– 3.Reasonsfortheexistenceofdifferingversions/editionsoftheChristianBible

• a.Schisms;divinityofJesus;divinenature

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http://bg3-blog.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Canons.png

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• E.Christianity’sSacredCalendar-LiturgicalYear– 1.Advent(“arrival”)-preparationleadinguptoChristmas-starts4SundaysbeforeChristmas

– 2.Christmas-celebratesbirthofJesusbeginningChristmasEveandlasting12days

– 3.Epiphany-FeastoftheBaptismofChrist– 4.Lent-Easterpreseason;beginsAshWednesdayandlasts~40days

– 5.EasterTriduum• a.GoodFriday-readingoftheaccountofthePassion• b.HolySaturday-commemoratesJesusbeinglaidinthetomb

• c.Easter-celebratesresurrectionofJesus– 7.Pentecost-50thdayofEasterseason-celebratessendingofHolySpirittotheApostles

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• F.ChristianSacraments&Rites0fPassage– 1.Baptism-Jesuswasbaptized– 2.Communion-akaHolyEucharist;fromLastSupper

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