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Promoting Solar Energy Use Through Local Planning
Putting Solar Energy Use on the Local Policy Agenda
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About the SunShot Solar Outreach Partnership
The SunShot Solar Outreach Partnership (SolarOPs) is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) program designed to increase the use and integration of solar energy in communities across the US.
Upcoming Events
Fact Sheets
How-To Guides
Podcasts & Webinars
Case Studies
Technical Assistance
About the SunShot Solar Outreach Partnership
Resource SolarOutreach.org
http://solaroutreach.org
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Planning for Solar Energy
Briefing Papers – Solar Community Engagement
Strategies for Planners
– Solar Mapping
– Integrating Solar Energy Use into Local
Plans
– Integrating Solar Energy Use into Local
Development Regulations
– Balancing Solar Energy Use with
Potential Competing Interests
– Recycling Land for Solar Energy
Development
www.planning.org/research/solar/
Promoting Solar Energy Use Through Local
Planning Webinar Series
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Promoting Solar Energy Use Through Local
Plans
– September 20, 2013
– 1-2 PM Eastern
Promoting Solar Energy Use Through Local
Development Regulations
– November 1, 2013
– 1-2 PM Eastern
www.planning.org/research/solar/
Promoting Solar Energy Use Through Local
Planning Webinar Series
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A core purpose of planning is to help
communities make decisions about local
resources.
But relatively few communities acknowledge
solar energy in local plans and development
regulations.
Framing Thoughts
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Our Discussants
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Brian Ross Principal/Owner of CR Planning
David Morley, AICP Senior Research Associate
American Planning Association
Energy planning is a critical local issue Solar energy is a valuable local resource
People in your community will want to take
advantage of their solar resources.
Solar development, like other development, is a
locally regulated land use with synergies and
conflicts with other local resources
Plans set the stage for how the community
maximizes development opportunities and
minimizes development risks
Why Plan for Solar Development
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Solar is a local resource that has synergies
and conflicts with other local resources
– Important resources frequently overlap
• Industrial assets
• Natural systems
• Productive farmland
• Historic resources
• Aggregate/minerals
– Planning maximizes opportunities and
minimizes risks
Why Plan for Solar Development?
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Understanding the resource’s elements, in
order to protect it or develop it
– Geographic Element. Where is the
resource? Can you get to it?
– Technology Element. What are the
characteristics of how the resource is
harvested or used?
– Market Element. What is the use of the
resource that gives it value, and how is that
affected by local regulation?
Planning for Solar Development
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Solar Resources
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The solar resource varies by:
– Time of day
– Season
– Local Weather
and
– Local Landscape
Solar Resources
Credit: MnDOC
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The local landscape defines
whether a given site has a solar
resource – Topography
– On-site obstructions
– Obstructions on adjacent land
– Future obstructions
Solar Resources
An adequate solar resource location is
unshaded for several hours every day (around
solar noon), both now and well into the future.
Understanding solar energy as a resource
– Geographic characteristics – local landscape
Solar Resources
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Energy Innovation Corridor – Minneapolis, Saint Paul
Understanding solar energy as a resource
– Geographic characteristics – local landscape
Solar Resources
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Energy Innovation Corridor – Minneapolis, Saint Paul
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The local landscape defines the
solar resource and access to the
resource.
Various technological options
allow property owners to capture
the solar resource, depending on:
the resource location;
the resource quality, and
the desired energy use.
Solar Resources
Climate action goals and policies
Sustainability goals
Energy goals
Environmental Goals
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Economic Goals
Source: Tracking the Sun IV, Lawrence Berkeley Labs, Sept 2011 18
0 50,000 100,000 150,000
2011
2012
2013
48,656
57,177
68,931
Number of Jobs (at least 50% of time in solar)
National Solar Jobs
Installation
Manufacturing
Sales and Distribution
Project Development
Other
(Projected)
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Approach issues comprehensively
A Planning Perspective
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Land Use
Transportation
Energy and Climate Change
Housing
Community Facilities
Economic Development
Consider long-term implications
A Planning Perspective
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Year 30 Year 20 Year 10 Year 0
Evaluate how solar energy use fits with other
goals and priorities
A Planning Perspective
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A Sustainable Community
A Sustainable Community
Livability Livability
Harmony with Nature Harmony
with Nature
Economic Resilience Economic Resilience
Social Equity Social Equity
Public Health Public Health
Regional Cooperation
Regional Cooperation
Authentic Participation
Authentic Participation
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Strategic Points of Intervention
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Planning for Solar Planning for Solar
Visioning and long-range goal
setting
Visioning and long-range goal
setting
Public investment
Public investment
Development work
Development work
Regulations and
incentives
Regulations and
incentives
Plan making
Plan making
Photo: www.solar.calfinder.com
Visioning and long-range goal
setting
Photo: NREL 23
Does solar play a role in the future vision
for your community?
How does solar connect to other goals
such as greenhouse gas reduction targets
or renewable energy portfolio standards?
Opportunity to gage the level of awareness
and support in the community.
Comprehensive plans
Sub-area plans
Functional plans
Plan Making
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Zoning ordinances Subdivision ordinances
or regulations Form based codes
Planned unit development/ planned
residential development ordinances
Transit oriented development
regulations and guidelines
Historic district architectural or design
guidelines
Transfer of development rights
Wetlands ordinances Tree ordinances
Regulations and
Incentives
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Review and approval of development
projects
Public-private development and redevelopment
projects
Development agreements
Source: www.urbanmilwaukee.com
Development Work
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Public Investment
Source: solaramericacommunities.gov Source: NREL
Public Investment
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Infrastructure
Parking Meters
Crosswalk Signals
Street Lights
Roads
Community Facilities
Town/City Halls
Libraries
Schools
Police & Fire Stations
Source: solaramericacommunities.gov
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Local communities, and local government,
are essential partners in creating a
sustainable solar energy market.
– Unlike almost all other energy generation,
solar energy is a local, decentralized energy
resource.
– Every community has a solar energy
resource.
– Solar development is development - local
government holds the keys to how solar
development
Creating a Solar Energy Market
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Creating a Self-Sustaining Solar Energy Market
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Solar energy
markets
Solar energy
markets
Panel conversion efficiency
Panel conversion efficiency
Manufacturing cost
Manufacturing cost
Installation efficiency
Installation efficiency
Regulatory barriers
Regulatory barriers
Access to solar
resource
Access to solar
resource
Public Engagement Tools
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Public engagement on
policy initiatives:
Education on solar
resources, to help residents
and businesses understand
their opportunities:
– Workshops
– Technology fairs
– Web-based solar mapping
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Mapping Solar Resources
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Mapping the
community scale
resource
Sources: National Renewable Energy Lab; City of Stillwater, MN
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Insolation and Topography
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Add restrictions or conflicts
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Mapping Local Solar Resources
Source: Renew Boston Solar Resource Map 34
Yellow dots - current solar installations;
Different colored roofs shows each building's solar potential;
Red sections - integrating solar is difficult for utilities;
Blue sections - historic districts with special considerations for
development.
The “Find your address” box enables users to find the solar
potential at any location.
Real property databases
Demonstration projects
Public installations
Other Tools
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Northeast Ohio Community and
Neighborhood Data for Organizing
Gary Weber, ODOT Photo/Video
Services South Coast Solar LLC
Solar Friendly Communities
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1. Comprehensive Plans that address
solar resources
2. Development Regulations that explicitly
address solar development in its varied
forms.
3. Permitting Processes that are
predictable and clear
4. Public Sector Investment in the
community’s solar resources
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Comprehensive Plans that address solar
resources and acknowledge solar development
benefits and opportunities in the community.
Solar Friendly Communities
Photo Credit: CR Planning 37
Development Regulations that explicitly
address solar development in its varied forms,
creates as-of-right installation opportunities,
and sets clear and predictable standards for
balancing solar resources with other resources.
Solar Friendly Communities
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Permitting Processes with
predictable and clear
submittal requirements,
review timeframes, and
permit fees.
Solar Friendly Communities
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Public Sector Investment in the community’s
solar resources to demonstrate viability,
community commitment, technological
elements.
Solar Friendly Communities
Photo credit: Bruce Schnaak Photography, City of Minneapolis 40
Local policy influences solar energy use.
Planning puts solar energy use in context.
There are many opportunities to start
conversations about solar energy use.
Key Takeaways
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Solar
Energy
Use
Solar
Energy
Use
A Sustainable Community
A Sustainable Community
Livability Livability
Harmony with Nature Harmony
with Nature
Economic Resilience Economic Resilience
Social Equity Social Equity
Public Health Public Health
Regional Cooperation
Regional Cooperation
Authentic Participation
Authentic Participation
Denver Museum of Nature & Science
Questions?
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Senior Research Associate, American Planning Association
David Morley, AICP
Brian Ross Owner/Principal, CR Planning, Inc.
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