8th Grade Review

This is the stuff that you learned 3 years ago, and you better

know if you want to graduate!

On the following slides make sure you can explain the significance

of the following dates, documents, and people.

What made long-range ocean voyages possible?

• Portuguese sailing innovation and mariner schooling

• Caravel- a ship that could sail against the wind as well as with it.

• Late 1400’s opened sea routes for trade with Asia.

Food for thought…

http://www.bruceruiz.net/PanamaHistory/Caravel_2.jpghttp://www.bruceruiz.net/PanamaHistory/Caravel_2.jpg

Why were Columbus’ Sailors confused about their location in

1492?• Columbus had

underestimated the size of the earth, then misled his crew about how far they traveled.

Food for thought…

http://school.discoveryeducation.com/clipart/images/columbus.gifhttp://school.discoveryeducation.com/clipart/images/columbus.gif

What was the Columbian Exchange?

• It was the movement of plants, animals, foods and ideas between the old and new worlds beginning in 1492, when Columbus discovered the continent.

• Also brought diseases such as smallpox and measles which decimated the native populations

Food for thought…

http://mrthompson.org/text/2-3%20The%20Impact%20of%20Colonization_files/image019.jpghttp://mrthompson.org/text/2-3%20The%20Impact%20of%20Colonization_files/image019.jpg

Where did the world powers focus their explorations?

• North America- France and Britain

• South America- Portugal and Spain

Food for thought…

http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/willow/history-of-south-america0.gifhttp://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/willow/history-of-south-america0.gif

16071607 The English The English establish establish JamestownJamestown(first permanent (first permanent settlement)settlement)

http://www.history.com/classroom/jamestownstory/images/JAMESTOWN_OVERVIEW_01.gifhttp://www.history.com/classroom/jamestownstory/images/JAMESTOWN_OVERVIEW_01.gif

“…“…he that will not work shall not eat…” he that will not work shall not eat…” - John Smith- John Smith

What does this quote tell you about the settlements original What does this quote tell you about the settlements original inhabitants?inhabitants?

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS

How did the following How did the following contribute to the contribute to the Representative Representative

GovernmentGovernment established established during the Colonial time during the Colonial time

period?period?

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS

Magna Carta- 1215Magna Carta- 1215

Signed by King John in AD 1215Signed by King John in AD 1215

Limits the power of the monarchLimits the power of the monarch

Foundation of future American ideals Foundation of future American ideals of liberty and justiceof liberty and justice

“ “ No freeman shall be …imprisoned… No freeman shall be …imprisoned… except by the lawful judgment of his except by the lawful judgment of his peers…”peers…”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Cartahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS

English Bill of Rights English Bill of Rights ((16881688)) British gov’t granted British gov’t granted to English people to English people certain rights and certain rights and freedomfreedom

Became the model Became the model and foundation of and foundation of American Bill of American Bill of Rights of 1789Rights of 1789

http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/7/7f/250px-English_Bill_of_Rights_of_1689.jpghttp://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/7/7f/250px-English_Bill_of_Rights_of_1689.jpg

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS

Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact Agreement in which settlers of Agreement in which settlers of

Plymouth Colony agreed to Plymouth Colony agreed to obey their government’s laws obey their government’s laws ***SELF GOVERNMENT!*** ***SELF GOVERNMENT!***

http://www.mbeinstitute.org/America/MayflowerCompact.JPGhttp://www.mbeinstitute.org/America/MayflowerCompact.JPG

How have How have the ideas the ideas of this of this compact compact influenced influenced our own our own governmegovernment?nt?

Distance and ProsperityDistance and Prosperity The Colonies were too far away to be managed The Colonies were too far away to be managed

(who likes bureaucracy?)(who likes bureaucracy?)

They developed their own forms of self They developed their own forms of self government such as the House of Burgesses government such as the House of Burgesses (1619-first example of limited self govt. in (1619-first example of limited self govt. in colonies), General Assemblycolonies), General Assembly

Modeled on British tradition (parliament).Modeled on British tradition (parliament).

What were the reasons for the growth of representative governments in the

colonies?

Food for thought…

From England’s standpoint, what was the major purpose of the

colonies?• Mercantilism- the economic philosophy that colonies should provide the mother country with raw materials and a market for surplus products. Thus, the purpose of the American colonies was TO INCREASE ENGLAND’S PROSPERITY.

Take as much as the land will give you!

How does this compare to what you know about the Native American’s viewpoint of using the land and its resources?

Read pg 31 Comparing Primary Sources

Food for thought…

Where were most colonial cities located?By water.

WHY?

TRADE!

Food for thought…

http://www.history.army.mil/books/AMH-V1/Map01.jpghttp://www.history.army.mil/books/AMH-V1/Map01.jpg

English “policy” of leaving the colonies alone. As long as England was prospering everything was great!

As a result, trade regulations were rarely enforced, as well as colonial smuggling and bribery to acquire needed products from countries other than England were ignored.

When England cracked down on this after 1763 colonists were angry.

Salutary neglect