9-energy

9. ENERGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE

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Energy and Infrastructure

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- ÂU¡FwŸ 731

Where spreads fertility unfailing, where besides a band Of virtuous men, and those of ample wealth, call that a "land". - Thirukkural 731

9.1 POWER DEVELOPMENT

Introduction

Power Development has a direct bearing on the quality of life of citizens and it also contributes to prosperity of the nation. Power infrastructure has become a critical ingredient for the sustainable growth of economy. It drives the State’s industrial, commercial and overall social and economic growth. The availability of affordable, reliable and quality power is a basic need of the State. Power projects are capital-intensive by nature with a long gestation period for commencing the projects. So, adequate participation of private sector is encouraged. For an industrialized State like Tamil Nadu, the demand for quality power increases exponentially and moves in tandem with rate of economic and population growth. Hence, special emphasis has been accorded for augmenting power to fully meet the rising demand. The Government of Tamil Nadu is giving topmost priority for development of power infrastructure in the State. Strategic steps are being taken to provide quality and uninterrupted power supply for all the sectors in the State by improving the efficiency of

Transmission and Distribution networks and thus reducing losses in the system.

Tamil Nadu has one of the better power utilities in the country and the power sector in the State has grown manifold in capacity generation. All the villages and the towns are fully electrified. The State has a healthy per capita power consumption of 1065 units. The plant load factor, an important measure of efficiency, is higher in Tamil Nadu when compared to other States. Transmission and Distribution loss in Tamil Nadu is very low when compared to most of the other States due to its efficient network. The Electricity Act 2003 mandates restructuring of the State Electricity Boards into subsidiaries. Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB) was reorganized by the establishment of a holding company, by the name TNEB Ltd., and two subsidiary companies, namely Tamil Nadu Transmission Corporation Ltd., (TANTRANSCO) and Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation Ltd., (TANGEDCO) with effect from 01.11.2010.

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Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu

Vision Tamil Nadu 2023

Vision Tamil Nadu 2023 presents the growth strategies on various fronts. On the energy front, reforms will be implemented in a progressive manner, so that benefits of competition and innovation are delivered to the consumers. The total investment in the energy sector is estimated to be `4,50,000 crore. The major share of investments amounting to `2,30,000 crore will be utilized to augment the power generation capacity in the State. Generation projects of capacity 20,000 MW are expected to be added to the State grid. Of this, atleast 5,000 MW will be added before the year 2017 to make good the shortage of peak power and energy shortage that the State faces at present. Significant investments to the tune of `2,00,000 crore will be made in the development of transmission and distribution sector and `20,000 crore in Smart grid. The investment projects in Energy sector is shown in Table 9.1.1.

The following are the specific strategies for the Twelfth Plan period:

• Two port based Ultra Mega Projects of 4,000 MW each are to be set up.

• Thrust for green power by maximising investments in Wind Power to create an incremental generation capacity of 5,000 MW and additional generation capacity of 5,000 MW in Solar Energy.

• Increased investments are to be undertaken in the Transmission sector to create evacuation capacity for higher power generation capacity with adequate buffers

• Two Greenfield LNG Terminals with 5 million tonnes per annum (MTPA) capacity each and city gas pipeline infrastructure for 10 towns are to be established.

Present Scenario

Installed Capacity

Initially, the main thrust was put on power generation through tapping of hydel potential due to cost effective generation. However, it was proved that dependence on hydro generation made the grid vulnerable to rainfall. The commissioning of new projects during the Tenth Plan and the first three years of the Eleventh Plan period helped to augment the generation capacity. During the Tenth Plan period, there was an additional capacity generation of nearly 2650 MW by the commissioning of super thermal projects such as Ramagundam and Talcher, and hydro projects viz., Pykara, Kuttalam, etc. During the Eleventh Plan, the additional capacity generation had been only 354.50 MW due to the undue delay in commissioning of the new projects, non-sequential supply of material by supplier, shortage of fuels, etc., resulting in under achievement of capacity addition targets.

The total installed capacity generation of Tamil Nadu as on 31.05.12 is 10,364 MW which includes State share(5,709 MW), central share (2,956 MW) and Independent

Table 9.1.1: Projects in Energy Sector

(` crore)S.No. Projects Investment

1 Ultra Mega Power Projects

50000

2 Case 2 bidding 60000

3 Wind Power 25000

4 Solar Power 55000

5 LNG Terminal 20000

6 Gas Grid 20000

7 Transmission & Distribution

200000

8 Investment in Smart Grid

20000

Total 450000

Source: Vision TamilNadu 2023

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power producers (1180 MW), Captive power plants (214 MW) and External assistance (305 MW) as shown in Graph 9.1.1.

5709

305

2141180

2956

Independent Power Producers Captive Power PlantsState External AssistanceCentral Generating Stations

Graph 9.1.1: Installed Capacity Generation in Mega Watts

Source: Tamil Nadu Genearation & Distribution Ltd, GoTN

Apart from this, wind mills with a capacity of 7056 MW, biomass co-generation 637 MW, biomass Power 167 MW, small hydro 90 MW and waste to energy 4 MW and solar 17 MW totalling of 7971 MW (as on 30.6.2012) would also be harnessed to meet out the present power demand. Although, the capacity addition was primarily driven by the growth in the wind energy sector, other sectors such as solar and biomass have started to gain prominence.

Energy Availability

The total energy available with TNEB grew from 66815 million units (MU) during 2007-08 to 77218 MU during 2011-12. The share of generation of TNEB through its own sources has been 36 percent amounting to 27941 MU during 2011-12. In the early stages, entire demand of the State was met by the TNEB’s own generating power stations. Slowly, the contributions from the central power generating stations increased substantially. Due to the exponential

increase in demand, the State became power-deficit. To mitigate this deficit and to bridge the demand-supply gap of electricity, power is being purchased through open tenders and power exchanges. The energy sold by the private sector to TNEB stood at 4994 MU during 2002-03. Since the private sector had a faster growth, the generation by private sector increased to 6942 MU by 2010-11. The national target for per capita consumption is 1000 units by the year 2012. The State has surpassed the target of 1000 units by the year 2007 itself and during the year 2011-12 it has increased to 1065 units. The average consumption of energy is in the range of 240 to 260 Million units (MU) per day.

Power Crisis

The installed capacity of the State as on 31.5.2012 is 10364 MW. However, the average availability stands at 8500 MW, while the demand for power ranges from 10000-12300 MW. Even after commissioning of alternate sources of generation, the State is facing acute power shortage due to increasing demand. Increase in per capita consumption pattern due to raise in the number of consumers and their consumption pattern on one side and capacity addition on the other have resulted in widening of the gap between demand and supply. Also, delay in commissioning of projects, acute corridor constraint for transmission of power, etc., are the other factors attributable for power shortage. Due to inadequate tie-up with long terms sources of power generation, the possibility of bridging the gap between demand and supply becomes difficult. At present, the shortage is managed by resorting to power purchases, utilizing wind generation and restriction and control measures. The wind power is highly variable in nature depending upon the velocity of wind. Even though it is infirm, Wind Energy Generators (WEGs) are connected to the grid. The total installed capacity of wind energy generators in the State is almost 50 percent of the total installed capacity of the country. The unpredictable nature of wind energy poses

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Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu13 HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE

a great challenge for the grid management. Wind mills contribute more than 3000 MW during the season between May and October which helps TANGEDCO to improve the power situation in the State.

While wind energy is seasonal and also variable on daily basis, solar energy has better predictability with average solar incidence of 5.5-6 KWh/m2/day. Tamil Nadu is amongst the States with the highest solar insolation in India. With the release of ‘Tamil Nadu Solar Energy Policy 2012’, the State aims to promote setting up of solar power projects to the extent of 3000 MW over a period of 3 years. Roof top solar installation will be made mandatory in Government buildings and institutions. All domestic consumers will be encouraged to put up roof-top solar installations. Setting up of Solar Power Plants will help to reduce the Transmission & Distribution losses and other infrastructure expenditure.

Coal continues to remain the mainstay of the power sector. Major portion of the total power comes from coal-fired power stations. Power sector is the major consumer of coal in the country absorbing around 78 percent of the country’s total coal production. The total quantity of coal required for TANGEDCO’s four Thermal Power Stations with a capacity of 2970 MW is 16 million tonnes per annum (MTPA). Due to severe scarcity of coal, the Government of India through Coal India Ltd., supplies only 13.5 MTPA of coal. The balance requirement of 2.5 million tonnes of coal is to be imported to bridge the gap between anticipated demand and domestic availability. It is met by the captive blocks viz., Gare Pelma Sector II in Chattisgarh and Mandakini-B in Odisha for thermal power generation.

Transmission and Distribution

Transmission and Distribution network has been expanded in order to distribute quality power efficiently by sound infrastructure network to the consumers. From having a transmission and distribution

system for each power station in the initial periods, an integrated transmission network was established at 66 KV level. Later, voltage level of transmission was increased to 110 KV level, with the construction of Mettur-Madras 110 KV link in the year1949. Furthermore, erstwhile Tamil Nadu ranked first in the country to introduce 230 KV transmission network.

To match the generation capacity addition and load growth in the State, the transmission network is strengthened. This network aims to facilitate free flow of power across the regions and increase transmission voltage from 230 KV to 400 KV. Under this network, there are 1320 substations of various voltage categories viz., Extra High Tension (EHT) lines 0.24 lakh circuit km and High Tension (HT) lines 1.56 lakh circuit km (ckt.km), LT lines 5.67 lakh km, distribution transformers 2.13 lakh (numbers) as on 31.3.2012. For optimal utilization of the energy generated, an efficient distribution network is needed. In the distribution network, supply is extended to widely scattered industrial, agricultural and domestic consumers, and also caters to the public lighting requirements both in urban and rural areas. There has been a sustained growth in the number of consumers on an average upto 5 percent annual growth. The total number of consumers serviced by Tamil Nadu Electricity Board went up from 1.86 crore during 2006-07 to 2.31 crore during the year 2011-12. The pattern of power consumption in the State is shown in Graph 9.1.2.

Fig.9.1.1: Transmission Network

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Agriculture9%

Others9%

Commercial13%

Industrial2%

Domestic 67%

Graph 9.1.2: Pattern of Electricity Consumption

Source: Policy Note 2012-13, Energy Dept., GoTN

While transmitting and distributing the power, line loss occurs in the transit. The transmission and distribution loss in the State is estimated to be 17.2 percent during 2011-12 as against the All India average of 27 percent.

Power Transmission Network and Formation of National Grid

An integrated power transmission grid helps to even out supply-demand mismatches. Formation of a strong National Power Grid is recognized as a flagship endeavour to foster the development of the power system to cost-effective fulfillment of objective of “Electricity for all” at affordable prices. A strong All India Grid enables exploitation of unevenly distributed generation resources to their optimum potential and also includes synchronous (at the same frequency) integration of southern region with the rest of the regions. It enables inter-regional energy exchange. It also contributes to greater utilization of generation capacity and an improved power supply position.

Tamil Nadu has made an appeal to ensure the easing of congestion in the electricity transmission to enable the State to avail contracted power from other States. The State is deprived of contracted power from States like Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh due to non-availability of the corridor.

Merchant Power plants

As Tamil Nadu has an advantage of having a large coastline, many private promoters have shown interest to set up Thermal stations using imported coal as fuel termed as ‘Merchant Power Plants’. These Merchant Power Plants will approach TNEB for grid connectivity, since as per the Electricity Act 2003, a generating station may be established, operated and maintained without obtaining a license under the Act. These projects could thereafter tie up sale of power in accordance with the provisions of the Electricity Act 2003 and the Tariff Policy 2006. Accordingly, TNEB will arrange for intrastate power evacuation arrangements, whereas, interstate transmission of power shall be arranged by Power Grid Corporation of India Limited, the Central Transmission Utility. Further, fuel tie up for the Merchant Power Plants will be facilitated and they can compete for customers and absorb full market risk. However, there are market-based risks to the growing electricity demand and there are no guarantees of minimum off-take. Some provide steady supplies to the power grid, while others open up to meet peak loads when the demand is at the highest. Private-Public Sector partnership is being solicited in power sector to a marked extent.

Eleventh Plan Performance

The outlay proposed for Eleventh Plan for power development was `10711.20 crore and the expenditure incurred was `12214 crore. The Eleventh Plan targeted the creation of 7808 MW of additional capacity . But the projects commissioned during the Eleventh Plan were Bhavani Kattalai Barrage II - 30 MW, Valuthur – 92 MW and Kaiga Atomic Power Station -131 MW, Simadhri Stage II-Unit 1 – 95 MW, Periyar Vaigai Hydro Electric Project I – 4 MW and Periyar Vaigai Hydro Electric Project II – 2.5 MW. Hence, the actual capacity addition of conventional energy source was only 354.5 MW during the Eleventh Plan period.

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Issues such as open access, trading of electricity, power exchange, promotion of green power, minimizing aggregate technical commercial losses, conservation and efficiency, etc., will adequately be addressed during the Twelfth plan. Growth with economical sustainability will be achieved by devising cost effective strategies for end-use demand side management. Required capacity addition in a time-bound manner will be leveraged.

Twelfth Five Year Plan

Objectives

• Make Tamil Nadu a Power Surplus State

• Improve energy efficiency in the energy consuming sectors

• Provide access to electricity to all rural households

• Reduce Aggregate Technical and Commercial (AT and C) losses to below 15 percent

• To achieve greater consumer satisfaction by employing Information Technology enabled services

Schemes for Twelfth Five Year Plan

Generation

With the objective of managing the ever increasing demand for electricity in the State and to make the State power surplus, massive capacity addition programmes will

Fig 9.1.1: Valuthur Gas Turbine Station

Fig.9.1.2: Valuthur Gas Turbine Station

be undertaken by taking up new projects, executing projects which are yet to be started and expediting the ongoing power projects. It is estimated that by the end of Twelfth Plan, the expected demand of the State will be 18311 MW.

On supply side management, a massive capacity addition programme will be undertaken by expediting the completion of ongoing projects and starting new projects. During the Twelfth Plan period, the capacity addition of 2039.5 MW is expected from the ongoing State projects viz., Small and Mini Hydro Projects-56.5 MW, North Chennai Thermal Power (NCTPS) Stage II (Units 1 and 2) – 1200 MW, Mettur Thermal Power Stage III – 600 MW and Co-generation of sugar mills – 183 MW.

Other than the projects under State sector, two joint venture projects, one with Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC) (2x500 MW) at Tuticorin and another with National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) (3x500 MW) at Vallur are taken up with an expected share of 1428 MW during the Twelfth Plan period. Out of the 3 units in the joint venture project with NTPC, the first unit has been commissioned, while the remaining two units are expected to be commissioned shortly with a share of 1041 MW from the 3 units. In the joint venture project with NLC, both the units are expected to be commissioned with a share of 387 MW during Twelfth plan period.

Tamil Nadu is expected to receive 1417 MW as an additional allocation of power supply through Central Generating Stations from Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project-I Unit I, II (925 MW), Neyveli TS II Expansion (230 MW), PFBR Kalpakkam (167 MW), Simadhri Stage II Unit 2 (95 MW). Hence, an additional capacity of 4884.5 MW is expected to be added to the State grid through the ongoing projects of the State, Central and Joint venture sectors.

The new projects mentioned in Table 9.1.2 are under process and are awaiting clearance from various agencies for implementation:

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Table 9.1.2: Twelfth Plan - Power Projects under process

S.No. Project Capacity/Share(MW)

1 North Chennai Thermal Power Station stage-III (1 X 800 MW)

800

2 North Chennai Thermal Power Station stage-IV (2 x 800 MW)

1600

3 Udangudi Super Critical Thermal Power Project (2 x 800 MW) 1600

4 Kundah Pumped Storage (4 x 125 MW) 500

Total 4500

Source: TANGEDCO, GoTN

Table 9.1.3: Twelfth Plan - New Power Projects to be undertaken

S.No. Project Capacity/Share(MW)

1 Uppur Thermal Power Project (2 x 800 MW) 1600

2 Udangudi Super Critical Thermal Power Project Expansion (1 x 800 MW)

800

3 Replacement of existing Ennore Thermal Power Station

660

4 Tuticorin Thermal Power Station Stage – IV(1 x 800 MW)

800

Total 3860


The new projects proposed to be taken up during the Twelfth five year plan period are shown in Table 9.1.3.

Apart from the above, an ultra mega power project of 4000 MW is proposed to be established at Cheyyur in Tamil Nadu. The share to the State from this project is 1600 MW. A Special Purpose Vehicle M/s. Coastal Tamil Nadu Power Ltd., has been formed by Power Finance Corporation of India. At Ennore, it is proposed to set up Super Critical Thermal Power Station of capacity 660 MW by expansion of Ennore Thermal Power Station within the existing plant premises.

To augment the power position using alternative fuel, it is proposed to set up a 500 MW LNG based power plant utilising the gas to be received through the Kochi-Bangalore LNG pipeline network. Besides, a Floating Storage Degasificiation Unit is proposed to be set up along the coastal areas of southern districts.

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With the commissioning of the above projects, the State is expected to be power surplus by the end of the Twelfth five year plan period.

On the demand side management, restriction control measures include 40 percent cut on base demand and energy for HT industrial and commercial services, Load shedding for urban and rural feeders, nine hours three phase supply to agricultural services, restriction on HT industrial and commercial establishments to draw not more than 10 percent during peak hours. HT industries are permitted to procure power through inter-State and intra-State open access, etc. It is also necessary to promote

energy efficiency through non-price initiatives in industries, new buildings, agricultural pumps, etc. Also, harnessing alternative sources of energy like wind, solar power, etc., will be encouraged.

Transmission and Distribution

In order to support large expansion in consumption and production of electricity,

Box 9.1.1: Measures to Promote Energy Efficiency through

Non-Price Initiatives• Residential lighting – Replacement of

incandescent bulbs by energy efficient Compact Fluorescent Lamps

• Energy Efficiency in Agricultural Pumping – Replacement of inefficient agricultural pumps by efficient pumps

• Energy Efficiency in Industry- Declaration of industrial units as designated consumers by achieving the target percentage reduction in its energy consumption and to receive Energy Savings Certificate

• Energy efficiency in buildings-New Buildings to adopt Energy Conservation Building Code and also enable the existing buildings to reduce their energy consumption

the Transmission and Distribution network needs to be strengthened. Technological development for establishment of transmission lines of higher order would help to evacuate the power generated from the proposed new plants and reduce transmission losses.

In tandem with the Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation (TANGEDCO), the Tamil Nadu Transmission Corporation (TANTRANSCO) has also taken up establishment of transmission network adequate to evacuate the power generated from the proposed new power plants and also to efficiently distribute further down the channel. It is proposed to establish 400 KV substations with 2500 ckt km of 400 KV lines, 230 KV substations and 200 numbers of 110 KV substations during Twelfth Five Year Plan. In addition to this for efficient flow of power across the State, TANTRANSCO will lay a backbone network of 400 KV double circuit line with Quad conductors connecting the following substations during the plan period i.e., Kayathar(New Sub Station (SS))- Karaikudi (existing PGCIL SS) - Pugalur (existing PGCIL SS) – Singarapet (New SS) – Ottiyambakkam (New SS).

Further, to harness the full potential of eco–friendly wind power, an exclusive corridor for evacuation of wind power is also programmed during the plan period as set out below:

• Thappagundu (New SS) - Anaikadavu (New SS) -Rasipalayam (New SS) - Salem(765 KV new SS by PGCIL).

• Abhisekapatty(PGCIL SS) –Kanarpatty (Prop. New SS) – Kayathar (New SS) – Thennampatti (New SS) – Kovilpatty (New 765 KV PGCIL SS).

• Vagarai (New SS) – Singarapet (New SS).

In order to improve the transmission network within the Greater Chennai city, new 400 KV substations are proposed at Thervaykandiagai, Korattur, Manali and Guindy. Similarly, to improve the transmission infrastructure of the State in pace with the generation, a number of sub –

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stations will be established during the plan period.

To strengthen the transmission network, huge capital investment is required apart from the conventional funding institutions viz., Rural Electrical Corporation, Power Finance Corporation, etc. Hence, it is proposed to strengthen transmission network under Official Development Assistance (ODA) loan of Japan International Co-operative Agency (JICA) by establishing 5 nos., of 400 KV substations and 14 nos., of 230 KV substations with associated lines during the next five years.

The Transmission and Distribution loss in the State is estimated to be 17.2 percent for the year 2011-12. Though the loss is very much low as compared to other States, measures are taken to reduce the loss further. The primary step to achieve the target is to reduce the HT-LT ratio to 1:1 and erect new substations and extra high tension link lines. The following schemes will be implemented to improve the distribution sector and to reduce transmission and distribution losses.

Segregation of Feeders

Out of the total losses in the network, distribution line loss in the LT lines forms the major part. Hence, conversion of low voltage

Distribution system is entirely in the domain of the State. The financial viability of the power sector as a whole depends upon the revenues collected at the distribution end. The severe financial constraint of the power sector necessitates that the distribution is made viable in the Twelfth Plan by bringing modern management systems using ICT and enforcing accountability. During Twelfth Plan, the expected growth for LT lines is 2.5 percent, HT lines 3.5 percent and distribution transformers is 4.5 percent. Based on these, the expected additions during Twelfth Plan are shown in Table 9.1.4.

Table 9.1.4: Transmission and Distribution works during Twelfth Plan

DescriptionAs onMarch 2012

Expected Addition for Twelfth Plan

2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

LT lines (in km) 567160 14250 14600 15000 15350 15750

HT lines (in ckt km) 155602 4725 4850 5000 5150 5300

Transformers (Nos.) 212921 9600 10025 10475 10950 11450


lines to high voltage lines along with feeder separation will reduce the distribution line losses to a greater extent. Segregation of feeders i.e., agriculture loads from industrial, commercial and domestic loads will be done in a phased manner to address the need for providing electricity for agriculture. In Tamil Nadu, there are about 2870 rural feeders. It is proposed to carry out segregation of agricultural loads from industrial, commercial and domestic loads in about 2000 feeders along with implementation of High Voltage Density System (HVDS). Segregation of feeders will be done in a phased manner. Initially, the segregation along with HVDS of about 100 feeders has been programmed to be taken up in Villupuram region.

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Restructured Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Programme (R-APDRP)

The R-APDRP has been launched by Ministry of Power, Government of India during the Eleventh Plan period. The objective of Restructured APDRP Scheme is to provide quality and reliable power supply to the consumers and reduce the aggregate technical and commercial (AT and C)losses below 15 percent by the end of Twelfth Plan period. To achieve the objectives, a holistic improvement of measuring systems for accounting energy on priority and strengthening the distribution system is insisted. The project area will cover the towns and cities with a population of more than 30,000 as per 2001 census. An outlay of ̀ 3078.73 crore is proposed by Government of India in the Twelfth Plan. The project has been taken up in two parts.

Part A includes the projects for establishment of baseline data and information technology applications for energy accounting/ auditing and information technology based consumer service centers, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Distribution Management System (DMS) implementation in towns with population of more than 4 lakh and annual energy consumption of more than 350 MUs. Under Part-A of R-APDRP, the Government of India has sanctioned Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) for 110 towns at a total cost of `417 crore for IT implementation in addition to `182.17 crore for SCADA and DMS implementation in seven eligible towns in the State. The above scheme will be completed by May 2013. The works are in progress in three pilot towns namely Gobichettipalayam, Bhavani and Sathyamangalam urban agglomeration towns. In addition, the works have been taken up in 11 fast track towns.

Part-B of R-APDRP, includes regular distribution strengthening and improvement projects. The main objective of this scheme is to bring down the AT and C losses within 15 percent for which erection of new and

additional transformers, transformer capacity enhancement in 110 KV SS and 33 KV SS, Erection of new 33 KV feeders/ bifurcation, reconducting of 33 KV feeders, installation of remote switchable breakers/switches in 33 KV SS, Renovation and Modernisation of 33/11 KV SS, Installation of distribution transformers, Capacity enhancement of LT sub-stations, conversion of low voltage lines to high voltage lines along with feeder separation is envisaged. The above scheme shall be completed by February 2014 for which sanction has been accorded for 87 towns and works are expected to be taken up shortly. It is also proposed to extend the scheme to areas not covered under RAPDRP in the State. On execution of the improvement works in the restructure APDRP schemes, AT and C losses are expected to be reduced with improved voltage profile and thereby able to cope up the demand. Implementation of IT enabled services under the scheme is also likely to improve consumer satisfaction considerably.

Conversion of Overhead Lines to Cables

Coastal areas of Tamil Nadu are often affected by hurricane and cyclone. Large scale damage to Extra High Tension (EHT), High Tension (HT) and Low Tension (LT) lines occurred in the Nagapattinam and Cuddalore areas especially in Cuddalore. Hence, it is proposed to convert High Tension Overhead (HTOH) lines and Low Tension Overhead (LTOH) lines to HT cables and LT cables respectively to minimize the damage and loss and for easy restoration of power supply. In the first phase, overhead lines to cable conversion is proposed in cyclone affected areas of Cuddalore and Nagapattinam circles. Total HT lines in Cuddalore circle is 5865 km and LT lines is 14,639 km while in Nagapattinam circle total HT lines is 3552 km and LT lines is 9004 km. Out of this, it is proposed to convert 20 percent of HT lines and 30 percent of LT lines in the above areas to cables. Total cost for the conversion of overhead lines to cables in Cuddalore and

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Nagapattinam circles is estimated as `300 crore and `190 crore respectively totalling to `490 crore in the first phase.

Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY)

The State of Tamil Nadu had been declared 100 percent electrified as all the 15400 (as per 2001 census) inhabited villages were electrified. With the implementation of GoI scheme viz., Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana aimed to achieve the goal of electrification of all households in the State, below poverty line households will be provided service connections, in addition to the 100 percent of the population (16.92 lakh households) will get access to electricity. Under the Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana, the State has obtained sanction for implementation of the scheme in 26 districts at a cost of `447.41crore towards 100 percent electrification of rural households.The RGGVY works in all the 26 districts have been completed, thereby providing electrification to all the households. Implementation of this scheme to electrify all the rural households in the remaining

three districts viz., Nilgris, Tirunelveli and Dharmapuri will be completed by 2014.

Energy Conservation

As a major initiative to promote power savings, Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) will be provided without cost to 14.62 lakh huts to replace incandescent lights at a cost of `14.62 crore which is expected to result in a saving of 45 MW of power each year. Action will be initiated to implement Energy Conservation Building Code in commercial buildings and certain categories of major building complexes based on their energy consumption. At 30 percent energy savings, this has the potential to save around 3 MW per 10 lakh square feet area. Initiatives are being taken to strengthen the transmission infrastructure for evacuation of wind energy.

Twelfth Five Year Plan Outlay

A sum of `26719.25 crore is earmarked as State outlay for the Power development Sector for the Twelfth Five Year Plan as shown is Table 9.1.5.

Fig.9.1.4: Energy Conservation - Compact Fluorescent Lamps

Fig.9.1.3: Rural Electrification in Tamil Nadu

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The Table 9.1.6 provides monitorable targets for the Twelfth Five Year Plan.

Table 9.1.6: Monitorable Targets for Twelfth Five Year Plan

S.No. Name of the Project Units Target

I Generation (Proposed capacity addition)

State sector MW 9459.50

Central Sector (Share) MW 1428.00

Joint Venture (Share) MW 1417.00

Ultra Mega Power Project MW 1600.00

Tariff based competitive bidding MW 1600.00

Total MW 15504.50

II Transmission and Distribution

Substations Number 325

EHT lines Circuit km 4500

Table: 9.1.5: Twelfth Plan Outlay - Power Development

(` crore)S.No. Name of the Scheme Outlay

1 Generation 8600.00

2 Transmission 5700.00

3 Distribution 4640.00

4 Share Capital Assistance to TNEB 7500.00

5 Rural Electrification 264.63

6 Provision of Compact Fluorescent Lamps for huts

14.62

Total 26719.25

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9.2 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

Introduction India has been making rapid strides

in conventional as well as renewable power generation. In the last six decades, in spite of installed electricity capacity in India having increased substantially, the demand has outstripped the supply as a result of economic growth, urbanization and growing population leading to substantial energy and peak shortages which have consistently remained above 10 percent level. Creation of fossil fuel based power plants lets out substantial green house gas/ carbon emission into the atmosphere causing climate change and global warming. The country is endowed with large amount of sustainable resource base and non-conventional energy technologies which are well-suited for grid connected power generation, energy supplies in remote areas which are not/ could not be connected to the grid and for captive consumption. Tamil Nadu has also made pioneering attempts to harness non-conventional sources of energy especially the wind power. The Government of Tamil Nadu is committed to mitigate climate change effects by bringing out policies conducive to promote renewable energy generation in the State. It intends to make renewable energy a people’s movement just like rain water harvesting.

The State is blessed with various forms of renewable energy sources. The environment-friendly renewable energy sources are perennial in nature, available locally and quite suitable for decentralized applications. The important renewable energy sources are as follows:

• Wind Energy (including offshore wind)• Solar Energy• Biomass and other forms of bio energy• Small Hydro • Tidal Energy• Ocean Thermal Energy• Municipal and Industrial Wastes

Among the above mentioned sources, the first three renewable energy sources, viz., wind, solar and bio energy are being harnessed in a big way in India and also in Tamil Nadu. With a view to develop and propagate the non-conventional sources of energy, the Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency (TEDA) was formed. Apart from serving as a coordinating agency to promote and harness the use of renewable energy sources, TEDA acts as nodal agency to the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India to implement centrally funded and sponsored schemes in the state.

Tamil Nadu Solar Energy Policy 2012Tamil Nadu Solar Energy Policy 2012

aims at generating 3000 MW of solar power by 2015 with a vision of developing the State as a world leader in Solar Energy.

This will be achieved through Utility Scale Projects (1500 MW), Rooftops (350 MW)

Box 9.2.1: Policy Initiatives• Net Metering to Solar power

systems installed in the commercial establishments and individual homes connected to the grid with power credits

• Projects for Power evacuation at multiple voltage levels

• Wheeling and Banking of power Charges for wheeling of power generated from Solar Power Projects for captive use/ third party sale within the state

• Exemption from payment of Electricity Tax to the extent of 100 percent for 5 years

• Tax Concessions

• Exemption of Demand cut

Source: Tamil Nadu Solar Energy Policy 2012

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and under Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) (1150 MW) mechanism. Out of 1500 MW in utility scale, 1000 MW will be funded through Solar Purchase Obligation (SPO) and balance 500 MW through Generation Based Incentive provided by the Government. By Solar Purchase Obligation (SPO), High Tension consumers will have to ensure that 3 percent of their energy consumption is through solar energy by 2013, which will be increased to 6 percent from January 2014. Low Tension consumers viz., domestic, huts, cottage and tiny industries, powerlooms, agriculture are exempted from SPO.

Box 9.2.2: Promotion of Solar Energy

• Promotion of Solar Rooftop Systems (Domestic) – Generation Based Incentive of `2 per unit for first two years, `1 per unit for next two years and `0.5 per unit for subsequent years

• Solar Parks to be set up with a capacity of about 50 MW each in 24 districts

• Establishment of exclusive Solar Manufacturing Parks to promote solar manufacturing industries in these parks

• Establishment of Solar Power Plants in all industrial estates subject to land availability at reasonable cost

• Investments through Joint Ventures by State Public Sector Undertakings at competitive tariffs

• Promotion of Rooftops in Government buildings and all street lights and water supply installations in local bodies

• Installation of Solar Water Heating System mandatory for buildings, new houses/ hotels and industries having boilers

Source: Tamil Nadu Solar Energy Policy 2012

Tamil Nadu will position itself as the regional hub for integrated solar manufacturing and technology development as global majors will be invited to invest in creation of manufacturing facilities in the State. Apart from encouraging indigenous solar manufacturing facilities with incentives, the policy aims at promoting research and development in the sector and hybrid systems, besides creating skilled manpower and jobs. TEDA is the nodal agency for guaranteed single window clearances to be made within 30 days so that the plants to be commissioned in less than 12 months. An empowered committee will accord project clearances for the establishment of solar power projects to be bid out in the State.

Present Scenario – Renewable Energy Sources

The total installed capacity of power generation from renewable energy sources in Tamil Nadu is 7971Mega Watt (MW) as on 30.06.2012, which includes wind (7056 MW) and co-generation (637 MW) and biomass power (167 MW), solar (17 MW), small hydro (90 MW) and waste to energy (4MW) as shown in Graph 9.2.1.

Graph 9.2.1: Installed Capacity of Renewable Sources of Energy (MW)

Source: Policy note (2012-13) Energy Dept,GoTN

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The total renewable energy installed capacity of India is about 24833 MW (as on 30.6.2012) which is only about 12 percent of the total installed capacity of the country. Tamil Nadu leads in the renewable energy space in the country and accounts for 32 percent of the total installed renewable energy capacity in the country and contributes about 43 percent of the total installed capacity (conventional plus renewable energy) of Tamil Nadu. Electricity generated from renewable energy sources accounted for 14.9 percent of the total electricity generated in the State (77218 MU) in 2011-12. About 12.64 percent (9763 MU) of this was generated through wind farms.

Cumbum pass) parts of the State. Total installed capacity under wind mill generation is 7056 MW. Tamil Nadu tops in harnessing resources of energy among all Indian States with around 41 percent of India’s installed capacity, thus making it a clear leader in the wind energy sector. The growth in the wind energy sector in the State has been phenomenal as shown in Graph 9.2.2.

Source: Policy Note 2012-13, Energy Dept,GoTN

Fig.9.2.1: Wind and Solar Hybrid System

In the State, the contribution to the installed capacity is highest from wind energy, followed by bagasse-based co-generation plants in sugar industries. This has largely come through private investments encouraged by policy initiatives of the Central and the State Governments.

Wind Energy

Wind energy is one of the cleanest renewable sources of power. The potential area that are suitable for establishment of wind generators are mostly confined to the southern (Aralvoimozhi pass and Shengottai pass) and south western (Palghat and

Graph 9.2.2: Wind Generation and Capacity Addition

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Solar Energy

Tamil Nadu has a very good solar potential with 300 clear sunny days as it receives very high solar radiation. The Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) technology which enables the direct conversion of sun light into electricity has several distinct advantages, since it does not have moving parts, produces no noise or pollution, requires very little maintenance and can be installed anywhere. These advantages make them an ideal power source for use especially in remote and isolated areas which are not served by conventional electricity, making use of ample sunshine available in the State. SPV technology provides for decentralized installations thereby minimizing the need for transmission infrastructure. Similarly Solar Thermal with potential for storage is yet another very good solar technology.

Realizing the importance and need for large scale promotion of solar energy in the country, the Government of India had announced Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM). JNNSM is an important program of the Government of India under Renewable Energy sector and aims at establishing India as a global leader in solar energy by creating policy conditions for its diffusion across the country. It is the major initiative to promote ecologically sustainable growth while addressing India’s energy security challenge. This mission has been launched with a view to achieve 22000 MW of solar capacity by the year 2022 which is to be implemented in 3 phases for All India as shown in Table 9.2.1. Phase I of the Mission has a target to achieve 1000 MW of installed capacity. Of the State target of 22MW, 12 MW has been commissioned in Tamil Nadu.

Fig.9.2.2: Solar Water Heater

Fig.9.2.3: Solar Street Light

Table 9.2.1: Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM)S.No. Application segment Units Target for

Phase I (2010-13)

Target for Phase II

(2013-17)

Target for Phase III (2017-22)

1 Solar collectors million sq.mts 7 15 20

2 Off Grid solar applications

MW 200 1000 2000

3 Utility Grid power, including roof top MW 1000-2000 4000-10000 20000

Source: Policy Note 2012-13, Dept. of Energy, GoTN

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The Mission also envisages provision of generation based incentive for a period of 25 years for utility power generation.

The 5 MW Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) power plant, first grid connected demonstration solar power plant in Tamil Nadu, under the Generation Based Incentive Programme, commissioned during the year 2010 is functioning well in Sivagangai District. 7 projects of each 1 MW, one project of 5 MW and one project of 10 MW have been sanctioned for the State under phase-I of Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM).

Biomass Energy

Bio-mass produced by green plants through photosynthesis using sunlight, contains organic matter which could be converted to energy. Biomass can be obtained by raising energy plantations or may be obtained from organic waste. The biomass resources can be used in bio-energy technologies viz., biogas, gasifier, biomass combustion, cogeneration, etc., to produce energy-thermal or electricity. Biomass can be used in three ways – one in the form of gas through gasifiers for thermal applications, second in the form of methane gas to run gas engines and produce power and the third

through combustion to produce steam which drives a turbine to generate electricity.

• Biomass combustion - The total installed capacity of the Grid interactive Biomass power projects in the State as on 30.6.2012 is 165.5 MW

• Biomass Gasification - The installed capacity of Grid connected Biomass Gasifier systems is 1.5 MW

• Bagasse Cogeneration - 637 MW of installed capacity is available from Biomass Co-generation plant from Sugarmills

• Bio methanisation – The installed capacity of the grid interactive Biogas power plants is 4.25 MW

Eleventh Five Year Plan Performance

The Eleventh Plan Outlay earmarked for Non-conventional Sources of Energy was `32.10 crore. As the scheme viz., Integrated Rural Energy Programme (with an allocation of `15.25 crore in the Eleventh Plan) had been discontinued, the total allocation for the eleventh plan was reduced to `16.85 crore, of which, an expenditure of `9.54 crore was incurred for the Eleventh Plan. The physical achievements are shown in Table 9.2.2.

Fig.9.2.4: Solar Water Heater

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Table 9.2.2: Physical Achievements of Eleventh PlanS.No. Items Target

(Nos.)Achievement

(Nos.)

I WIND ENERGY

1 New Wind monitoring Stations 15 3

2 Wind mill water pump 25 3

3 Wind Solar Hybrid system - 5 (2.1 KW each)

II. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY

4 Solar street lights 2500 65

5 Solar Home lights 5000 832

6 Solar powered vaccine refrigerators 25 10

7 Solar education kit 2500 445

III. SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY8 Solar water heating system in

Government buildings125 215

9 Solar dish cookers 2500 109

10 Energy conservation Battery operated vehicles 16 seater van

25 5

11 Replacement by CFLs 5000 600

Source: Policy Note 2012-13, Dept. of Energy, GoTN

Issues faced by the Renewable Energy Sector• Wind Energy is totally dependent on

nature and the power generation is subject to wide fluctuation, because of which it is considered as ‘infirm’ power and requires balancing systems

• With total installed capacity of wind generators at 7056 MW, there is urgent need to strengthen evacuation infrastructure for wind energy

• Since the unit price to consumer for renewable energy technologies such as solar cooker, solar geycers, solar lanterns and biogas plants are high, it has not been possible to generate sufficient demand for these items though people are aware of its advantages

• There is no mandate for the consumer to push for green renewable projects/ power

• Private entrepreneurs are reluctant to invest in commercial projects in the absence of a long term renewable energy policy with low cost funding

• There are only a few providers for financing renewable energy projects viz., IREDA, some developed finance institutions, a handful of commercial banks and Non Banking Finance Companies as compared to those for conventional energy power plants


The vision of the State during Twelfth Five Year Plan is to harness the under-utilized potential of renewable energy sources such as bio-mass, wind, solar and hydro power and also harness the untapped potential of renewable energy sources such as off-shore wind energy, ocean-thermal, solar thermal energy, waste to energy etc., and to promote

409409


rooftop renewable energy installations thereby making Renewable Energy (RE) a mass movement. The state is in the process of formulating a separate policy for renewable energy to encourage private investment in renewable energy.

Objectives • Providing long term sustainable energy

and reducing dependence on fossil fuels

• Encouraging renewable energy manufacturing facilities in the State.

• Reducing carbon emissions.

• Generation capacity addition of 10650 MW by the end of Twelfth plan through Renewable Energy Sources.

• Promotion of Research and Development on various combinations of renewable energy technologies.

• Employment generation and creation of skilled man power.

Strategies

The strategies to be followed during the plan period to achieve the above objectives are as follows:

• Charting a road map for promotion for Solar Power

• Promoting Repowering of windmills

• Promoting offshore wind

• Integrating biomass based power projects with energy plantations in coordination with Forest Department

• Levying green energy cess to fund renewable energy development

• Encouraging public private partnership in renewable energy projects in a sustainable manner

• Encouraging incentivized renewable energy generation programme

Physical Target

The physical target for renewable sources of energy is shown in Table 9.2.3.

Table 9.2.3: Physical Target for the Twelfth Plan

S.No. Resources Capacity addition

(MW)1 Wind 6000

2 Solar 3000

3 Bio 1285

4 Waste to Energy 250

5 Small Hydro 100

6 Others (Ocean, Wave, Tide, Geothermal, Hydrogen etc.)

15

Total 10650

Schemes for Twelfth Five Year Plan

Development of Solar Power

The State receives very high solar radiation which indicates a very clear potential of solar based power generation. Vision Tamil Nadu 2023 envisages solar as sunrise sector and it will actively be encouraged. The state has a significant focus on achieving the leadership in solar power.

As envisaged in Vision 2023, thrust will be given for green power to create an incremental generation capacity by maximizing investments in wind and solar power. It is proposed to set up Solar Parks by Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation (TIDCO) to produce 1,000 MW through government and private firms in the next five years. In the first phase, ̀ 1,000 crore will be invested on establishment of 100-MW solar power plants in southern districts. The technology can be either photovoltaic or solar thermal.

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Special Programmes proposed to be implemented are as follows:

• Solar Powered Green Houses - Provision of solar powered home lighting in 3 lakh Green Houses to be constructed by Rural Development Department @ 60,000 houses per year

• Solar Powered Street Lights - Energisation of one Lakh street lights through solar power with 20,000 street lights per year

• Establishment of Solar Parks through Competitive Bidding Process

• Electrification through renewable energy for the remaining 73 non-electrified remote habitations in the State shall be carried out

Promoting Solar Thermal Systems

It is proposed to provide solar dish cookers to the noon meal centres. Installation of Solar water heating systems will be made mandatory for industries having hot water boiler/ steam boiler using fossil fuel.

Installation of Roof Top Systems to Buildings /Educational Institutions

Installation of SPV rooftop systems shall be made mandatory for the buildings and private educational institutions as given below:

i. Buildings

• Multistoried Buildings,

• Educational institutions,

• IT Parks, SEZs, Telecom Towers,

• Industries guaranteed with 24/7 power supply and other EHT consumers,

• Buildings with a built up area of 20,000 sqm or more.

• SPV Rooftop / Wind Solar hybrid systems shall be deployed in all the government buildings.

• Suitable incentives to be provided to

promote grid connected SPV rooftops with net metering.

ii. Private Educational Institutions

• Installation of Wind and Solar hybrid systems or Solar PV power plants to meet at least 5 percent of their total annual energy consumption for all private educational institutions

• Provision of solar water heating systems to be strictly enforced for adherence

Promoting Small SPV Rooftop Systems

The Government of Tamil Nadu will provide better feed-in-tariff or Generation Based Incentive towards promoting small (Low Tension) SPV Roof top systems (delivering solar power to the grid) in the State. Government will also promote net-metering which would eliminate the need for batteries in these systems. A plan outlay of `27 crore is provided for setting up of 1 MW of SPV power plant in the State during the Twelfth Plan period.

Promoting Solar Power Plants Partly through Rural Electrification Commission (REC) and Sale to Third Party

Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation (TANGEDCO) will purchase a portion of solar power (say 50 percent) at the average pooled cost, enabling the developers to derive benefit for this quantum under Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) mechanism as well as sell the balance 50 percent solar power to third parties. This will boost the confidence level of the developers and the third parties, while enabling TANGEDCO to procure solar power at a lesser cost, on par with coal power. This will also pave way for attracting huge private investments into this sector.

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Installation of Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) Power Plants will be encouraged, in places wherever the wind mills are installed in order to minimize the use of land. As these two sources complement each other, existing power evacuation infrastructure could be utilized. Policies and incentives have to be worked out accordingly.

Prioritizing the development of skilled man-power in order to take care of the increasing growth of the solar sector including engineers, technicians and other professionals at different levels right from Design, System Integration, Installation, Inspection, Maintenance and Troubleshooting may be encouraged. Manpower advancements may be made along with Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME).

Research and Development

The Research and Development activities proposed are as follows:

• Grid connected rooftops with two way monitoring systems

• Smart Grid concepts to minimize Transmission and Distribution losses

• Photo Voltaic driven seawater desalination plants

• Smart and tamper proof monitoring of lux levels of photo voltaic powered street lighting systems so as to hand over these systems to private entrepreneurs

• Establishment of Renewable Energy Parks

• Manpower and Curriculum Development

Development of Wind Power

Promoting Renewable Energy is the key priority. Tamil Nadu has achieved wind installed capacity of 7056 MW surpassing the earlier assessed wind potential of 5500 MW (at 50m hub height) by C-WET (Centre for Wind Energy Technology). C-WET's revised assessment is 21000 MW (at 100 m hub height) for Tamil Nadu. The wind corridor works/ erection of 400 KV lines towards

evacuating the wind power needs to be speeded up to achieve this huge potential.

A capacity addition of 6000 MW during the Twelfth Plan period is expected, in addition to provide grid connectivity to the wind mills. This target can increase much higher if the evacuation infrastructure works are completed.

Aero Generators (Small KW Range Windmills)

Small Kilo Watt (KW) range aero generators and hybrid systems with solar, are gaining importance in the recent times. MNRE provides subsidy of 75 percent upto `1.5 lakh/KW for government bodies/ non-profit organizations and 50 percent up to `1 lakh/ KW for others, towards installation of wind–solar hybrid systems for power generation. The wind velocity required would be less (4m/sec) compared to high wind speeds for large MW size windmills. The hybrid systems will be encouraged to be installed in roof tops of buildings, Colleges/ Educational Institutions/ IT Industries etc. The introduction of ‘Net Metering’ concept would help in rapid growth of this sector. For promoting small capacity windmills, a target of 5 MW is fixed for the Twelfth Five Year Plan.

Fig.9.2.5: Wind mills in southern districts of Tamil Nadu

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Off Shore Wind

Tamil Nadu has an advantage of location, where in both the southwest monsoon and northeast monsoon 'tunnel' through the Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar, contribute to a high wind speed potential zone. C-WET is taking steps to install a wind mast, at 100 m height, in the offshore near Dhanuskodi towards carrying out offshore wind potential assessment. The untapped off shore wind potential will be harnessed and implementation of off shore Wind Assessment by the private developers under BOOT/ public private partnership mode. A target of 250 MW off-shore wind power installed capacity has been proposed during the Twelfth Five Year plan.

Research and Development Activities in Wind Sector

• Identifying more suitable area to promote off shore wind power development.

• Wind forecasting is critical and breakthrough in this field, will facilitate better grid load management.

• Methodology needs to be arrived at for “Repowering” of existing windmills.

• For attracting small off-Grid wind/solar hybrid applications, Research and Development has to be done on “Net Metering”.

An outlay of ̀ 600 crore is allocated for grid connected wind energy system including repowering in the Twelfth five year plan.

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) uses the thermal gradient (minimum 15 deg. Celsius) between cooler deep (at a depth of 1000 m) and warmer surface water in the ocean to power a turbine to produce electricity. However, Tamil Nadu coast experiences a temperature difference of 25 degrees Celsius which has a good potential to develop large scale OTEC plants. Unlike

wind and solar, the Plant Load Factor (PLF) of these plants may be around 80 percent. A pilot plant of capacity 14 MW is proposed to be set up initially in the State.

Biomass Based Power

Energy Plantations for Biomass

The installed capacity of biomass power plants of the State is 167 MW. The surplus biomass potential of the State has been assessed as 900 MW, based on the Biomass Resource Assessment Study carried out by Institute of Energy studies (IES), Anna University during the year 2010. As Casuarina is grown in coastal area by forest department mainly as ‘Wind Shield’, the possibility of carrying out dedicated energy plantations in locations other than forest area needs to be explored in co-ordination with Forest/ concerned departments. Of the total target of 1000 MW, generation of 10 MW is proposed under Government projects for an outlay of `50 crore in the Twelfth Plan period. Two lakh acres are required for energy plantation which needs to be achieved in partnership with Forest Department.

Co-Generation in Cooperative Sugar Mills

TANGEDCO is already in the process of modernizing ten co-operative sugar mills and two public sector sugar mills and establishing co-generation plants to a tune of 183 MW, with 116 MW exportable to grid in these sugar mills, through BOOT model in the State. Ministry of New Renewable Energy (MNRE) had sanctioned Central Fund Allocation to a tune of `58.25 crores for setting up of these plants. For the Twelfth Plan, a total capacity of 250MW is fixed.

Waste to Energy

Waste to energy projects needs to be encouraged during the Twelfth Plan period. Waste to energy potential in the sago industries cluster, food processing industries, hotels, hostels, educational institutions/

413413


colleges etc., needs to be tapped. Municipal solid waste plants will be allowed to be set up on BOOT basis. Waste to energy projects to a tune of 250 MW @50 MW per year is fixed as target for the Twelfth Plan period under the waste to energy category. A plan outlay of `22.50 crore is proposed in Twelfth Five Year Plan for generation of 25 MW organic waste to energy.

Promotion of Battery Operated Vehicles (BOV)

Ministry of New Renewable Energy (MNRE), GoI had been providing financial assistance to only electric cars. Since November 2010, MNRE provides Central Financial Assistance (CFA) to two wheelers also. From then onwards, there is a boost in the sales of Battery Operated Scooters.

Protected monuments, environmentally sensitive places including forests, and popular tourism spots can be provided with such vehicles, towards sight-seeing which will not pollute as well as to create awareness among the public. Such vehicles can be deployed in forest area since they are noise free / smoke free and will not disturb to the wild life. TEDA had funded few such vehicles in Vandalur Zoo during the Eleventh Plan period.

Green Autos (Battery Operated Vehicles - 3 wheelers) will be promoted in the State as a measure to reduce fossil fuel dependency and also to curb pollution. MNRE, GoI, New Delhi provides subsidy to a tune of 20 percent for these vehicles. In addition to it, the Government of Tamil Nadu will subsidize the cost further, towards encouraging use of more such vehicles in the State.

For the Twelfth Plan period, promoting 1,00,000 vehicles @ 20,000 vehicles per annum has been fixed as target. An outlay of ̀ 21 crore is proposed as State share for the plan period.

Special initiatives• All the Government Buildings will achieve

a minimum of 20 percent energy savings by end of the plan period, by way of resorting to various energy conservation and energy efficiency measures.

• A Renewable Energy Park will be established in Chennai. SPV Roof tops /Wind Solar hybrid system, light pipes, Biogas plant, BOVs etc., shall be installed/deployed and put into operation, for demonstrating the usage of Renewable Energy Systems and their advantages.

• A solar passive architecture cum renewable Energy Model building shall be constructed by Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency to house its office demonstrating the usage of all the Renewable Energy Systems combined with energy saving/ energy efficiency measures. The building shall consume only 25 percent of the average energy consumption, and that too through Renewable Energy systems only. This model TEDA office shall be a net energy exporter into the Grid.

• Government of Tamil Nadu will promote Coimbatore and Chennai as rooftop solar cities targeting 2.5 MW and 5 MW solar power generations through rooftops respectively. Under this programme, the solar developers shall install and maintain the SPV Rooftop Systems in both Government/ Private buildings. The building owner will get rent for permitting these installations at per unit solar power generation rate. Appropriate feed-in-tariff will be provided for the quantity of solar power fed into the Grid.

PublicityAwareness campaigns on renewable

energy has been conducted throughout the State through exhibitions, seminars, workshops, business meets, training programmes, production of short films on success stories on use of renewable energy sources, advertisements on hoardings and posters at important locations. To promote

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and popularize the use of Renewable Energy Resources and Energy Efficiency Conservation measures, Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency (TEDA) will associate with reputed institutions like IITs, Anna University, NGOs and other national and international agencies/ institutions towards promotion of renewable energy in the State. To attract investments in the Renewable Energy sector TEDA actively promotes the State nationally and internationally as an attractive destination for investments in the Renewable Energy Sector.

Green Energy Campaign - TEDA conducts mass awareness campaign on Renewable Energy for School students and Colleges as “Green Energy Virumbuvom” throughout the State. TEDA also conducts International Conference cum Exposition by the name RENERGY which is rated as the best and the largest Renewable Energy Conference in India.

Outlay for Twelfth Five Year PlanA sum of `797.70 crore is earmarked

as State outlay for Government projects under renewable sources of energy for the Twelfth Five Year Plan as shown in Table 9.2.4.

Table 9.2.4: Twelfth Plan Outlay - Renewable Energy Sources

S.No. Schemes Units Target State Outlay for Government

Projects(` crore)Government Private

I Ongoing Schemes1 Establishment for Tamil Nadu

Development Agency14.07

II New Schemes

1 Publicity Awareness 12.252 Grid connected Wind Energy

systems including Re-powering

MW 100 5900 600.00

3 Off-shore MW -- 250 --

4 Wind Solar Hybrid systems MW 2.5 7.5 50.005 Ocean Thermal Energy

ConversionMW -- 14 --

6 Solar Power Plants MW -- 3000

7 Rooftop SPV power plant MW 1 50 27.008 Solar powered vaccine

refrigeratorsNos. 25 -- 0.50

9 Rooftop Solar Water Heating System

LPD -- 10000 --

10 Solar dish cookers for Anganwadis, Noon meal centres

sqm 100 10 0.08

415415


Table 9.2.4: Twelfth Plan Outlay - Renewable Energy Sources (Contd.)

S.No. Schemes Units Target State Outlay for Government

Projects(` crore)

Government Private

11 Solar steam cooking systems in Govt. SC/ST/BC Hostels

sqm 50 10 0.30

12 Biomass based Power generation Plants

MW 10 990 50.00

13 Co-generation in sugar mills MW -- 250 --

14 Gasifiers with energy plantation

Nos. 1 (2 MW PPP mode)

--

15 Municipal Solid Waste Power Generation

Nos. 5(3 MW each PPP mode)

--

16 Organic waste to Energy Plants

MW 25 225 22.50

17 Battery operated Vehicles Nos. 1000 99,000 21.00

Total 797.70

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9.3 ROADS, BRIDGES, MINOR PORTS AND SHIPPING

Introduction

Infrastructure is crucial for the effective functioning of the economy. Inclusive and sustainable economic growth can be promoted by the efficient infrastructure network. Adequate availability of economic infrastructure viz., power, road and transportation, ports and communication, aviation and railways -continues to facilitate the development of directively productive activities. In the globalised economy, an efficient road network is very essential to improve the competitiveness and increase the productivity. It provides connectivity to remote areas and opens up backward regions to trade and investment. It plays an important role in inter-modal transport development, establishing links with airport, railway stations and ports.

Roads are the dominant means of transport in the nation. They carry almost 90 percent of the country’s passenger traffic and 65 percent of its freight. India has one of the largest road network in the world, aggregating to about 3.34 million km at present. Tamil Nadu is in the forefront in the development of road infrastructure. The road network in the State contributes substantially to the development of a strong industrial base as well as for the development of the whole economy. The rapid expansion and strengthening of the road network is imperative, to provide for both present and future traffic and for improved accessibility to other places.


“Vision Tamil Nadu 2023”, has proposed for extensive infrastructure development plan for the State till the year 2023. It aims to provide the residents of Tamil Nadu a high quality infrastructure comparable with the best in the world. Road

and Port infrastructure as envisaged in “Vision Tamil Nadu 2023” is shown in Box 9.3.1.

Box 9.3.1: Vision Tamil Nadu 2023 – Road and Port

Infrastructure• Enhancement of 2000 km of roads

into 6-8 lane Expressway corridors between Chennai and major towns

• Modernization of State highways covering 5000 km of four lane highways and conversion of other State highways and other highways of 16000 km length to two lane roads with paved shoulders

• Establishment of three large green field multi-cargo non major ports with incremental aggregate capacity of 150 million tonnes to handle dry bulk, imported/domestic coal for power generation, liquid cargo and containerized cargo

• Freight corridor connecting Chennai and Thoothukudi.

Projects ` crore

1. Expressway 40,0002. State Highway

improvement 50,000

3. Other roads 40,0004. Port development –

Existing ports 12,000

5 Port development-New ports 3,000

6 Dedicated freight corridor 15,000

Source: Vision Tamil Nadu 2023

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Present Status of Road Sector in Tamil Nadu

Tamil Nadu is the eleventh largest State in the country with a total area of 1,30,058 sq.km. The density of population in the State is 555 persons/ sq.km. The vehicle population, which was 27,325 in 1951, increased to 1.37 crore in the year 2011 registering a five-fold increase. The density of road network in Tamil Nadu in the year 2011 is 280 km per lakh population and 156 km

per 100 sq.km area and it is well above the All India average of 103 Km.

The road network consists of National Highways, State Highways, Major District Roads, Other Roads and Village roads. During the year 1951 to 2012, the road network increased six fold (i.e) from 32,307 km to 2,02,330 km (Table 9.3.1). Out of this, 62,017 km of roads are maintained by Central and State Highways Departments as on 1.4.2012.

Table 9.3.1: Development of Roads in Tamil Nadu(in km.)

YearNationalHighways

StateHighways

Major DistrictRoads

Other DistrictRoads

Panchayat/ ULB/ P.W.D Roads Total

2006-07 4483 9256 9451 38256 127254 188700

2007-08 4500 9264 9451 38256 132447 193918

2008-09 4873 9384 11288 36096 132446 194087

2009-10 4873 9384 11288 36096 137399 199040

2010-11 4861 10561 11315 34937 140622 202296

2011-12 4974 10764 11247 35032 140313 202330

Source: Dept. of Highways & Minor Ports, GoTN

Fig. 9.3.1: Roads - Vision 2023

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Other District Roads accounted for a larger share of 56 percent of the total road network. Single lane roads needs upgrading and strengthening for faster mobility of

passengers and freight. About 56 percent of the public roads are single lane. The lanewise roads and their length is shown in Table 9.3.2.

Table 9.3.2: Category and Length of Roads in Tamil Nadu

(in km.)

S.No.Category of

RoadSingle Lane

Inter-mediate Lane

Double Lane Multi Lane Total

1 National Highways

13 54 2765 2142 4974

2 State Highways 32 693 9028 1011 10764

3 Major District Roads

2791 5289 3033 134 11247

4 Other District Roads

31732 2429 823 48 35032

Total 34568 8465 15649 3335 62017


Graph 9.3.1: Lanewise Roads in Tamil Nadu

Total number of bridges has increased from 1,08,639 numbers in 2006-07 to 1,18,464 numbers in 2011-12, registering 11.36 percent growth. As on 1.4.2012, of the total number of bridges, culverts alone accounted for 92 percent i.e.,1,08,915 culverts and there are 1357 and 7936 major and minor bridges respectively.

Performance during Eleventh Five Year Plan

The infrastructure development work for the major schemes during the Eleventh Five Year Plan relating to Roads and Bridges had been taken up under the following:

Comprehensive Road Infrastructure Development Programme (CRIDP)

Under the State Funded schemes, the flagship scheme of Comprehensive Road Infrastructure Development Programme (CRIDP) was implemented from the year 2005-06 to improve and widen Government roads categorized as State Highways, Major District Roads and Other District Roads. Under this scheme, the infrastructure development like widening and improvement of roads, rebuilding of damaged stretches, construction of cement concrete pavement, construction of bridges/ culverts in lieu of existing old damaged structures, formation of bypasses, protective works like center

Single lane34568

Intermediate Lane8465

Double lane15649

Multi lane3335

Length (km)

419419


medians, drains, etc., were undertaken in a comprehensive manner.

During the Eleventh Plan period, certain State Highways have been upgraded to National Highways depending upon the importance of the roads and certain roads in the category of Major District roads have been upgraded as State Highways. Hence, the length of State Highways increased from 9256 km during the start of Eleventh Five Year Plan to 10764 km at the end of Eleventh Five Year Plan.

In the Eleventh Plan, under Major District Roads, 6521 km length of roads and 379 bridges, and under Other District Roads, 6969 km length of roads and 436 bridges were completed.

Under the Schedule Caste Sub Plan scheme, the improvement of roads providing connectivity to villages is selected based on the criteria that population of the scheduled caste/ scheduled tribe in the village should be more than 40 percent of the total population of the entire village. For improvement to roads connecting Adi Dravida habitations under Schedule Caste Sub Plan, 4629 km length of roads and 155 bridges/ culverts were completed during the Eleventh Plan period.

Chennai Metropolitan Development Plan

In order to meet the demand for good infrastructure, especially traffic improvements, the Government formulated the Chennai Metropolitan Area Development Plan during the year 2003 - 2004. During the Eleventh Plan period, 408 km length of roads, 44 bridges/ structures under road works and 4 bridge works were completed.The Grade Separator at junction of Marmalong Bridge Irumbuliyur road and Pallavaram – Thoraipakkam Road has been completed.

TamilNadu Urban Development Project (TNUDP)- III

TNUDP-III is being implemented with World Bank loan assistance. Under the traffic component, 5 road projects of 36 km length at a cost of `145 crore were selected and executed in and around Chennai city. Three road works have been completed.

Southern Sector of Inner Ring Road (TNUDP)

To ease traffic congestion in Southern part of Chennai city, works for southern sector of Inner Ring Road starting from km 14/1 of NH45 to join at km 13/4 of Old Mammallapuram for a length of 9.40 km were taken up. The second phase of this work (5 km) was completed during Eleventh Plan period.

NABARD assisted Schemes

Construction of bridges and improvement to roads, construction of river bridges in Government and Panchayat Union Roads were taken up with loan assistance from NABARD. The schemes implemented during Eleventh Plan were improvement to rural roads, bus routes, District and Other roads with loan assistance from NABARD, construction/ reconstruction of bridges, improvements to roads under Comprehensive Road Development Programme, construction of bridges in Cauvery delta areas and construction of road over bridge/road under bridges in Tsunami affected districts viz., Nagapattinam, Cuddalore and Tiruvallur districts.

Tamil Nadu Road Sector Project

Tamil Nadu Road Sector Project with the loan assistance from the World Bank aims to construct roads confirming to international standards. The details of major schemes implemented are:

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• Upgradation of roads and construction of new bypasses and ROBs from Arcot to Tiruvarur and Nagapattinam to Tuticorin were taken up in four packages. Ramanathapuram bypass (10.40km) and Kumbakonam bypass (4.10km) were taken up for upgradation in 6 packages. Tsunami affected bridge between Keezhamanakudi and Melamanakudi villages in Kanyakumari district was reconstructed during the Plan period

• Under Enhanced Periodical Maintenance works for 1033 km length of roads were taken up in four phases and completedInstitutional Strengthening were taken up

• Collection of data pertaining to network of roads in the State through Geographical Information System (GIS) and the interfacing of GIS software with RMS and PFMS is executed

Road Accident Data Management System (RADMS)

Road Accident Data Management System (RADMS) is a web enabled GIS based software developed for Tamil Nadu. It has been formed with a team comprising police, highways and transport department officials. The objective of the system is to collect accident data, analyze the cause of accidents and to improve road safety measures. Accident Data is being collected by the three departments and uploaded in the system. The accident data available in RADMS is analysed and taken as key parameter while selecting works for widening / strengthening of roads, construction of bridges etc.

National Highways - Central Projects

The National Highways are roads connecting different state capitals, major ports, large industrial areas and tourist centres. The total length of National Highways in Tamil Nadu is 4974 km, of which, 1500

km are maintained by National Highways wing of the State Government and 3474 km are maintained by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI), which is a nodal agency of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. The NHAI takes up developmental works in different phases. National Highways are being widened to two lanes with paved shoulder/four lanes/ six lanes and strengthened using Central Funds or under PPP mode.

i)Revamped Central Road Fund, Economic Importance and Inter State Connectivity Scheme

• Under Revamped Central Road Fund Scheme, 1459.39 km length of roads and 25 bridge works were completed. Under Hill Area Development Programme, 63.50 km length of roads and 11 bridge works were completed.

• In economically important zones, 55.20 km length of roads were improved at a cost of `26.84 crore under Economic Importance Scheme (50 percent Central Share and 50 percent State Share).

• Under Inter-State Connectivity Scheme, 26.60 km length of Inter State roads and one major bridge work (across river Palar) was completed. A major bridge work of ‘Construction of new bridge across river Palar in Vellore City’ was completed under Inter State Connectivity Scheme.

ii)Road Over Bridges (ROB) / Road Under Bridges (RUB) at Railway Level Crossings

Construction of Road Over / Under Bridge in lieu of existing level crossings on Government roads are undertaken on priority basis under Railway works Programme and are being primarily carried out when Train Vehicle Units (TVU) exceed one lakh per day. The State Government and Ministry of Railways share the cost equally for construction of Road Over/ Under Bridges

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including approach and service roads. During the Eleventh Five Year Plan, 84 ROB/RUB works were completed at a cost of `1251.27 crore.

Special Projects

Rajiv Gandhi Salai (IT Expressway Phase I)

Under Phase-I, the Rajiv Gandhi Salai (IT Corridor) was developed to six lane road at international standards from Madhya Kailash, Chennai to Siruseri for a distance of 20.10 km and the Link Road connecting Sholinganallur and East Coast Road at Kudimiyan Thoppu for a distance of 2.15 km to four lane road. This road is maintained by M/s IT Expressway Ltd., the SPV of Tamil Nadu Road Development Company Ltd.

An outlay of `10,587.60 crore was allocated for Roads and Bridges during the Eleventh Plan and the expenditure incurred was `9,207 crore.

Performance of Minor Ports and Shipping sector during Eleventh Five Year Plan

At the time of the Tamil Nadu Maritime Board formation in the year 1997, there were only 15 minor ports under the Maritime Board. At the end of the Eleventh Plan, the number of minor ports increased to 23. Out of the 23 Minor ports 7 are Government ports and 16 are captive ports. Of the 16 captive ports, 5 ports are presently operational. Along the 1076 km coastline of Tamil Nadu, there are 3 major ports viz., Chennai, Ennore and Tuticorin and 23 minor ports at present. The major ports are functioning under the control of Government of India and the minor ports are functioning under the control of State Government. The works in port sector are taken up under PPP mode.

The Poompuhar Shipping Corporation Limited (PSC) transports the entire requirements of coal for the Thermal

Power Stations of Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation (TANGEDCO). The Corporation operates three own specially designed shallow draft geared bulk carriers. Coal is transported to the Thermal Power Stations of TANGEDCO by these ships. Apart from this, based on the requirement, ships are being charted on contract basis from private shipping companies. The Corporation also operates 3 passenger ferry services from Kanyakumari to the Vivekananda Rock Memorial and Tiruvalluvar Statue.

Port Policy of the State

The Government brought out a Minor Port Development Policy, which details the licensing procedure for captive and commercial ports.

Licensing of Captive Ports

To take care of the increasing cargo traffic, Government of Tamil Nadu have decided to make use of the existing captive ports already constructed or under construction, for which the permission has already been given, for multi user-specific and multi-commercial cargo, with the prior approval of the Tamil Nadu Maritime Board.

Licensing of Commercial Ports

The minor ports (both existing and upcoming) will be offered for development through private sector participation. For the selection of such promoters, competitive bids will be invited through public notice and based on technical and financial evaluation of the offers, suitable developer / promoter will be selected for development of ports.

Active Captive Ports/ Port Facilities

Ennore Minor Port (Thiruvallur district)

This port was declared for the captive use of M/s. Coromandel Fertilizers Ltd., to handle Liquid Ammonia required for their

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fertilizer plant. Approximately 5 to 7 ships call at this port and handle 60000 Metric tonnes per annum. The port facility has been developed at a cost of `33 crore through Private investment.

Thirukkadaiyur (Nagapattinam district)

This port was declared for the captive use of M/s. PPN Power Generating Company Private Ltd., to handle Naphtha required for their 330 MW Gas combined Power plant. Approximately 9 to 12 ships call at this port to handle 3 lakh Metric tonnes per annum. The infrastructure has been developed at cost of `200 crore through Private Investment.

PY-03 Oil Field (Cuddalore district)

This port was declared for the captive use of M/s. Hardy Exploration and Production India Inc., for handling the crude oil extracted from the offshore oil wells. Approximately, 10 to 12 ships call at this port to handle 1.5 metric tonnes per annum. The port has been developed at a cost of `34 crore through Private investment.

Kudankulam Port

This port was declared for the captive use of M/s. Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd., for handling of dimensional and heavy lift cargo required for the construction of 2000 MW Power plant. The infrastructure has been developed at cost of `3.40 crore.

Chidambaranar Oil Jetty within Nagapattinam Port Limits

This is an open sea jetty constructed for the captive use of M/s. Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited for handling crude oil and finished products required for their refinery. Approximately 35 to 40 ships call at this port to handle about 6 lakh metric

tonnes per annum. The infrastructure has been developed at a cost of `58 crore.


Objectives

• To increase the capacity, connectivity, efficiency and safety of the highways system

• To provide road infrastructure for equitable socio-economic development throughout the State

• To ensure equity and balance, new road works are identified considering the density of road network per unit area and unit population

• Industrial corridors to be established in the economically backward areas

• To provide connectivity considering the heavily loaded vehicles plying in these industrial areas, specially designed roads are required to be provided

• Development of minor ports along the East Coast through PPP intermediate ports

Strategies

• Capacity augmentation projects like new roads, addition of lanes to existing roads and interchange construction or modification, facilities to multi modal traffic.

• Upgradation of arterial roads to avoid congestion/ construction of new bypasses and ring roads will be taken

• Providing signage to improve traffic safety, improvements to intersections, such as new traffic signals, adding turn lanes, and road markings. Transit projects, transportation enhancement projects, pedestrian projects will also be considered commensurate with the traffic growth.

• Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are networks of computers, communication technologies and management strategies

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that improve the safety and efficiency of the surface transportation system. Introduction of ITS will be considered in metro cities in consultation with the Transport department.

• Adequate attention will be given for pedestrians, two wheelers, inter-modal transport facilities, bus bays during the planning stage of all development works.

• Taking an eco-friendly view and to reduce global warming, the department is implementing the plantation programme along the boundary of the roads

• Improving port connectivity to provide uninterrupted access from all regions of the State.

Schemes Proposed for Twelfth Five Year Plan under Roads and Bridges

National Highways (NH)

• Under Revamped Central Road Fund, an amount of `413.23 crore is proposed for the Twelfth Five Year Plan for widening and strengthening of 470 km of roads

and reconstruction of 10 bridges after obtaining approval from the Ministry.

• Under Economic Importance Scheme, an amount of `35 crore is proposed for the Twelfth Five Year Plan for construction of 112 km of roads.

• Under Interstate Connectivity scheme which is implemented with 100 percent Central Assistance a sum of `80 crore is proposed for widening and strengthening of 225 km of roads.

Road over Bridges (ROB) / Road under Bridges (RUB) at Railway Level Crossings

During the Twelfth Five Year Plan, it is proposed to complete 75 ROB/RUBs, with a proposed outlay of `3000 crore for the construction works and land acquisition.

Comprehensive Road Infrastructure Development Programme (CRIDP)

Details of works proposed in the Twelfth Plan period under the CRIDP programme in respect of State Highways, Major District Roads, Other District Roads and Scheduled Caste Sub Plan (SCSP) are highlighted in Table 9.3.3.

Fig. 9.3.2: National Highways Road

Fig. 9.3.3: Road Over Bridge

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Table 9.3.3: CRIDP - Widening and Strengthening of Different Roads

S.No. Description Bridges/culverts (Nos.)

Length (km.)

Total cost(`crore)

STATE HIGHWAYS (SH)

1 Anticipated Spill over from Eleventh Plan – CRIDP

- 731 329.00

2 Widening and strengthening the intermediate lane to double lane carriageway

- 693 416.00

3 Widening and strengthening the two lane to four lane

- 870 609.00

4 Strengthening existing double lane stretches

- 2450 1715.00

5 Construction of missing links (bridges)

90 - 76.00

6 Reconstruction of minor bridges and culverts

90 - 40.00

7 Improvement to geometrics and protective works

- - 12.00

Total 180 4744 3197.00

MAJOR DISTRICT ROADS (MDR)


- 944 283.00

2 Widening and strengthening the single lane stretches to intermediate lane

- 2791 977.00

3 Widening and strengthening the intermediate stretches to two lane

- 1000 400.00

4 Strengthening existing Intermediate lane stretches

- 1190 357.00

5 Strengthening existing double lane stretches

- 65 32.00

6 Construction of missing links (bridges)

40 - 22.00

7 Reconstruction of minor bridges 60 - 15.00


- - 8.00

Total 100 5990 2094.00

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S.No. Description Bridges/culverts (Nos.)

Length (km.)

Total cost(`crore)

OTHER DISTRICT ROADS (ODR)1 Anticipated Spill over from

Eleventh Plan –CRIDP- 321 45.00

2 Widening and strengthening the existing single lane stretches to intermediate lane

- 750 150.00

3 Strengthening the existing single lane to intermediate lane stretches

- 6000 1020.00

4 Strengthening the existing double lane stretches

- 200 50.00

5 Construction of bridges in unbridged river crossings

100 - 50.00

6 Reconstruction of distressed bridges and culverts

100 - 25.00


- - 10.00

Total 200 7271 1350.00

SCHEDULED CASTE SUB PLAN (SCSP)


- 645 90.00

2 Widening and strengthening the existing single lane stretches to intermediate lane

- 1000 200.00

3 Strengthening the existing SL and IL stretches

- 7250 1232.00

4 Strengthening the existing double lane stretches

- 250 63.00

5 Construction of bridges in un bridged river crossings

100 - 50.00

6 Reconstruction of distressed bridges and culverts

100 - 25.00

7 Improvement to Geometrics and protective works

- - 10.00

Total 200 9145 1670.00

Table 9.3.3: CRIDP - Widening and Strengthening of Different Roads (Contd.)

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Under CRIDP for State Highways, works for a length of 4744 kms and 180 bridges are proposed for the Twelfth Plan period at a cost of `3197 crore. Under MDR, works at a cost of `2094 crore are proposed for a length of 5990 kms and 100 bridges in the plan period. Works for a length of 7271 kms and 200 bridges are proposed at a cost of `1350 crore under ODR. Under SCSP, works for a length of 9145 kms and 200 bridges are proposed at a cost of `1670 crore.

NABARD Assisted schemes

The total outlay proposed under NABARD assisted schemes for the Twelfth Plan period is `1088 crore for improvements of roads of length 516 km and 260 bridges.

Chennai Metropolitan Development Plan (CMDP)

To improve the road and bridge infrastructure facilities in Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA), Chennai Metropolitan Development Plan has been implemented since 2003-04 under the State budgetary allocation. The Comprehensive Traffic and Transportation Study (CTTS) for Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) and the Second Master Plan of CMDA have recommended the projects that are required to be implemented in a span of 15 years (2010- 2025).

The overall highways components of the CTTS for works are formation of link roads, providing of missing links, widening of roads, constructing grade separators, elevated roads, sky walk, junction improvements signages etc. During the plan period 2012-17, it is proposed to take up works amounting to `1750 crore under the CMDP scheme.

To bring the arterial roads within Chennai Metropolitan Area to international standards and for decongestion and to reduce travel time, projects such as Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) (Anna Salai in study), Monorail, and Metro Rail etc., are being planned. This department is coordinating

with other project execution authorities to achieve these goals. The ‘Chennai Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority" (CUMTA) has been constituted under an Executive Committee for integrating and overseeing different modes of traffic in Chennai city.

Tamil Nadu Urban Development Project – TNUDP (III)

Under TNUDP-III, Foot over bridge will be constructed at the following seven locations: GST road near Chromepet Government hospital, GST Road near MEPZ, Tambaram, Inner Ring Road near SBOA School road Junction, Tirumangalam, Taramani link road near TCS, Taramani link road near Perungudi Junction, EVR Salai near MOP Vaishnava College and Velachery bypass near metro water filling station.

Public Private Partnership (PPP) Projects

a) Rajiv Gandhi Salai (IT Expressway Phase II)

The second phase of the Rajiv Gandhi Salai (IT Expressway) is proposed to be taken up on PPP basis for construction of six-lane road for a distance of 25 km from Siruseri to Mamallapuram connecting East Coast Road. The total cost estimate for the project is around `550 crore. During the Twelfth Five Year Plan, an outlay of `280 crore is proposed for land acquisition.

b) PPP study

The PPP review committee has approved the following roads under PPP scheme during the Twelfth Five Year Plan.

• Mettur – Pallakkanuthu – Oddanchatriram – Dharapuram – Kangeyam-Tiruppur Road - (SH 37) 120.80 km at a total cost of `511.58 crore.

• Erode Outer Ring Road Phase II - 9.60 km. at a total cost of `64.20 crore.

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c) Strategic option study II by TNRSP

Tamil Nadu Road Sector Project with the World Bank Assistance has undertaken the Strategic Option Study (SOS II). The total outlay of the project is ̀ 8000 crore under PPP mode. An amount of `400 crore is proposed during the Plan period towards project support fund.

Road Infrastructure Development in Oragadam Industrial Park Area

The road infrastructure facilities in Oragadam Industrial Park have been taken up for ̀ 300 crore to facilitate the development of industries in and around Sriperumpudur in Kancheepuram District. This project is being executed in two phases.

• Phase-I involve four laning of Singaperumalkoil - Sriperumpudur road (SH-57) and Vandalur – Walajabad road (SH-48) (33.4 km).

• Phase-II, Six laning of the stretch from Oragadam to Sriperumbudur of SH-57 has been taken up.

During the plan period, widening the stretch from 12/6-24/6 in Singaperumalkoil - Sriperumpudur road from 4 lane to 6 lane is proposed to be taken up at a cost of `217 crore including land acquisition.

Outer Ring Road

Chennai Outer Ring Road project at a length of 62 km connecting Vandalur in NH-45 with Minjur in Thiruvotriyur Ponneri Pancheti (TPP) is being implemented on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) on Semi Annual Annuity basis. Tamil Nadu Road Development Company Limited (TNRDC), Chennai has been appointed as “Managing Associate” for this project.

In the Phase I of the Chennai Outer Ring Road project, road works for the length of 29.65 km from Vandalur in NH 45 to Nemilicherry NH, at a cost of `1081.40 crore is in progress. Phase II of this project

connects Nemillichery in NH-205 to Minjur in Thiruvotriyur Ponneri Pancheti (TPP) Road is taken up at a cost of `1075 crore on DBFOT basis. Land acquisition from Nemillichery in NH-205 to Minjur in Thiruvotriyur Ponneri Pancheti (SH 56) (TPP) via Padayanallur in NH-5 road to a length of 32 km is in progress.

For the Plan period, an amount of `580 crore is proposed to be allocated as Project Support Fund for both phases.

New Schemes

Junction Improvements in Rajiv Gandhi Salai

During the Plan Period, a Detailed Project Report is being prepared for the construction of five Grade Separators in Rajiv Gandhi Salai to ease traffic congestion at a cost of `250 crore.

Performance Based Maintenance Contract Phase II (PBMC Phase II)

Under Performance Based Maintenance Contract (PBMC) Phase II, 724 km length of roads will be upgraded and 1033 km length of roads will be enhanced through periodical maintenance at a cost of `474.39 crore during the plan period. PBMC will also be undertaken in all State Highways and Major District Roads in Karur, Namakkal and Coimbatore districts in a phased manner during the Twelfth plan period.

Special Initiatives under Green Lens

Energy conserving mechanism such as implementation of 10 KW Wind Solar Hybrid Systems, in the Office of the Chief Engineer (H), Quality Assurance and Research, Chennai and three other Divisional Office buildings, for captive power production and consumption will be taken up in the plan period. This will be extended to all other buildings during the plan period.

Polymer modified bitumen (PMB) is proposed to be used in the pavements

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of the roads for reduction in frequency of maintenance and longer service life as the usage of reclaimed rubber is environment friendly.

Environmental Friendly Measures

Road infrastructure is planned inconsonance with the environmental conditions of the local area. It is proposed to use sustainable technology utilizing alternate materials for road infrastructure, thereby conserving the ecology. The following eco-friendly measures are being adopted:

Plantation: During the widening of roads, cutting of trees located along the roads is inevitable. Several new saplings are planted in order to compensate every tree that are cut. In addition to the above, a lot of avenue plantation is proposed in the land available within the office premises of the department. Taking an eco-friendly view and to reduce global warming, the Department is implementing the plantation programme along the boundary of the roads are taken up.

Rain Water Harvesting: To replenish the ground water, rain water harvesting is being implemented in all bridges, roads and government buildings with either open or closed drainage facilities based on the site conditions. It is important to note that proper drainage of storm water away from the road helps to maintain the durability of the roads. Provision for construction of earthen drains is included in all the road works.

Land Pooling

The unplanned growth of urbanization in a region is creating problems of great proportions as it becomes difficult to compulsorily acquire land for widening as well as forming bypasses. Land owners are reluctant to part with their lands leading to

delay in execution of projects. Land pooling is proposed to ensure that the land owners are co-opted as partners in the development process.

Land pooling is a technique for managing the planned development of urban-fringe lands, whereby a government agency consolidates a selected group of land parcels and then designs, services and subdivides them into a layout of streets, open spaces and serviced building plots, with the sale of some of the plots for cost recovery or utilising them for development of infrastructure projects for economic development and the distribution of the remaining plots back to the landowners to develop or to sell for development.

Port Connectivity Scheme

Under the Port Connectivity Scheme, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai Port Trust, Ennore Port and National Highways Authority of India have jointly established SPV “Chennai Ennore Port Road Company Limited”. Two Special Purpose Vehicles (SPV) have been established in Tamil Nadu and are functioning to improve the roads connecting 3 major ports viz., Chennai, Ennore and Tuticorin.

a) Ennore - Manali Road Improvement Project (EMRIP)

The project envisages development of four State roads during the Twelfth Plan period. The details of roads are given in Table 9.3.4.

The total cost of the project is `600 crore. The cost is shared by the share holders of the company (NHAI, Chennai Port Trust, GoTN and Ennore Port). The project involves protective work to prevent sea erosion at 10 locations for 500m length along the seacoast and improvement of above four roads.

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Table 9.3.4: Development of State Roads through EMRIP(in km.)

S.No. Name of work Length

1 SH.56, Widening to four lane and Improvements to Tiruvotriyur – Ponneri - Pancheti Road (TPP)

9.0

2 Improvements to existing four lane with paved shoulders of Manali oil refinery (MDR)

5.4

3 SH.1, Improvements to existing 4 lane Northern segment of inner ring road

8.1

4 SH.2, Widening to four lane with service road and improvements to Chennai – Ennore expressway

7.5

Total 30.0


b) Thoothukudi Port Connectivity Scheme

Under this scheme, Thoothukudi Port Trust and National Highways Authority of India have jointly formed SPV “Thoothukudi Port Road Company Limited" to improve 47.20 km length of road in NH-7A from Tirunelveli to Thoothukudi at a cost of `290 crore during the Plan period.

Road Connectivity to Non Major Ports

During the Twelfth Plan period, upgradation of roads leading to non-

Table 9.3.5: Road Connectivity to Non-Major Ports

S.No. District Non –Major Ports

1 Cuddalore Silambimangalam, Thiruchopuram

2 Nagapattinam Vanagiri, Thirukkadaiyur, Thirukuvalai

3 Ramanathapuram Rameswaram, Pamban, Valinockam

4 Thoothukudi Punnakayal, Manappadu

5 Kanyakumari Colachel


major Ports, which are in various stages of functioning, will be taken up on need basis and through private participation. The non major ports under consideration for road connectivity are shown in Table 9.3.5.

Fig.9.3.4: Non-major Port - Cuddalore

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Schemes proposed under Twelfth Five Year Plan under Minor Ports and Shipping

Tamil Nadu Maritime College at Thoothukudi:

A Maritime College at Thoothukudi is proposed to be established on a Public Private Partnership mode to provide quality maritime education to the rural population of Tamil Nadu with capital investment is ̀ 19.01 crore and it is proposed to provide hostel accommodation for 360 students and will be situated at Tharuvaikulam in Thoothukudi district

Development of Government Ports under PPP Mode

Cuddalore Port

M/s. Chemplast Sanmar Limited has developed Marine Terminal Facility (MTF) within Cuddalore port limits for handling Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM) required for the Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) factory established at SIPCOT. M/s. Powergen Corporation Limited, Cuddalore has proposed to set up a jetty at an approximate cost of `325 crore for which the port limits of Cuddalore Port have been extended. Land acquisition from private / public is under progress by the company. It was decided to develop this port on Develop, Operate, Maintain, Share and Transfer (DOMST) basis on a PPP mode through bidding process.

Green Field Port at Nagapattinam

It has been proposed to develop a port at Nagapattinam as an all weather, deep water, direct berthing, Greenfield port on PPP mode at a project cost of `380 crore.

Colachel Port

A techno-feasibility report has been prepared for the development of this port for establishing a LNG terminal.

Development for Captive Ports Under Private Investment

The following captive ports are under various stages of development:

• Setting up an Integrated Shipyard cum Minor Port complex at Kattupalli in Thiruvallur district by M/s L&T Shipbuilding Limited, a Joint Venture company of Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation (TIDCO)

• Setting up a captive port at Parangipettai in Cuddalore district for handling coal required for their power plant by M/s. IL & FS Tamil Nadu Power Company Limited

• Setting up of a captive port at Thiruchopuram in Cuddalore district for handling crude oil and finished petroleum products required for their refinery by M/s. Nagarjuna Oil Corporation Limited

• Development of a captive ship repair facility at Mugaiyur by M/s. Marg Swarnabhoomi Port Private Limited

• Establishment of a captive shipbuilding yard at Silambimangalam Shipyard port by M/s. Good Earth Shipbuilding Private Limited

• Development of a jetty at Kaveri for handling coal required for their 1320 MW Power Plant M/s. PEL Power Limited

• Development of a jetty at Vannagiri for handling coal required for their 1500 MW Power Plant by M/s. NSL Power Limited

Fig.9.3.5: Integrated Shipyard cum Minor Port complex at Kattupalli

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• Establishment of a port at Thirukkuvalai port in Nagapattinam District to handle coal required for their proposed 2000 MW Merchant Power Plant by M/s. Tridem Port and Power Company Private Limited

• Establishment of an open sea jetty to receive coal for their 1600 MW Thermal Power Project M/s. Udangudi Power Corporation Limited

• Setting up 2000 MW Gas Turbine Power Project M/s. Indian Gas Limited, for handling LNG by M/s. Indian Power projects Ltd., at Manappad in Thoothukudi district

• Requirement for handling coal for their

Table 9.3.6: Twelfth Plan target for Poompuhar Shipping Corporation

Year Anticipated Quantity to be moved (in Lakh metric tonnes)

Anticipated Turnover(` crore)

Anticipated Net Profit(` crore)

2012-13 171.49 606.92 4.22

2013-14 199.80 636.57 4.31

2014-15 202.52 662.03 4.36

2015-16 208.32 688.51 4.42

2016-17 214.12 716.05 4.48


1200 MW Thermal Power Project at Tharangambadi Taluk in Nagapattinam district by M/s. Chettinad Power Corporation Limited.

Poompuhar Shipping Corporation Limited

During the Twelfth Five Year Plan, Poompuhar Shipping Corporation is planning to move coal for NTECL, a joint venture company of TANGEDCO and NTPC Ltd. besides transporting coal to TANGEDCO. The projections in respect of quantity of coal to be moved, turnover and Profit of the Corporation for the period 2012-13 to 2016-17 are given in Table 9.3.6.

Fig.9.3.6: M.V. Tamil Periyar - Poompuhar Shipping Corporation

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Table 9.3.7: Twelfth Plan Outlay - Roads and Bridges

S.No. Schemes Physical Financial(`crore)Units Targets

I Ongoing Schemes1 Comprehensive Road Infrastructure

Development Programme – SH

3197.00 Roads km. 4744

Bridges/culverts Number 1802 Comprehensive Road Infrastructure

Development Programme – MDR Roads km. 5990

2094.00 Bridges/culverts Number 100

3 Comprehensive Road Infrastructure Development Programme – ODR Roads km. 7271

1350.00 Bridges/culverts Number 200

4 CRIDP - District and Other Roads under Scheduled Caste Sub Plan

Roads km. 91451670.00

Bridges/culverts Number 200

5 Chief Engineer (General)

Bridges Number 8 27.64

Buildings Number 60 15.18

Acquisition of land for Bypasses Number 18 70.00

6 Improvements to Other District Roads with loan assistance from NABARD

Roads km. 5161088.00

Bridges Number 2607 Chennai Metropolitan Development Project

(CMDP)- - 1750.00

8 SPECIAL PROJECTSa) Road Development in Oragadam Industrial Park area through TNRIDC

Number 12 217.00

b) Chennai Outer Ring Phase-I & II (from Nemilicherry to Minjur)

km. 32 580.00


The outlay proposed for Roads and Bridges sector for the Twelfth Plan is ̀ 16911.44 crore. The scheme wise outlays are given in Table 9.3.7.

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Table 9.3.7: Twelfth Plan Outlay - Roads and Bridges (Contd.)

S.No. Schemes Physical Financial(` crore)Units Targets

9 Public Private Participation

a) Rajiv Gandhi Salai Phase II LA - - 280.00

b) Strategic Option Study undertaken by TNRSP - - 400.00

10 ROB/RUB Number 75 3000.00

11 Revamped Central Road Fund & E & I

Roads km. 470413.23

Bridges Number 10

12 Works under Economic Importance Scheme km. 112 35.00

Total 16187.05

II New Schemes

1 Junction improvement Rajiv Gandhi Salai - - 250.00

2 Performance Based Maintenance Contract (PBMC)

km. 1033 474.39

Total 724.39

Grand Total 16911.44

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9.4 SURFACE AND INLAND WATER TRANSPORT SERVICES

Introduction

Surface Transport is vital for the economic development and social integration of the country. It occupies a pivotal place in the economy as it provides an access to the unreached remote areas, which is not possible by other modes of transport. An integrated transport system links markets as well as people. As such, it increases elasticities of demand and supply and improves the efficiency with which any price system works and permits the achievements of economies of scale in production and distribution. Transport demand for freight and passenger movement is mainly met through road transport and railways. The process of urbanization is perpetuated by a well-developed transport system.

Tamil Nadu has made rapid strides in developing a transport network by utilization of all the three modes of transport systems viz., roadways, railways and airways in an effective manner. As per the 2011 Census, Tamil Nadu is one of the urbanized State, with its urban population constituting 48.45 percent of the total population of 7,21,38,958. The State in its endeavour to reach the people with safe, cheap and fast mode of transportation provides a variety of transport services such as Town, Mofussil, Ghat, Express Services and Inter-State services connecting the neighbouring States, through the State Transport Undertakings under its control.


As envisaged in “Vision TamilNadu 2023”, the estimated investment for road and transport infrastructure is `3,70,000 crore. Out of this, the estimated investment in the transport sector is `2,10,000 crore. The key projects focused in this document with reference to the transport sector are

Green field Airport Complex near Chennai equipped to handle 40 million passengers, up gradation of existing airports in Coimbatore, Tiruchirapalli and Madurai to international class with a capacity of 10 million passengers each and Metro/ Monorail for 2 cities (other than Chennai).

Table 9.4.1: Proposed Projects in Transpor Sector - Vision 2023

(`crore)S.No. Project Amount

1 Greenfield airport near Chennai

20000

2 Upgrading other airports 5000

3 High speed passenger rail link

120000

4 Metro / Mono rail 65000

Total 210000

Status of Transport Sector in the State

The population of Tamil Nadu increased from 30.12 million in 1951 to 72.13 million in 2011. With respect to the vehicle population, the total number of vehicles increased from 27,325 in the year 1951 to 1.36 crore in the year 2011. This exponential growth of vehicular traffic has imposed serious capacity constraints on the existing road network. Growth of vehicles under various categories during the Eleventh Plan is given in Table 9.4.2.

Source: Vision Tamil Nadu 2023, GoTN

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Table 9.4.2: Growth of Vehicles in Tamil Nadu

S.No. Category of vehicle 2006 2011 % of growth(2006-11)

I Transport Vehicles

1 Stage carriage (bus) 24395 27690 13.51

2 Mini bus 4285 3989 - 6.913 Contract Carriage (Auto, Taxi, Maxi cab &

Omni bus)211092 355196 68.27

4 Goods carriage 264569 429169 62.21

5 Tractor & Trailer 50519 72666 43.84

6 Articulated vehicle 8187 4645 -43.26

7 School Bus & Private Service Vehicle 13429 27561 105.23

8 Ambulance & Fire fighter 4630 7623 64.64

Total (A) 581106 928539 59.79

II Non Transport Vehicles

9 Two wheelers 6750328 11207338 66.03

10 Motor cars & Jeeps 714978 1230492 72.10

11 Tractor & Trailer 89980 176556 96.22

12 Others 85338 117792 38.03

Total (B) 7640624 12732178 66.64

All Vehicles (A+B) 8221730 13660717 66.15

Source: Dept. of Transport, GoTN

The vehicles in Tamil Nadu has grown by 66.15 percent during the period 2006-2011. Transport vehicles include passenger buses, goods carriages and contract carriages such as auto, taxis etc., used for transportation of goods and passengers and non-transport vehicles are personalized vehicles such as two wheelers, cars, etc. In transport vehicles category, stage carriage bus has witnessed a low growth (13.51 percent) because of the permit control to the bus operations,

while goods carriage growth grew by 62.21 percent. The composition of the vehicle population is skewed in favour of personalized transport where growth in the number of cars went up by 72.1 percent but the most significant growth items of numbers was observed in the segment of two wheelers that grew at 66.03 percent.

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Factors influencing the growth of vehicles in Tamil Nadu are:

• Demand for vehicles is income-elastic

• Liberal loans offered by banks and facility of instalment payments in association with Motor Companies has allowed the rapid growth of personalised transport

• Tremendous expansion of Road network

• Commuting time increased due to far flung residential locations making vehicles a necessity than a luxury

All the above factors have contributed to the growth in number of vehicles. In order to protect the environment, old vehicles need to be taken off the road. A number of policy aspects needs to be addressed for gearing up the road transport and meet the challenges of further growth.

The Transport Department has under its administrative control eight State Transport Undertakings and allied organizations viz., Tamil Nadu Transport

Development Finance Corporation Ltd (TNTDFC), Pallavan Transport Consultancy Services Ltd. (P.T.C.S.), Institute of Road Transport (I.R.T.), Chennai and Motor Vehicles Maintenance Department (MVMD). The Transport Commissioner is the State Transport Authority. The Transport Department is also the nodal agency for the projects implemented within the State by the Southern Railway, Postal and Telecommunications and the Civil Aviation Departments of the Government of India.

Public Sector Undertakings/ DepartmentsState Transport Undertakings

There are eight State Transport Corporations in the State of which one is meant for operation of services in city of Chennai, other for long distance intra-state and inter-state routes and the six other operate mofussil and town services in the districts. The buses operated under State Transport Undertakings are shown in Table 9.4.3.

Table 9.4.3: Number of Buses operated by State Transport Undertakings

S.No. Types of Services 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

1 Chennai Metro – City Services

2775 3000 3057 3140 3222

2 Town Services (in Districts) 6072 6257 6406 6595 6687

3 Mofussil services 7298 7487 7723 8007 8174

4 Express services

i) Inside State 562 530 555 545 527

ii) Outside State 312 356 359 359 378

5 Ghat services 520 516 519 521 519

Total services 17539 18146 18619 19167 19507

6 Spare buses 1849 1958 1780 2002 1700

Total Fleet Strength 19388 20104 20399 21169 21207

Source: Dept. of Transport, GoTN

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The State Transport Undertakings are operating 21,207 buses as on 31.03.2012. Out of these, mofussil buses are 8174 [38.5 percent], Town and Metro buses 9909 [46.7 percent], Ghat buses 519 [2.4 percent], Express buses 905 [4.3 percent] and spare buses 1700 [8 percent]. The STUs cover more than 88.4 lakh kilometre catering to 2.10 crore passengers per day. For the welfare of the women passengers, in peak hours buses are operated exclusively for ladies/ children. In addition to this, in city/town buses, seats on one side are allotted for women passengers. Apart from the customer friendly services offered by the State Transport Undertakings, the STUs without any gender bias has amongst its crew one woman driver and 5 women conductors in the Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Chennai) Limited and two women drivers in the Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation, Tirunelveli (Nagercoil Region).

The State Transport Undertakings which are operational in 19 regions were operating with a fixed decade old pricing fare of 28 paise/ per km. Hence, the State Transport Undertakings incurred losses during the Eleventh Plan period to the tune of `4846 crore. The fares were revised in November 2011. The uneconomic passenger fares, high burden of taxes, operation of uneconomic but social obligatory routes, concession in fares provided to certain category of commuters, high staff ratio and increase in interest burden etc., are the factors contributory to the heavy operational losses of the STU’s. Other factors for the loss are the HSD oil price increase, employees’ wage settlements, other variable costs particularly the costs of tyres etc. Hence, continuous efforts are being made by the State to ensure that bus services remain efficient with low wastage and good financial performance. This would help in developing the road-based transport system, catering to the needs of fast growing passenger population in the State.

Accident Claim Settlement Scheme

Accident Claims Settlement Fund Scheme aims to extend quick monetary benefits to the accident victims involved with State Transport Undertaking buses on mutual consent through out of court settlement. The settlement of compensation amount is made to the injured or the legal heirs of the deceased who are affected in accidents and also to settle the claims of accident compensation cases through Lok Adalat.

Online Ticket Reservation System in STU

An Online Ticket Reservation System for long distance buses is functioning for booking tickets at counters located across the State and neighbouring States viz., Puduchery, Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. At present, 57 counters are located in 39 locations. E-ticketing and mobile ticketing systems were introduced to provide any time any were reservation facility to the passengers.

Tamil Nadu Transport Development Finance Corporation Limited (TDFC)

Tamil Nadu Transport Development Finance Corporation Ltd., has a track record of earning profit every year since its inception from 1975. The total amount of deposits with TDFC Ltd., as on 31.03.2011 is `1086 crore. The total financial assistance extended by the Transport Development Finance Corporation to the State Transport Undertakings since its inception upto 31.03.2011 is `9238.39 crore.

The Government also contributes to the share capital of Tamil Nadu Transport Development Finance Corporation (TDFC) to strengthen its equity base. This will enable TDFC to play a major role in undertaking capital fleet augmentation programmes of the STU by providing hire purchase and term investments and loan facilities.

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Pallavan Transport Consultancy Services Limited

Pallavan Transport Consultancy Services Ltd., (PTCS) was established with the objective of providing consultancy services for development of Road Transport Projects. Apart from the development of road transport projects, it has diversified its activities over the years and taken up consultancy services in many areas including information technology, software development and intelligent transportation systems. It is also associated with vehicle tracking control system in Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Chennai) Limited, online ticket reservation systems, e-ticketing for long distance buses, disposal of condemned buses through e-auction, online electronic ticketing machines for issuing of passenger tickets in the buses etc.

Institute of Road Transport (IRT)The Automobile Research Oriented

Engineering College known as Institute of Road and Transport Technology was established at Chithode in Erode district during the year 1984 under the aegis of IRT. The Perundurai Medical College and Research Centre was established in 1986 and the three Polytechnic Colleges started by IRT are functioning at Chromepet, Bargur and Tirunelveli. Besides, the institute has started IRT-School of nursing to impart diploma in nursing course with an annual intake of 20 students in the IRT-Perundurai Medical College Campus. IRT is also running Heavy Vehicle Driver Training Centres at Gummidipoondi and 19 District Head quarters and a Light Vehicle Driver Training Centre at Taramani, Chennai and Tiruchirapalli.

Motor Vehicles Maintenance Department (MVMD)

MVMD provides the maintenance needs of nearly 15000 Government vehicles plying throughout the State with 20 Government Automobile Workshops functioning in various district head quarters

to provide quality service to Government Vehicles in an economical and efficient manner.

State Transport AuthorityThe Transport Commissioner is the

State Transport Authority, which functions under the administrative control of the Home Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu. In Chennai city, the Joint Transport Commissioner (City) is the Regional Transport Authority while in the districts the Collectors are the Regional Transport Authorities. The State Transport Appellate Tribunal, Chennai, considers appeals and revision petitions against the orders of Regional Transport Authority and State Transport Authority.

In order to enforce the provisions of the Motor Vehicles Act and Rules and Tamil Nadu Motor Vehicles Taxation Act and Rules made under the Act, this Department has an “Enforcement Wing” headed by the Joint Transport Commissioner (Enforcement).

Road Safety

Ensuring road safety is one of the important functions being looked after by the Transport Department, it is the endeavour of the Government to prevent accidents, save precious lives and increase safety for all road users.

The number of accidents in Tamil Nadu and persons involved are shown in the Table 9.4.4

Fig.9.4.1: Road Safety Tips

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Emergency Accident Relief Centres (EARC)

Considering the phenomenal increase in vehicular population contributing to increase in road accidents, 100 Emergency Accident Relief Centres have been established on all important National and State Highways, to give first aid to the accident victims and to arrange for further treatment through the nearby referral hospitals as per the choice of the victim. The public can easily access these centres through the toll free phone number-1073.

e-Services to the citizens of Tamil Nadu

The following services are available in e-Service web portal of the Transport Department:

• To find out the jurisdiction of the Regional Transport Office/Unit Office based on Postal Index Number (PIN)

The increase in the number of accidents is mainly due to non-observance of traffic rules by drivers and carelessness and negligence on the part of road users (jay walking). It is also due to enormous increase in number of vehicles on road. The accidents compensation commitment for STUs has gone up drastically from `104 crore in 2006-07 to `153 crore in the year 2010-11. With a view to save the precious lives, the Government accords importance to accident prevention measures to reduce road accidents.

Road Safety Fund

The Government has created a Road Safety Fund during the year 2000 to fund road safety activities. Allocations are made to the fund from compounding fees and spot fines collected by Transport and Police departments. A Committee constituted for the fund is chaired by the Home Secretary, GoTN.

Table 9.4.4: Number of Accidents and Persons Involved in Tamil Nadu

Year Type/Category Fatal Grievously Injured

Minor Injured

Non Injured

Total

2007 No. of accidents 11034 4498 39494 4114 59140Persons involved 12036 6873 64226 NA 83135

2008No. of accidents 11813 4426 39193 4977 60409Persons involved 12784 6696 63555 NA 83035




2012No. of accidents 15072 4851 44604 3230 67757persons involved 16175 6972 71376 NA 94523

Source: Dept. of Home, Prohibition and Excise, GoTN NA – Not Available

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• To download application forms for various services

• On line submission of applications for obtaining Learner’s Licence / Driving Licence by Driving Schools, obtaining Registration Certificate for Motor Vehicles by the Dealers and effecting Hire-Purchase Endorsements.

• To submit the application for the grant of National Permits and to issue National permits through Web Portal http://vahan.nic.in/npermit

• To book online appointments to visit Regional Transport Offices / Unit Offices for availing various services offered by the Department

• To register the grievances by the public for redressal

• To display the starting Registration Number in the Regional Transport Offices / Unit Office

Pollution Control Measures

To minimize the pollution, air "Pollution under control" certificate issued

by an agency authorized for this purpose by the State Government is mandatory for motor vehicles. In Chennai Metropolitan area, action is being taken to convert petrol driven auto rickshaws into Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) mode. Further, new permit are issued only for LPG driven auto-rickshaws.

Performance of Eleventh Plan

The Eleventh Plan outlay for the Transport sector was `974.50 crore. A major share of `539.02 crore was allocated to State Transport Corporations for purchase of new buses and `272.50 crore as share capital assistance to State Transport Corporations/Undertakings. The expenditure incurred during the eleventh plan under this sector was `1205 crore.

During this period, 15530 new buses were purchased, as against the target of 11,000 buses. The physical performance indicators of State Transport Undertakings during the Eleventh plan is given in Table 9.4.5.

Table 9.4.5: Physical Performance of STUs during the Eleventh Plan

S.No. Particulars 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

1 Fleet Utilisation (%) 93.58 94.15 95.35 94.39 94.42

2 Km/Bus/Day 442 445 450 452 448

3 Km Efficiency( %) 103.70 104.20 104.61 104.04 103.51

4 Occupancy Ratio (%) 84.25 84.16 86.43 89.87 87.73

5 Accident/ 100000 Km 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.25 0.22

6 Average Fuel Performance 5.03 5.13 5.25 5.25 5.25

7 Replacement of Buses/ Augmentation

4183 3185 1824 3079 2266

8 Passengers carried per day (crore)

1.85 1.96 2.04 2.08 2.08

9 Men/Bus 6.96 6.60 6.61 6.69 6.40

Source: Policy Note, Dept. of Transport, GoTN

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Objectives

• To provide safe, efficient, affordable and modern transport choices to people

• Capacity augmentation, quality and productivity improvements through technology upgradation and modernization

• To integrate the existing public transport with the Chennai metro

• To establish an elaborate Mono Rail Network connecting various parts of Chennai

• To introduce e-ticketing and mobile ticketing through Online Ticket Reservation System (OTRS)

• Increased emphasis on safety, energy efficiency, environment conservation and social impact

Twelfth Five Year Plan SchemesState Transport Undertakings

The State desires to ensure a state-wide all-inclusive multi modal transportation network to support the growth potential of all economic activities, keeping in mind the rapid industrialization and urbanization of the State. It is proposed to scale up the GPS based Vehicle Tracking and Passenger Information System for the buses in the State. During the Twelfth Five Year Plan it is proposed to purchase 15000 buses. Route rationalization, better maintenance practices at depot levels, etc., will contribute to increased productivity of STU’s. Hence, an outlay of `1691 crore will be provided as Share capital assistance during the Twelfth Plan. The physical target of STUs during Twelfth Plan is given in Table 9.4.6.

Table 9.4.6: Physical Target of State Transport Undertakings for Twelfth Plan

Year Fleet strength New buses to be put on Road

Occupancy Ratio (%)

Utilization of Buses (%)

Staff/Bus

2012-13 21267 3000 87.73 94.83 6.44

2013-14 21416 3000 88.00 95.07 6.49

2014-15 21566 3000 89.00 95.46 6.47

2015-16 21718 3000 90.00 95.56 6.47

2016-17 21870 3000 91.00 95.75 6.47

Source: Working Group Report, Dept. of Transport, GoTN

Online Electronic Ticketing Machines for Tamil Nadu STUs

To computerize the pre-printed ticketing system in STUs, GPRS based Online Electronic Ticketing Machines is being deployed in the STUs. It is a web-based system. A Central Control Centre is to be created at MTC, Chennai. Ticket sales will be sent to the server when a conductor issues a ticket. Tickets sales in terms of collection,

passenger loading can be known at any point of time on real time basis. The scheme comprises of procurement of 5000 online ETMs, creation of ETM infrastructure at 250 depots, 19 Regions and 6 Divisions and creation of Central Control Centre. To scale-up the ongoing Online Electronic Ticketing Machines for STUs, the State has proposed to procure 40000 Electronic Ticketing Machines at a total cost of `52 crore during the Plan period.

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Commercial exploitation under Public Private Partnership mode in Transport Corporations

The sites identified for Commercial exploitation by the State Transport Undertakings will be utilized to generate additional revenue for the Corporations through Public Private Partnership mode.These sites will be developed in such a way that the facilities in the existing depots will be upgraded, while providing for commercial space. Some of the location of sites identified are T.Nagar and Tiruvanmiyur depot in Chennai, Vikravandi, Ulundurpet, Tiruchirapalli bus stand, Salem old bus stand, Madurai Periyar bus stand, Salem old bus stand and Bypass branch Vannarpettai in Tirunelveli.

GPS Based Vehicle Tracking and Control System

It is proposed to scale up the GPS based Vehicle Tracking and Passenger Information System for 4120 buses in Tamil Nadu. An outlay of `18.69 crore is proposed during Twelfth five year plan.

Mini Bus Scheme

There are more than 27,000 stage carriages operated by the State Transport Undertakings and Private Operators throughout the State. These transport facilities cover both rural and urban areas. Apart from this, public transport system, recognizing the transportation need of rural/village areas, “Mini Bus Service Scheme” was introduced in the year 1997 and operated by the private individuals.

The Government, after modifying the old scheme, formulated a State wide new comprehensive mini bus scheme. Mini buses were permitted to operate without any restriction in rural areas to serve the people of villages/ hamlets/ habitations which have a population of 100 or more families so as to

enable them to reach the nearest bus stand of nearest town or city where adequate bus services are provided to various places.

Also, the Metropolitan Transport Corporation has proposed to introduce 100 mini buses in Chennai, which will be operated in the areas where transport facilities are not available. This service will link commuters to the major bus stands and railway stations.

Monorail Mass Transit System

In order to ease the increasing traffic congestion in the city, reduce the travel time and accidents in the metropolis and to provide a reliable and comfortable Public Transportation System, it has been decided to introduce Mono Rail Mass Rapid Transit System in Chennai.

Monorails of the latest technology are extremely safe, occupy less than a square metre space, quick to construct and cause minimal disruption during construction. Moreover for implementation of this project the land acquisition is very minimal. Four corridors for Monorail operation have been identified for 111 km and work will be taken up in a phased manner. Monorail will function with a capacity of 20,000 pphpd (persons per hour per direction i.e, a single direction during peak hours).

Box 9.4.1: Monorail Mass Transit System

• First phase consists of three corridors (57 km): Vandalur to Velachery via Tambaram East; Poonamallee to Kathipara via Porur; and Poonamallee to Vadapalani via Valasaravakkam.

• Second phase (54 km) : Fourth corridor connecting Vandalur and Puzhal.

• No Grid Power required for operation, environment friendly and cost efficient

Source: Policy Note 2012-13, Transport Dept., GoTN.

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The project will be implemented through the Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) model. The State will also undertake investigation for introduction of Monorail System in other corporations like, Coimbatore, Madurai and Trichy in due course. The State-run Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Chennai) Ltd (MTC) is the nodal agency to develop the monorail system. A sum of ̀ 2002 crore has been allotted as State share for the preliminary expenses for twelfth five year plan.

Other New Initiatives in State Transport Undertakings

• Introducing Volvo AC buses from all district headquarters to Chennai

• e-Ticketing and mobile ticketing have been introduced in 2011 to provide anytime anywhere reservation facility to the passengers who are utilizing the long distance bus services

• e-Auction is being implemented in State Transport Undertakings which will help to obtain best prices for the condemned buses

• For better convenience of the passengers during the journey, quality services have been provided at motels located enroute long distance buses with additional bus parking facility, drinking water, modernized kitchen and dining hall

• Provision of emergency Exit for the

Fig.9.4.2: Monorail Mass Transit System

Passengers in all SETC new buses in case of accidents

• Lift facilities in buses for differently-abled persons for which Tamil Nadu has been a model State in providing this facility.

• Provision of crew rest room all over the State

• Improvement of 286 Depots in Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporations.

• Re-organisation of the eight state transport undertakings into ten State Transport Undertakings for better functioning

Motor Vehicles Maintenance Department

During Twelfth Plan, the schemes proposed are computerization of the activities of unit workshops and creation of website for Motor Vehicles Maintenance Department, integrating the unit workshops with Headquarters through Wide Area Network to ensure effective control mechanism, disposal of condemned vehicles through e-auction, restructuring the workshop layout to meet out the present environment, conducting regular training programmes to impart training to the personnel on the new generation vehicles to update their knowledge and skill and for strengthening the department for better performance, active supervision and control.

As hi-tech vehicles have been introduced, it is necessary to modernize the

Fig.9.4.3: Lift facilities in buses for differently-abled persons

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Government Central Automobile Workshop on par with private authorized dealer workshops, to provide quality service to upgrade the available facilities and to improve the technical skill of the personnel through proper training with tools and plants. Hence for modernization of regional workshops and for imparting skill development, a sum of `23 crore is proposed. Further, it is proposed to open new automobile workshops at newly formed districts at a cost of `33 crore. The total outlay proposed for all the schemes of the MVMD department during the Twelfth Five Year Plan is `91.40 crore.

State Transport Authority

Modernisation of Checkposts

There are 19 check posts functioning on the borders of the neighbouring States and one check post at Poonamallee is functioning within the State specially intended to monitor the movement of incoming vehicles from Bangalore (Karnataka) and Chittoor (Andhra Pradesh) via various diversion routes. At present eight Check posts have been computerized using "Vahan" and "Sarathi" customized software. The above Check posts have been provided with Broadband connectivity and the interlinking of check posts is under progress.

A sum of `79.77 crore has been proposed towards modernization of the check posts at Pethikuppam in Tamil Nadu –Andhra Pradesh Border. It will be an integrated check post for all departments viz. Transport, Commercial Tax, Police, Forest and Prohibition Excise, etc. After implementation, 100 percent checking will be made at the Check posts and state revenue is expected to increase significantly.

Autorickshaws to Unemployed Youth under Self-Employment Scheme

Auto rickshaws shall be given to the unemployed youth under Subsidy Scheme for self-employment at an outlay of `6.25 crore during the Twelfth Plan.

e-Payment

e-Payment through the web portal of the Transport Department is ready for launching. Once this System is introduced, the dealers could make online payment of fees and taxes with respect to registration of new motor vehicles through net banking which will be extended to other services in a phased manner.

High Security Registration Plates (HSRP)

The Government of India amended the Central Motor Vehicles Rules in the year 2001 making it mandatory to fix High Security Registration Number Plates in the front and rear side of all motor vehicles. This was done mainly to discourage criminals to change/alter the number plates of the vehicles that are used for committing crimes. A HSRP cannot be removed and re-used. It has a unique snap lock, which ensures that the number plate is destroyed automatically, when it is tampered with or forcibly removed. These number plates can be fitted within the premises of the Regional Transport Offices and Unit Offices. As a safety measure, they have reflective sheeting and are visible over a relatively long distance. The implementation of this project for the new vehicles is in progress. Within two years of the implementation of the scheme, all the vehicles have to be fixed with HSRP.

Smart Cards

The Smart Card project has been implemented on a pilot basis in three Regional Transport Offices namely, Chennai (South), Cuddalore and Sivagangai, in order to ensure and put in place a quicker, convenient and more purposeful process for obtaining Driving License and Registration Certificates. It is proposed to extend this project to cover all the regional transport offices/Unit Offices throughout the State.

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Urban Transportation

Effective urban transport enhances productivity and growth of the economy. It covers two broad modes – private and public transport. Public transport is more energy efficient and empowers poor by making access to economic opportunities easier. Urban transport system helps to improve urban-rural linkages and improve access of rural/ semi-urban population in periphery to city centres for the purpose of supply of labour without proliferation of slums. The objectives of urban transport initiatives are to ensure easy accessiblity, safe, affordable, quick comfortable, reliable and sustainable mobility for all. The Twelfth Five Year Plan will address the above issues with a mission mode approach. The core strategies are as follows:

• Improve quality and accessibility of public transportation, walking and cycling facilities, safety and public space

• Restrict usage of private motor vehicle and their impact on the physical environment and air quality

• Manage land use to complement the above two strategies

• Increase the fleet and improve service quality of bus services in Chennai metro and other smaller cities and towns

• Introduction of a formal performance management system in city bus services and route rationalization should become an ongoing process once or twice a year based on performance indicators

• Deploy methods of effective monitoring and enforcement to ensure that the programmes, function as intended and result in the goals that have been set

• Para transit entrepreneurs can be encouraged in areas not serviced or inadequately served by formal public transport to cooperate and feed passengers into mass rapid transit systems which is a complementary service to the region’s core public transport systems

Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS)

BRTS is a high quality customer oriented public transport that delivers fast, comfortable and low cost urban mobility to all. BRT is a successful system of good street design and infrastructure (Stations, Terminals, Depots) with complementing bus fleet. Some of the key features of BRT are dedicated central bus lanes, step-less passenger entry / exit, fare collection at Stations (off board fare collection), centrally located stations, distinctive buses with special features, reliable service with real-time customer information.

It is proposed that implementation of BRT in Chennai would be taken up in phases. A few key details of Phase-1 are given in the Table 9.4.7.

Table 9.4.7: Bus Rapid Transport Corridor in Chennai

(in km.)

S.No. BRT Corridor(Phase 1A & 1B)

Length

1 Tambaram - Saidapet 18.50

2 GST road junction - Thoraipakkam

10.60

3 Siruseri - Saidapet 24.80

4 CMBT - Madhavaram 12.40

5 Ambattur - Thirumangalam 7.70

6 Poonamallee- CMBT 14.00

Total 88.00

Source: Working Group Report, Dept. of Transport, GoTN

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Two types of buses will be required for Phase-1 A and 1B. Approximately 300 of them will have to be 18m long articulated (also called vestibule buses) and 130 buses of standard length (12m) type. These buses are of special specifications and are different from regular city buses.

BRT systems in cities like Coimbatore, Madurai, Tiruchirappalli, Salem and Tirupur will be implemented during the Twelfth Plan.

Chennai Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority

To monitor all aspects of transportation in the Chennai City in tune with the National Urban Transport Policy, the Government has constituted the Chennai Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority (CUMTA) under the Executive Committee headed by Chief Secretary. The basic purpose of CUMTA is to achieve integration of all modes of transport (Public Transport viz., buses, Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) sub-urban rail, mono-rail and metro rail) in the city to provide seamless travel facility to the passengers across the entire network. It is expected to facilitate a common ticketing system for all modes of Public transport.

Modernisation and expansion of airports

The Airport Authority of India has undertaken the expansion and modernization of Chennai Airport. The State Government have been extending full co-operation and conducting co-ordination meeting with concerned department for early completion of this project. For the expansion and modernization of the non-metro airports in Tamil Nadu land is required. Necessary action is taken to provide land in Coimbatore, Madurai, Tiruchirapalli and Thoothukudi for the expansion and modernization of the existing airports.

Inland Water Transport Services (IWT)

Inland Water Transport for passenger and freight movement involves lower operating cost and environmental pollution than road, rail or air options. It accounts for 0.15 percent of domestic surface transport, 30 percent of rail transport and 68 percent road transport.

The advantages of Inland Water Transport (IWT) are environment friendly mode of transportation, carbon dioxide emission by IWT is less than half of road transport over distance of more than 150 km, cost effective, fuel-efficient and energy efficient mode of transport for bulk cargo, over dimensional cargo and hazardous goods, IWT routes use existing rivers / canals and hence they do not require substantial land acquisition. Therefore, the cost of development of waterway per km is about 10 percent of the cost of developing an equivalent four-lane expressway or railway and the maintenance cost of inland waterways is potentially, of the order of 20 percent that of road and waterways provide port connectivity to a vast underdeveloped hinterland which will enable the inland water transport services to decongest of roads. It can also share the burden of railways in transportation of bulk cargo.

Some of the limitations of Inland Water Transport are that they are more suited for non perishable and bulk cargo, it requires extra handling compared to road as most points of origin and destinations of bulk cargo are located at some distance away from the waterways, cross structures such as bridges have been built across many waterways with very little air clearance making them practically non- navigable.

In Tamil Nadu, the major waterway is the Buckingham Canal connecting the states of Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. This is part of National Water ways-4 and this waterway assumes importance due to its connectivity to important Ports like Ennore, Krishnapattinam and Kakinada.

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Development of Inland Water Transport: potential rivers/ canals/ reservoirs/ dams for inland water transport development in Tamil Nadu

The potential rivers/ canals for inland water transport development are the Buckingham Canal (National Waterway-4), Cooum River, Adyar River, Araniyar, Vedharanyam Canal, Palar River, Otteri Nallah, Koraiyyaru and Ananda Victoria Marthandam (AVM) canal.Though navigation existed on the above waterways, traffic study is a must for assessing the potential cargo that may use the waterway. Hence, techno - economic feasibility studies involving hydrographic survey and traffic survey is recommended for all waterways during the Twelfth Five Year Plan.

The reservoirs/ dams in Tamil Nadu are Amaravathi, Bhavanisagar, Krishnagiri, Manimuthar, Mettur, Papanasam, Aliyar, Sathanur and Vagai. The dams/reservoirs cover vast area, particularly in the hilly region where no transport facilities are available. Introduction of small passenger vessels of carrying capacity of about 25 persons will be of great help to people living in hilly region.

Many of smaller waterways in the States are also the tributaries of National Water ways and hence can act as feeder routes to the NWs providing a good network of waterways with closer access to origin/destination for the cargo.

As the State Government does not have adequate financial resources and organizational set up/expertise, the development of this was not given priority due to which the development of non-NWs remained totally neglected for many decades. To obviate this situation, Centrally Sponsored Scheme that was in existence during the Tenth Plan should be re-introduced for development of this sector in the State. The Inland vessel operations are to be regulated as per the provision of Inland vessel Act 1917 and Tamil Nadu Maritime Board could play an important role in this regard.

During the Twelfth Plan, a sum of `1 crore is proposed as a State share for the

development of the Inland Water Transport.


An outlay of `3942.11 crore is proposed for Surface and Inland Water Transport Services sector for the Twelfth Five Year Plan. Scheme wise outlays are shown in Table 9.4.8.

Table 9.4.8: Twelfth Plan Outlay - Surface and Inland Water Transport

Services (` crore)

S. No.

Schemes Outlay

I Ongoing Schemes

1 Motor Vehicles Maintenance Department

35.40

2 Share Capital Assistance for Transport Corporations

500.00

3 Auto rickshaw to unemployed youth under self Employment Scheme

6.25

Total - Ongoing Schemes 541.65II New Schemes 1 Share Capital Assistance for

purchase of new buses 1191.00

2 Modernisation and Upgradation of Regional Workshops/ Offices

23.00

3 Opening of new Automobile Workshops at newly formed district (11 District `3.00 crore each)

33.00

4 Assistance to deployment of Online Electronic Ticketing Machines in STUs

52.00

5 Assistance to deployment of GPS based Vehicle Tracking and Passenger System for STUs

18.69

6 Mono Rail Mass Transit System 2002.00

7 Modernized check posts at Pethikuppam

79.77

8 Development of Inland Water Transport

1.00

Total - New Schemes 3400.46Grand Total 3942.11

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9.5 PUBLIC WORKS (BUILDINGS)

Overview

The Buildings Organization of the Public Works Department undertakes building activities like planning, designing and construction of public building and allied works of various government departments. The services of this organization are also utilized by the central government undertakings, corporations and universities. Apart from renovation and restoration of the heritage buildings, also maintains the capital assets of the Government buildings, monuments and memorials.

The Buildings Organization of the Public Works Department functions under the control of the Engineer-in-Chief (Buildings) with 3 Regions,13 circles and 50 divisions for carrying out civil works and electrical works. A separate architectural wing is functioning under the control of the Chief Architect to

Table 9.5.1: PWD-Buildings - Eleventh Plan Outlay and Expenditure (` crore)

S. No. Schemes Outlay Budgeted Outlay Expenditure

1 Spill over works 35.00 35.00 35.00

2 Construction of Office Buildings for Revenue Department

35.00 134.30 35.00

3 Construction of Office Buildings for Commercial Tax Department

10.00 -

4 Construction of Office Buildings, Quarters, Inspection Bungalow for PWD and other departments, establishing Construction Academy, provision of computers and revamping of quality control mechanism for Public Works Department

47.49 41.54 33.31

5 Construction of Courts/Quarters for Judicial Department

250.00 242.83 179.14

6 Construction of Hospitals, PHCs by Health Department

10.80 866.63 754.02

incorporate good architectural features in the buildings constructed by this Organisation. The Buildings Organization has also been entrusted with Tsunami Reconstruction works.

Performance of the Eleventh Plan

During the Eleventh Five Year Plan period, the Buildings Organisation constructed buildings for the use of departments like Revenue, PWD, Prison, Health, and Judicial. The financial outlay for the Eleventh Five Year Plan was ̀ 688.28 crore with a budgeted outlay of `1997.04 crore, of which an expenditure of `1622.84 crore was incurred. Almost all the proposed schemes in respect of the building sector were taken up and completed. Spill over works of `56.53 crore are in progress. The detailed break-up of expenditure incurred is indicated below in Table 9.5.1.

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Table 9.5.1: PWD-Buildings - Eleventh Plan Outlay and Expenditure (Contd.) (` crore)

S.No. Schemes Outlay Budgeted Outlay Expenditure

7 Construction of Prison etc for Home Department 55.33 11.82 9.59

8 New Legislative Assembly Building 218.70 628.75 544.91

9 Construction works under Tsunami Relief Programme 15.96 22.11 21.48

10 Provision for Government/ Public Heritage Buildings Maintenance, Restoration and rehabilitation

10.00 14.06 10.39

TOTAL 688.28 1997.04 1622.84

Source: Buildings Organisation, Dept. of Public Works, GoTN

Physical Achievements of the Eleventh Five Year Plan Period Schemes

During the Eleventh Five Year Plan, a number of major building works for various departments were taken up as detailed below:

Public Works Department

Additional circuit house with four suites at Vellore, Tirunelveli and five suites

at Tiruvarur and inspection bungalow with two suites at Kadaladi , Nagercoil, Palani, Mannarkudi and construction of circuit house at Ariyalur were completed during this period.

Judicial

Buildings including construction of combined court buildings and quarters for judicial officers were taken up and completed during this period. Construction of building for law officers in High Court campus, Chennai at a cost of `5.70 crore is to be commenced. Construction of 272 quarters for officers and staff members of Madurai Bench of Madras High Court at Madurai at a cost of ` 24.75 crore is in progress. Combined court buildings and judicial officers quarters in 15 places were completed at a cost of `69.92 crore. Combined court buildings and judges quarters in 29 places at a cost of `139.45 crore is under progress.

Health and Family Welfare Department

Construction of building for new Government Medical College and Hospital at Tiruvarur, Villupuram, Dharmapuri, construction of surgical block for Royapettah Government Hospital, Chennai and Fig.9.5.1: Platinum Jubilee Tower, Mettur Dam

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construction of additional buildings for Government Medical College and Hospital, Chennai (Phase II) were completed. Buildings for Medical college at Sivagangai at a cost of `97.00 crore were taken up and the building in Phase I are in advanced stage of completion. Construction of additional building for Madras Medical College at a cost of `56.63 crore, Construction of medical and surgical block at Government Medical College, Chengalpattu at a cost of `14.50 crore, Construction of building for Centre of Excellence at Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Egmore, Chennai at a cost of `56.32 crore, the works for construction of cancer treatment centre at Royapettah hospital for `17.00 crore and Construction of multistoried building for dental college, Chennai at a cost of `20.63 crore are in progress.

Fire and Rescue DepartmentConstruction of fire station buildings at

8 places in Thandarampattu, Omalur, Arani, Kuttalam, Cumbum, Thiruthuraipoondi, Thuckalai and Oddanchatram were completed during this period.

Revenue DepartmentConstruction of new collectorate

building at Salem, construction of quarters for District Revenue Officers at Tiruvannamalai, Nagapattinam, Krishnagiri, Uthagamandalam, Dindigul, Palani, Lalgudi, Athur, Thiruchendur, Ramanathapuram Maduranthagam and Ariyalur, additional building to the collectorate at Dharmapuri, Trichy, were completed during this period. Construction of taluk office building at Kovilpatti, Thenkasi, Tirunelveli and Ambasamudram at a cost of `7.51 crore is in progress.

Twelfth Five Year PlanIn the Twelfth Five Year Plan, thrust

will be given to strengthening the PWD as follows

• In order to strengthen the PWD, suitable network will be provided for Management Information System by evolving appropriate softwares for

architectural plans, estimation, design, tender documents, budgeting, execution (PERT CHART), monitoring the progress and completion of works, accounting and auditing system, and establishment etc. by providing necessary infrastructure facilities from grass root level to top level.

• All the functions of PWD will be standardized and made transparent by this Management Information System.

In view of the above objectives, the following schemes are included in the Twelfth Five Year Plan

Schemes for the Twelfth Five Year PlanSpill over Work

The spill over works of the Eleventh Five Year Plan will be taken up with an outlay of `37.00 crore.

New Schemes Construction of Office Buildings for Revenue Department:

Construction of collectorate building, taluk offices, DRO offices, tashildar quarters and other additional buildings at Tiruppur, Thanjavur, Cuddalore, Lalgudi, Polur, Vedasandur, Kuttalam, Mettur, Jayamkondam, Attur, Sivagangai, Virudhunagar, Thanjavur, Sulur, Udumalpet, Tambaram and Thiruvannamalai at a total cost of `200 crore are proposed.

Law / Judicial Department

Construction of National Law School at Srirangam in Trichy district, Combined court buildings and quarters at Maduranthagam, Cheyyar, Gingee, Villupuram, Tittakudi, Perundurai, Pudukottai, Nagapattinam, Nannilam, Orathanadu, Omalur, Erode, Perambalur, Karur, Jayamkondam, Kodumudi, Keeranur, Thuraiyur, Perambalur, Salem, Krishnagiri, Pattukottai, Denkanikottai, Thiruthuraipoondi, Boothapandi, Cheramahdevi, Vilathikulam, Ramnad, Ilayankudi and Periyakulam are proposed.

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Construction of Buildings for Government Hospitals and Primary Health Centres

An amount of `25 crore is proposed for construction of Primary Health Centres and hospitals at various places. Major outlay for the construction of PHCs and Hospitals are to be proposed under the Health Sector.

Construction of Office Buildings for Public Works Department:

Construction of "C" type Government quarters (700 Nos. in 7 blocks) at Todhunter Nagar Saidapet, Chennai and construction of circuit houses, inspection bungalow and office buildings at various places will be taken up. Apart from above, various staff quarters will be reconstructed based on the request. Further, in line with Solar Energy Policy-2012, it is proposed to install solar power plants of various capacities in the circuit houses and inspection bungalows in the State in a phased manner.

Table 9.5.2: Twelfth Plan Outlay - Public Works (Buildings)

(` crore)

S.No. Department Outlay

On going Schemes

1 Spill over works 37.00

New Schemes

1 Revenue 200.00

2 Law 50.00

3 Judicial 75.00

4 Health & Family Welfare 25.00

5 Public Works 70.00

TOTAL 457.00

9-energy

Documents

tamil nadu generation

power sector

power projects

government of tamil

augmenting power

power consumption

power generation capacity

quality power increases