UNITUNIT

9 Nouns

318

Lesson 9.1 Common and Proper Nouns 319

Lesson 9.2 Singular and Plural Nouns 321

Lesson 9.3 Possessive Nouns 323

Grammar Review 325

Writing Application 331

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Common and Proper Nouns A noun is a word that names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.

There are two basic kinds of nouns: common nouns and propernouns.

A common noun names any person, place, thing, or idea.

A proper noun names a specific person, place, thing, or idea.

A proper noun may consist of one or more words. You shouldalways begin a proper noun with a capital letter. For proper nouns ofmore than one word, capitalize the first word and all other importantwords. Some examples of proper nouns are listed below.

9.2 Singular and Plural Nouns

Johnny DeppMariah CareyDanica Patrick

actorsingerathlete

Tower of LondonTucsonNile

buildingcityriver

MatildaPirates of the CaribbeanThis Land Is Your Land

bookmoviesong

People

Places

Things

Common Noun Proper Noun

brother, judge, athlete, teacher, mother-in-lawPersons

neighborhood, county, cityPlaces

book, shoe, flower, pencilThings

pride, skill, truth, democracy, successIdeas

Nouns

9.1 Common and Proper Nouns 319

9.19.1

Nouns

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Exercise 1 Identifying Nouns

Write every noun that each sentence contains.

1. Historians trace the origin of the game of tennis to France.2. The modern outdoor game of tennis probably evolved from an indoor game.3. In the past, people hit the ball with their hands instead of rackets.4. Walter Wingfield improved the game.5. Mr. Wingfield patented his form of tennis more than a century ago.6. Eventually the game became known as lawn tennis.7. The first rackets were made of wood.8. Later, people used aluminum or fiberglass.9. Now some rackets are made of titanium.

10. Many players have a favorite racket they always use during important games.

Exercise 2 Identifying Common and Proper Nouns

Write each noun in the following sentences. Label the common nouns C and the proper nouns P.

1. Both youngsters and older people play in tournaments.2. The United States Tennis Association sponsors contests for amateurs.3. Matches for players also take place in Great Britain, France, and Australia.4. The games at Wimbledon in England are very popular.5. International teams compete for a special trophy, the Davis Cup.

Exercise 3 Using Proper Nouns

Write the proper nouns in each sentence. Use capital letters.

1. Many thousands of people attend the U.S. Open tournament in flushingmeadows, new york, each year.

2. The u.s. open is one of four tournaments that are called the Grand Slam.3. Players from all over the world also compete in the french open, the british

open, and the australian open.4. Martina navratilova was a top player for twenty years.5. Before martina retired in 1994, she won many tournaments, in singles and

doubles, but winning at Wimbledon was the most special.

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Singular and Plural NounsA singular noun names one person, place, thing, or idea. A

plural noun names more than one. To form the plural of most nouns,you simply add -s. Other plural nouns are formed in different ways.

Words such as family and team are called collective nouns.

A collective noun names a group of people or things.

A collective noun can take either a singular or a plural verb,depending on how it is used. The noun is singular when all themembers of the group act as a single unit. It is plural when eachmember of the group acts separately.

The team shares the field with its opponent. [singular]The team share their jokes with each other. [plural]

Add -es. bus buzz boxbuses buzzes boxes

cameo studio stereocameos studios stereos

hero potato echoheroes potatoes echoes

day donkey turkeydays donkeys turkeys

leaf life half leaves lives halves

roof chief beliefroofs chiefs beliefs

city dairy pennycities dairies pennies

Add -s.

Usually add -es.

Add -s.

Usually change -y to -i, and add -es.

Usually change -fto -v, and add -es.

Sometimes add -s.

Sometimes add -s.

-s, -ss, -zz, -ch, -sh, -x

-o, preceded by avowel

-o, preceded by aconsonant

-y, preceded by avowel

-y, preceded by aconsonant

-f or -fe

Forming Plural Nouns Nouns Ending With To Form Plural Nouns Ending With To Form Plural

zero photo pianozeros photos pianos

Examples Examples

9.2 Singular and Plural Nouns 321

9.29.2

Nouns

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Exercise 4 Identifying Plural Noun Forms

Write the correct form of the noun in parentheses.

1. My father loves to tell funny baseball (stories, storys).2. He said that at one game the first four (benchs, benches) in the stadium

collapsed.3. The (spectatores, spectators) crashed to the ground and were covered with

mud, but no one was hurt!4. The umpires were the (heros, heroes) at that game.5. They interrupted the game so that the fans could clean (themselves,

themselfs) off.

Exercise 5 Forming Plural Nouns

Write the plural form of each singular noun.

1. radish 6. ant 11. bush 16. volcano2. box 7. banana 12. bus 17. radio3. cherry 8. horseshoe 13. baby 18. self4. watch 9. loaf 14. piano 19. mosquito5. country 10. valley 15. echo 20. knife

Exercise 6 Identifying Collective Nouns

Write each collective noun and label it S for singular or P for plural. Pay closeattention to the verb.

1. The volleyball club meets after school.2. Each volleyball team has six players.3. The group take their individual positions.4. The committee discuss their reactions.5. Our class watches the volleyball match.6. The school band plays at every game.7. Our family arrive at the stadium at different times.8. The crowd is always friendly at the games.9. The team share their feelings about each game at the end.

10. The coaching staff also meet after each game to discuss their strategies.

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Possessive NounsA noun that shows ownership or possession is called a possessive

noun. Possessive nouns, like all nouns, can be singular or plural.

A possessive noun names who or what has something.

Notice the possessive nouns in the following sentences.

The World Cup is the amateur skiers competition.A prize is awarded for the outstanding mens achievement.The womens division also awards a prize.

The following chart shows how to form possessives from singular and plural nouns.

When you are writing, remember that possessive nouns alwayscontain apostrophes. Plural nouns do not.

Distinguishing Between Possessive Nouns and Plural Nouns

9.3 Possessive Nouns 323

9.39.3

Nouns

Singular possessive noun Where is the athletes school?

Plural possessive noun Where is the athletes school?

Plural noun Where are the athletes?

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Exercise 7 Identifying Possessive Nouns

Write each possessive noun and label it S for singular or Pfor plural.

1. The Fdration Internationale du Ski is an amateursorganization.

2. The World Ski Championships are a skiers goal.3. A committee reviews all entrants applications.4. It considers skiers qualifications for the races.5. The committees guidelines for amateur status are very strict.

Exercise 8 Using Singular and Plural Possessives

Write the possessive form of the noun in parentheses.

1. The (sport) history began thousands of years ago.2. Each (person) skis were made of animal bone.3. Leather straps held the (skier) boots to the skis.4. Many (skiers) toe straps came loose.5. One (historian) discoveries include skis from Sweden.6. The (skis) ages ranged from 2,500 to 5,000 years.7. In Norway a (soldier) means of travel was skiing.8. A (Norwegian) skis were for both cross-country and downhill skiing.9. The (men) cross-country speed record was broken by Bill Koch.

10. (Koch) average speed was 15.57 miles per hour.

Exercise 9 Forming Possessive Nouns

Copy and complete the chart, adding the possessive forms.

SINGULAR SINGULAR PLURAL PLURALNOUN POSSESSIVE NOUN POSSESSIVE

1. woman women2. Ms. Smith the Smiths3. child children4. senior seniors5. family families

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Grammar Review 325

Grammar ReviewGrammar ReviewUNIT 9UNIT 9

N O U N S

Black Star, Bright Dawn by Scott ODell is about a young Inuit woman namedBright Dawn who enters the Iditarod, a sled dog race. The race covers more thana thousand snow-covered miles between Anchorage and Nome, Alaska. The passage below shows some of the kinds of nouns covered in this unit.

Nouns

Literature Model

from Black Star, Bright Dawnby Scott ODell

We left the forest and were now in open country,with far-off hills on the horizon and a moon. Astrong headwind was blowing, but the temperature waswell above zero. I took off my parka and gloves andopened my sweater. Still I was warm.

The slick runners made whispering sounds. The dogsran together in long, loping strides. They made scarcelya sound in the snow. They were tired. I didnt pushthem. The moon and the hills became a hazy blur.

I began to nod once more. I was drifting down abroad river filled with salmon. Their golden scales glittered in the moonlight. They were leaping out of thewater. They were trying to tell me somethingone wordover and over.

The dream suddenly faded. Again I was on a sled,moving through the night. I glanced over my shoulder.A team had slipped up behind me. The mushers lampsent out a blinking glare. It was Oteg.

Trail! he shouted. Trail!I pulled my dogs over and let him pass.

CommonCommonnounnoun

Proper Proper nounnoun

PossessivePossessivenounnoun

CollectiveCollectivenounnoun

Plural nounPlural noun

Singular Singular nounnoun

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326 Unit 9 Nouns

Grammar ReviewGrammar ReviewN

ouns

Review: Exercise 1 Using Common Nouns

Rewrite each sentence, correcting the capitalization of common and propernouns.

SAMPLE Bright Dawn chose her dog black star to lead her Team of dogs in the iditarod.

ANSWER Bright Dawn chose her dog Black Star to lead her team of dogs in the Iditarod.

1. The team raced from anchorage on the gulf of alaska to nome on the bering sea.

2. The temperature rose as the inuit woman mushed across alaskas lonely,open Wilderness.

3. As bright dawn raced over the moonlit Landscape, she became sleepy.4. Bright Dawn dreamed of golden Salmon leaping from a broad River.5. A Racer named oteg, who had befriended the young woman, woke her.

Review: Exercise 2 Using Proper Nouns

Replace the underlined words with proper nouns. Use the information andthe literature model on page 325 to help you.

SAMPLE An author wrote Black Star, Bright Dawn.ANSWER Scott ODell wrote Black Star, Bright Dawn.

1. The state is cold for much of the year.2. The race was between Anchorage and another city.3. The race is one of the most dangerous races in the world.4. The girl was in danger of freezing to death.5. Her dog led the team.

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Grammar Review 327

Grammar ReviewGrammar ReviewN

ouns

Review: Exercise 3 Forming Plural Nouns

Write the plural form of the noun in parentheses.

SAMPLE The real (hero) of the Iditarod are the dogs.ANSWER The real heroes of the Iditarod are the dogs.

1. (Husky) are the dogs most often used to pull sleds.2. The (life) of these animals are devoted to the sport.3. Their (reflex) are quick, and their strength is amazing.4. They usually race over flat ground rather than hills or (valley).5. During the Iditarod, newspapers run many (photo) of these dogs and the

sleds they pull.

Review: Exercise 4 Using Collective Nouns

Write the correct form of the verb in parentheses.

SAMPLE Bright Dawns family (lives, live) in its home in the small villageof Womengo.

ANSWER lives

1. Her family (perform, performs) their daily activities.2. At school Bright Dawns class (studies, study) its English lesson.3. A team of dogs (helps, help) its owner, Bright Dawns father, hunt

for food.4. The team (scatters, scatter) in different directions when he drifts toward the

sea on an ice floe.5. A group of men (does, do) its best to save him.6. Bright Dawns family (are, is) supportive of one another.7. Because of the difficult journey, the team (was, were) tired.8. The team of dogs (struggle, struggles) on, listening for Bright Dawns

words of support.9. Another group (pull, pulls) its sled in front of Bright Dawn.

10. The crowd (was, were) surprised when it saw the winner was Bright Dawn.

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328 Unit 9 Nouns

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Review: Exercise 5 Forming Possessive Nouns

Write each possessive noun correctly.

SAMPLE Bright Dawns father encouraged her to enter the race.ANSWER Bright Dawns

1. The mens faces looked doubtful when the young woman announced shewould compete.

2. Bright Dawn depended on her one lead dogs guidance.3. Otegs advice also helped her during the race.4. The young womans lead was erased when she stopped to help

other mushers.5. Her parents eyes teared when Bright Dawn won.

Review: Exercise 6 Using Singular and Plural Possessive Nouns

Write a sentence using each of the following nouns in the possessive formshown in parentheses.

SAMPLE team (singular possessive)ANSWER The teams owner is Bright Dawn.

1. dog (singular possessive) 14. wilderness (singular possessive)2. woman (plural possessive) 15. race (singular possessive)3. class (singular possessive) 16. bear (singular possessive)4. group (plural possessive) 17. village (singular possessive)5. man (singular possessive) 18. doctor (plural possessive)6. skier (plural possessive) 19. family (plural possessive)7. snow (singular possessive) 20. journey (singular possessive)8. crowd (singular possessive) 21. newspaper (plural possessive)9. team (plural possessive) 22. river (singular possessive)

10. sled (plural possessive) 23. hill (plural possessive)11. Alaska (singular possessive) 24. moonlight (singular possessive)12. winner (plural possessive) 25. wolf (plural possessive)13. sport (singular possessive)

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Review: Exercise 7

ProofreadingThe following passage is about artist Rockwell Kent, whose workappears on this page. Rewrite the passage, correcting the errors inspelling, capitalization, grammar, and usage. Add any missingpunctuation marks. There are ten errors.

Rockwell Kent1Rockwell Kent (18821971) was an important american book

illustrator and landscape painter. 2Many of his paintings depicts theopen sea rugged mountains, and coastlines. 3Kent used these scenes toconvey peoples lonelyness.

Rockwell Kent, The Expedition (continued)

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330 Unit 9 Nouns

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4The artist visited alaska in 1918 and was inspired by the vast spaces near the Arctic Circle. 5Kents experiences resulted in The Expedition.6The painting, which depicts figures guiding their dogs and sleds, couldbe an illustration for Black Star, Bright Dawn. 7Its easy to imagine thelifes of these people.

Review: Exercise 8

Mixed ReviewWrite all the underlined nouns. Label each one common or proper,singular or plural, and possessive if it shows ownership.

SAMPLE Hikers respect natural resources.ANSWER Hikers common, plural

1. People hike on paths and trails across America.2. The Appalachian Trail goes through fourteen states.3. The campers gear must be light enough to be carried on their backs.4. Storms are the campers worst fear.5. My family hikes in the Berkshire Mountains in Massachusetts.6. Sleeping bags help provide a good nights sleep for a camper.7. Many camping stores supplies are limited.8. Tents protect campers from rain and wind.9. A tents usefulness depends on many factors.

10. Next year my class is going on a trip to the Rocky Mountains.11. We plan to travel by bus across the Midwest.12. The seventh grade will go too.13. The buses seats will be filled with suitcases.14. The classes are looking forward to the trip.15. To raise money, we have established West Middle Schools Dog and Car

Wash.

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Nouns in WritingIn her book Keepers and Creatures atthe National Zoo, Peggy Thomsondescribes zookeeper Kathy Wallacesdaily routine. In the passage below,the author describes the care of anelephants feet. Examine the passage,paying special attention to the itali-cized nouns.

Watchers from the railing cant seethe foot up close. They see the prob-ings with the pick or with the point ofthe ankus. They see Kathy using bothhands on a drawknife to cut away aslice of leathery, rubbery pad and thenanother. (It doesnt hurt the elephant.)And they hear the thunk of the sliceinto her bucket.

Techniques with NounsWhen you write and revise your ownwork, try to use nouns in some of theways Peggy Thomson does.

Whenever possible, re-place general words with precise concrete nouns.

GENERAL WORDS thing, tool

THOMSONS VERSION pick, ankus,drawknife

To identify people clearly in yourwriting, use proper nouns or spe-cific common nouns.

GENERAL WORDS woman, people

THOMSONS VERSION Kathy, watchers

Whenever possible, expand singlecommon nouns into longer wordgroups that create images ofdetails.

SINGLE NOUNS noise, sound

THOMSONS VERSION the thunk ofthe slice into her bucket

3

2

1

Writing ApplicationWriting Application

Writing Application 331

Nouns

Practice the techniques with nouns by revising the following passage. Usea separate sheet of paper. Pay particular attention to the underlined words.

On one day, our teacher took our class to a zoo. We took our school things andour food. The purpose of the visit was to study and compare the eating habits of dif-ferent animals. A person from the place first led us to the monkey place. A man fedthe animals. They peeled the food and ate as they swayed from one place to another.Then we went to observe the big cats. Lunchtime in their place was quite different.They were serious as they tore apart their food. These animals were not thinkingabout play. Later we ate our own food.

PracticePractice

For more aboutmaking goodword choices, seeTIME Facing theBlank Page, pages9697.

Writing OnlineFor more grammar practice, go to glencoe.comand enter QuickPass code WC67666p2.

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http://www.glencoe.com

Glencoe Literature: Writer's Choice, Grade 6Book OverviewPart 1: CompositionUnit 1: Personal WritingUnit 2: The Writing ProcessTIME: Facing the Blank PageUnit 3: Descriptive WritingUnit 4: Narrative WritingUnit 5: Expository WritingUnit 6: Persuasive WritingUnit 7: TroubleshooterBusiness and Technical Writing

Part 2: Grammar, Usage, and MechanicsUnit 8: Subjects, Predicates, and SentencesUnit 9: NounsUnit 10: VerbsUnit 11: PronounsUnit 12: AdjectivesUnit 13: AdverbsUnit 14: Prepositions, Conjunctions, and InterjectionsUnit 15: Subject-Verb AgreementUnit 16: Glossary of Special Usage ProblemsUnit 17: Diagraming SentencesUnit 18: CapitalizationUnit 19: PunctuationUnit 20: Sentence Combining

Part 3: Resources and SkillsUnit 21: Library and Reference ResourcesUnit 22: Vocabulary and SpellingUnit 23: Study SkillsUnit 24: Taking TestsUnit 25: Listening and SpeakingUnit 26: Viewing and RepresentingUnit 27: Electronic Resources

Reference SectionWriting and Language GlossarySpanish GlossaryWriting and Research HandbookIndexAcknowledgments

Table of ContentsPart 1: CompositionUnit 1: Personal WritingWriting in the Real World: Round-the-World Voyage, Journal Entries by Bill PinkneyLesson 1.1: Writing as Self-ExpressionWrite a Personal Response; Cross-Curricular Activity; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

Lesson 1.2: Writing with ConfidenceWrite a Journal Entry; Using Computers; Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link

Lesson 1.3: Making Personal ConnectionsWrite a Friendly Letter; Using Computers; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

Lesson 1.4: Responding to a PoemWrite a Poem; Cross-Curricular Activity; Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link

Writing Process in Action: Personal Writing ProjectWrite a personal account about a special day

Literature Model: from The Invisible Thread by Yoshiko UchidaLinking Writing and Literature: Collect Your Thoughts; Talk About Reading; Write About Reading

Unit 1 Review: Reflecting on the Unit, Adding to Your Portfolio, Writing Across the Curriculum

Unit 2: The Writing ProcessWriting in the Real World: from The Empire Builder: Scenic and Historic Announcements, Guide by Curtis KatzLesson 2.1: Exploring the Writing ProcessWrite About Your Writing Process; Using Computers; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

Lesson 2.2: Prewriting: Finding a TopicExplore a Topic; Using Computers; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

Lesson 2.3: Prewriting: Ordering IdeasWrite an Ordered List; Cross-Curricular Activity; Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link

Lesson 2.4: Drafting: Getting It Down on PaperWrite a Draft; Cross-Curricular Activity; Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link

Lesson 2.5: Revising: Reviewing Your IdeasRevise Your Draft; Using Computers; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

Lesson 2.6: Revising: Getting Paragraphs into ShapeUse Strong Paragraphs; Cross-Curricular Activity; Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link

Lesson 2.7: Revising: Achieving Sentence FluencySmooth Out Paragraphs; Viewing and Representing; Using Computers; Grammar Link

Lesson 2.8: Editing/Proofreading: Checking DetailsEdit Your Draft; Using Computers; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

Lesson 2.9: Publishing/Presenting: Sharing Your WorkPresent Your Work; Viewing and Representing; Using Computers; Grammar Link

Writing Process in Action: Writing Process ProjectFollow a method for writing an explanation

Literature Model: from Coast to Coast by Betsy ByarsLinking Writing and Literature: Learning to Learn; Talk About Reading; Write About Reading

Unit 2 Review: Reflecting on the Unit, Adding to Your Portfolio, Writing Across the Curriculum

TIME: Facing the Blank PageWriting for TIMEPrewritingDraftingRevisingEditing/ProofreadingPublishing/Presenting

Unit 3: Descriptive WritingWriting in the Real World: from "Attacking the Nunataks," Magazine Article by John BoulangerLesson 3.1: Painting a Picture with WordsWrite a Description of a Wolf; Listening and Speaking; Using Computers; Grammar Link

Lesson 3.2: Observing and Taking NotesWrite a Description of Living Things; Listening and Speaking; Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link

Lesson 3.3: Elaborating: Focusing on the DetailsWrite a Description of Art; Cross-Curricular Activity; Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link

Lesson 3.4: Ordering Descriptive DetailsDescribe a Scene; Using Computers; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

Lesson 3.5: Describing a PlaceDescribe a Place; Using Computers; Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link

Lesson 3.6: Getting to Know a New PlaceWrite a Travel Brochure; Using Computers; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

Writing Process in Action: Descriptive Writing ProjectDescribe a memorable experience

Literature Model: from Morning Girl by Michael DorrisLinking Writing and Literature: Learning to Learn; Talk About Reading; Write About Reading

Unit 3 Review: Reflecting on the Unit, Adding to Your Portfolio, Writing Across the Curriculum

Unit 4: Narrative WritingWriting in the Real World: from W. E. B. Du Bois: A Biography, Biographical Sketch by Virginia HamiltonLesson 4.1: Developing a Real-Life StoryWrite About the Past; Collaborative Writing; Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link

Lesson 4.2: Keeping a Story OrganizedWrite a Real-Life Narrative; Listening and Speaking; Cross-Curricular Activity; Grammar Link

Lesson 4.3: Writing DialogueWrite a Dialogue; Cross-Curricular Activity; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

Lesson 4.4: Writing About an EventWrite a Narrative About Learning a Skill; Using Computers; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

Lesson 4.5: Responding to a BiographyWrite a Brief Biography; Using Computers; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

Writing Process in Action: Narrative Writing ProjectWrite a story about clothes you used to wear

Literature Model: "The Jacket" by Gary SotoLinking Writing and Literature: Learning to Learn; Talk About Reading; Write About Reading

Unit 4 Review: Reflecting on the Unit, Adding to Your Portfolio, Writing Across the Curriculum

Unit 5: Expository WritingWriting in the Real World: from "How Does Michael Fly?" Newspaper Article by Julie SheerLesson 5.1: Writing to Help Others UnderstandWrite an Explanation of a Game; Summarizing Ideas; Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link

Lesson 5.2: Comparing and Contrasting Two ThingsWrite a Comparison-Contrast Piece; Using Computers; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

Lesson 5.3: Explaining How to Do SomethingWrite a "How to" Explanation; Cross-Curricular Activity; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

Lesson 5.4: Writing a ReportWrite a Report; Using Computers; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

Lesson 5.5: Writing a Book ReportWrite a Book Report; Using Computers; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

Writing Process in Action: Expository Writing ProjectWrite an explanation of a process

Literature Model: "Bathing Elephants" by Peggy ThomsonLinking Writing and Literature: Learning to Learn; Talk About Reading; Write About Reading

Unit 5 Review: Reflecting on the Unit, Adding to Your Portfolio, Writing Across the Curriculum

Unit 6: Persuasive WritingWriting in the Real World: from "A Popular Little Planet," TV Script by Douglas AndersonLesson 6.1: Taking a StandCreate a Poster; Cross-Curricular Activity; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

Lesson 6.2: Stating a PositionWrite a Proposal; Using Computers; Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link

Lesson 6.3: Using Facts and OpinionsWrite a Persuasive Letter; Cross-Curricular Activity; Listening and Speaking; Grammar Link

Lesson 6.4: Writing a TV ReviewWrite a TV Review; Using Computers; Viewing and Representing; Grammar Link

Writing Process in Action: Persuasive Writing ProjectWrite a persuasive newspaper article

Literature Model: from "Thanking the Birds" by Joseph BruchacLinking Writing and Literature: Learning to Learn; Talk About Reading; Write About Reading

Unit 6 Review: Reflecting on the Unit, Adding to Your Portfolio, Writing Across the Curriculum

Unit 7: TroubleshooterLesson 7.1: Sentence FragmentLesson 7.2: Run-on SentenceLesson 7.3: Lack of Subject-Verb AgreementLesson 7.4: Incorrect Verb Tense or FormLesson 7.5: Incorrect Use of PronounsLesson 7.6: Incorrect Use of AdjectivesLesson 7.7: Incorrect Use of CommasLesson 7.8: Incorrect Use of ApostrophesLesson 7.9: Incorrect CapitalizationLesson 7.10: Lack of Parallelism

Business and Technical WritingBusiness LettersMemosApplication FormsInstructionsIncident ReportsMultimedia Presentations

Part 2: Grammar, Usage, and MechanicsUnit 8: Subjects, Predicates, and SentencesLesson 8.1: Kinds of SentencesLesson 8.2: Sentences and Sentence FragmentsLesson 8.3: Subjects and PredicatesLesson 8.4: Finding SubjectsLesson 8.5: Compound Subjects and Compound PredicatesLesson 8.6: Simple, Compound, and Complex SentencesGrammar Review: Subjects, Predicates, and SentencesLiterature Model: from A Tree Grows in Brooklyn by Betty SmithWriting Application: Compound Predicates and Compound Sentences in Writing; Techniques with Sentences; Practice

Unit 9: NounsLesson 9.1: Common and Proper NounsLesson 9.2: Singular and Plural NounsLesson 9.3: Possessive NounsGrammar Review: NounsLiterature Model: from Black Star, Bright Dawn by Scott O'DellWriting Application: Nouns in Writing; Techniques with Nouns; Practice

Unit 10: VerbsLesson 10.1: Action Verbs and Direct ObjectsLesson 10.2: Indirect ObjectsLesson 10.3: Linking Verbs and Predicate WordsLesson 10.4: Present, Past, and Future TensesLesson 10.5: Main Verbs and Helping VerbsLesson 10.6: Present and Past Progressive FormsLesson 10.7: Perfect TensesLesson 10.8: Irregular VerbsLesson 10.9: More Irregular VerbsGrammar Review: VerbsLiterature Model: from All Stories are Anansi's by Harold CourlanderWriting Application: Action Verbs in Writing; Techniques with Action Verbs; Practice

Unit 11: PronounsLesson 11.1: Personal PronounsLesson 11.2: Using Pronouns CorrectlyLesson 11.3: Pronouns and AntecedentsLesson 11.4: Possessive PronounsLesson 11.5: Indefinite PronounsGrammar Review: PronounsLiterature Model: from "The Wise Old Woman," a Japanese folktale retold by Yoshiko UchidaWriting Application: Pronouns in Writing; Techniques with Pronouns; Practice

Unit 12: AdjectivesLesson 12.1: Adjectives and Proper AdjectivesLesson 12.2: Articles and DemonstrativesLesson 12.3: Adjectives That CompareLesson 12.4: Special Adjectives That CompareGrammar Review: AdjectivesLiterature Model: from Giants of Jazz by Studs TerkelWriting Application: Adjectives in Writing; Techniques with Adjectives; Practice

Unit 13: AdverbsLesson 13.1: Adverbs Modifying VerbsLesson 13.2: Adverbs Modifying Adjectives and AdverbsLesson 13.3: Adverbs That CompareLesson 13.4: Telling Adjectives and Adverbs ApartLesson 13.5: Avoiding Double NegativesGrammar Review: AdverbsLiterature Model: from Across Five Aprils by Irene HuntWriting Application: Adverbs in Writing; Techniques with Adverbs; Practice

Unit 14: Prepositions, Conjunctions, and InterjectionsLesson 14.1: PrepositionsLesson 14.2: Prepositional PhrasesLesson 14.3: Pronouns After PrepositionsLesson 14.4: Prepositional Phrases as Adjectives and AdverbsLesson 14.5: Telling Prepositions and Adverbs ApartLesson 14.6: ConjunctionsLesson 14.7: InterjectionsGrammar Review: Prepositions, Conjunctions, and InterjectionsLiterature Model: from One Writer's Beginnings by Eudora WeltyWriting Application: Prepositions and Conjunctions in Writing; Techniques with Prepositions and Conjunctions; Practice

Unit 15: Subject-Verb AgreementLesson 15.1: Making Subjects and Verbs AgreeLesson 15.2: Problems with Locating the SubjectLesson 15.3: Agreement with Compound SubjectsGrammar Review: Subject-Verb AgreementLiterature Model: from John Muir by Eden ForceWriting Application: Subject-Verb Agreement in Writing; Techniques with Subjects and Their Verbs; Practice

Unit 16: Glossary of Special Usage ProblemsLesson 16.1: Using Troublesome Words ILesson 16.2: Using Troublesome Words IIGrammar Review: Glossary of Special Usage ProblemsLiterature Model: from Exploring the Titanic by Robert D. BallardWriting Application: Usage of Glossary Words in Writing; Techniques with Correct Usage; Practice

Unit 17: Diagraming SentencesLesson 17.1: Diagraming Simple Subjects and Simple PredicatesLesson 17.2: Diagraming the Four Kinds of SentencesLesson 17.3: Diagraming Direct and Indirect ObjectsLesson 17.4: Diagraming Adjectives and AdverbsLesson 17.5: Diagraming Predicate Nouns and Predicate AdjectivesLesson 17.6: Diagraming Prepositional PhrasesLesson 17.7: Diagraming Compound Sentence Parts

Unit 18: CapitalizationLesson 18.1: Capitalizing Sentences, Quotations, and SalutationsLesson 18.2: Capitalizing Names and Titles of PeopleLesson 18.3: Capitalizing Names of PlacesLesson 18.4: Capitalizing Other Proper Nouns and AdjectivesGrammar Review: CapitalizationLiterature Model: from A Secret for Two by Quentin ReynoldsWriting Application: Capitalization in Writing; Techniques with Capitalization; Practice

Unit 19: PunctuationLesson 19.1: Using the Period and Other End MarksLesson 19.2: Using Commas ILesson 19.3: Using Commas IILesson 19.4: Using Commas IIILesson 19.5: Using Semicolons and ColonsLesson 19.6: Using Quotation Marks and ItalicsLesson 19.7: Using Apostrophes and HyphensLesson 19.8: Using AbbreviationsLesson 19.9: Writing NumbersGrammar Review: PunctuationLiterature Model: from Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People by Langston HughesWriting Application: Punctuation in Writing; Techniques with Punctuation; Practice

Unit 20: Sentence CombiningLesson 20.1: Compound SentencesLesson 20.2: Compound ElementsLesson 20.3: Prepositional PhrasesMixed Review

Part 3: Resources and SkillsUnit 21: Library and Reference ResourcesLesson 21.1: Using a LibraryLesson 21.2: How Books Are OrganizedLesson 21.3: How to Find a BookLesson 21.4: Using ReferencesLesson 21.5: Using a DictionaryLesson 21.6: Understanding a Dictionary Entry

Unit 22: Vocabulary and SpellingLesson 22.1: Borrowed WordsLesson 22.2: Clues to Word MeaningsWord Works: Words Borrowed from the French

Lesson 22.3: Using Word PartsWord Works: Word Origins

Lesson 22.4: Synonyms and AntonymsWord Works: Homographs

Lesson 22.5: Words That Sound AlikeLesson 22.6: Spelling Rules ILesson 22.7: Spelling Rules IIWord Works: Coded Language

Lesson 22.8: Problem Words

Unit 23: Study SkillsLesson 23.1: Exploring a BookLesson 23.2: Planning Your StudyLesson 23.3: Using a Study MethodLesson 23.4: Notes and OutlinesLesson 23.5: Using Graphic Aids

Unit 24: Taking TestsLesson 24.1: Tips for Test TakingLesson 24.2: Test ItemsLesson 24.3: Standardized TestsLesson 24.4: Standardized Test Practice

Unit 25: Listening and SpeakingLesson 25.1: ListeningLesson 25.2: Informal SpeakingLesson 25.3: How to Give an Oral Report

Unit 26: Viewing and RepresentingLesson 26.1: Interpreting Visual MessagesLesson 26.2: Analyzing Media MessagesLesson 26.3: Producing Media Messages

Unit 27: Electronic ResourcesLesson 27.1: The InternetLesson 27.2: Getting on the InternetLesson 27.3: Evaluating Internet SourcesLesson 27.4: Using E-MailLesson 27.5: Other Electronic Resources

Reference SectionWriting and Language GlossarySpanish GlossaryWriting and Research HandbookWriting Good SentencesWriting Good ParagraphsWriting Good CompositionsWriting Good Research Papers

IndexAcknowledgmentsLiterature ModelsComposition ModelsSkill ModelsLanguage Models

Fine Art

Student WorksheetsGrammar and Language WorkbookHandbook of Definitions and RulesTroubleshooterPart 1: GrammarUnit 1: Subjects, Predicates, and Sentences1.1 Kinds of Sentences: Declarative and Interrogative1.2 Kinds of Sentences: Exclamatory and Imperative1.3 Subjects and Predicates: Simple and Complete1.4 Subjects and Predicates: Compound1.5 Simple and Compound Sentences1.6 Sentence Fragments1.7 Run-On SentencesUnit 1 ReviewCumulative Review

Unit 2: Nouns2.8 Nouns: Proper and Common2.9 Nouns: Singular and Plural2.10 Nouns: Collective2.11 Nouns: PossessivesUnit 2 ReviewCumulative Review: Units 1-2

Unit 3: Verbs3.12 Action Verbs and Direct Objects3.13 Action Verbs and Indirect Objects3.14 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs3.15 Linking Verbs and Predicate Words3.16 Verb Tenses: Present, Past, and Future3.17 Main Verbs: Principal Parts3.18 Helping Verbs3.19 Verb Forms: Present Progressive and Past Progressive3.20 Perfect Tenses: Present and Past3.21 Irregular Verbs I3.22 Irregular Verbs II3.23 Irregular Verbs III3.24 More Practice with Verb FormsUnit 3 ReviewCumulative Review: Units 1-3

Unit 4: Pronouns4.25 Personal Pronouns4.26 Using Pronouns Correctly4.27 Pronouns and Antecedents4.28 Possessive Pronouns4.29 Indefinite PronounsUnit 4 ReviewCumulative Review: Units 1-4

Unit 5: Adjectives5.30 Adjectives and Proper Adjectives5.31 Articles and Demonstratives5.32 Adjectives That Compare5.33 Special Adjectives That CompareUnit 5 ReviewCumulative Review: Units 1-5

Unit 6: Adverbs6.34 Adverbs Modifying Verbs6.35 Adverbs Modifying Adjectives and Adverbs6.36 Adverbs That Compare6.37 Irregular Comparative Forms6.38 Telling Adjectives and Adverbs Apart I6.39 Telling Adjectives and Adverbs Apart II6.40 Avoiding Double NegativesUnit 6 ReviewCumulative Review: Units 1-6

Unit 7: Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections7.41 Prepositions7.42 Prepositional Phrases7.43 Pronouns After Prepositions7.44 Prepositional Phrases as Adjectives and Adverbs7.45 Telling Prepositions and Adverbs Apart7.46 Conjunctions7.47 InterjectionsUnit 7 ReviewCumulative Review: Units 1-7

Unit 8: Subject-Verb Agreement8.48 Making Subjects and Verbs Agree8.49 Subject Pronouns and Verb Agreement8.50 Locating the Subject8.51 Agreement with Compound SubjectsUnit 8 ReviewCumulative Review: Units 1-8

Unit 9: Diagraming Sentences9.52 Diagraming Simple Subjects and Simple Predicates9.53 Diagraming the Four Kinds of Sentences9.54 Diagraming Direct and Indirect Objects and Predicate Words9.55 Diagraming Adjectives and Adverbs9.56 Diagraming Prepositional Phrases9.57 Diagraming Compound Sentence PartsUnit 9 ReviewCumulative Review: Units 1-9

Part 2: UsageUnit 10: Usage Glossary10.58 Usage: accept to a lot10.59 Usage: beside to chose10.60 Usage: in to learn10.61 Usage: leave to sit10.62 Usage: than to whoseUnit 10 ReviewCumulative Review: Units 1-10

Part 3: MechanicsUnit 11: Capitalization11.63 Capitalizing Sentences, Quotations, and Salutations I11.64 Capitalizing Sentences, Quotations, and Salutations II11.65 Capitalizing Names and Titles of Persons I11.66 Capitalizing Names and Titles of Persons II11.67 Capitalizing Names of Places I11.68 Capitalizing Names of Places II11.69 Capitalizing Other Proper Nouns and Adjectives I11.70 Capitalizing Other Proper Nouns and Adjectives IIUnit 11 ReviewCumulative Review: Units 1-11

Unit 12: Punctuation12.71 Using the Period and Other End Marks12.72 Using Commas I12.73 Using Commas II12.74 Using Commas III12.75 Using Commas IV12.76 Commas in Review12.77 Semicolons and Colons12.78 Quotation Marks12.79 Quotation Marks and Italics12.80 Apostrophes12.81 Hyphens12.82 Abbreviations I12.83 Abbreviations II12.84 Writing Numbers I12.85 Writing Numbers IIUnit 12 ReviewCumulative Review: Units 1-12

Part 4: Vocabulary and SpellingUnit 13: Vocabulary and Spelling13.86 Building Vocabulary: Learning from Context13.87 Building Vocabulary: Prefixes13.88 Building Vocabulary: Suffixes13.89 Synonyms and Antonyms13.90 Homonyms13.91 Basic Spelling Rules I13.92 Basic Spelling Rules II13.93 Basic Spelling Rules III13.94 Often Misspelled Words13.95 Easily Confused Words13.96 Review: Building Vocabulary13.97 Review: Basic Spelling RulesUnit 13 ReviewCumulative Review: Units 1-13

Part 5: CompositionUnit 14: Composition14.98 The Writing Process: Prewriting I14.99 The Writing Process: Prewriting II14.100 The Writing Process: Drafting I14.101 The Writing Process: Drafting II14.102 The Writing Process: Revising I14.103 The Writing Process: Revising II14.104 The Writing Process: Editing14.105 The Writing Process: Presenting14.106 Outlining14.107 Writing Effective Sentences I14.108 Writing Effective Sentences II14.109 Writing Effective Sentences III14.110 Building Paragraphs I14.111 Building Paragraphs II14.112 Building Paragraphs III14.113 Paragraph Ordering14.114 Personal Letters I14.115 Personal Letters II14.116 Personal Letters III14.117 Business Letters: Letters of Request or Complaint14.118 Business Letters: Letters of Opinion

Index

Grammar Practice WorkbookUnit 8: Subjects, Predicates, and Sentences8.1-2 Sentences and Sentence Fragments8.3 Subjects and Predicates8.4 Finding Subjects8.5 Compound Subjects and Compound Predicates8.6 Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences

Unit 9: Nouns9.1 Common and Proper Nouns9.2 Singular and Plural Nouns9.3 Possessive Nouns

Unit 10: Verbs10.1 Action Verbs and Direct Objects10.2 Indirect Objects10.4 Present, Past, and Future Tenses10.5 Main Verbs and Helping Verbs10.6 Present and Past Progressive Forms10.7 Perfect Tenses10.8-9 Irregular Verbs

Unit 11: Pronouns11.1-2 Using Pronouns Correctly11.3 Pronouns and Antecedents11.4 Possessive Pronouns11.5 Indefinite Pronouns

Unit 12: Adjectives12.1 Adjectives and Proper Adjectives12.2 Articles and Demonstratives12.3 Adjectives That Compare

Unit 13: Adverbs13.1 Adverbs Modifying Verbs13.2 Adverbs Modifying Adjectives and Adverbs13.3 Adverbs That Compare13.4 Telling Adjectives and Adverbs Apart13.5 Avoiding Double Negatives

Unit 14: Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections14.1-2 Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases14.3 Pronouns After Prepositions14.4 Prepositional Phrases as Adjectives and Adverbs14.5 Telling Prepositions and Adverbs Apart14.6-7 Conjunctions and Interjections

Unit 15: Subject-Verb Agreement15.1 Making Subjects and Verbs Agree15.2 Problems with Locating the Subject15.3 Agreement with Compound Subjects

Unit 16: Glossary of Special Usage Problems16.1-2 Using Troublesome Words

Unit 18: Capitalization18.1 Capitalizing Sentences, Quotations, and Salutations18.2 Capitalizing Names and Titles of People18.3 Capitalizing Names of Places18.4 Capitalizing Other Proper Nouns and Adjectives

Unit 19: Punctuation19.1 Using the Period and Other End Marks19.2 Using Commas I-A19.2 Using Commas I-B19.3 Using Commas II-A19.3 Using Commas II-B19.4 Using Commas III-A19.4 Using Commas III-B19.5 Using Semicolons and Colons19.6 Using Quotation Marks and Italics19.7 Using Apostrophes and Hyphens19.8 Using Abbreviations19.9 Writing Numbers

inTIME Magazine - Student Edition, Vol. 3American Scene: The Creepy Cellar of the Merchant of VenomNotebookNationThe Bully BattleThe Fight Over Alaska's OilRiver Keepers Help Alaska's SalmonTheir Native Tongue

WorldBack in the U.S.A.Cover: Meltdown!A Fresh Start in AfricaThe Ultimate FoodieCan Venice be Saved?

ScienceArchaeology: A Family That Digs TogetherFood: Trouble on the TableSpace: Searching the HeavensAnimals: Dinosaur Feathers!

ArtsBooks: A Writer Who's 13 at HeartMusic: Christina AguileraMovies: Monstrously Good

SportsPaid to Play Games

Essay: From Homeless to a Full ScholarshipLetters: Alaska's Wildlife, Bullies, and more

ITBS Preparation and Practice Workbook & Ten Days to the ITBSPreparation and PracticeExercise 1: VocabularyExercise 2: Reading ComprehensionExercise 3: SpellingExercise 4: CapitalizationExercise 4: PunctuationExercise 5: Usage/ExpressionExercise 6: Capitalization/PunctuationExercise 7: Usage/ExpressionExercise 8: Reference Materials

Practice TestVocabularyReading Comprehension

Ten Days to the ITBSIntroductionBasic SkillsVocabulary QuestionsReading Comprehension

SAT-9 Preparation and Practice Workbook & Ten Days to the SAT-9IntroductionPreparation and PracticeReading VocabularyReading ComprehensionSpellingLanguageStudy SkillsListeningLanguage SAReading Comprehension II

Practice TestTen Days to the Stanford 9Reading VocabularyReading ComprehensionSpellingLanguageStudy SkillsListeningLanguage SA

Spelling Power WorkbookStudent Progress ChartScoring ScaleUnit 1Lesson 1: Short Vowel SpellingsLesson 2: Long Vowel SpellingsLesson 3: The Vowel uLesson 4: Double ConsonantsReview Lessons 1-4

Unit 2Lesson 5: The \s\ Sound with c or sLesson 6: The \k\ Sound with c, ck, ch, or quLesson 7: The \j\ Sound with g or jLesson 8: Words with Silent LettersReview Lessons 5-8

Unit 3Lesson 9: Spelling the Schwa SoundLesson 10: Spelling the \\ SoundLesson 11: Spelling the \or\ SoundLesson 12: Doubling the Final ConsonantReview Lessons 9-12

Unit 4Lesson 13: The \ou\ and \oi\ SoundsLesson 14: Words with ie and eiLesson 15: Dropping the Final SilentLesson 16: Keeping the Final Silent eReview Lessons 13-16

Unit 5Lesson 17: Keeping the Final yLesson 18: Changing y to ILesson 19: The Suffix -ousLesson 20: The Suffix -ionReview Lessons 17-20

Unit 6Lesson 21: The Suffixes -ant and -entLesson 22: Adding PrefixesLesson 23: The Prefix in-Lesson 24: Nouns with Unusual PluralsReview Lessons 21-24

Unit 7Lesson 25: Words with Greek and Latin RootsLesson 26: Plurals for Nouns Ending in oLesson 27: Plurals for Nouns Ending in s, sh, ch, xLesson 28: Plurals for Nouns Ending in f and feReview Lessons 25-28

Unit 8Lesson 29: Compound WordsLesson 30: Words Often ConfusedLesson 31: Words Often MisspelledLesson 32: Multi-syllable WordsReview Lessons 29-32

TerraNova Preparation and Practice Workbook & Ten Days to the TerraNovaIntroductionIntroduction to the TerraNovaProcess of Elimination

Preparation and PracticeSpellingLanguage MechanicsVocabularyReading and Language Arts 1Reading and Language Arts 2Reading and Language Arts 3Reading and Language Arts 4Reading and Language Arts 5

Ten Days to the TerraNovaPractice TestWhat Do I Need to Know About the TerraNova?Process of EliminationThe PassagesReading QuestionsWriting Questions

Vocabulary Power WorkbookStudent Progress ChartScoring ScaleUnit 1Lesson 1 Using Context CluesLesson 2 The Prefixes em- and en-Lesson 3 Using SynonymsLesson 4 Using Reference Skills-Using a ThesaurusReviewTest

Unit 2Lesson 5 Using Context CluesLesson 6 The Word Roots homo, humanus, anima, animus, anthropo, and bioLesson 7 Word UsageLesson 8 The Latin Roots movere and mobilisLesson 9 Using Reading Skills-Using Context CluesReviewTest

Unit 3Lesson 10 UsageLesson 11 UsageLesson 12 The Latin Roots scribere and signareLesson 13 Using Reference Skills-Finding the Right DefinitionReviewTest

Unit 4Lesson 14 Using SynonymsLesson 15 The Latin Root vertoLesson 16 The Prefix de-Lesson 17 Using Reading Skills-Understanding HomophonesReviewTest

Unit 5Lesson 18 Using SynonymsLesson 19 Sentence CompletionLesson 20 The Latin Root pendereLesson 21 Using Reading Skills-Understanding HomographsReviewTest

Unit 6Lesson 22 Using SynonymsLesson 23 UsageLesson 24 The Prefix dis-Lesson 25 The Latin Words bene and malLesson 26 Using Idiomatic Skills-Understanding IdiomsReviewTest

Unit 7Lesson 27 Using SynonymsLesson 28 The Prefixes over- and under-Lesson 29 The Prefix re-Lesson 30 The Latin Root venLesson 31 Using Reading Skills-Using Dictionary RespellingsReviewTest

Unit 8Lesson 32 Using SynonymsLesson 33 The Latin Roots specere and speciesLesson 34 The Latin Root tempus and the Greek Root chronosLesson 35 Using Reading Skills-Using Base WordsReviewTest

Pronunciation Guide

Internet LinkGlencoe.comTIME

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