A Change in EuropeAs the Middle Ages ended, Europe

underwent changes that help set the stage for overseas exploration.

•About Europeans who reached the Americas before Columbus did?

•How Europeans lived during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance?

•Why Europeans wanted to find an ocean route to Asia?

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Daily Assignment Daily Assignment

What would your life have been like What would your life have been like had you lived in the Middle Ages in had you lived in the Middle Ages in England around the year 1,000 England around the year 1,000 A.D.?A.D.?

1. How would you have gotten your food?

2. How would you protect yourself?

3. Would you be rich?

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Middle Ages/Dark AgesThe Age of Vikings and Feudalism

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The Norse in North America• “On alternate days we must gather

grapes and cut vines, and then fell trees, to make a cargo for my ship” Instructions from sailor Leif Eriksson in the winter of 1001. When Eriksson returned home to Greenland, he gave incredible reports of the land he had visited. He called that land “Vineland”, which meant land of wine. Eriksson's stories convinced Eriksson's stories convinced others to go to Vinelandothers to go to Vineland. In 1009, about 100 Norse men and women landed on the coast to make a settlement. After 5 years of After 5 years of conflict with the Native Americansconflict with the Native Americans, the Norse went home. (They wrote in Sagas)

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The Vikings

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Viking Ship

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ROMEROME

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Europe and the Middle Ages

• When the Norse were visiting the shores of North America, western and southern Europeans were just ending a period of isolation known as the Middle Ages. Few people in other parts of Europe had heard of the Norse travels.

• The fall of the Roman Empire marks the beginning of the Middle Ages in Europe in 476. When Roman rule disappeared, Europe broke up into hundreds of small kingdoms. This power of the kings or queens-or monarchs-was very weak.

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Fall of the Roman Empire

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Rome ruled the known world. Their advances in art, math, government, and various other civilization cues could not be replaced!

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Fall of Rome 476

Rome practically fell overnightRome practically fell overnight. Could you imagine if there was no America in the morning? What would our country look like?

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Middle Ages

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Middle Ages/Feudal System

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The Feudal System 476-1500• Kings often competed with Lords

for the control of their kingdoms. The Lords were mostly free of any control. They ruled their lands or manors, like tiny kingdoms. People who lived on the manor performed services for the lord. In exchange the lord promised to protect them. This system of managing the land and its people is called the Feudal System. Beginning around the year 1000- about the same time that Leif Eriksson visited North America-several changes began taking place in Europe. Many workers who had not been tied to the land were not happy with their daily lives. They longed for freedom.

NoblesNobles

LordsLords

KnightsKnights

PeasantsPeasants

This is 97% of total This is 97% of total population, which are tied population, which are tied to their stations forever!to their stations forever!

Feudal SystemFeudal System

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Feudal System

476-1400A.D. Middle Ages476-1400A.D. Middle Ages

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The Feudal System 476-1500 The Feudal System was a social order that provided structure to their civilization, however, the Feudal System tended to keep people at the lowest level of the class system. There was no moving up into another level. Each level above was extremely protective of their place in the ladder. Those at the bottom had no hope for a better future in this system…it was safe…you new where and who you would be…never any choices…but you were still tied to the land. Land was powerLand was power! Those who had it or managed land held all of the power. Eventually those who did not own land got tied of it…and left the manor in search for a new life!

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The Decline of the Feudal System• Life in Towns: Some people

managed to leave their manors and move into towns to earn their own livings. There they became craft workers or started businesses. Moving into the towns was not always the best option. The towns became overcrowded and dirty. Garbage was tossed into the streets and diseases spread quickly. Between 1347 and 1352, a deadly disease spread throughout Europe, killing more than ¼ of the population. Called the “Black Black DeathDeath”, the disease was carried by fleas on rats. This disaster broke down what was left of the feudal system.

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Black Death

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The New Middle Class• As Europe slowly recovered

from the Black DeathBlack Death, towns began to grow again. People became less separated and isolated as increasing trade brought them into contact with one another. At the same time, a new social class-The Middle The Middle ClassClass-began to develop. The Middle Class was made up of mostly of merchants who brought and sold goods for a living. It also included doctors, lawyers, and some government officials. Unlike the lords of the manors, people of the middle class were not interested in land and farming. Instead they focused on trade and business.

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Crusades to the Holy Land

ReligionReligion played an important role in the changes that took place in Europe during this time. As early as 10961096, a series of wars fought for religious reasons helped open the eyes of Western Europeans to the rest of the world!

Christian and Muslim ConflictChristian and Muslim Conflict: The religious wars were fought in Palestine, a land in Southwest Asia along the eastern side of the Mediterranean Sea. Palestine was the Holy Land for both Christians and Muslims. Europe's Christians considered Palestine and its city of Jerusalem sacred, or holy. Muslims also considerers Jerusalem to be sacred.

In 1071, a group of Turkish Muslims took the city of Jerusalem and closed it to all Christians. The Catholic church was outraged. Christians all over Europe answered the call to battle and between 1096 and 1270, Christians from Europe fought a series of wars, called the CrusadesCrusades!

During the First CrusadeFirst Crusade, Christians captured the city of Jerusalem. Christians held the city for about 100 years but eventually the Muslims recaptured it.

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Jerusalem

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Map to Jerusalem

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Crusades 1096

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The Crusades 1096-1270

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Returning Crusaders

• The CrusadesCrusades had an enormous effect on Europeans. Thousands of soldiers went off to war, never to return home… Many of those who did return brought back riches from the markets of the Southwest Asia. Spices, silk, jewelry, soap, and perfumes filled their bags coming back home. They had learned about new medicines to cure the sick and new ways of using spices to prevent food from spoiling.

• The CrusadersCrusaders got new ideas and products from Muslim markets in Southwest Asia. Muslim merchants regularly traded with Asia and as these European solders saw these new products..they wanted them!

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Does the war still rage???

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YES...Unfortunately it hits everyone!

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Marco Polo Reports Wonders• Italy’s Marco PoloMarco Polo, born into a

family of wealthy merchants, grew up in Venice, Italy. In 1271 when he was just 17 years old, traveled with his uncle and father on a trading journey to East AsiaEast Asia...present day China. The men traveled for 3 ½ years, crossed over 7,000 miles.

• Marco PoloMarco Polo spent 17 years in service to the Khan. He saw and learned much. Wrote “Descriptions Descriptions of the Worldof the World” on his return. This book helped spark the curiosity to the outside world!

Printed Books Used Paper Money Fire Departments Organized Canals Orderly road Systems Hot Water

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Marco Polo’s Journeys

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A Rebirth of Learning

• Despite the criticism Marco Polo received, many people read his book, “Descriptions of the World”. It helped make more and more Europeans curious about the world beyond their city walls. That curiosity sparked a period of renewed interest in learning and knowledge called the Renaissance. Europe’s Renaissance begun in the middle 1300s and lasted until about 1600.

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Renaissance 1300s-1600

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Renaissance Art and Science

• The Renaissance was a time of creativity and experimentation. Artists began to present their subjects more realistically than in the past. Artists such as Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, created beautiful works of art (paintings and drawings) to show nature and people as they really looked. Writers such as William Shakespeare also produced great poems and plays.

• Renaissance scientists worked toward a better understanding of the human body and how it functions. They studied the movement of the planets and set up experiments using new scientific equipment they had invented.

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Renaissance Art and Science

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Michelangelo

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Sistine Chapel

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Michelangelo

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Michelangelo

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Michelangelo

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Leonardo da Vinci

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Leonardo da Vinci

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Leonardo da Vinci

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Leonardo da Vinci

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Raphael

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Donatello

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William Shakespeare

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Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation

Martin LutherMartin Luther, in response to catholic practices, begins the Protestant Reformation of the church. He escapes to Germany and translates the Bible from Latin to German, thereby giving the Bible and new ideas to the world!