a comparative corpus analysis of pp ordering in english ... · a comparative corpus analysis of pp...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: A Comparative Corpus Analysis of PP Ordering in English ... · A Comparative Corpus Analysis of PP Ordering in English and Chinese Zoey Liu Computational Linguistics Lab Department](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050501/5f93eeb6f25a292d45237a24/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A Comparative Corpus Analysis of PP Ordering in English and Chinese
Zoey LiuComputational Linguistics Lab
Department of Linguistics, UC Davis
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✤ Dependency length minimization (DLM)
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✤ Dependency length minimization (DLM)
• grammars minimize dependency length
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✤ Dependency length minimization (DLM)
• grammars minimize dependency length
• constituent orderings in syntactic alternations
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✤ Predictions of DLM on constituent orderings
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✤ Predictions of DLM on constituent orderings
(a) Zoey presented [ on something linguistic ] [ to her professors and colleagues ]
(b) Zoey presented [ to her professors and colleagues ] [ on something linguistic ]
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✤ Predictions of DLM on constituent orderings
(a) Zoey presented [ on something linguistic ] [ to her professors and colleagues ]
(b) Zoey presented [ to her professors and colleagues ] [ on something linguistic ]
![Page 9: A Comparative Corpus Analysis of PP Ordering in English ... · A Comparative Corpus Analysis of PP Ordering in English and Chinese Zoey Liu Computational Linguistics Lab Department](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050501/5f93eeb6f25a292d45237a24/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
✤ Predictions of DLM on constituent orderings
(a) Zoey presented [ on something linguistic ] [ to her professors and colleagues ]
(b) Zoey presented [ to her professors and colleagues ] [ on something linguistic ]
![Page 10: A Comparative Corpus Analysis of PP Ordering in English ... · A Comparative Corpus Analysis of PP Ordering in English and Chinese Zoey Liu Computational Linguistics Lab Department](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050501/5f93eeb6f25a292d45237a24/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
But …
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But …
✤ not able to explain when equal dependency length
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(a) Charlie sings [ in the morning ] [ on the balcony ]
(b) Charlie sings [ on the balcony ] [ in the morning ]
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(a) Charlie sings [ in the morning ] [ on the balcony ]
1
422
1 11
(b) Charlie sings [ on the balcony ] [ in the morning ]
1
422
1 11
Total dependency length = 12
Total dependency length = 12
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But …
✤ not able to explain when equal dependency length
✤ longer dependencies are easier to process sometimes
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But …
✤ not able to explain when equal dependency length
✤ longer dependencies are easier to process sometimes
✤ efficacy of DLM varies across languages
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But …
✤ not able to explain when equal dependency length
✤ longer dependencies are easier to process sometimes
✤ efficacy of DLM varies across languages
Competing and cooperating motivations
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Testbed: PP order in English and Chinese
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Testbed: PP order in English and Chinese
✤ Dependency length
• Does short PP appear closer?
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Testbed: PP order in English and Chinese
✤ Dependency length
• Does short PP appear closer?
✤ Argument status
• Does more argument-like PP appear closer?
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Testbed: PP order in English and Chinese
✤ Dependency length
• Does short PP appear closer?
✤ Argument status
• Does more argument-like PP appear closer?
✤ Manner Place Time (MPT)
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Testbed: PP order in English and Chinese
✤ Dependency length
• Does short PP appear closer?
✤ Argument status
• Does more argument-like PP appear closer?
✤ Manner Place Time (MPT)
• Vera danced elegantly
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Testbed: PP order in English and Chinese
✤ Dependency length
• Does short PP appear closer?
✤ Argument status
• Does more argument-like PP appear closer?
✤ Manner Place Time (MPT)
• Vera danced elegantly on the dance floor
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Testbed: PP order in English and Chinese
✤ Dependency length
• Does short PP appear closer?
✤ Argument status
• Does more argument-like PP appear closer?
✤ Manner Place Time (MPT)
• Vera danced elegantly on the dance floor at night
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Data
✤ English: Penn Treebank (PTB)
✤ Chinese: Penn Chinese Treebank (CTB)
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PP ordering in Chinese
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PP ordering in Chinese
(a) 他们 将 [ 在 ⽣产 电⼦产品 ⽅⾯ ] [ 和 中国 ] 合作
They will [ in the aspects of electronic device production ] [ with China ] collaborate
They will collaborate with China in the aspects of electronic device production
(b) 他们 将 [ 和 中国 ] [ 在 ⽣产 电⼦产品 ⽅⾯ ] 合作
They will [ with China ] [ in the aspects of electronic device production ] collaborate
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PP ordering in Chinese
(a) 他们 将 [ 在 ⽣产 电⼦产品 ⽅⾯ ] [ 和 中国 ] 合作
They will [ in the aspects of electronic device production ] [ with China ] collaborate
They will collaborate with China in the aspects of electronic device production
(b) 他们 将 [ 和 中国 ] [ 在 ⽣产 电⼦产品 ⽅⾯ ] 合作
They will [ with China ] [ in the aspects of electronic device production ] collaborate
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Measures for dependency length
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Measures for dependency length
✤ the number of tokens within each PP
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Measures for dependency length
✤ the number of tokens within each PP
✤ proportion of short PP closer, long PP closer, equal length
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Measures for argument status
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Measures for argument status
✤ Merlo and Ferrer (2006)
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Measures for argument status
✤ Merlo and Ferrer (2006)
✤ how argument-like or adjunct-like
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Measures for argument status
✤ Merlo and Ferrer (2006)
✤ how argument-like or adjunct-like
✤ proportion of argument-like PP closer
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Measures for MPT
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✤ manner (PP-MNR), place (PP-LOC), time (PP-TMP)
Measures for MPT
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✤ manner (PP-MNR), place (PP-LOC), time (PP-TMP)
✤ English: MPT; Chinese: TPM
Measures for MPT
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✤ manner (PP-MNR), place (PP-LOC), time (PP-TMP)
✤ English: MPT; Chinese: TPM
Measures for MPT
WSJ 89.3%
Brown 100%
Switchboard 100%
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Cooperation and competition between dependency length and argument status
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Cooperation and competition between dependency length and argument status
✤ Logistic regression
Factors 1 -1 0
dependency length short PP closer long PP closer equal length
argument status argument-like PP closer adjunct-like PP closer same argument
status
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Cooperation and competition between dependency length and argument status
●
●
1.01
0.91
●
●
1.25
0.45●
●
0.55
0.98
●
●
0.36
0.97
WSJ Brown Switchboard CTB
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
Coe
ff
factor●a
●a
Dependency length
Argument status
Coefficient estimates
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Questions revisited
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Questions revisited
✤ Does short PP appear closer across the two languages?
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Questions revisited
✤ Does short PP appear closer across the two languages?
• Yes
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Questions revisited
✤ Does short PP appear closer across the two languages?
• Yes
• strongest preference when matching headedness
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Questions revisited
✤ Does short PP appear closer across the two languages?
• Yes
• strongest preference when matching headedness
• stronger in written than spoken corpora
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Questions revisited
✤ Does the argument-like PP appear closer?
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Questions revisited
✤ Does the argument-like PP appear closer?
• Yes
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Questions revisited
✤ Does the argument-like PP appear closer?
• Yes
• stronger in spoken English and Mandarin Chinese
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Pondering over
✤ Why DLM / Argument closer than adjuncts?
• Minimize domains (Hawkins 2004); processing typology
✤ Why are preverbal and postverbal DLM preferences different?
• listeners vs. speakers perspective
• predictability-based accounts
✤ Variations of grammatical constructions / functions
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