A CONCISE

PAHLAVIDICTIONARY

D. N. MAcKENZIEProfessor of Iranian Studies

at the University of Gottingen

LONDON

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESSNEW YORK TORONTO

Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6DP

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ISBN 0 19 713559 5

© D. N. MacKenzie 1971

First published 1971Reprinted 1971

Reprinted (with corrections) 1986

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PREFACE

THE need for even a short Pahlavi-English dictionary has beenobvious for many years, particularly to would-be students ofthe language. The glossarial part of Professor H. S. Nyberg'sManual of Pahlavi is still eagerly awaited, five years after thepublication of Part I, although the 'archaistic' tradition oftranscription followed therein is no longer universally acceptable.With the partial material at present available, every serious studentstill has to compile his own dictionary, a formidable task withPahlavi and made more so by the plethora of different systemsof transcription in print. The present dictionary, admittedlyintroducing yet another transcription, is intended first to relievethe stranger to Pahlavi of the necessity of covering what is nowwell-travelled ground-the commonest 4,000 simple words­without a unified map, and secondly to urge the practical value ofthis'Sasanian' transcription for his journeying further. To haveincluded etymologies and textual references would have changedthe emphasis of the work, turning it from a map to a historicalatlas-cum-gazetteer, besides retarding its appearance unduly.Such a complete dictionary of Pahlavi is nowhere within sightand must remain so until many more texts are adequately edited.

For his good counsel on what to include in the dictionary Iam most grateful to my friend Dr. P. Gignoux of Paris, forwithout him many common words would have slipped throughmy net. Most of the labour of compiling the English index, whichwill surely be appreciated, was undertaken by my wife. Thedebt lowe to the teaching of the late Professor W. B. Henning,in connection with Pahlavi and all things Iranian, cannot beexpressed in words.

It is again a pleasure to acknowledge the support of the Schoolof Oriental and African Studies in financing this publication,and the customary skill of the printers.

D.N.M.

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

ABBREVIATIONS

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA

DICTIONARY

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

APPENDIX

PAHLAVI KEY

ix

XX

xxi

1

101

142

236-145

INTRODUCTION

ALMOST every published list of Pahlavi words contains a numberof entries of doubtful nature, the uncertainty lying either in theirform, their meaning, or even, occasionally, their very existence.The purpose of this dictionary is to provide the student with arepresentative vocabulary of Pahlavi in which such uncertainwords have been reduced to a minimum and marked. It differsfrom its predecessors in that the Pahlavi words are given in aphonemic transcription representing, as far as it is deduciblefrom the evidence, the pronunciation they would have had in thethird century of our era, the period of the rise of the Sasanianempire. The reasons for this departure from the 'archaistic' tradi­tion of Pahlavi studies I have given elsewhere. I If one reasonstands out it is that of practicality, as most corroborative evidencecomes from this period.

To reduce the number of doubtful words it has been necessaryto concentrate on the simpler vocabulary of such texts as theKiirntimag i Ardaxlir, Diidestiin i Minog i Xrad, Ardii Wiriizniimag, Bundahiln, and the Pahlavi Texts edited by Jamasp­Asana. Although I have also drawn upon the Pahlavi versionsof scriptural texts (Vendidad, Yasna, and Vispered), most of theirvery special vocabulary has been omitted. So have the manynonce-words and ad hoc compounds of religious texts such as theDenkard, since it is generally a simple matter to analyse Pahlavicompounds, given the elements and provided that the rules oftheir construction are understood. Those words- calling for inclu­sion whose form or meaning remain doubtful are marked with anasterisk.

By its nature the dictionary cannot claim to contain the entirevocabulary of any particular text. Nor is there any express inten­tion of presenting new solutions to the many problems remainingin the Pahlavi texts. Rather the readings of many scholars have

I 'Notes on the transcription of Pahlavi', Bulletin oj the School ojOriental atld African Studies, xxx, pt. 1 (1967), 17-29.

x INTRODUCTION

been adopted, eclectically, and grateful acknowledgement ishereby made to all whose discoveries have been assimilated within.Nevertheless, I must retain responsibility for the choice as awhole and for readings and interpretations unclaimed or un­published elsewhere.

TRANSLITERATION

The script of the Pahlavi books derives ultimately from that ofthe official Aramaic of the Achaemenian empire. In the course oftime, however, a high degree of ambiguity has developed in thescript. Table I shows the development of the letters fromImperial Aramaic (with the transliteration and names of letterscommonly used by Semitists), through the distinct forms used inthe Parthian and Persian inscriptions of the third century A.D., andthe archaic manuscript forms of the Psalter fragment (aboutseventh century),1 to those of the Zoroastrian books. In additionto the multiple values of the letters listed, some of them mayrepresent combinations of letters in certain contexts, e.g.. ,.t:; or J.'for ~ + ...

Since the ambiguities ofthe script make a mechanical translitera­tion of one letter by one roman symbol of no practical value, acertain amount of interpretation is essential. This interpretationcan be based, either directly or by the use of analogy, on the lessambiguous evidence of the above-mentioned earlier documentsof the language. With this help it is possible to go far in distin­guishing between the original values ), ~, dy, etc., of .~, n, W, rof , , and so on. But it is neither necessary nor desirable to gobeyond this by attempting to give closer 'phonetic' values to theletters, such as r for written I, or x for written~. For example,~~ ~wl represents xwar 'sun', but to transliterate it ·xwrentails both confusion with the true letter r , and the introduc­tion of even greater ambiguity into the interpretation of .~. Itis better to accept that the scribes wrote r and I almost indis-

I See F. C. Andreas, Bruchstucke einer Pehlevi-tJbersetzung der Psal­men. Aus dem Nachlass herausgegeben von Kaj Barr. Sitzungsberichteder Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin), 1933. i. 91-152,II plates.

INTRODUCTION xi

TABLE I

Imperial btscripfiom Pahlm:i

Ammaic Parthian Persian Psalter Boolt

• ('alcp)"" ~ .u u u .)oJ

b (bet) :J ::::;J --l -' .-Jg (gimcl) A -:? ~ ..) "d (dalc!) 'f 7 3 -' ·C g-

h (he) 1) crt ~ cf r6w (waw) 1 ? 2 L ,z (zayin) I ) S s. .s1,1 (ryet) n }oJ fV .IV

t (tct) (J ):J £y (yo~) " ) ? n. ..) g

k (kap)

~ ? ~1 2.. ~

I (lamcQ) 1 )m (mcm) iJ -j, 1:> ;, -6n (nun) ) ) l L ,=ow

s (samek) ~ r1 r; V JJ

• ('ayin) '" j =w "'" \V ,,'" \V

P (pc) ? !'> a a Q.)

.I~ (~aQe) ~ }J y £U ~ ~c

)

q (qop) p n =m "~ rn =m

r (rc~) '1 ,Co, \V ,-oc \V =W

sis (s/sin) 'V r. u.. ..1.1- ..Jo()

t (taw) j) n r 10 ,aI

--------~_.~-~------

• TIIl~ under- and m-er-lining llf letters in Semitil: transcription illdicatcs ;I fricative pronuncia-tion, alrp", bel", CIC.

xii INTRODUCTION

criminately for both phonetic values, !z for both Iranian h and x,etc., and to transliterate accordingly.

It is common practice to distinguish the Semitic ideograms inPahlavi, from the Iranian elements, by transliterating them incapital letters. Thus the same letters ,~ are transliteratedlflyk l when they stand for rahig 'child', but LlfYK' when theyrepresent the ideogram for diir 'far'. However, as the ideogramsare often much distorted and disguised forms of the originalAramaic words, it is sufficient for practical purposes to trans­literate them by means of a simplified system.

The system adopted hereafter in this book, for both ideographicand Iranian spellings, is designed to avoid the use of diacritics asfar as possible and also to parallel the system now conventionalfor the representation of the related Manichaean Middle Persianand Parthian script. Each letter is throughout given its basicIranian value(s), thus c and C for Aramaic~, h and Ii for Aramaicfl. A represents the capital form of ) (>iilep). There are threeletters which occur only in ideograms: Q (in the word QDM =abar; otherwise it is replaced by K), E, and O. E stands for theAramaic he (when it is not replaced by flet) and 0 for Aramaic(ayin, the roman letters being descendants of these Semiticforms respectively. Thus OLE (= oy) is a form of shorthand foran Aramaic original (lh, HeDL WN- (= *'driin-) indicates acorruption of the Aramaic root fl~d. Purists will find no difficultyin restoring the forms with diacritics.

Pahlavi letters are often distorted, or joined irregularly, in sucha way that they coincide with other letters, so producing evengreater ambiguity. The commonest distortions are here noted byunder- or over-lining the letter value intended. Thus:

~ (g, etc.), when it represents ....) b, is transliterated '9.s (z) " " ~ Y, "YQ.)' Cc) " "VA' )P, ,,)p.

The full scheme of transliteration is given in Table II. Theorder is still that of the Aramaic alphabet, taking account of thefirst value of each letter.

xiv INTRODUCTION

Notes

I. ~ 'h, etc., may be a corruption of final -ydy, so -&.2. -y, besides -yoY, etc., may be a corruption of -h, so -lJ.3. The digraphs ~ and 1ft, when they follow a verbal

ideogram, may represent any 'phonetic complement' (includingzero). They can be transliterated, purely for mnemonic purposes,by the letters they resemble :~ as yt and * as ty. I

4. i.e. an otiose stroke. -- ......S. ~ yt, etc. t may bea corruption of to -sn, so -§tJ.t and

~ (following another letter) may be for \(. -e l , so _~I.

TRANSCRIPTION

The orthographic principles followed, in seemingly haphazardpermutation, in the writing of Pahlavi, besides the ideographic,include the phonetic (within the limits of the alphabet), the his­torical, the pseudo-historical, and others so indeterminable asscarcely to merit the name. The establishment of the originalspelling of a word, therefore t very seldom reveals its pronuncia­tion. To determine this it is necessary to examine all the availablecomparative evidence.

Since the discovery of the Iranian material written in the near­phonetic Manichaean script it has become possible to establisha hypothetical phonemic system for Middle Persian and Parthianof the third century A.D. far more accurate than before, when onlythe remoter evidence of Old Iranian, New Persian, and loanwordsin other languages (particularly Armenian) was available. Adescription of this phonemic system has been given in my articlecited above. Within its terms all the entries in this dictionary aretranscribed.

The system comprises the following phonemes:

Vowels

ii

e a(e)<1) a

o ii(0)(1) u

I But see Kaj Barr, 'Remarks on the Pahlavi ligatures ..Ul and 1ft',Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, viii, pt. 2 (1936), 391-403.

INTRODUCTION xv

Consonants

pte kb d j gf s s x h

Z 1}2) y(2)

m nw rl y

(I) The phonemic status of e and 0 is doubtful and they areonly marked when there is direct evidence of their occurrence.

(2) Only in non-Persian, i.e. 'learned' or loaned, words.

The phonetic realizations of these phonemes can only be sup­posed to have been similar to those of the corresponding soundsof present-day Western Iranian speech. The only allophonicvariation of importance concerns the voiced stops b, (d ?), g, andaffricate J. Between a vowel and a following consonant, in thesame morpheme or close juncture, these almost certainly becamethe fricatives fP, (8), y, z] respectively. Thus abd, tigr, duJdenrepresent pronunciations C*apd, tiyr, duzden]. How far, or when,this development affected the same phonemes elsewhere in post­vocalic position is uncertain. It is sufficient to regard [P, 8, ')I, z]as possible realizations of postvocalic b, d, g, j.1

USING THE DICTIONARY

In seeking an unknown word, or one known only in anothertranscription, it may be necessary first to find it in the Pahlavikey. The English-Pahlavi index is intended to serve as an aid tomemory, and for tracing synonyms, etc., but is emphatically notan English-Pahlavi dictionary.

The main entries, with two exceptions, are arranged throughoutin the following order:

i, b, c, d, I, I, g (y), h, l, J, k, I, m,0,6, p, r, s, S, t, ii, w, x, y, z (f).

I This [y] is an allophone of the Persian phoneme 11, while y of thetranscription is a non-Persian phoneme. Parthian also had a phoneme!,replacing Persian J.

xvi INTRODUCTION

The exceptions are:(i) abstract nouns ending in -ih [-yh], which immediately

follow the words from which they are derived, e.g. stiirih afterstiir, before sturg;

(ii) verbal nouns formed from the present stems by the suffix-isn [-In'] and their derivatives in -isnig [-lnyh l], -isnih[-lnyh], which are all listed under the verb.

Verbs are quoted in the infinitive form, followed by the presentstem, except when either of these is not certainly attested. Crossreferences are made where necessary.

Not all verbal derivatives are included if they are regularlydeducible from the 'principal parts' of the verbs given, e.g. actornouns in -dar/-tar [-t'l], and past participles in -dag/-ta~

[-th'], corresponding to infinitives in -dan/-tan [-tn l ] ; the abstractnouns in -ih formed from these (e.g. -darih, -dagih); agentnouns in -a~ [-'hI] formed from present stems, etc.

THE ENTRIES

Pahlavi words are always given in bold type. The few entriesin italics are concessions to another transcription, made forreference.

P before a main entry indicates that the word is found only intexts of Parthian origin, namely the Ayadgar i Zariran andDraxt i Asiirig.

An asterisk denotes that the transcription or reading of theword is unconfirmed and remains doubtful.

Within square brackets the following information is given:

(i) The transliteration of the Pahlavi spelling. In the case ofideograms this is followed immediately by an indication of theAramaic (A) origin of the spelling. With verbs this can seldombe given more closely than by the form of the Aramaic root.

When the Pahlavi spelling of the present stem of a verb coin­cides with part of that of the infinitive, however much they differin transcription, the transliteration is given in abbreviated form,with a hyphen. Thus lkwp-tn l denotes 'infinitive lhwptn l

(= skuftan), present stem lhwp- (= skof-)', YMYTWN-tn l

INTRODUCTION xvii

denotes 'infinitive YMYTWNtn' (= murdan), present stemYMYTWN- (= mir-)'.

(ii) Evidence supporting the transcription.

For 'learned' words taken from the Avesta the form which thePahlavi represents, however corruptly, is quoted (as '= Av.').IIn such cases the Pahlavi transcriptions are more hypotheticalthan usual, since they can be no more than probable representa­tions of the contemporary pronunciation of these words.

Justification of the transcription of each word would requirethe discussion of a mass of etymological and comparative evidencefar beyond the scope of this dictionary. Only that evidence isincluded, therefore, which is most closely related and lends itselfto concise and regular presentation.

After the vertical stroke the corresponding forms from Mani­chaean Middle Persian (M) and/or Parthian (P) are given whereverpossible. The appearance of only a Parthian form does notnecessarily imply that the Pahlavi word is of non-Persian origin.It may be that the identical Middle Persian form is not attestedin Manichaean script.

Later forms of the word are quoted from Judaeo-Persian(J-from whatever source) and the earliest New Persian (N­rarely in their Arabic guise, when this has displaced the Persian,Ar.).

When the forms presented are not directly comparable, beingfrom a different dialect or in some way modified (e.g. by popularetymology), they are enclosed in parentheses.

(Example overleaf)

I In Bartholomaean transcription (Altiranisches Worterbuch) except forii, p, 'lU, replacing q, 'lU, v respectively.

xviii INTRODUCTION

EXAMPLE

wen- I -,\~ (I)

weniJnI\t'U,,~ (2)

didanl "to" \\tQ)M (3)

wen- -,.., (4)

weniinig \~ru"" (5)

weniln ,ro" , (6)

didan \\te.» (7)

didan, wen- [HZ Y TWN-tn l < A -vl}zy; dytn l , wyn- IM dydn,uryn-, N f"'oo.I, bin-] see.

,-,isn : sight, seeing.,-,isnig : visible.

wen-, ,-,isn(-i~),v. didan.

(I) ...,\~ is an ideographic spelling of wen-, present stemof didan. It consists of the letters H, Z (reduced to a shape ofG), Y, T, W, N, being a (normal) Pahlavi development fromthe Aramaic root I}zy. The infinitive (3) has the 'phonetic com­plement' -tn', for the -dan of didan.

(7) \\tW dytn l spells the infinitive didan, and (4) -,.., wyn­the present stem wen-.

In Manichaean Middle Persian the corresponding forms arespelt dydn, wyn- respectively, indicating the same pronunciation.In New Persian the infinitive is still didan, but the present stemhas become, regularly, bin-.

The verbal noun wenisn may be written part ideographically(2) HZYTWNln' or (phonetically' (6) urynln'. The derived adjec­tive wenisnig is attested in the spelling (5) urynlnyk' (but couldoccur as HZYTWNlnyk l ).

ABBREVIATIONSA AramaicAr. Arabicastr. astrology, astronomyAv. Avestancal. calendarintr. intransitiveJ Judaeo-Persianlit. literallyM Manichaean Middle PersianN (early) New PersianP Parthianpi. pluralsg. singulartr. transitive

SYMBOLS

•/( )(N ...)=M

(the same as) the main entrydoubtful transcription, meaningseparates alternativesvariant form, spellingN, etc., form not directly comparablethe same spelling in M, etc.

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA

"biZ didan 0 : 1. attribute, ascribe to; 2. appoint to.t.abr ... add M '/3r !t/a-~ir add helpless.

delet~-diitag ... (read i"YiAtag)add vafriz ['pl'c I N faraz] acclivity.

....afson add M 'pswn.""gir , add useless.vigoi ['kw,§ I (M »ws, P 'gwc), N a"Yos] embrace, armful.

add \R'''YiAtag ['gystk' I P *'gyst, N a"Yi§ta] mixed, defiled.add v.Ahliiwang ['hlyswng] = Ard.delete'Ahriiwang ...for vi.lum ...read vrlum ['lWlll I N -] millet.

v'8.sniid (ag) .,. delete noble.aswir [PR/LSYA < A prsy'; ...isnig add acquainted with.isUh add concord.ayid read ['Qyq't' I ...

for bahr. .. and bahrag .. ,read bahr(ag) [b'hl(k') 1M bhr, N -(a)] part, portion,

share, lot; reason.(az) in bahrag riy : on that account, therefore.

for bahrwar ...read bahr(ag)war [b'hl(k)wl I N bahrawar] partaking, parti­

cipator, partner.-ih : participation, advantage.

biliy add M b'l'y .add balgam [Qlglll I N bahalll] phlegm.

baxtan ... add divide.bayaspin [by'sp'n' I = M] ...beliir for M read P bylwr.2boy add incense.buland .,. add aloud.~andidan .. , I (M cn-ystn), J -] ...

",isn : IN tandis] ...add ~axrag [c hlk' I M cxr, N tarx] wheel, circle.

~imig ... add caused, justified, reasonable.dagrand-xwadiy .,. delete eternal.dast-gir [dstgyl i N ....,j .,. delete: dst OHDWN, .. ,

did .. , add other.add dig [YTMAL < A Ptm'll N d~ yesterday.delete *drem ... (read balgam)

drubust '" add protective.drust [drw(d)st' ...dus-cihr ... add ill-natured.dus-nim [-n'm I (M dwjn'm), N ",j add ill-famed.duAwir [dwsw'll (M dwjw'r), ...ekinag .. , for obedient read loyal, faithful.

-ih : for obedience read loyalty, faithfulness.for Farrobig ...read Farrobiy [plnb(' )g] ...

frayid [pl(y)d't' IN faryadj .. , delete M pry'd.frazand [prz/~nd ! ...frusag .. , add M prw~g.

garodmin ... read I P grdm'n.gazdum (gcd(w)m, gzd(w)m I .,.guftir ... , ",Ih : add eloquence.hambir [hm-, hnb'll ...

add harned [hmyst'j whose good and bad deeds weigh equal."'(ag)in [-(krIl'] limbo, the neutra.l station between

heaven and hell.delete hammist ... , "'(ag)in '"

handarz .,. add M 'ndrz.hammoxtan, hammoz-, ",iAn : add learning.hast [TWMNYA < A tmny'j ...

add hiig [HZWLYA < A ~zyr'; hwk' 1M hwg, N xugj pig.add hiikar(ag) Ihwkl(k') I N xiikaraj porcupine. (not hedgehog)add *huzirag [llwc'lk IN xujara] little, small, few.

I Jadag add fortune.Jiidan I M jwwdn, jwy- ...

add kariwus [kl'w~ I N ",j wine-press.delete karbunag ...read karbiig [klpwk', klbwk'] lizard.

kardagin ... add service (of the gods).delete karxoA ...read mi. ... N mal not.delete midayir .. ,

minig ... add house-owner.mayinJig .,. add arbiter.

for 1-3mez_ read 1-2mez_, v. Imezisn, mistan.

delete Dlezidan suck.for 2mezisn read Imezi~n ...for mistan, 3 mez- read ... 2mez- .. ,

mihoxt [l1lytwht' = Av. l1li8aoxta-] falsehood.2 m ihr •• add '" druxtan : break faith.

add mizidan, miz- [myc-ytn' I N l1lazrdan] suck.for *mol-mard ... read mowmard ...

moy ... add M mwy.read nixun [n'hwn' I P nxwn, N naxun] (finger) nail.delete niylzag ... (read wezag).

nek, ",Ih .,. add benefit.nibastan delete SKBHWN-tn' < A Jskb;nibistan read M nb'st, P nb'y-.nibeg ... add M nbyg.nibistan ... [YKTYBWN-tn' ... (not -stn').nidan, nay- [D~(Y)LWN-tn'< A Jdbr I ...nigiin, "'sir [-s'l I (P ngws'r)] downwards.

add "'niheb [nyhyp IN",] fear, terror.for nisin read nisin .

niyiz, f'VomandIh add necessity.Tfad niyoxSidan ...

no [TSA < A tSC I ... (not ts').delete ozirak '"

padist '" add threat.pad-nigerisn ... for cared for, guarded read carefully.

add parisp [pisp I M prysp] wall.2 p id ... add (M pyt).purniy [pwin'd = Av. pdrdnayu-j adult.

add purr-marg [-mIg] deadly, baneful.raz ... add M rz.

add rebis [Iyp's I N ",j rhubarb.2r istag '" add N rasta.

add rox [Ihw' IN",] rook, castle (chess).sahistan ... read (M shyd, P SC y _).

add sirwir [s'lw'l] helmet.add sayistan, say- [SKBHWN-tn < A J~kb I P sy-] lie down.

sneh for sword read club, weapon.2 sog add N '" 'grief'.

for Sosyans ... read Solins [swk~'ns ...add sabyir [spy'] ! N ...... ] grape syrup.

skaft ... read 1. ::=. skeft; 2. cave.

snaxtan '" read M . .. c8n)S-.

for 8us U r ... read 8uhr .,.for ti ... read I ti rOD < A cd I (M d\ P t\ N -] until,

while, within; so that.add 2 ti [t)k' IN -] like, peer.for I tag ... read ti.g ... , add M t)g.delete 2 t i.g '"add tahm !thm I =M, N "'] strong, brave.and tik [t}k' IN", 'vine'] branch.

tohm(ag) [twhm(k') 1M twhm, -g, N tUXlll, -a] ...read wallIgar [wnykl] prodigal.

",Ih : prodigality, waste.wallY [H(W)BDN < A hwbdn', y!'bd I ...wany (b)udlh [HWBDN' bwtyh, ...

add war·wezag [wl-w}yck'] andi.xtall : cast lots.for wizIg ... read .wi.zIg [-w'cyk' I N -baz] -player.add wezag [w)yck'] lot.

wiyabin, "'Ig .. , add confusing.add Wizars [wyzls] a demon.for wizi.stan, ... read wiziyldan, wiziy- [wyz}d-ytn' ...

wizudan .,. = wizayldan.add xig [ZKYA < A zq) IN xl(k)] leather bag.delete xiig .. , (read hug).delete xiikar(ag) '" (read hukar(ag)).

xwadiy ... read N xuday.xwarg .,. add live coal.

for yazd. .. read yazad '" N lzad, yazd.for yazdin ... read yazadin ...

Amend English-Pahlavi Index and Pahlavi Key accordingly.

Appendix (p. 142)

(i) read Ard (Ahli~wang).

(ii) add Wizar~.

(p. 143)(vii) read 1 frarast, are~n ....

p. 166 [142] after 81 add dIg.

p. 179 [115] for karezar read karezar.

0. 220 [33] for arg, halag read alag, halag.

Aa- [)- I M )-] privative prefix, un-, -less.a eJ then (generally with a suffixed pronoun, e.g. A-i).ab [MYA < A my);)ft I M )b, N .....] water. 'b S'u~ "r'"ibid ep)t l I M )b)d, N .....] populous, thriving, prosperous•

......ih: prosperity.ibidin ep)t)nl I N -] thriving, prosperous, cultivated.",ih: prosperity, cultivation.

abidixsa(y) eft)thI)(d), v. padixsi(y)] without authority, powerless.......ih: powerlessness; anarchy.

abadyawand [)p)tyd)wnd I J )b)dywn(d)] powerless, weak.,...,ih: powerlessness, weakness.aba~ [LWTE < A lwt-h I M )b)g, N (a)ba] with.-ih [)Pkyh] company, assistance.aba~enidan, aba~en- eJ?kyn-ytnl] accompany.a-bahr [WhIJ portionless, deprived.abam eft)", I P )b)myh, N (a)wam] loan, debt.Aban [)pn' I M )b)n, N -] cal. 8th month; loth day.aband efmd, v. pand I M )bnd] erring.

.....ih: error.lahar [QDM < A qdm; )pil M )br, N bar] up; on, over.

...... amadan: rise (sun).

...... axistan: rise up.- Axramidan: step up.- burdan: undertake...... madan: cope with, comprehend....... ni~eridan: consider.- nihumbidan: conceal.'" nisastan: sit, be enthroned.- nisistan : seat, install.- rasidan: come to, upon.'" rasidan 0: attain.

2abar eN] higher, superior.-a~ [-g I M )brg] superior.,.....,~l~an(a~) [-k)tl(k)l] superior.",dar [-ti, )'lvitil M )brdr] higher.,...,dom [-twm I M )brdwm] highest•......domih [-twmyh] superiority.abar~ar [)plgi] god, divinity.abari~(an) epiyken)'] = abaral1.abiri~ [)p)ryk

'I M )b)ryg, J )b)ry] other.

abarmAn 2 abd sabistan

abarmAn eplm'n'] in charge.abarmind ['plm'nd] inheritance, privilege.abarmlnig ['plm'nyk l ] noble.abar-meniin ['Plmjmfn'] proud, haughty.abaron ['p'lwn' I N warun] contrary, wrong, sinful.

.....ih: sin.abar-oz ['pl'wc] stronger.

.....ih: mastery.abar-tan ['Pltn l ] arrogant.

.....ih: arrogance.abarwez ['plwyc I (M 'brwyj, N parwt?z)] triumphant, victorious.,..,ih: triumph, victory.

abarzen, v. :zmaik.abaxi ['phi] repentant; regret.--ih: repentance.

abaxilwand ['phI'wnd] regretful.abaxiayidan. abaxiiiy- ['phI'd-ytn l I M 'bxI'y-, N baxludan, baxlaJ'-]

forgive, have mercy on.,..,iin: mercy, forgiveness.,..,iinig : forgiving, merciful.

labAxtar ['p'htll M 'b'xtr] planet.labixtar ['p'htll (N baxtar 'west')] north.abaydig ['pyt'k', v. paydig 1M 'byd'g] invisible.,..,ih: invisibility.

abay-: abiyed [',P'yt l I M 'b'yd, N biiyad] it is necessary, fitting; must(+infinitive).

,..,ist ['p'dst' I N bayist] it was necessary.,..,istan [',P'dstn'] be necessary, fitting; desire, want.,..,iin: necessity.,..,iinig: necessary, fitting, seemly.

abiz [LAWHL < A P(w)l}r; 'p'c I M 'b'c, N biiz, wa] back, again, re-.,.., didan 0: attribute, ascribe to. ~ "ffDj"i p,.

..... dastan: withhold, restrain, prevent.,.., estidan az: abandon, desist from.,.., kardan: open...... kardan az: disengage from, wean.,.., mandan: remain behind...... padan: remain, stay.,.., raftan: issue, go forth.,.., waitan 0: turn into, become.-- wirastan: rearrange.

abizsar [LAWHLs'l] rebellious.,..,ih: rebellion.ab-~ihrag ['p cyhlk l ] holding the seed, essence of water.abd ['pd I M 'f3d, J 'bd-] wonderful.-- sahistan: seem wonderful (to) > marvel.

abdih 3 abezir

......ih: wonder.ab-dan ['pd'nlJ water-holder.abdast epdst'] hand-guard.abdom ef>dwm I M 'bdwm] last, final(ly).~ih: finality, end.

abd-sahlst [Y>dshst l ] wonderful.abe- epy(y)- I M 'by-, N be] without, -less.

,...,- bar [-bl] fruitless.~-bes [-by!] unharmed.,...,-bim [-bym] fearless.--bimih: fearlessness.--boy [-bwd] senseless.--boyih: senselessness.,....-biid(ih) [-bwt', -bwtyh] deficiency.,...,-elm [-cym] without reason, cause.

abediin epyt'n'] of use, wanted.abe-H~uman [-gwm'n l ] without doubt, certain.--gumanih: certainty.---mlzag [-m(y)ck l ] tasteless.,....-must [-mwst l ] uncomplaining, content.,...,-niyaz [-nyd'c] free from want.,...,-os [·"wi I M 'by'w!, N beho!] senseless, unconscious.--osih: senselessness, unconsciousness.

aber ['pyl] very, much.abe-rih ['pyPs] erring.abcsar ['f>ysli M 'bysr, N alsar] crown.abesihenidan, abesihen- epshyn-yt1J', v. abesihidan] destroy.-iSn(ih): destruction.

abesihidan, abesih- ['fis(y)h-ytn'I M 'bysyh-] perish, be destroyed.

-isn(ih): destruction, ruin.abespirdan ['psp'ltn

') = abespurdan.

abespurdan, abcspar- ['/Jspwltn', 'psp'l- I M 'byspwrd, 'bysp'r-, Nsipurdan, sipiir-] commit, entrust, consign.

abestag ['p(y)st'k'] Avesta, the Mazdean scriptures.abestam ['pst'm] = abestan.abcstan ['pst'n l ] refuge, support, trust.abestan ['pystn' I P 'b)-'stn, N abistan] = abustan.abe-sud ['pyji swtl] profitless.-ih: profitlessness.

a-bes eby!] harmless; unharmed, invulnerable.-ih: harmlessness; invulnerability.

abe-I-winah [-wn's I M 'bywn' I] innocent.--wizend [-wznd] harmless, invulnerable, safe.

abezag ['pyck l I M 'bycg, (N weza)] pure, holy.-ih: purity, holiness.

abezar ['!>yz'l, )fiyc'l I N bezlfr] free.

~~n~n 4 ~~mg

abgandan, ab~an- [LJ\!IYTWN-tn' < A y rm'; 'pkn- I M 'bgnd, 'bgn-,N afgan-dan] throw.

ab~ar- ['pk'l-] provide, promote. ., \. 'k '0\(1'"abgena~ ['PBynk l , MYAfJynk' IN abgina] crystal, glass.l~~J?~ r,.,,·-en[-yn l ] crystalline. ?? ~,lOt.h , J

abig r>pyk' IN abi] aquatic, watery. ~.~abilag ['plk l I N '""'a] blister.a-bim [lbym] fearless.ab-kamag ['pk'mk l I N '""'a] a thick, sour soup.abnus [lpnws I (N abniis)] ebony.a-bl>y ['bwd] senseless.-ih: senselessness. ~

abr [lbl, 'pl I N -] cloud. ,\'\ f:>( Iabrang ['plng I N aurang] glory, splendour.abrastan, abraz- ['jWstn l , )j)l'e- I M 'br'st, N (afraltan), afraz-] lift, raise.abraz [lj)l'c I N afraz] acclivity.abre~om ['plyf(w)m I M 'brylwm, N -] silk.--en [-yn'] silken.

abroxtan, abrl>z- [lplwhtn', )plwe- I M )brwxt, 'brwc-, N afroxtan,afroz-] light, kindle, illuminate, polish.

-I~n(ih): illumination.ab-tazan ['pten l ] watercourse.a-bun ['bwn'] baseless, bottomless.a-burd-framan ['bwltplm'n

'] disobedient.

--ih: disobedience.aburnay ['p(w)ln'd, v. purnay I N burna] under age, child.--ih: childhood.

aburnayag ['p(w)ln'(d)yk'] child.abu8 [lpws] (woman) having just given birth.-ih: childbirth.

Abus, -tan ['pws, -tnl I M 'bwws, v. Abestan] pregnant.'""'ih: pregnancy.

abyoxtan, abyl>z- [lpywhtn', 'pywc-] join, mix.Ab-zan [lpzn l IN'""'] bath.labzAr ['pe'l, 'pz)ll M 'be)r, N afzar] instrument, means; spice.llabzar [lpz'll M 'bz'r] skill, power; powerful.'""'l>mand [-'wmnd] skilled, able.

abzay-, -Isn, v. abzudan.abzl>n ['pzwn l I M, J )bzwn, N afzun] increase, growth.-ig [_yk l ] increasing, expansive, bountiful.,"",il1ih: bountifulness.

abziidan, abzay- [lpzwtn l , 'pz'd- I M )bz)y-, N afzudan, afzay-] in­crease, grow.

'""'Isn: increase, growth.a-~ar [le)l] inevitable~ h&.pl:w

'""'ag [-k l ] compelled.

5 -all

a-dad ['d't'], a-dadestan ['-DYNA, -d'tst'n'] illegal. unjust.

,....ih: injustice, illegality.a-dahm. elPhm] uninitiated.-adan [-'tn l I P ·'dn, N -] suffix forming secondary infinitives.a-dan ['d'n' I M 'd'n] ignorant.-ih: ignorance.

-adan ['t'n l ] wealthy, solvent; wealth......ih: wealth.

a-dard ['dlt l ] painless.adarog ['tlwk l ], atax~ i..... : the simplest kind of sacred fire.adehig ['dhyk'] indigenous, domestic.aden ['tyn' I M 'dyn] entry.-aden- ['dyn- I = M] bring, lead.adist ['tylt l ] fire-stand .., dii;t"l~ ['J3·.m~l] ethiinfotllied. reoJ. ~'lil~~9adug [)tw/~1 I M "dwg] capable.. ~S \ "'~radur [)twr l 1M 'dwr, N adar] fire; the god' FIre'; cal. 9th month; 9th day. ":l--­i.ldurestar ['twrystl] ashes.

.....en [-yn l ] ashen.adur-gah ['twrg)s] fire altar. I

>afrah ['p1's I M "pr)h] teaching, doctrine. afJ~L. \:>pPc..\ Nf.......l.\ 'lke/: ;vi11\

a-frasawand ['pls)wnd] imperishable.afridan, afrin- I afur- ['jjlytn l , 'plyn-, )pwl- I M )p(w)ryd, 'pwr-, P

)fryn-, N iifaridan, afarin-] praise, 'bless; create.afrin ['pryn' I M )pryn, N afarin] praise, blessing. \\!.'.1A. nf"y·n

.....agan [-/~)nl] Afrinagan prayers.afrosag [)p/wlk l I N - a] a sweetmeat made of flour, butter, and honey.

, *'afstUan [)ps)l'n l I (N absa/an)] springtime.afsan [)ps'n' I (M "ps)ng). N afsana] story, fable.afsardan, afsar- [)psl-tn l ] cool down.afsardan. afsar- ['ps)l-tn l ] cool, freeze, extinguish.-isn: cooling.

afsay-, v. afsudan.afsenistan, afsen- ['psyn-stn l • v. abesihen-idan] destroy.-isn: destruction.

afson ['pswn l I N afsun] spell, incantation. tI\ r~afsos [,psws I N -] scorn, mockery.

.....gar [-gl] mocker.afsudan, afsay- ['pswtn l , )ps'd-] enchant, protect by spell.afsandan. afsan- ['#'n-tn l I N -] spread, scatter. sow.afsiirdan [)PI'ltn l I N -] = afsurdan.afsurdan, afsar- ['plwltn l , 'pel- I N -] press, compress. crush.iifuridan, afur- [)pw/-ytn l • v. afridan] create.

.....Um: creation.-a~ [-hi I M -g, N -a] sll17ix forming (i) adJectives, from nouns and 'verbal

stt'ms, (ii) 110m,s, from adJectives and present stems.

-ig 6 ahO§

-ig [-)k' I M ~)g, N -ti] suffix forming agent nouns from present stems.a-aih eg)s] without rank.Igih ek)s I M )g)(h), N -] aware, knowing.-ih: knowledge.

agihenidan, iglhen- [)k)syn-ytn'] inform.

igandan, agan- ekn-dn l I P ugnd, N -] fill, stuff.a-ganJ r>knc!] penniless.agar [HT, for A hn I M )gr, N -] if.agir [)k)ll M )g)r-] inactive, powerless; "~kN>-ih: inactivity, impotence.

agirenidan, agaren- [)k)lyn-ytn '] render powerless.agirihlstan, agarih- r>k)lyh-stn

'I M )g)ryyh-] become powerless.

ag-den [)k-, )gdyn'] of evil religion, infidel.

....,ih: heterodoxy, non-Mazdean religion.). Igenen r>k(y)nyn' I MC»g(y)nyn] together. v '"""",U>

'3 _.j.~~~ igO§ r>kw! I (P )gwc), N tiro!) embrace. '" >~'l" ).9~ a-gOwig [)gwb)k

'] speechless, dumb.

ayre [Jr-, )klyy = Av. ayrya-] highest, greatest.igrlft r>glpt l = Av. tigiJriJpta-] crime, offence; a degree of sin.

~"". a-grlftir [)glpt)l] intangible, impalpable.a-guman [)gwm)n l ] without doubt, certain.a-gumeg r>gwmyk

'I M )gwmyg] unmixed, pure.

....,ih: purity. , )igustan [)kwstn' 1M Hgwst] hang up, suspend. ~'~.l lwc..­ihan [)h(y)n', )s(y)n

'I M uhwn, N ....,] iron.

....,en esynyn'] iron, of iron.

....,gar [-kll N ....,] blacksmith.ihang [)hng] pull, draught.ihanJidan [)hncytn

'] = ihlxtan.

ahaniiz [)hnwc I M )hnwn-c, N hanilz] yet, still.ihen = ihan, q.v.ihid r>hyt

'I M C»hyd] stain, impurity; confused.

....,ih: pollution; confusion.ihlxtan, ihanJ- [)hhtn ' , )hnc- I M )hxtn, Chynz-), N tihixtan, -] draw

out, pull up, extract.ahli ehey I (M -)hr)y)] righteous (of Sru!).ahlawehlwb' I M )hhv] righteous.-ih: righteousness.

ahlaw-did ehlwb d)t l ] alms, charity.ahliyih ehPdyh] righteousness. AlJJftJJtjN\C\ IJ\.l.T"'t\jl ~ AdahlomiJy [)hlmwk

'I M )hlmwg] heretic. ..-J

-Ih: heresy.ihOg ehwk l I M Uhwg, N aha] fault, blemish.ihiJgenidan, ihiJgen- ehrvkyn-ytn

'] defile.

a-hominig [)hwm)n)k'] unlike.

ah()§ ehwI] deathless, immortal.

ah6Alh 7 amAwand

.....ih: immortality.iihr phl] dread, fury.ahrAftan, ahrAm- ['hl'ptn

', 'hl'm- I M 'hr'ptn, 'hr'm-] raise, lead up.

Ahreman ['hl(y)mn l 1M 'hrmyn, N.....,] the Evil Spirit...·.horiAwaA~ E'J,I,htt,r,rl 1\.1"".Ahila [TYBA < A Iby'; 'hwk' I M (')'hwg, N tihu] gazelle.ahunawar phnwl] the holiest prayer, beginning Ya8a ahu wairyo.a-hunsand ['hwnmd] dissatisfied.

.....ih: dissatisfaction.ahy [KZY < A k-zy I M 'hy] soon(est), first.ajgahAn ['fgh'n' I M 'jg'h'n, N azgahtin] lazy, indolent.

.....,ih: laziness, indolence.ak ['kl I N dk] evil, harm.-ak [-kl IN.....,] diminutive suffix.a-kAma~l)mand ek'mh'wmnd] unwilling.a-kanara~ ['kn'lk l I M 'qn'rg] unlimited, boundless......,lh: boundlessness.

a-kard ['krt' I (M 'gyrd)] not done, undone.Akl)man ['kwmn' 1M 'qwmn] Evil Thought, an arch-demon.akl)mand ['k'wmnd] evil, harmful.alA ['I'y] oh! alas!Alag [STLA, STRA < A itr'; 'lk l I (M "rg)] side.alAla~ ['l'lk l I N lala] anemone.JUly-, v. AUidan.Aleksandar ['Ikmdll M 'lxsyndr, N Iskandar] Alexander (of Macedon).almls(t) ['Im's(t l ) I (M 'rm's), N almas] steel; diamond.IUldag ['lwth l ] defiled, polluted......,lh: defilement.

AUldan, illy- plwtn', 'l'd- I (M 'rwd), N .....,] defile, pollute.Iluh [,lwh I M "lwf, N .....,] eagle.'Wlum ['lwm] millet. tJ IV

ami [LNE < A l-nh I M 'm'h, N mal we, us.Amadan, Ay- [YATWN-tn' < Ay'twn, AtI'th 1M 'mdn, "y-, N.....,] come.amahraspand ['mhrspnd I M (')mhr'spnd] a Holy Immortal.a-mar ['ml] countless, innumerable.ImAr ['m'll N .....,] reckoning, consideration.Imlr- ['m'l-] reckon, calculate.

.....,iAn: reckoning.a-mara~ ['mlk l ] countless.amaral1An ['mlk'n l ] generality, commonalty•

.....,lg [-yk' ] general.-ihl [-yh'] in general, generally.a-mar~ ['mig] deathless, undying......,lh: deathlessness, immortality.

amArl1ar ['m'lgll N ....,] reckoner.amawand ['m'wnd] powerful, strong.

amlwandih 8

amiwandih: power, strength.ambag ['mbk' I N anba]iit] a preserve, conserve.ambar ['mhl, )nbll Ar. Canbar] ambergris.ambarag ['mblk l I N anbara] hairless (animal).P amburdan [hj>mbwltn' I P )mb)r-] = hambaridan.a-menidir ['mynyt)l] unthinking.Amextan, amez- ['myhtn', )myc- I M )myxtn, )myz-, N ,..,] mix.,..,i~n: mixture; element.

Amiz [)myc] side dish, vegetables.timoxtan, iimoz-, read hamm6xtan, hammoz-.Amurdad ['m(w)rdt' IN murdtid] Immortality, the sixth Amahraspand,

guardian of plants and food; cal. 5th month; 7th day.imurzidan, iimurz- [)mwlc-ytn l 1M )mwrz-yd, N -] forgive, pity, have

mercy on.-i~n: mercy, forgiveness.

P amwaAtan [h/)mwftn l I P )mwft] gather, collect.an- ['n- I M )n-] prevocalic privative prefix, un-, -less.in [ZK < A zk; )n' 1M h)n, N,..,] that, he.- i: that of; with a qualifier preceding a noun, equivalent to a following i

e.g. an i ahlawiin ruwan = ruwiin i ahlawan, the souls of therighteous.

-an [_)n l I M -)n, N ......] suffix forming (i) present participles, (ii) adverbs,(iii) plurals.

AnAb-, -iAn, v. anaftan.an-Abidiin [)n)j?t)n'] uncultivated.an-abaxAIwand ['n)phl)wnd] unrepentant.-ih: unrepentance.

an-ably ['n)p)d] unfitting, improper.an-abedin ['n)pyt)n l ] useless, unwanted.-ih: uselessness.

anibuhlag ['n)pwhlk' = Av. anapt/rt/(Ja-] inexpiable, unatonable; thehighest degree of sin.

an-abzar ['n)pz)l] unskilled, incapable.-ih: inability.

an-idin ['n)t)n l ] insolvent.-ih: insolvency.

an-IdDI! ['n)twk'] incapable.an-afseniAn ['n)psynfn l ] indestructible.inaftan, anib- ['n)pen', )n)p- I M )n)pt, Cn'm-)] avert, reject, frustrate.-iAn: avoidance, warding off.

anag ['n)k' I M )n)g] evil.-ih : evil, harm.

an-agah ['n)k)s I N ntigah] unaware, unwitting.anilg-kardilr ['n)k' krt'l], -kuniAn [-kwnsn'] evil-doer, maleficent.anagr ['ngl] infinite.-an [-'n' I M 'nyr)n] Infinite Light; cal. 30th day.

anaf!\r-rOsn(ih) 9 anerib

.....,-rOsn(ih) [-lwIn', -lwInyh] Infinite Light.anahid ['n'hyt' I N ntihid] immaculate; a goddess; astr. Venus.an-ahOf!\ ['n'hwk'] undefiled.an-aUld ['n'lwtl] undefiled.a-nam~istif!\ ['n'mcftyk l ] unspecified.an-Imurzid ['n'mwlcyt l I M 'n'mwrzCyd] merciless.an-amurzisn ['n'mwlcfn'] mercilessness.anlr ['n'll N .....,] pomegranate.anarf!\el ['n'lgyll N ntirgel] coconut.an-arzlnif!\ ['n'lc'nyk l ] undeserving, unworthy.an-ast ['nA YTI] non-existent.

......ih: non-existence.Anast ['n'st l ] spoilt, destroyed.

......ih: destruction.anastag, ['n'stk'] = anast.an-astawln ['n-'stwb'n' , -'stwp'n l ] disbelieving......,ih: disbelief.

an-astih ['n'Ityh] discord, enmity; disquiet, unrest.anay-, v. anidan.an-ayad ['n'byd't '] forgotten.an-Izarm ['n'clm] without respect, dishonoured......,ih: dishonour......,ig, [-yk

'] dis-, un-honoured.

and ['nd I = M, N .....,] so much, many......, ~and ['ndcnd] as much as, however much.

-andag, v. -endag,.andaf!\ ['nd'k l I P 'nd'g] sorrow......,(.nen [_(k)ynl I P 'nd'gyn] sad, sorrowful.

andak ['ndk l I = M, N .....,] little, few.andar [B YN < A byn I M 'ndr, N ......] in, among, towards, concerning.

....., ably~d: it is necessary.

....., amadan: come in, enter.

....., awurdan: bring about, produce.

....., biidan: be contained in.

....., sudan: enter, set (sun).

....., widardan: outstrip.andarag, ['ndlg] in, between, among.andarmah ['ndlm'h] new moon.andaron ['ndlwn l I M 'ndrwn, N ......run] inside, within.andarway ['ndlw'd I (P 'ndrw'z)] air, atmosphere.

.....,ig, [-yk l ] of the air, atmospheric.and-~and, v. and.andOh ['ndwh I M 'ndwx-, N.....,] sorrow.

......g~n [-kn' I N -gin] sad, sorrowful.aner [)n)yl] non-Aryan, ignoble.

......jh: ignobility, barbarity.

anerAn 10 a-purstsnil1

aneran [)n).:rl)71I] non-Eran, the world beyond Eran.an-erang [)n)ylng] blameless.an-espas [)nsj?s] ungrateful.--ih: ingratitude. ") tw p'~ \~~

anguben [DWBSYA < A dbs; )ngpyn' IN angubin] honey. lJ}~) ~""~...

angur [ANBE < A (nb); )ngwll N --] grape. .. ') kN",~ tangust pngwst l I (N angust)] finger, toe; unit of length (1 in.). \,~--arig [-lyk

'] finger ring.

--ban [-p)n l ] finger-guard, -stall.anidan, anay- [HYTYWN-tn l < A hyty, ...; )th; )71ytnl ] bring, lead.anig pnyk l I (N pesani)] front, forehead.ani-z [AHRN(y)c, v. any I N 7liz] other also.anJir [)ncylj N --] fig.anOdag [)nwtk' I M )nwdg] strange, alien.--ig [-yk

'] foreign.

anOh, .anoy [TME < A tmh I M )mvh, )wy] there.an-Ost [)n)wst l ] infirm, unreliable.anos pnwf] lit. immortal, i.e. the next life; elixir, antidote.-- xwardan: risk death, fight to the death.

anOlag r>nwsk l I M )mvsg, N --a] immortal.--ih: immortality.---ruwan [-lwb)n l ] the late, deceased.

an-olmAr pn)wsm)l] countless, innumerable.anOs-xwar [)nwshwl] mortal.·anOy,v. anOh.ansahrig pnftr'yk'] slave.an-ummed [)n)wmyt l I J )nwmyd, N naumed] hopeless, despairing.an-uspurrig pn)wspwlyk

'] imperfect.

any [AHRN < A )ltrn; (corruptly, ZK)y = ·an-i) I M )n(r)] other.a-pattiig pptwk

'] impatient.

a-payman [)ptm)n l ] immoderate.--ih: immoderation.

·apedag [>j',ytk'

I P )pyd(g)] lost, stray.--dAr [-d)l] custodian of stray animals.

a-petitig [)j)tytyk'] unrepentant, unconfessed.

--ih: unrepentance.a-petyarag Pp(y)tyd)lk l ] without misfortune, unassailed.a-poltisn [)j)whSn

'] incorruptible.

appar [)pll M )pr] robbery, theft.appAr [>Pl] taken away, removed.--ih: removal, loss, deprivation.

apparag [)j.ilg] robber.appurdan, appar- [YHNCLWN-tn l < A yhnllwn, ...; n#; )j.il- I M

)pwrd, )p(w)r-] steal.--lin: stealing, theft.

a-pursisnig [)pwrsfnyk l ] irresponsible.

a-pus I I Arz6g

a-pus PBRE] without a son, childless.ar-, v. ardan. , I ~\,A~\t )

aranJ plnc IN....,] elbow. '~~'j.l l'~·a·rast ['r)st l ] untruth.arastan, aray- [)l'stn', 'l'd- IN....,] prepare, arrange, adorn.....,isn: arrangement, adornment.a.rawa~ ['lwb'k'] immobile.Ard ['ft! I M )yrd, N ....,] a goddess; cal. 25th day.ard [KHMA < A qmJ/; )lt l IN....,] flour.arda ['It'y I (M 'rd'w)] righteous, truthful.ardan, ar- [THNN-tn' < A ..; ltzn; 'l-tn'] grind, mill.ardayih ['It)dyh I M 'rd'yyh] righteousness, rectitude.ardi~ Pltyk' I M 'rdyg] battle.ardikkar ['ltykkl, -kl I M 'rdyqr] warlike, warrior.....,ih: doing battle.

ardus ['ldwf = Av. ar~du!-] a degree of sin.Ardwahist prtwhlt l I M 'rdywhy!t, (N urdibihift)] Right, the second

Amahraspand, guardian of fire; cal. 2nd month; 3rd day.aresk ['lyfk' I M (')ryfk, N ralk] envy, jealousy.---en [-yn'] envious, jealous.

aresn ['lfn' I M »ryfn-, N (a)rif] cubit.aryand ['Ignd I N ---] horrible.argawan ['lgwk'n' IN aryawan] purple.armest [)lmy!t'] inactive, infirm.---ih: infirmity.

armest-gah [-g's] secluded place for the infirm.aroyisn ['Iwdfn'] growth.---i~ [-.yk'] growing, vegetable.

ars ['Is I M 'rs, N ---] tear (drop).artestar ['Ityft'll N arUMiir!] warrior.---ih: warriorhood.

arus ['Iws] white.arwand ['Iwnd] swift, valiant; river Orontes.---ih: swiftness, valour.

arwes ['lwys I M 'rwys, N ---] rope.arz [KSP' < A ksp; 'Ic I N ~] worth, value.Arzah ['lz)/z = Av. ar~zahi-] the eastern continent of the earth.arzan [PC < A prg); 'len' I N ---] millet.arzan [)/e'n I M: 'rz'n, N -] valuable, worthy.---ig [-yk'] worthy.-igih: value, worth, worthiness.

arzidan, arz· [)le-ytn' I N -] be worth.-isn: value, worth.

arziz pleye I M '1"zyz, N -] tin, lead.-en [-yn'] tin, leaden.

arzog ['lcwk' I M )wrz'lvg, N llrzo] desire, lust.

arzlimand 12 AsGdan

arzOmand ['Ic'wmnd I (N arjumand)] valuable, worthy......ih: value, worth.

Arzur ['Izwl] a demon; a mountain at the mouth of hell.a~sag ['s'k l I M 's'g] innumerable, countless.asAn ['s'n l IN .....] at rest, easy, peaceful.

........ih: rest, ease, peace.a~sar ['sl] endless.asay~, ........i§n,v.asfidan.a~sazag ['sc)k

'] unfitting, unsuitable.

a~sazi§nlig ['scfn-yk'] imperishable, permanent.

.....ih: imperishability, permanence.a-se} ['syc] free from danger.asem ['sym I = M, N sim] silver.

.....en [-yn l I N -in] silver(n).asrnAn ['sm)n l I = M, N asman] sky, heavens; cal. 27th day.asn ['sn l ], ..... xrad: innate wisdom.asnidag ['snytk

'] = asnildag.

asnfid(ag) [)snwt(k)'] cleansed, purified; pure,~.a-sohi§n ['swhfn

') unfeeling.

asp [SWSYA < A swsy'; 'sp IN ........] horse; (chess) knight. D)"j \p­aspAnfir ['sp'nwl] tomb.a~spAs ['sp's] ungrateful.aspast [,spst l I N .-...] clover, lucerne.

0S.\ "S/l'lIt_~-aspin} ['spnc I p Cspynj, N sipanj] hospitality; inn. \')..J ~

aspres ['splys IN .....] race-course.asrO ['slwk

'= Av. aOrawa] priest.

.....ih: priestly office.asro-kerpQ ['slw(k)'klpk = Av. aOro ki1hrp-] the form of fire.asron ['slwn' = Av. a8rawan-] priest.last [AYTI < A )yty I M )st, N .....] is, exists.

.....ih: existence.lIast(ag) ['st(k) I I M 'st(g), N hasta] bone; (fruit) stone.astanag ['st)nk l ] need, misfortune.

.....ornand [-'wmnd] needy.astar ['st'/l M 'st'r] sin.AstArenidan, astAren- ['selyn-ytn

'] cause to sin.

Istawln ['stwb'n l , )stwp'n l I M ))stw'n] confessing, professing......ih: confession, belief.

astodln ['stw(k)d'n'

I M 'stwd'n] sepulchre, ossuary.astomand [)st)wmnd] corporeal, material.

.....ih: corporeality.astuxan ['sth(w»n' I N ustuxWan] bone.astwand ['stwnd I = M] = astomand.Astwihld ['stwyd't

'] the demon of death.

asiidan, asly- ['swtn l , )s)d- IN ........] rest, repose......iAn: rest, peace.

aswar 13 Aw~nidan

aswar ['swb)l, )sjno)ll N suwar] horseman, rider•.......ih: horsemanship, riding.

asyab ['sy'p] (water-)mill.asyag ['sy'k l I N asya] mill(-stone).as ['I] the evil eye.aslxtan, asin}- ['Iyhtn', )Inc- I P )Iyxt] pour, flow, overflow.askamb [KL{iE < A krs'; )/kmb l I M c/kmb, N Iikam] belly, womb.

.....ag [_kl I N !ikamba] = askamb.askarAg ['/k)l(')k l I M )Iq)rg, N tUkara] obvious, evident.

.....ih: revelation, confession.askaragenidan ['Ik)l'kyn-ytn l ] reveal, confess.askob ['Ikwp I N dlko(b)] roof, ceiling.askom(b) ['/kwm(b l )] = askamb.asmii [LKWM < A l-kwm I M )Im'(h), N /umii] you (pl.).iisnag ['/n'k l I M "!n'g, N tUna] known.Asnawag [)!nw)k' I M '!nw'g, N lunawa] hearing•

.....ih: (sense of) hearing.Asniidan, Asnaw- [OSMEN-tn

'< A"'; Imc; )Inwtn' I M )lnwdn, )!nw.,

N luniidan, lunaw-] hear, understand......isn: hearing.

aso [)Iwk l = Av. mawa] righteous.iis6b ['Iwp I P nlwb, N ] disturbance, tunnoil.Astiid ['It)t l I M )It)d, N ] the goddess Rectitude; cal. 26th day.astag ['Itk l ] messenger.

.....ih: mission.astar ['Itl] whip.astih ['Ityh I M "It, N alti] peace.Aswahist [)lwMt l ] = Ardwahist.asyan(ag) ['Iyd)n(k) I I (M )hy)ng), N iilyana] nest, lair.ataxs [)tM = Av. atarl I Nata!] fire.iiwiidag ['wb'tk l I J )w)d] generation.iiwahan [)wb)hn l ] fortified place, stronghold.iiwiim ['wb'm I M )w'm] time, season.-iiwand [-)wnd I M ·)w(y)nd] suffix forming adjectives of quality.awar [LPNME < A l-pn-h 1M )wr] hither! come!iiwar-, v. iiwurdan.a-wardag ['wlt)k l ] undeviating.a-wardisnig ['wltfnyk l ] immutable.

.....ih: immutability.awarisn [,wblln l 1M )wryln] abode, home.a-warzid ['wleyt l ] untilled .• awiis-, v. ·awlstan.Awiiz [,p'c IN .....] voice, sound.a-wazisnig ['we!nyk l ] immobile.awenidan, awen- ['wyn-ytn' I (P )bwyn-)] admonish, blame•

.....Isn: blame, reproach.

aweniAnig 14 ayAb..

awenisnig: blameworthy.a-wenisnig [)wynfnyk'] invisible.awerag ['wylk

'] = aweran.

aweran ['wyl'n l , )pyl'n l I N weran] desolate, ruined.awestad [)wst)t' I M )'wyst)d, N ostad] master (craftsman).awestam ['wst)m I M )wyst)m] province, district.awestarag ['wstlk ' I N ustura] razor.awestardan, awestar- ['wstl-tn l I P )wystr-, N suturdan] wipe; shave.

.......isn: wiping.awestwar ['wsw.Nll M )wystw)r, N ustuwar] firm, reliable.

.......ih: reliability, firmness.awMan [OLEI)n, v. oy I M )wyl'n, N €fan] they, those.a-winah [)wn)s] innocent.a-wlnast [)wnst l ] unharmed, immaculate.awis ['wbf I M )wyf] to him, it; postposition (= 0) to.awistiib [,wft)p I M )wyft)b, N iitab] oppression.P awistadan, awist- ['wft-)tn l I P )wyft)dn] stand.awistiiftan, awlstiib- ['wft)p-tn l I M )w)'ft)b-, N fita/tan, fitab-]

oppress; hasten (tr.).·iiwistan, ·Awiis- [HTYMWN-tn' < A btym, ...; btm; )wbltn l I M

)wyft] seal.a-wiyiibanig ['wyd)p'nyk l I N biyabiini] astr. fixed (star).a-wizirisnig [)wcyllnyk

'] unavoidable, inevitable.

Awurdan, iiwar- [YHYTYWN-tn'< A hyty, ...; )th I M ))wrd, )wr-,

N .......] bring.axezidan ['hycytn'] = axistan.axistan, axez- ['hstn', )hyc- I M )xyst, )xyz-] rise, stand up.AxrAmidan, Axram- [)hl'm-ytn

'I M )xr)m-, N xiram-idan] stride, strut.

axtar ['htll M )xtr, N .......] star, constellation, sign of the zodiac.axtar(a)mar ['htW)m)l] astrologer.

.......ih: astrology.taxw ['hw

'] being, existence, world.

2axw ['hw l I M )wx] mind, will; vital force.'axw ['hw'] lord.a-xwamn ['hwmn'] sleepless.axwiin [)hw)n

'] = laxw.

a-xwirih ['hw)lyh] unhappiness.axwarr ['hwll N axur] manger, stable•

.......-salar [-srd)l] head groom.a-xwas [)BSYM] unpleasant; unhappy.

....,ih: unhappiness.a-xweskiir ['hwylk)l] undutiful.ay ['Y IN .......] that is to say.iiy-, v. amadan.ayAb ['ywp I M )y)b, N yel] or.ayab- v. ayaftan.

ayAblg IS azarmIglh

ayAblg ['yJpe)k'] acquisitive, receptive.

-ih: comprehension.ayid [JbydJt l I M JyJd, N yad] memory.- kardan: remember.-gAr [_kJll N -gar] memoir.

Ayaft ['dypt ' I M uj'jJt, N ayift] boon, favour, gift.ayAftan, ayAb- [JyJp_tnl I M JyJpt, JyJb_, N ya/tan, yab-] obtain, acquire,

attain.ayAr [hdybJ11 M hyJr , N yar] helper, friend .

......ih: help, friendship.ayArdenidan, ayirden- ['yJltyn-ytnl] boil, agitate•

.....fin: agitation.ayiirdidan, ayArd- [JyJlt_ytn l I M JyJrd_] be agitated, seethe.ayiiridan, ayir- [hdybJl-ytn

'IN yar-Ulan] I. help, assist; 2. be able, dare.

ayirlimand [hdybJlJwmnd IN yarmand] helpful, friendly......ih: helpfulness, friendliness.

ayAsidan, ayAs- ['l!ygJs-ytnl I M JyJs_] remember, be mindful of......iin(ih): memory.

ayAstan [Jl!ygJstn l I M JyJst] = ayisidan.Ayfim ['dIm] moon.ayOxiust ['ywkhfwst l = Av. ayoxlusta- I M Uywdyst I] metal.-en [-yn l ] metallic.

AyOxtan, AyOz- ['ywhtn', Jywe_] join, yoke.

.....iin: union, alliance.lAyOzidan [Jyweytnl] = AyOxtan.IAyOzidan, iiyOz- [Jywe-,'tn l I P uyu,It, Uywz_] trouble, disturb; strive,

struggle......fin(ih): endeavour, strife.

laz [MN < A mn; he I M Je, Jz , N -] from, than.laz [,el] dragon.• az [ANE < A Jnh I P Jz] I.iz ['e I M u z , N ......] greed, lust. ~l· vz_azabar [hepl I M Je Jbr, N zabar] above. ­izAd [JcJ t ' I M uzJd, N ......] I. noble; 2. free.izAdih ['eJtyh] I. freedom; 2. gratitude, thanks.,... guftan, ,... hangirdan, - kardan, pad ..... distan: thank, give

thanks.izAr ['eJ11 N -] torment.Azardan [Jeltn l 1M Uzyrdn] = izirdan.AZirdan, iizir- ['eJl-tn' IN ......] torment, injure.

.....fin: torment, injury.liizarm ['elm I M u zrm, N -] honour, respect.lizarm ['elm 1 M U zrm-] harm, injury.a-zarmin ['zlmJn l ] ageless, Wlaging.izarmig [Jclmyk l ] honoured, respected.--ih: honour, respect.

azbay- 16 bAl~n

azbay. [)zb)d-] invoke.......isn: invocation.

azd [)zd I = M] known.Azdaha~ ecydh)k

'I M )zdh)g, (N azdaha)] a legendary 'dragon' king,

Dahag.azdenidan, azden- ezdyn-ytn

'] inform.

azer [hedll N zir] below, under.az~ [)zg I N azy] branch.azis [he! I M )eyl, )zyl] from him, it; postposition (= az) from•

......-keh [-ks] inferior, subordinate.,.",·meh [-ms] superior.Az.kAma~ [)ek)mk l ] greedy.

......ih: greediness.azmiidan, azmay- ezmwtn', )zm)d- I N a......] = uzmiidan.aznawar ezn)wl I M )zn] noble.azraw-, v. azruftan.azray- [)zr)d-] adorn.azruftan, azraw- [C)zlwp-tn l I M Czrw-] go out, be extinguished.azurdan eewltnl IN ......] = azardan.Azwar eewll N,.",] greedy.

......ih: greed.

Bb-, v. biidan.babr [bpl IN ......] tiger.babrag [bplk' ] beaver.-bad, v. -bed.bada~ [b)tk

'I N ......a] wine, must.

bAy [b)g I (M b'w), N ......] garden, orchard.bayobaxt [bkwbht

', b)gwkb)ht

'= Av. bayo.baxta·] fortune dispensed

by the gods, providence.bahr [b)hll M bhr, N ......] part, portion, share, lot.bahra~ [b)hlk'], (az) an,.", rAy: on that account.bahromand .[b)hl)wmnd I N bahramand] divisible, composite; pros·

perous.......ih: compositeness; prosperity.

bahrwar [b)hlwll N bahrawar] endowed, provided.......ih: endowment, provision, advantage.

ba} [b)e I N .-..] tribute, tax.baHidur [bl'twr IN ......] marking nut.bala~ [b)lk

'I N hal] wing.

bAIAy [b'l'd I N bala] height, stature.lbaU~n [b)lyn'] top, peak.lIbalen [b)lyn l I N biilin] cushion, pillow.

17 bayaspAn

,,-,-gah [-g)s] sleeping-platform, bench, couch.b~ilist [b)lyst l I (M b)ryst)] highest; summit; astr. exaltation.,,-,ih: highness, exaltedness.,,-,ig [-yk

'] on high, exalted.

baUi [b'lfn l ! I N ,,-,] cushion, pillow.bam [b'm I = M] brilliance, glory, splendour. Q. ­bambiin [MLKTA < A mlkt'; b'nbfn l 1M b'nby!n] queen. ,,-"J,..\iha.-fQ.tJflbamdad [b'md't' 1 M b)md)d, N ,,-,] dawn, morning.biimig [b)myk'] brilliant, glorious.-ban [-p)n l I M -b'n, N ,,-,] suffix, -keeper, -guard.band [bnd I = P, N ,,-,] bond, link.band-, v. bastan.bandag [bndk' 1 P bndg, N ,,-,a] servant.bang [bng IN ,,-,] henbane.baniig [b'nwk' 1 N biinu] lady.bar [bll N ,,-,] fruit, produce, profit.bar-, ,,-,iin. v. burdan.Ibiir WI 1 N ,,-,] time, occasion.2bar [b)11 N -] bank, shore.3bar [b'll M b)r, N -] fruit."bar [b)11 M b'r, N -] load, burden; duty.biirag [b'lk ' I N -a] mount, horse.barbut [blbwt ' I N -] lyre.biirestan [b'lst>n l ] patient, resigned.-ih: patience, resignation.

biirig/k [b'lyk' 1 N barik (cf. tiirig)] thin, fine, subtle.biir-Jiimag [b)ly)mk l I N -a] saddle-bag.baromand [bPwmnd I N -] fruitful, prolific.barsom [blswm I M brswm] the bunch of twigs used in the Yasna cere­

mony.badniim [blfnwm] the major purification ritual.bastan. band- [ASLWN-tn' < A -V 'sr; bstn',bnd- I M bstn, (bn-), P

bnd-, N -] tie, bind.biistan [b)st)n

'I M b'yst'n, N ,,-,] always, often.

bas [YHWWNII M b)f, N ,,-,] be! (imperative of biidan, q.v.)baskuc [bfkwc] gryphon.basn [bIni I = P] top, peak; stature; mane (v. bui).baw- isn. v. biidan.baxs-, isn, v. baxtan.baxt [bC)ht

'IN .......] fortune, fate.

baxtan, baxs- [HLKWN-tn' < A"'; l;tlq; bC)htn', bhl- I M bxt, bxl-, Nbaxfidan] apportion, distribute.

.......isn: bestowal, distribution.bay [ORHYA < A )lh; bk l , bg I M by] god, lord.im ....... : his Majesty. oy -: his late Majesty.

bayaspiin [by'sp'n l ] messenger, envoy.n.UllU

blzeik18bayaspAnih

bayaspAn\ih: mission, embassy......ig [-yk

'] post-(horse).

baz [b)c IN .....] hawk, falcon.baza [b)e)y I (N bazu)] arm.

.....banag [-p)nk l ] ann-guard, brassard.bazag [bek ' I M bzg, N .....a] sin, evil.

.....ih: = bazag.bazakkar [bekkZ I M bzkr] sinful, sinner.bazA-zanlsnih We)y znfnyh = Av. bazu.jata-] a degree of sin.badin [bcfn l ] division, part.bazm [bzm I = M, N ] meal, feast .

.....-awurd [-)wZt l IN ] a sort of canape.Ib~ [BRA < A br) I M b)] but; out; ,...., ... (enya), except.

,...., ... enyA ... ne: except ... (otherwise) ... not.,...., az: without. I

2be [BRA I M b), N bi-] particle with verbs, with 0, of indefinable function.-bed [-pt' I M -byd, N -baji/ud] suffix, -lord, -master.bedom [bytwm I M bydwm] furthermost.beganag [byk)nk

'I N ......a] strange; stranger.

begar [byk)ll N .....] corvee, forced labour.beh [byh I N bih] quince.btU [byl I (M byr), N .....] spade.beliir [bylwll M bylwr, N biZiir] crystal.beron [byZwn

'I M byrwn, N berun] outside.

bM [byf] pain, sorrow; hann, hostility....... burdan: bear hostility.

bM-, .....lin, v. blstan.bMaz [byfC}z] healing, medicinal.besaz(en)- [by.ez(yn)-, byfC)c6'n)- I M byez-] heal, cure.

.....isnih: healing.bes-burdar [byfbwlt)l] hostile.bMidan [by/ytn'] = blitan.besomand [byewmnd] sorrowful.bewar [bywll M bywr, N,....,] myriad, ten thousand.P bid [byt

'I P byd] again.

bldaxs [bythf] viceroy.-blJagan [bck)n'] medicinal.bim [bym I = M, N ,....,] fear, terror.,....,g~n [-kn

'] fearful, terrible.

......g~nih: fearfulness .

.....omand [-)wmnd] fearful.·blstag [bstk' I N busta] hazelnut.bis [byf IN .....] aconite.blstan, bes- [byf-tn' I M byft, byf-] hurt, torment.

......lln: harm, torment.blzeik [bcfk l I M bzyfk, N pizifk] doctor, physician.

bob 19 brinj

bob [bwp I N -] fine carpet.bijr [bwll N ......] reddish~brown, bay (horse).horz [bwlc I P bwrz] high.borz-wang [btvlcw)ng] loud.-iha [-yh)] aloud.

bowandag [bwndk l I M bwndg] complete, entire, perfect.......ih: completeness, entirety, completion.......-IIlenisnih [~mynlnyh] right-mindedness.

boxtag [bwhtk' I M bwxtg] saved.-ih: salvation.

boxtan, boz- [bwhtn', bwc- I M bwxtn, bwz-] save, redeem.......isn [-In' I J bwzyfn/t, N pozif] salvation; apology.

boxtar [bwht)ll M bwxt)r] saviour.-ih: salvation.

Iboy [bwd] perception, sense.2boy [bwd I M bwy, N ......] smell, scent.boyag [bwd)k

'I M bwy)g, N boya] scented.

boy-dar [bwdd)ll N ......] scented.boyenidan. boyen- [bwdyn-ytn

'] scent, perfume.

boyestiin [bwdst'n l I M bwyst)n, N bostan] (flower) garden.......ban [-p'n'] gardener.

boyidan. boy- [bwd-ytn' IN ......] smell (intr.).boz- .......isn. v. boxtan.brad [AH < A )1J; bl)t' I M br)d] brother.-ar [bl)tll M br)dr, N biriidar] brother.

*bradarod [bPtlwt'] relative, rival, counterpart.......ih: relationship, rivalry.

brah [bl)h I N barah] brilliance, splendour.brahIll(ag) [bW)hm(k

') I M brhm(g)] form, manner, costume.

brahnag [bW)hnk' 1M brhng, N bara/ma] naked.braIll- [b(w)t>m- I (P brm-)] weep, lament.

......ag [-k' I P -g] weeping, lamentation.brazidan, braz- [bt>c~ytn' I M br)z-, N bariizidan] shine, gleam.

......isn: radiance, brightness.

......isnig: shining, radiant.breh [bly(y)h] fate, destiny.brehenidan, brehen- [blyhyn-ytn l ] I. create, fashion; 2. decree.

......ag [-)k'] decreeing. .

......isn: I. creation; 2. decree, destiny.brez-, v. bristan.brezan [blycn' I M bryzn, N barezml] oven.bridan, brin- [PSKWN-tn l < A ..; psq; blytn', blyn- I M bryd, N

buridan] cut (off), sever.brin [blyn

'] cut, division, delimitation; limited, determined.

......gar [-kl] determiner; decisive.1brioj [bhlC I N birinj] rice.

brinj 20 buz

2brinj [blnc I (M bryng), N birinJ] bronze, brass......,en [-yn'] bronze, brazen.

brin6mand [blyn)wmnd] delimited.bristan, brez- [blyftn

', blyc- I M bryz-, N biriftan] roast.

bru~ [blwk'

I M brwg, N abru] (eye)brow.biidan, b(aw)- [YHWWN-tn' < Ayhwwn, ...; hwh; bwtn' , b- I M bwdn,

bw-, N budan] be, become.bawisn: becoming, genesis.

buf [bwp IN.....,], ·bii~ [bwk'] owl.buland [bwlnd I = M, N.....,] high.biim [bwm IN.....,] land, earth, country......,-tanda~ [-cndk

'] earthquake.

lbun [bwn' I = M, N.....,] base, foundation, bottom.2bun [bwn l IN.....,] = wan.buna~ [bwnk

'I N .....,a] baggage; abode, camp.

,.., dastan: dwell, settle.bun-dahisn(ih) [bwndhSn

', -yh] primal creation.

bunih [bwnyh] beginning.bunist [bwnyft

'I = M] foundation .

.....,a~ [-k l ] principle.bun-kada~ [bwnktk l ] original house, home.bun-xan [bwnh)n

'] source.

bur-, .....,isn, v. buridan.bura~ [bwl)k

'] cutting, sharp.

buram-, v. bram-.burd [bwlt

'I M bwrd] patient.

..... ih: patience.burdan, bar- [Y,BLWN-tn

'< A"'; ybl; bwltn

', bl- I M bwrd, br-, N.....,]

carry, bear, take, endure......,isn: bearing, behaviour.

burdar [bwlt)l] bearer; womb......,ih: patience.

burd-esn6hr [bwlt'

fnwhll P bwrdyfnwhr] grateful, thankful.bur~ [bwlg I (Ar. burj)] tower.buridan, bur- [bwl-ytn

'1M bwr-, N.....,] = bridan.

.....,isn: cutting.Burz [bwlc] the god of agriculture.Burzenmihr [bwlcynmtr

'] the third major Fire of Sasanian Eran, that

of husbandmen.burzidan, burz- [bwlc-ytn l ] praise, honour......,isn: praise, honour.-isni~: praiseworthy.

bus [bwf IN,..,] mane.busasp [bwesp I M bwfy)sp, N .....,] sleep, sloth; dream. '\but [bwt ' I = M, N -] Buddha; idol.buz [AZ < A cz ; bwc IN.....,] goat.

tAbuk 21

tabuk [e'pwk'

I N --] agile, nimble; excellent.--ih: agility.

tadur [e'twll N --] sheet, veil.tagad [ek't l I (N cakiid), J ceyiid] peak, summit.tagar [ekl] wife (of the second degree).tah [e'h I N --] pit, well.tahar [ALBA < A 'rb(; eh)ll M eh'r, N ,...,] four.,...,dah [eh'ldh IN,...,] fourteen.,...,-pay [eh'lp'd IN,..., > liirwii] quadruped.

takok [ekwk IN,..." cakiiwak] lark.takut [ekwe I N cakuJ] hammer.tambar [embll N,...,] circle, hoop.tam.iAn [emfn l I M embyfn (?)] urination; lavatory.

. tand [end I = M, N,...,] how many, much?; so many, much; some, a few.,...,ih: amount, quantity.

_ tandal [endll N,...,] sandalwood.tandidan, tand- [end-ytn' I (M en-ystn)] tremble, quake.,...,iAn: trembling, movement.

tang [eng 1M fnng, N,...,] harp.""'-sray [-sPd] harpist.

tar [ell] = tarag.tarag [elk' I M erg] pasture, grazing; flock.tarag [e'lk l I N ,...,a] means, remedy.,...,garih [-glyh] ability, savoir faire.

tarb [elp I P erb, N ,...,] mild, gentle; fatty, oily.,...,ih: gentleness; fattiness.,...,iAn [-fn l ] fat, oil.-iAnomand [-m'wmnd] oleaginous.

tarm [elm I M crm, N -] skin, hide, leather.tariig [e)lwk l I N caru] lime, mortar.-en [-yn l ] limy.

tarz [elz IN,...,] bustard.taAidan [e'f-ytn l ] = taAtan.taAm [AYNE < A (ynh; elm I = M, N,...,] eye.ItaAmag [elmk l I M elmg, N ""'a] spring, source.IItaAmag [efmk

'] renowned.

taAmagah [efmk's I M efmg'h] obvious, public, notorious.,...,ih: notoriety, condemnation.

taAm-areAk [elm 'lyfk l ] envious.-ih: envy.

taAm-did [efm dyt'] visible, obvious.tainig [e'fnyk' I M e'fnyg, N cami] taste.

~inwad22~aAt

~aAt [c)lt l I N -..] lunch, meal.l-..ag [-k l ] food.

I~astag [c)ltk l ] doctrine.~Astan, ~as- [c)/-tn l ] teach.-..isn: teaching.~atrang [ctlng I (Ar. latranJ)] chess.·~aw(la)gAn [cwpk)n' ! IAr. ~awlaJiin,N laugiin] (curved) polo-stick; polo.~axAagih [ch.Pkyh] (sense of) taste.~axMsn [cMln' I M, J cxl-, N laf-] taste, flavour.l~e [ME < A mh I M cy, N li] what, which.- ray: for what, why.-ih: quiddity, essence.

2~e [ME, v. l~e] for, because, since, as, that.~e-ewenag [ME )dwynk

'] how.

-ih: circumstances.~egam-iz [cyk)m-c I M cyg)myc], ........-e(w): a little; whatever.~egamag [cyk)mk l I N l(ag)iima] song, snatch.~eh-, ........isn, v. 2~idan.

·~ehag [cyhk'] grief.~ehel [40 I N lihil] forty.~eh-widarag [cyhwtlg] = ~inwad puhl.~iHan [cyl)n

'I = M, N -..] dagger.

-gar [-kl, -gl I N -..] swordsmith.~er [cyll M cyr, N -] victorious, triumphant; brave.-ih: bravery.~erihistan, ~erih- [cylyh-stn'] triumph, be victorious.leidan, tin- [cytn l , cyn- I M cyydn, cyn-, N -] gather; pile up.

........isn: gathering.lIeidan, ~eh- [cytn l , cyh- I M cy-] mourn, lament, grieve.-iAn: lamentation.-isnig: mournful.

leihr [cyhll M cyhr, N -] form, shape, appearance, face.lIeihr(ag) [cyhl(k' ) I M cyhr, P -g, N -] seed, origin; nature, essence.~ihrenidant Clhren- [cyhlyn-ytn l ] form.eihrig [cyhlyk'] natural.eihr-sniisih [cyhlfn)syh] physics.Clm [c(y)m I M cym, N ........] reason, cause, purpose, meaning.

........ (rAy) : why?~im-gl)WAgih[cym gwb)kyh] logic.~imig [cymyk l ] purposeful.ein- t ........isn, v. leidan.~inag [cynk

'I P cyng, N ........a] grain, bait.

~iniir [cyn)ll N -] oriental plane tree.~inwad [cynw(p)t l ], - puhl: the 'divider bridge' which separates the

souls of the righteous dead, who cross, from those of the wicked, whofall off.

BrAy 23

elrAy [cl'" I P cr'g, N ,...,] lamp.eli [MNDOM I P cyI) = tis, q.v.ely6n [cygwn l 1M c'wn, N fun] as, like, how, when.

,..., ka: as if.,...,ih: nature, character.

e6b [crop IN,...,] wood, stick.-ag [_kl I N -a] wand, arrow shaft.

D

dahlbed

Idabr [dpl] sinner, deceiver.2dabr [dpl] ·dark-coloured.dad [dtl I M dd, N,...,] wild animal.IdAd [d't' I M d'd, N ,...,] law, justice; those scriptures dealing with legal

matters.2dAd [d't

'IN,...,] age.

3diid [d't '] tooth.'dAd, v. ahlaw-diid.diidan, dah- [YHBWN-tn' < A "II yhb; d)tn', dh- I M d'dn, (dy-), P dh­

N -, dih-] I. give; 2. create.,...,iin [dh(y)fnl] giving, donation; creation.

diidiir [d't'll N -] creator.,...,ih: creatorship.

dAdestiin [DYNA < A dyn'; d)tst'n l I M d'(d)yst'n, N da(de)stdn]judgement, justice, law; case, process.

diid-giih [d)t g)s] proper place, fire temple; = daxmag.dAdig [d'tyk'] legal, concerned with the Law.diid-meh [d'tms] adult, elder.diidwar [d)twbl I (M d'ywr, P d'dbr), N da(d)war] judge.,...,ih: judgement.

daftan, dam- [dptn' , dm- I M dm-, N dam-idan] breathe, blow.,...,iin: breath.

daftar [dptll N ,...,] register, account-book.dagr [ALYK < A 'ryk; dgll M dgr > dyr, N der] long.dagrand [dglnd I N derand] long.,...,-xwadiiy [-hwt'y] eternal, of long dominion.

dagrl-pattAy [dgl pt'd] long-lasting.--zamAn [-;m'n l ] a long time.--zi(w)iin [-zywfn l ] long-lived.

dah [ro, ASL Y A < A (ir' I M dh, N ,...,] ten.dah-, ,...,isn, v. dAdan.DahAg [dh)k l I (N Dahiik)] = AzdahAg.dahlin [PWME < A p(w)m-h I M dhyn, N dahan] mouth.dahlbed [dhywpt' I M dhybyd] ruler, lord of the land.

dahillin 24 darzill

dahigan [dhywk'n1 iN dihgan] countryman, farmer.dahliz [d'hlye I (M dhryz), N ,...,] portico.dahm [d'hm] virtuous, pious; a full member of the Mazdean community,

initiate.dahom [d'hwm I M dhwm, N ,...,] tenth.dalman [d'lmn

'I N dal(man)] lammergeyer, eagle.

dam-, ,...,lsn, v. daftan.Idam [d'm I = M] creature, creation.lIdam [d'm 1= M, N,...,] tame animal.adam [d'm I P d'mg, N ,...,] net, snare, trap.damad [d'm't

'I M d'm'd, N ,...,] bridegroom, son-in-law.

,...,ih: condition of a bridegroom, son-in-law.damenag [dmynk l ] fan.'damidan [dmytn

'] = daftan.

din-, --lsn, v. danistan.-dan [-d'n l I = M, N --] suffix, -holder, -container.dan(all) [d'n(k) I I N ,...,a] seed, grain.danAg [d'n'k ' I M d'n'g, N dana] knowing, wise. ~\1 ~~,...,ih: knowledge, wisdom.

dandan [KKA < A kk'; dnd'n' I = M, N --] tooth.dAnistan, dan- [YDOYTWN-stn' < A"'; ydC

; d'n-stn' I M d'71-ystn,N --] know.

--isn: knowledge.,...,lsnOmand [-sn'wmnd] knowing.

dar [BBA < A bb'; dll M dr, N,...,] door; palace; chapter, subject.dar [d'll M d'r-, N ,...,] tree, gallows; wood.dar-, --lsn, v. dastan.-dar [-d'll M -d'r, N --] suffix, -holder, -keeper.P daray [dl'g I J --, N daray] bell.·darak [dlk l ] section, paragraph.darband [BBAbnd IN",] gate.darbas [dIp's] palace.dard [dW I M drd, N ,...,] pain.--omand [-'wmnd I M -wmnd, N ""'mand] ill, suffering.

daren [d'lyn l 1M d'rwyn] wooden.dargah [dIg's I N --] doorway.dargardih [d'lkrtyh I M d'rgyrdyh] crucifixion.dar-handarzbed [BBA-, dl-hndlept '] chamberlain.darigbed [dlykpt

'] palace superintendent.

• darmag [d'lmk'] fine, delicate.

darmin [dlm'n'

I M drm'n, N --] remedy, medicine.darridan, darr- [SDKWN-tn' < A"'; sdq; dl-ytn' IN",] split, tear.darfig [d'lwk' I M d'rwg, N daru] drug, medicament.dar-wazig [d'lw'eyk

'I N dlir-baz] (pole-)acrobat.

darz [dIe I N --] seam.",ill [_yk l I N darzi] tailor.

das 25 dazidan

das [d's I N --] sickle.dasBr [d'sl = Av. dii8ra-] gift, reward.dast [YDE < A yd-h; dstl I = M, N --] hand.dasta~ [dstk 1 I N --a] bunch, bundle, group.dast(a)~ird [YDE-, dst-krt l I M dstygyrd, N dastgird] estate.dast-l1ir [dst OHDWN, (v. griftan) I N --] I. helper; 2. captive.dast-~raw [dstglwb'] captivity.dast-karih [YDEk'lyh I N --i] handiwork.dast-Aoy [dstfwd] = ~omez.

dastwar [dstwbll M dstwr, N dastilr] authority, priest, minister.--ih: custom; authority.

dastyar [dstyd'll (P dstd'r), N --] helper.--ih: help, assistance.

daAn [dIn' I = M] right hand.diAn [d'fn' I M d'f(y)n] gift.daAna~ [dInk I I N --a] I. right hand; 2. dagger.daAt [dft' I = M, N --] plain, open ground.dastan [dIt'n l I N --] menstruation; menstruous.--estan [-st'n l ] secluded place for menstruous women.---mah [-m'h] menstrual cycle.-omand [-'wmnd] menstruous.

daAtan, dar- [YHSNN-tn'< A"'; b-sn; d'Itn' , d'l-I M d'ftn, d'r-, N-]

have, hold, keep, preserve.pad ..• dastan: hold by, to; take for.pad ed da§tan [cf. N pindiiItan] consider.-iAn: preservation, maintenance.

dastar [d'ft'l] keeper, preserver.daw-, v. dawidan, dawistan.1dawal [dwb'll N -] leather, skin.Idawal [dwb'll N --] deceit, trickery.1dawidan, daw- [LHTWN-tn l < A"'; rh,; dwytn', dwb- I M dw-, N -]

run.2dawidan, daw- [dw-ytn'] speak (daevic).1,2 dawistan [LHTWN-stn

', dwstn'] = 1. 1II dawidan.

daxmal1 [dhmk l I P dxmg, N --a] tomb, dakhma (a building where corpsesare exposed for destruction).

-estan [-st'n l ] cemetery.daxsa~ [dhIk l I M dxfg] mark, sign, characteristic; memory.pad -- dastan: remember.az - hi~tan: forget.-omand [-'wmnd] marked.

Day [ddw'1M dyy, N --] Creator; cal. loth month; 8th, 15th, 23rd days.

daya~ [d'yk l I M d'yg-, N --a] (wet-)nurse.--anih [-'nyh] I (N diiyagi)] nursing, nurture.

dazidan, daz- [dc-ytn'] burn, scorch......isn: burning.

debAg 26 d~st

debag [dyp)k l I N deM] brocade.debahr [dyp)hll P dybhr] anger.pad -- dastan: banish.

deg [dyk ' I N -] cauldron. hl ~)deh [MTA < A me I M dyh, N --] country, land; village. f/7oJl 2,l j .,--gan [MTA-, d)hk)n'] = dahigan.

den [dyn l I = M, N din] religion; cal. 24th day.denar [dyn)ll N dinar] (gold) dinar.den-astawan [dyn)stwb)n

'], den-burdar [dynbwlel] believing, faithful.

denig [dynyk'

I N dini] religious.denodag [dynwtk

'] female, milch.

der,daand,v.dagr,dagrand.des(ag) [dys(k l ) I M dys] form, appearance.desidan, des- [dys-ytn

'I M dys-yd] build.

dew [SD Y A < A fyd\ pI. fydy) I N -] demon, devil.dewan [d(p)yw'n l I N -] archive, collected writings.dewanag [dyw'nk

'I N --a] demonic, mad.

dewar [dyw'll M dyw'r, N -] wall.dewl-esnih [SDYAysnyh I (M dyw'snyh)] idolatry, devil-worship.--ezagih [SDYAyckyh] = ---esnih.

dewok [dywwk l I N dewuk] leech.dibir [dpy(w)r' I M dbyr, N --] scribe.--ih: writing, scribeship.-estan [-st'n' I. N --] school.

did [TWf! < A twb; dtl] again, then, further.didan, wen- [HZ YTWN-tnl < A .y (lzy; dytn' , wyn- I M dydn, wyn-,

N -, bin-] see.---isn: sight, seeing.--isnig: visible.

didar [dyell N --] sight; visible.pad - [N padidiir] visible.

didom [dtwm] second.dil [LB(B)ME < A lb(b)-h; dyll = M, N -] heart.dUer [dytywl, dtyll N -] brave.diz [KL YTA < A qryt'; de 1 M dyz, N -] fortress.do [2, TLYN' < A tryn I M dw, N du] two.--axwanig [2 'hw'nyk

'] relating to both worlds.

-ganag [dwk'nk l 1M dwg'ng, N dugana] double; twin.dok [dwk' I N -] spindle.dol [dwt I N --] bucket; astr. Aquarius.dol-pahikar [dwptkll N du-paikar] astr. Gemini.---pay [2 LGLE, dwp'd I N du-pa] biped, human being.

dos [dws I N -] gum; plaster.do-saxwan [2 shwn

'] two-tongued, deceitful.

dosen [dwsyn'] gummy; plastery; ·glazed (pottery).

dost [dwst' I = M, N -] friend.

dOstih 27 drOn

--ih: friendship, love.Idos [dwl I N --] shoulder.2dOs [dwl I N --] last night, previous evening.dos-, --isn, v. 1.2 dosidan, Idoxtan.dOsa~ [dwlk

'] dear, loving.

--ih: love.dosaram [dwS'lm 1M dwS'rm] love.dosastar [dwlst1] west.1dosidan, dOs- [dwl-ytn'] like, love.--isn: liking, pleasure.

2dosidan [dwfytn'] = Idoxtan.dosiza~ [dwlyek l I (M dwxf, J dwlkyzh), N --a] maiden, virgin•.....,ih: maidenhood, virginity.

dOwom [2wm I N --] -second (in compound numerals).Idoxtan, dos- [dwhtn

', dwl- I N --] milk.

2doxtan, doz- [dwhtn', dwe- I N --] sew.

doysBr [dwys1 = Av. doilJra-] eye.doz-, v. 2doxtan.drafs [d1pl I P drjf, N --] banner.drafsidan, drafs- [d1pf-ytn' I P drjf-, N --] I. shine; 2. tremble.drahm [ZWZN' < A zwzn I M drhm, N dir(h)am] drachm.dra(h)nay [dl(h)n)d] length.dramana~ [d1mnk

'I N dirmana] wormwood.

dran~ [d1ng I N dirang] period, duration.dranJidan, dranJ- [d1ne-ytn '] speak.--isn: speech.

draxt [dW)ht'

I M drxt, N diraxt] tree.dray-, .....,isn, v. drayidan.draya(b) [d1yd'(p) I M dry'b. N daryii(b)] sea.---bar [-b)ll N -bar] sea-shore.

drayan-Joyisn [d1'd'n ywdfn'] one who speaks while eating.

--ih: (the sin of) speaking while eating.drayidan / drayistan, dray- [d1'd-ytn

', -stn' I M dr'yst, dr'y-, N

dariiyidan] speak (daevie), chatter......,isn: chatter.

draz [dPe I N diriiz] long.·drem [d1ym] phlegm.driyos [d1gwf I N dary6f, darwef] poor, needy......,ih: poverty.

dro [KDBA < A kdb); d1wb' I M drw, (N daro,,)] lie, deceit.drod [SRM < A f1m; d1wt l I M drwd, N darod] health, well-being,

prosperity, peace.dro-dadwarih [KDBA d'twblyh] false judgement.Idron [dlwn l I N daruna] bow.2dron [d1wn

'I N darun] consecrated bread, ceremony in which c.b. is

used.

dron yaAtan duA-~ihr

dron yaAtan: consecrate the sacrificial bread.droA [dlwl] mark, branding; punishment.

.....al1 [~k'] -desolation.droAidan, dros- [dlwl-ytn

'] brand.

drosom [dlwlwm] mark.droz-,v. druxtan.drozan [dlwcn l 1M, J drwzn] lying, liar.

.....ih: falsehood.drubuAt [dl(w)pwlt

'] fortress .

.....ih: defence, fortification.driidan, -driin- [HCDLWN~tnl< A ..; l:z~d I M dr(wd, (dwr-), N

durudan, diraw-] reap, mow.drust [drw(y)st l I (M dryst), N durust] right; well, healthy.

.....ih: righteous; health.drustabed [drwystpt l ] chief physician.druAt [dlwlt ' I N durult] harsh, rough, severe......,ih: harshness, severity......-awaz, -..-ewaz [-)p)c, ~)yw)c] harsh-spoken.

druwand [dlwnd 1M drwnd] evil, sinful, unrighteous.-..ih: sin, unrighteousness.

druxtan, droz- [dlwhtn', dltvc- I M drwxt, drwz-] lie, deceive.

druz [dlwc I (P dr~f)] demon.diid [dwt' I M dwd, N .....] smoke.diidal1 [dwtk

'I N .....a] family.

dudil1ar [dtykll M dwdygr, N digar] second.duJ-, = dus- •

.....-daft [dwSdpt 1] ill-breathing, short of breath.

.....,·danal1 [dwld)n)k '] ignorant.-..-den [dwSdyn

'I M dwjdyn-] of evil religion.

-..-doysarih [dwSdwyslyh] the evil eye.-"-l1and [dwIgnd I P dwjgnd] stinking.--l1andih: stench.

dum(b) [dwm(b 1) I N -] tail.-omand [-)wmnd] tailed.

diir [LHYK' < A rl:zyq; dwll M dwr, N .....] far, distant, remote.durl1ar [dwlgll N .....] carpenter.dusraw [dwslwb

'] notorious, dishonoured.

-..ih: notoriety, dishonour.duA- [dwl- I = M] ill-, evil- .

.....ih: evil, wickedness.

.....,-al1ah [dwl)k)s] foolish, stupid, ignorant.

.....,-al1ahih: foolishness, stupidity.

.....,-arz [-)lc] worthless.

.....-~aAm [-elm] envious.

....,-~aAmih: envy.-·~ihr [-cyhll M dwlcyhr] ugly, hideous.

duA-ewazih 29 dwAzdahAn

........ewAzih [-)yw)cyh I (M dwlw)cyh)] evil speech, calumny.

........farrag [-pig I P dw.ffr] unfortunate.

.......-farragih: misfortune.

.......-g~wtAn [-gwbln l ] of evil speech, ill-spoken.

.......-humat [-hwmt'] evil thought.

.......·hiixt [-hwht l I M dwlxwptyyl] evil speech.

.......-kAm [-k)m] ill-will, malevolence.

.......·kanig [-knyk'] hag.

.......-kar [-kl] difficult.

.......-kuniAn [-kwnin'] of evil behaviour, ill-doing.

duAmat [dwlmt l = Av. dulmata· 1M dwlmtyyl] evil thought.duAmen [dwlm(y)n l I = M, N dulman] enemy.

.......ih: enmity.

.......Adih [dwlmn)tyh I M dwlmny)dyh, J dwlmn)dy] enmity, hostility.duA-i-menlin [dwl-mynln'] of evil thought, iII-thinking.

.......-nam [-n)m IN .......] abuse, insult.duAox [dwlhw' I M dwl(w)x] hell.

......ig [-yk'] hellish.duA-padtxsa(y) [dwlp)thP(d)] evil ruler.

.......ih: evil rule, misrule.dusrAm [dwIW)m] unhappy.

......ih: unhappiness.duiwar [dwI)wll M dw/w)r, N .......] difficult, disagreeable.

.......ih: difficulty, trouble, misfortune.dus-I-wir [dwl-wyl] evil-minded.

.......-wurr~ytinlh [-wlwdlnyh] heresy.

.......-xem [-hym] evil-natured.

.......-xwadAyih [-hwt)yh] misrule.

.......-xwAr [-hw)ll N ......] = duiwilr.duixwarst [dwlhwwllt l 1M dwlxw)ltyhl] evil deed.duxt [BRTE < A brt-h; dwht l 1M dwxt, N ......] daughter.

.......ar [dwhtll N .......] daughter.duz(d) [GNBA < A gnb); dwc(t) I M dwz, N duzd] thief.

.......ih [dwc(d)yh] theft.duzidag [dwcytk l ] stolen; intercalary (days).duzidan, duz- [dwc-ytn' I N duzdidan] steal.dwilridan I dwartstan, dwAr- [dwb)l-ytn l , -stn l I M dw)r-] run, move(daevic) ........tsn: abode (of demons), hell.

dwazdah [dw)cdh I M dw)zdh, N duwazdah] twelve........An [-)nl ] the zodiac.

3°

Eeraxtan

e ey I (M hyb)] particle giving the present tense optative sense.e, v. ed, eWeebarag edyp)lk l , )dw)lk l I N ewar] evening.ebgat(ih) ['ybgt

', -yh = Av. aif3i.gati-] (onslaught of) Evil; the Adver­

sary.ebsrilsrbn (lyp-, )ybslwslym = Av. aif3isru8rima-] thegah from sunset to

midnight.ebyanghan eyp-, )ywby)nghn l , etc. = Av. aif3ydiJhana-] sacred girdle,

= kustig.e~ [lye I (P )ywyc), N hel](with a negative) not any.e~and, v. ew-~and.ed [HNA < A hn) I M )yd] this; v. dastan.-- ray ~e [ef. N z-e-ra] because, since.

edar [LTME < A I-tnh I M )ydr, N --] here.edon [)ytwn l I N idun] thus, so.--ih: (correct) manner.

eg [ADYNI < A )dyn I M )yg] then, thereupon.ek (lywk' I M yk, N yak] one.ekiinag [)ywk)nk

'I N yagana] submissive, obedient.

--ih: submission, obedience.ek-dad eywhd)t

'] sole-created.

emed edmyt l ] hope.en [ZNE < A znh I M <yn, N in] this.-en [:.yn l I = M, N -in] suffix forming adjectives of material or quality.-endag [-ndk l 1M -yndg, N -anda] suffix forming present participles.-en-idan [-yn-ytn l I M -yn-ydn, (N -an-)] suffixes forming causative and

transitive denominative verbs.• enoken eynw(k)hynl = Av. ·aeno.kaena-] heiress (under the obligation

of continuing her father's line).enya [)yny) I (M )n)y)] otherwise, moreover.ler [)dll M )yr, v. azer] down, below; low; under.-- ud abar: upside down.

ler eyl] noble; hero.--ih: nobility, good conduct.

£rAn eyl)n' I N --] Eran, (land of) the Aryans.--ag [_hi] an Eranian, Aryan.

erang [)ylng] blame, condemnation; error, heresy.--ih: = erang.

eranJ-,v. I, leraxtan.£rAnl-sahr ey[>nftr' I N .-..] land of the Aryans.---wez [-wyc] (original) home of the Aryans.

leraxtan, eranJ- [)ylhtn' , )ylnc- I J )yrxt] blame, condemn, damn.

i!raxtan 31 izm

2eraxtan, eranJ- eylhtn l , )ylnc- I M (yrxt, Cyrmr-)] fight, dispute.iraxtAr eylht)l] warrior.er-kaA edlkf I M )yrkf] (hands under the amlpits in respectful) salutation,

greeting.lermAn eylm)n' I (M )ry)m),,), N ,...,] friendj a god•

.....Ih: friendship.2er-mAn(ag) edlm)n(k)'] humble.ir-meniinih edlm.)'n!nyh] humility.i!r-tan [)dltn

'] humble.

,...,ih: humility.i!rwAr eylw)l] befitting a hero.erwarag edlw)lkl I J )rw)rh] jaw, cheek.esm [)ysm] = ezm.espo, v. spo.~stadan, ~st- [YKOYMWN-tn' < A yqym, ...; qwmj )st)tn', )wst-)tn' I

M (yst.'dn, N .....] standj be, continue (as auxiliary of the perfect con­tinuous tense).

,...,iAn: permanence, lasting, dwelling.ei [)yf I N xeI] plough.tin"', v. fno.e(w) [Ij HD < A 1;zd I M (yw, N -e] a, one.i!wan edwn'] stalk, trunk.ewan edw)n

'] bridle.

ewar eywll J )y,9)r] certain(ly), assured(ly).iwarz edwlc] movement.ewarzidan, ewarz- edwlc-ytn'] move, travel.ewarzig [)dwlcyk

'] moving.

lewAz [)yw)c] word, utterance.lewAz [)yw)c] sole, only.-ig [_yk l ] particular, individual.

ew-bAr [)ywb)l] once.e(w)-~and ey(w)cnd] some, a few.ewi!n edwynl I M )ywyn, (N ayin)] manner, custom, form, propriety.

pad,...,: properly.lewenag edwynk

'I M )ywyng] = ewen; v. ~e-. .,

sewenag edwynk' I (N ayina)] mirror. 50CJD (~..J~) ?'~jn kew-kard(ag) eywkrt(k)l, -kltk l ] united, joined.e(w)-mOg ey(w)mwk l ] wearing (only) one shoe.ew-sAn eyws)n' I (N yak-san)] uniform, (a)like.-ih: uniformity, likeness.

ew-tAg eywt)k l I M (yw t)g, (N yakta)] alone, single, individual.ez-, v. yaz- .

.....i§n eycln l ] worship.izm [CYBA < A Iyb) I N hezum] firewood, fuel. OS1' ~j

farr- 32

F

frasan~

farr-, v. xwarrah.Farrobll~[plwb(')g] the first major Fire of Sasanian Eran, that of priests

and nobles.farrox [plhw

'I M prwx, N -] fortunate, blessed, happy.

-ih: fortune, joy, happiness.fiHisofa [pyPswkp)y] philosopher.frabih [plpyh I (P frbyw), N farbth] fat, stout.Fradadafs [pldtpf = Av.fradaSa/fu-] the south-eastern continent of the

earth.frada~ [MHL < A m~r; plt)k

'IN farda] tomorrow.

fradahlsnih [pPdhfnyh] increase, progress.fradom [AWLA < Ar. I )wP; pltwm I (M prtwm)] first.-ih: first, beginning.fra~an [plk)n

'] base, foundation; origin.

fra~andan, fra~an- [plkn-dn l ] lay foundations.frahan~ [pPhng I N farhang] education; knowledge.-estan [-st)n l ] school.

frahanJ-, v. frahlxtan.frahlst [plh(y)st' I (M pr)yst)] most (superlative of freh).frahlxta~ [plhhtk

'I N farhixta] educated, trained, skilled.

frahlxtan, frahanJ- [plhhtn', pl'hnc- I P frhynj-, N far--] educate,teach, instruct.

framadar [plm)t)l] commander, ruler, chief.framan [plm)n l I M frm'n, N farman] order, command; a minor degree

of sin.......-burdar [-bwlt)ll N -bardar] obedient, submissive.

framay-, -lsn, v. framiidan.frllmos [pW)mwf I M pr)mwf, N faramof] forgotten.framosidan [plmwfytn l ] = framustan.framiidan, framay- [plmwtn', plm)d- I M prm)dn, prm)y-, N far-]

order, command.-lsn: order, commandment.

frllmustan, frllmos- [pZC)mws-tn l M pr)mwft, pr)mwf-, N fara--]forget.

franaftan, ·franam- [plnptn l , ·plnm- I M prnpt, prnm-] go, proceed,depart.

franaftan, franam- [pln)ptn1, pln)m- I P frn)m-] I. lead, conduct, re­move, promote; .2. profess, propagate (faith).

-lsn: removal, promotion, profession.frarast [pPl'st l ] a cubit (18 in.).fraron [pl'lwn l ] righteous, honest.

......ih: righteousness, honesty.fra8an~ [plsng I N farsang] parasang (4 Roman miles).

frasAwand 33 friltan

frasawand [pls)wnd] perishable, transient.--ih: transience.

frasp [plsp I N farasp] roof·tree, bc:ull, mast.·fral [plJ] spear.fral(a)gird [pUkrt l I M prl(y)gyrd] the Restoration (at the end of time).--ig [-yk '] of Eternity (after the Restoration).

fral(a)murw [pllmwlw' I M frlymwrw] peacock.fraln [pUn l ] question.frawahr [plw)hll Mprwhr-] man's immortal soul, guardian angel during

his lifetime.frawAr [plw)ll N farwar(a)] bastion.fraward [plwlt

'I M frwrd-] = frawahr.

frawardag [plwltk'

I M prwrdg] letter, epistle.·frawArdan, frawir- [plw)l-tn l ] present, serve (food).Frawardigan [plwltyk)n l I N farwardagan] festival of the frawards, the

last five days of the twelfth month (Spandarmad) and the followingfive epacts (v. gahinig).

Frawardin[plwltynl I Mfrwrdyn, Nfar.......] cal. the first month; 19th day.frilx [pl)hw l I N fariix] large, wide, spacious, ample, prosperous. fri;1-~--Ih: plenty, prosperity. l/J'

frAxenidan, fraxen- [pl)hwyn-ytn l ] enlarge, make prosper.fray [pl)y I M pr)y] more, much.frayad [plyd)t

'I M pry)d, N faryad] help, assistance.

frayAdidan, frayid- [plyd)t-ytn l I M pry)d-] help, assist.--iln: help, assistance.--ilnig: helpful.

fraz [pr)c I M pr)z, N faraz] forth, forwards.-- abgandan: throw forward.-- az: after, apart from........ brehenidan: fashion forth, create.-- griftan: undertake, perform; appoint, decide.-- 0: up to.

frazaftan [plcptn'

I (M przwps-)] finish, be perfected.frazaftan, frazam- [plc)jJtn l , plc)m- I M prz)ptn] finish, complete,

perfect........iln: completion.

frazAm [plc)m I (N farjam)] end, conclusion.frazamenidan, frazamen- [plc)myn-ytn

'] = frazAftan.

frazam-perozih [plc)m pylwcyh] final victory.frazanag [plc)nk l I P frz)ng, N farzana] wise, intelligent.--ih: wisdom, intelligence.

frazand [pr~nd I M frzynd, N farzand] child, son, offspring.--ih: sonship.

frazen [plcyn'

I N farzin] (chess) queen (lit. 'guard').freb [plyp I N fireb] deceit, deception.freftan, freb- [plyp-tn

'I N fir.......] deceive.

C I\6R4 D

frettAr 34

freftAr [plypt)l] deceiver; deceived.freg [plyk

'I M pryyg] shoulder(-blade).

freh [plyh IN Jirih] more, much, = fray.---bud(ih) [-bwt

', bwtyh] excess.

frestadan / frestidan, frest- [SDRWN-(y)tn l < A '" IdTj plyst-)tn' ,-ytn' I M pTyst-)d, N Jiristadan] send.

frestag [plystk l I M prystg, (N firilta)] apostle, angel.frez [plyc] duty, obligation.--banig, -wamg [-p)nyk

', -w)nyk

'] obligatory.

-banih, -wanih [-p)nyh, -w)nyh] fulfilling duties.frod [plwt' I M pTwd, N juro(d)] down.-mand [-m)nd] deficiency, shortcoming.

frog [plwk'I N juror] brilliance, brightness.

frogihistan, frogih- [plwkyh-stn'] shine.

froxtan, fro(x)s- [MZBNW-tn l < A mzbn, ...; zbn I M prwxl-, NjUToxtan, jUTol-] sell. -

frusag [plwlk' INjurIa] beestings.

G (f)

Itabr [gpl, gwbll M gbr, N ? gar] hollow, cavity, womb.-ih: hollowness.ga~ [gc IN,..,,] plaster, gypsum.-en [_yn l ] (made of) plaster.

gad [gtl = Av. gaM-] club, mace.gidan, gay- [SL YTWN-tn l < A ...; sry ?; g)tnl I N -] copulate with.gAdar [g)t)l] husband.gadwar [gtwl = Av. gaSawara-] bearing a club.19ah [g)s I M g)h, N ,..,] place, throne, bed.lIgAh [g)s I N -] time; a fifth division of the day; = gAhAnbAr.agAh [g)s] a Gatha, hymn.gahAn [g)s)nl] the Gathas; those scriptures dealing with spiritual and

theological matters.gAhAnbar [g)s)nb)ll N giihanbtir] the six divisions of the year, the five-day

festivals celebrated at the ends of these.gahAmg [g)s)nyk

'] relating to the Gathas; spiritual; the five epact days

at the end of the year.gahbed [g)spt l I N ""gahbad] treasurer, banker.,..,ih: treasurership.

gahl [g(')hl I N gal] sorghum, giant millet.gahug [g)hwk

'] bier.

ItlhwArag [g)sw)lk'

I N gdhwiira] cot, cradle.all [g)l] household, following.

3S iAwars

galog [glwk l I N gulo] throat.gam [g)m I = M, N .......,] pace, step, stride; a yard (3 ft.) .

......., i do pay: a pace (5 ft.).Mganag [-k)nk' I M -g)ng, N -gana] suffix forming numerical adjectives,

-fold.gand [gnd I N -..] stench.gandag [gndk' I (M gng), N """a] foul, stinking......,ih: stench.

gandanag [gndn)k l IN gandana] leek.gandum [Hg < A /;lnth I (M gnwm), N .....,] wheat.gan) [gnc I (M gnz), N .....,] treasure, treasury........,war [-wbll M -wr, N -..] treasurer.

gan(n)ag [gn)k'

I (P gnd)g)] foul, corrupt (v. gandag)........, menog: the Evil Spirit........,ih: corruption.

gar [gl] mountain.Mgar [-kl, -gil M -gr, N .....,] suffix forming actor nouns.-gar [-k)ll M -g)r, N.......,] suffix forming actor nouns.garan [gPn l I M gr)n, N giran] heavy, serious, difficult........,ih: heaviness, weight.

garasman [glsm)n l I M gr)sm)n] = garodman.gard [gltl I N -..] dust.gardan [gltn l I M grdn, N.....,] neck.gardanag [glt)n)k

'] die (for gaming).

gardanidan, gardan- [glt)n-ytn' I M grd(y)nydn, N ......] turn (tr.).gardidan, gard- [glt-ytnl I M grdM, N ......] turn, revolve......,i~n: revolution, turning.

garm [glm I M grm, N ......] warm, hot.......ih: warmth, heat.

garm-abag [glm)pk' I N ......a] bath-house.aarmaa [glm)k l 1M grm)g, N garma] warmth, heat.garmog [glmwk l] warm, ardent, fervent.garmowar(ih) [glmwk wl(yh)] heat ordeal.garmser [glmsyl IN.......,] warm region, lowlands.garodman [glwtm)n l = Av. garo d~manaM I M grdm)n] paradise......,ig [-yk'] (worthy) of paradise.

yarranag [gPn)k l I M grn)g ?] thunder.yarranidan, yarran- [gPn-ytn l I (N yurridan)] roar, thunder.

.......,i~n: roaring.aarzag [glck l I N garza] snake, serpent.garzidan, garz- [glc-ytn l] complain; confess.

.......,i§n: complaint.

.......,isnig: complaining.gaw [gw l ] hand (daevic).gaw [TWRA < A twr) I M g)w, N .....,] ox, bull, cow; astr. Taurus.gawars [Pg < A prg); g)wls IN.......,] sorghum, giant millet.

gawazn 36 gOhrig

gawazn [gw'Z1l 1 I N ~] deer.gawdar [gwtll N~] calf.gaw-dumb [g'fidwmb 1 N ......dum] horn, trumpet.gaw-mes [TWRAmy! I N ga(w)meI] buffalo.gay-, v. gadan.GayOmart [g'ywkmlt l = Av. gayo marC/ta I (M gyhmwrd), N ......] the First

Man.gaz [gc IN ......] tamarisk.gaz-, -isn, v. gazidan.gazag [gc'k'] biting.gazar [g)cll N gazur] fuller, washerman.gazdum [gcdwm I N kazdum!] scorpion; astr. Scorpio.gazidag [gzytk ' I N gazid] poll-tax.gazidan, gaz- [gc-, gz-ytn l I N -] bite, sting.-isn: biting.

geg [gdk'

I M gyyg] thief.gehan [gyh)n' I = M, N gihiin, Jahan] world.-ig [-yk '] worldly, mortal.-g~n [-k(y)n

'I M -gyn, N -gin] suffix forming adjectives of quality.

ges [gys I (M gyswg, N gesu)] curls, locks.getig [gytYB, gytydy I M gytyg, N geti] I. the material world; 2. worldly.-ig [_yk l ] worldly.

gil [TYNA < A lyn); gll N -] clay.gilag [g(y)lk' I N gila] complaint, lamentation.--Obar [-)wp)l] swallowing complaint, suffering in silence.

gilen [TYNAyn' IN gilin] (made of) clay.gilistag [glystk

'] home, dwelling of demons.

gir-, ,..,.isnia, v. grlftan.gird [gltl I M gyrd, N -] round, circular; gathered.(0) - amadan: gather, collect (intr.) ....... kardan: gather, collect (tr.).-ih: roundness.

girdag [gltk ' I N -a] disk, round.gisnag [gInk

'I P gyIng] short, small.

gisniz [g!nyc I N -] coriander.giya(h) [gy)h, gy)h I (M gy'w), N ......] grass.

......izag [-yckl] a straw, blade of grass.gizistag [gcystk1 I J w/f3zsth] accursed, hateful.gOgird [gwklt

'I M gwgyrd, N ......] sulphur.

......Omand [-'wmnd] sulphurous.gOhr [gwhll M gwhr, N gauhar] substance, essence, nature; jewel; stock,

lineage.gOhrag [gwhlk1] = gOhr.,..,.-danag [-d'n)k'] physicist.

19Ohrig [gwhlyk l ] natural, essential.·gOhrlg [gw(')hlyk l ] equivalent, substitute, indemnity.

grfyistan37g~kAn

·Il~kln [gwk)n'] details.-Ig [-yk'] detailed; precisely.

gOmez [gwmye I N gimez] bull's urine (as ritual purifier).g~mez- [gwmye- I N gimez-] urinate.110n [gwn l I N gun] colour, complexion.-ag [_kl 1M gwng, N guna] = 1l0n; sort, kind, form.

110r [gwll N -] onager, wild ass.l10spand [KYNA < A qnyn) ?; gwspnd IN -] (small) cattle, sheep.--~ihral1 [-eyhlk'] holding the seed of cattle.

110stiin [gwst)nl] cattle-stall, cowshed.19~A [gwf I = M, N -] ear.zGo§ [gwi I N -] cal. 14th day.goAag [gwik' I N -a] corner.go§Osrild [gwl)wslwt' = Av. gaoio.sriita-] acquired, learnt.g~At [BSL Y A < A bsr); gwft' I N -] meat, flesh.l1o§wlr [gw!w)l/ N -] ear-ring.g~w-, -iAn, v. l1uftan.gOwlg [gwb)k l I M gw)g, N goya] speaking, eloquent; speaker.·g~wiziir [gwwe)/] explicit, in detail.goy [gwd I N -] ball.l1~z [gwe IN-] walnut.-enag [gwzynk l IN gozina] a walnut sweetmeat.

GOzihr [gweyhl I Ar. jawzahr] astr. the Dragon.- dumb: the descending node of the moon.- sar: the ascending node of the moon.

grab [gl)l> I P gr)b] womb.grlmag [gl)mkl I P gr)mg] possessions, wealth.Ilrimlg [gl)mykl I M gr)myg, N girami] treasured, dear.-ih: affection, respect.

19raw [glwb l I P grww] cane.zgraw [glwb' I N giraw] pledge, security.-ih, -(a)l1ln [glwk)n' I M grwg)n, N giraugan] = Igraw.

grayidan, grAy- [gl)d-ytn' IPgr)y-,N giray-] lean, incline; intend, desire.grtftan, l1ir- [OHDWN-tn l < A"'; )lzd; glptn', gyl- I M grypt, gyr-, N

ginftan, -] take, hold, restrain.-iAnig: tangible.

grtftar [glpt)ll N gir-] held, taken; captive.-Omand [-)wmnd] tangible.

grih [glyh I N ginh] knot.19riw [CWLE < A Iwr-h; glyw l ] neck, throat.zl1riw [CWLE, glyw' 1M gryw] self, soul.agriw [glywl I P gryw, N giri(b)] a grain measure, modius, peck.griwall [glywk l I N giriwa] hill, ridge.griwbin [glywp)n' I N giribtin] neck-guard, gorget.I1riyistan,griy- [BKYWN-stn'< A ...; bk)'; gld-sln' I M gr)'J'-stn, N

girista7l, girJ'-] weep, cry.

grah

gr~h [glwh I N guroh] group, crowd.·gubrig [gwpPk'] awake, alert, vigilant.gubras- [gwpl's-] = wigras-, v. wigradan.guftan, go(w)- [YMRRWN-, YMLLWN-tn' < A ymlwn, ...; mll;

gwptn', gwb- I M gwptn, gw-, N......" go(y)-] say, speak.,..,iAn: speech.

guftar [gwpell N .....] speaker.,..,ih: (power of) speech.

gugan- [gwk)n- I M gwg'n-] destroy.gugar(i)dan, gugar- [gwk'l-(y)tn l I N guwar-idan] digest.gugay [gwk)dy I M gwg)y, N guwah] witness.,..,ih: testimony.

glih [gwh IN......,] dung, excrement.guhrayenidan, guhrayen- [gw)hPyn-ytn'] waken, arouse.gul [gwll N ......,] flower, rose.guman [gwm)n l I = M, N......,] doubt.,..,gar [-kl] casting doubt.......,ig [_yk l ] doubtful.......,ih, ......,igih : doubt.

gumardag [gwm)ltk'] appointee, deputy.

gumardan, gumar- [gwm'l-tn l I M gwm)r-dn, N gumastan, gumar-]appoint, commission, entrust.

gumbad [gwmbt ' IN......,] dome, fire-temple.gumeg [gwmyk' I M gwmyg] mixture.gumextan, gumez- [gwmyhtn', gwmyc- I M gwmyxtn, gwmyz-] mix.......,i§n: mixing, mixture; = gumezagih.

gumezag [gwmyck'] mixture.,..,ih: the Mixture, (the duration of) this material world.

19und [gwnd I = P] army, troop; group, gathering.llgund [gwnd IN......,] testicle.gung [g(w)ng IN......,] dumb.gurbag [gwlbk' I N ......,a] cat.gurd [gwlt' I P gwrd, N......,] hero.

l......,ih: heroism, bravery.gurdag [gwltk

'I N ......,a] kidney.

Igurdih [gwltyh] (some piece of) armour.gurdwar [gwltw'l] befitting a hero.gurg [gwlg IN,..,] wolf.gurganig [gwlg'nyk l I N ......,i] of (the province) Gurgan.gursag [gwlsk] I N gurusna !] hungry.......,ih: hunger.

guAn [gwln l IN......,] male.gu§nag [gwlnk

'I J gulna] hungry.

Gu§nasp [gwln(')sp] the second major Fire of Sasanian Eran, that ofwarriors.

gyag [gyw'k l I M gy'g, N jay] place.

gyAg-rob 39 hanmband-

.......-rl)b [-iwp I N jaro(b)] broom.gyan [H YA < A ?zy); y)n l / M gy)n, N jan] soul, ghost•

....... kandan: give up the ghost; moment of death.

.......-abespar [-)psp)il N jan-sipar] reckless, desperate; devoted.

.......ig [-yk ' I M -yg] spiritual; vital.

.......war [-wij (P -br), N janwar] animate; animal.

Hh- [HWE- < A"; hwh; h- I M h-] be (defective verb).thad [HWEtl ! = Av. aat] now, then; that is (= A).lIhad [h)t'] a section of the Yasna.hadamansBr [h)tkm)nsi = Av. ha8a.ma9ra-] those scriptures dealing

with ritual matters........ig [-yk'] concerned with the above.

hadoxt [h)twht' = Av. ha8aoxta-] certain scriptural texts; a particularsacrifice.

haft [hpt' I M hpt, N ] seven........ad [70 I M hpt)d, N ] seventy........ag [_kl I N hafta] week........an [-)n'] the seven planets.

haftar [hpt)i/ (N kafttir I)] hyena.haftdah [hptdh / N ......., hifdah] seventeen.Haftoring [hptw(k)ing = Av. haptoiringa-] astr. the Great Bear.hagriz [hkic I M hgryc, N hargiz] ever; (with a negative) never.halag [hik'] foolish, imprudent.-ih: folly, madness.

halam [hl)m IN .......] potted meat.halilag [hiyik' / N a] myrobalan.ham [hm I = M, N ] also; same; v. l).-ih: association, union, harmony.

hamaber [hm)jjyil M h)m)byr] storehouse.hamag [hm)k l I M h)m)g, N hama] all.

......-den [-dyn'] a complete religious ceremony.hamagih [hmkyh I N ......i] totality, universality.hamahl [hme)hi] = hamal.hamal [hm)il N .......] equal, peer; comrade,hambadig [hmbtyk'] opponent, adversary.hambah-, v. Ihambastan.hambah-, ......i§n, v. hambastan.hambAn [hmb)n' / N anban(a)] skin bag.hamband [hmbnd] connected.

......ih: connection.hamband-, ......i§n, v. Ihambastan.

hamblr 4° hame-rawlinih

hamblr [hmb)ll N anbar] store.hamblridan, hambAr- [hm-, hnb)l-ytn

'I M hmb)r-, N anbardan] fill,

collect.hambasln [hnbs)n l 1M )mbs)n] enemy, opponent.

......111 [-yk l ] inimical, opposing.hambast [hmbst l I N anbast] compact.Ihambastal1 [hmbstk l I N anbasta] formed, composed.Ihambastal1 [hnbstk' I M hmbst] collapsed, fallen.hambAstag [hmb)stk

'] -all.

Ihambastan, hamband- [hmbstn' , hmbnd-] form, compose; bind to­gether, intertwine, encircle.

......Iinlh: binding together, intertwining.Ihambastan, hambah- [hnbstn l , hnb)h- I M hmbst, hmbh-] collapse, fall

down. ~\~\ ?nJ!.-hambastan, hatiibAh- Ihnb)stn

', hnb)d- I M hmb'stn, hmb)h-] cast down,

demolish.......Iin: felling, demolition.

ham-bain [hmbln'] of the same stature.hambaw-, -lin, v. hambiidan.hambiiy [hmb'g I (M hmb'w)] companion, partner; adversary.hamblz [hm-, hnb'c I M )mb)z, N anbaz] partner.hambedlg [hmbytyk

'] = hambadig.

hamb6i-, ......Iin [hnbwl-, -lnl I N anbOlil] = hambiis-, -isn.hamb6y- [hnbwd- I M hwmbwy-, N anboy-idan] smell (tr.) ..-.Iglh [-'kyh], ......iin: (sense of) smell.

hambQdan, hambaw- [hm- YHWWN-tn l, v. biidan; hmbwtn'] be

united, composed.-lin(lh) : union, composition.

hambun [hmbwn'] (with a negative) not at all, not in the least.

hambQsidan, hambiis- [hnbws-ytn l I N anbusidan] come into being, beconceived.

-lin: conception.ham-dldestan [hm-n YNA, -d)tst)nl I N ham-dastan] agreeable, of the

same opinion.hamdam [hmdm IN ......] intimate.ham-desag [hmdysk'] of the same form, homomorphous.hame [hm'y I M hmyw, N ......] always.- ka: whenever.

ham-ed6n [hm'ytwn' I N hamediin] likewise, similarly.hamelil1 [hm'yyk' I M hmywyg] eternal.-Ihl [-yh)] eternally.

hamemal [hmym)ll = 1] opponent, adversary..-.Ih: opposition.

hamenldan, hamen- [hmyn-ytn l ] unite, compose.hame-rawiinlh, hame-ud-hame-rawisnih [(hm'y W) hm'y h,l,}bfnyh]

eternity.

ham&tlr 41 handarz~nidan

ham~stlr, -Ih [hmyst'l, -yh] = hamemi,l, -Ih.ham~iag [hmyfk

'I M hmyfg, N -a] always.

-ih: eternity.--sOz [-swc] ever-burning.ham~-wahar [hm'y wh'll N hamela-bahiir] marigold.ham-~w~naa [hm'dwynk l ] of the same kind, homogeneous.ham-gOhr [hmgwhl I M hmgwhr] of the same substance or nature,

consubstantial.ham-aOnag [hmgwnk' I M hmgwng] likewise, so.P hAmharz [h(')mhlc I P h'mhyrz] adjutant, attendant.biimin [hJmyn l 1= M] summer.-ia [-yk l ] (of) summer.

hAmlst [KHDE, v. hammls; h'mst l ] all.ham-kAr [hmk'll N -] collaborator.-Ih: collaboration.

hAmkliwar [h'mkyfwll M -wr] universe.hammls [KHDE < A k-bdh], az ... -: together with.hammlst [hmyst l ] stagnant, peaceful.-(aa)An [-(k)'n'] limbo, the neutral station between heaven and

hell.hammOxtan, hammOz- [ALPWN-tn' < A '" 'lp; hmwhtn' , hmwc-,

hmwz- I M hmwxtn, N iimoxtan, iimoz-] teach; learn.-iin: teaching.

hammOxtAr [hmwht'l] learner.-ih: learning.

hammOz-, -iin, v. hammOxtan.-air [hmf,vck'll N iimozgiir] teacher.

ham-nibardih [hmnpltyh] (single) combat.hamOa [hmwg] equal, like.hAmOn [h'mwn' I N hiimun] level, flat.hAmOy~n [h'mwdyn'] all.ham-pursaa [hmpwrsk l ] consulting, taking counsel.-ih: consultation.

ham-l-rAnih [hml'nyh] battle, combat.--sAmAn [-s'm'n'] contiguous.--sardag [-sltk'] of the same kind, like.--sAyag [-s)dk l I N hamsiiya] neighbour.--tAa [-t'k' I N hamtii] equal, peer.--tan [-tn'] of the same stature, build.--tOhmag [-twhmk

'] relative, relation.

hamwar [hmwll N hamwiir] level, abreast.hAmwAr(aa) [h(')mw'l, _kl I N hamwiira] always.ham-zamAn [hm ODNA I N -] instantly, immediately.handAm [hnd'm I = P, N andam] member, limb.handarz [hndlc i N andarz] advice, injunction, testament.handarzenidan, handarzen- [hndlc,,,,-ytn

'] advise.

handiixtan 4z han]idan

handiixtan, handiiz- [hnd)htn l , hnd)c- I M hnd)c-, N an-] plan, allot,reckon, judge.

-iin: judgement.handaxtar [hnd)ht)l] planner.handaz-,-iAn,v.handaxtan.-ag [hnd)ck

'I N andaza] measure, manner; - i: like.

handeman [hndym)n l I = M] before, in the presence of.-ih: audience, presence.

handemangar [hndym)nkl] introducer (into the presence).......ih: introduction.

handeiidan, handei- [hndyf-ytn' I M hndyf-, N an-] think, consider,reflect.

-iin: thought, reflection.handeiidar [hndyfyel] thoughtful.handfixtan, handoz- [hndwhtn l , hndwc- I N an-] gain, acquire, amass.-iin(ih): acquisition.

handraxtag [hndl)htk'

I P )ndrxt] oppressed.......ih: oppression, suffering.

handiidan, -handay- [hndwtn l I (M )nwd), N an-] smear, plaster,anoint.

hangad [hngt'I P )ngd] fortunate, rich.

......ih: fortune, wealth.hangam [hng)m IN ......] time, occasion.

......ig [-yk'] timely.

hangarag [hng)lk'

I N angara] reckoning.hangardan, hangar- [hng)l-tn

'I M hng)r-, N an-] consider, reckon.

......iin: consideration.hangextan, hangez- [hngyhtn', hngyc- I (M hgjyn-), Nan......] arouse,

stimulate, stir up.......iin: arousing.

hangirdenidan, hangirden- [hngltyn-ytn'] complete, summarize.

hangirdig [hngltyk'] complete, perfect; summary.

......ih: completion, summary.hangoiidag [hngwfytk

'I M 'ngwfydg] way, manner, likeness.

...... i: like.hangrayidan [hngZ>dytn l ] lament.hangriidag [hnglwtk

'] lamenting.

hanJ-, v. hixtan.hanJaftan [hncptn' I P hnjjt, (M hnzpt)] be finished.hanJaftan, hanJam- [hnc)ptn' , hnc)m- I P hnp!t, hnpm-, (M hnz)pt, N

anJamidan)] finish, complete, carry out.hanJam [hnc)m I N anJam] end, completion, outcome.hanJaman [hncmn l I(P )njmn, M hnzmn), N anJuman] gathering, assembly,

congregation, community.......ig [-yk

'] (notable) member of the community.

hanJidan [hnc-ytn'

I N -] = hixtan.

hannam 43 hixtan

hannam [hn'm I = M] = handam.Harborz [hlbwle I N Alburz] the mountain range surrounding the world.harl1 [hlg I cf. M hr)g, Ar. xarj, xaraj] duty, tribute; work, effort.·harrob- [hlwp- I M hrwb~] collect, gather.-lsn(ih): collection, gathering.

har(w) [KRA < A kt>; hi I M hrw, N har] all, each, every.harwin [hlwyn' I M hrwyn] pl. all.harwlsp [hlwsp' I M hrwsp] all.-in [-,)!n l ] pl. all.

h arzal1 [hick' I N harza] loose, free.hasBr [h)sl = Av. ha8ra~] a measure of time (unequal hour, -h of day-

light); a measure of length (= frasang, or 1- frasang, I mile).haspin [hspyn l I = M] rest, repose.hast, -ih [A YT', -yh] = last, -ih.hasal1lrd [hS'klt

'I M hS'gyrd, N fagird] disciple, pupil.

hast [hSt' I = M, N -] eight.-ad [80 I N -] eighty.-dah [hStdh I N -, hiidah] eighteen.

Ihawan [h'wn' I N -] a mortar.2hawan [h)wn' = Av. hawani-] the morning giih.hawand [h'wnd I M h'w(y)nd] like, similar.-ih: likeness, similarity.

hawlst [h'wft l ] disciple, pupil.-ih: disciplehood.

haxt [hC)ht l ] thigh, haunch, hip.haxtan, haz- [h)htn', h)e-] lead, guide, persuade, convert.-lsn: persuasion, conversion.

hazar [I,OOO, he)ll M hz)r, N -] thousand.-all [-Ill I N -a] millennium.

hazzan e/hz'n l ] tomb, ossuary.hen [hyn l I M hyyn] army.-ih: attack, aggression.

herbed [hylpt'

I N herbud] teacher-priest......,ih: priestly office.

herbedestan [hylptst)n l ] priestly school.-ih: priestly studies.

heril1 [hylyk ' I N h/xeri] iris, wallflower.hezag [hyek

'I (M hyjg), N hez] pail.

hU-, .....,lsn. v. hlstan.hlndiig [hndwk l I M hyndwg, N hindu] Indian.-an [-)n l ] India.

histan. hU-. (P hlrz-) [8l!.KWN-tn' < A .y fbq; (hle~) I M hyftn, hyl~,

(P hYTz-), N -] let, leave, abandon, pardon, set, appoint......,iSn: pardon, loosing.

hlxr [hyhl] excrement.hixtan, hanJ~ [hyhtn', Imc- I P hxt] draw (water).

hi) 44 huniyagih

P h6 [hw l I = P] that, he.HOm [hwm IN ......] the sacred plant Haoma (ephedra).homanag [h(w)m)n)k

'I N hamiinii, J xumiinii], 0 •.• --: like.

......ih: likeness.h6mast [hwm)st

'] various series of prayers.

h6m\en, -ig [hwmyn', -yk

'] of Haoma.

......omand [-)wmnd] prepared with Haoma.Hordad [hwrdt

'I M hrwd)d, N Xurdiid] Perfection, the fifth Amahra-

spand, guardian of water; cal. 3rd month; 6th day.hOsag [hwfk

'I M hwlg, N xOfa] ear of corn, cluster; astr. Spica, Virgo.

hosenidan, hosen- [hwlyn-ytn l ] (cause to) wither.hosidan, hos- [hwl-ytn l I M hwl-, N x......] dry up, wither.hoy(ag) [hwy, _kl I M hwy] left(-hand).Hrom [hlwm I M h,-wm, N Rum] Byzantium, Rome.

......ayig [-)dyk'] Greek, Byzantine, Roman.

hu- [hw- I = M] good-, well- .......ih: good, goodness.

hu-boy [hwbwd] sweet-smelling, fragrant .......ih: fragrance.

hu-casm [hwcfm] unenvious, benevolent.......ih: benevolence.

hu-Clhr [hwcyhl I M hwcyhr, (N xuJir)] fair, beautiful.huda(ha)g [hwd)(h)k

'= Av. hudiih-] good, beneficent.

--ih: beneficence.hu-I-dast [hwdst ' ] skilful.

......-den [-dyn'] of good (i.e. Mazdean) religion.---dosag [-dwfk

'] very pleasing.

---ewaz [-)yw)c] of good speech, affable.......-ewazih: affability.---fraward [-plwlt l] blessed, the late.

hugar [hwgl] easy; beneficent.hu-I-gowisn [hwgwbln l] of good speech.---gugar [-gwk)l] easily digestible.---kunisn [-kwnln ' ] of good behaviour.---manih [-m)nyh] good-mindedness, benevolence.

humat [hwmt'

= Av. humata-] good thought.humay [hwm)y IN ......] a bird of good omen; eagle.hu-menisn [hwmynfn ' ] of good thought.hu-murwag [hwmwlw)k

'] auspicious.

hunar [hwnll M hwnr, N ......] virtue, ability, skill.hunarawand [hwnl'wnd I M hzvnr)wynd] skilled, virtuous.--ih: skill, virtue.

hunaromand [hwnl'wmnd IN hunarmand] = hunarawand.hunidan [h'wnytn' ] extract, express (juice).huniyag [hllmyd)k l , N xun)O(l] delightful.--ih: delight, entertainment.

huniyi'll1ar 45 im roz

huniyi~ar [/mmyd)kll N xU1Jyagar] entertainer, musician.hu-niyoxs [hW11ydwhI] attentive.hunsand [hwnsnd I = P, (N xursatld)] happy, contented.--ih: happiness, content.

hunusak [hwmk'= Av. hunu/] offspring (daevic).

hunusakenidan [hwnskynytn l ] bear daevic offspring.hu-pidixsi(y) [hwp)thS)(d)] good ruler.--ih: good rule.

hu-passandagih [hwpsndkyh] satisfaction.hur [SKL < A fkr); hwl] an alcoholic drink, ·koumiss.huram [hwlm I N xurram !] happy.--ih: happiness.

huram [hwl)m] blissful.hU-I-ramag [hwlmk l ] having good flocks.---rust [-lwst l ] well-grown.---sazagih [-s>ckyh] agreement.---spas [-sj.?s] grateful.

husraw [hwslwb'

I (M hwsrwg), N xusraw] famous, of good repute.--ih: fame, good repute.

husk [hwfk'

I = M, N xu/k] dry.---kiln [-STE] impotent.

hu-skoh [hwfkwh] dignified, splendid.--ih: dignity.

husnild(al1) [hwfnwt(k) , I M hwf1Jwd, N xufnUd] contented, happy.--ih: contentment, happiness.

hu-tuxs [hwtwh!] artisan.huwadt [hwwlft ' = Av. hwarfta-] virtue, good deed.hu-xem [hwhym] of good character, good-natured.--ih: good character.

hiixt [hwht l = Av. hiixta-] good speech.

I

h~~ [~"'~~,"0.10-('(.""""

i [Y, Z Y- < A zy I M Cy(g), N i] relative pronoun, who, which; connectiveparticle.

-idan [-ytn l I M -ydn, N --] suffix forming secondary infinitives.-ig [-yk' I M -yg, N -i] suffix forming adjectives of relation, etc.-ih k\'h I M -yh, -yy, N -i] suffix forming abstract nouns.-iha [-yh> I = M, N -hal suffix forming adverbs; later, plurals.-ih-istan [-yh-stn

'I M -yh-ystn] suffixes forming passive and intran(itive

denominative verbs.im [LZNE < A l-znh; >m 1M cYm, N --] this.-- l:im ray: for this reason.-- rOz: today.

-(i)m 46 Jawed

-(i)m [-m I =: M, N -am] 1St sg. enclitic pronoun, me, my.-istan [-stn l I M -ystn, N ....,] suffix forming secondary infinitives; v.

-ih-istan.-(i)s [-f I = M, N -all 3rd sg. enclitic pronoun, him, his, her, it, its.-isn [-In I I M -yin, N -if] suffix forming (i) verbal nouns, (ii) necessitative

participles.-(i)t [-t I = M, N -at] 2nd sg. enclitic pronoun, thee, thy.-iz [-(y)c I M -yc, -yz] adverbial enclitic, also, even.-iza~ [-yck l I M -yzg, N -iza] diminutive suffix.

v

Jjad [y't l ] share, portion.Ijada~ [ytk' I M jdg] omen.2jada~ [ytk'] form, property.jadag [y'tk' I M j'dg] share, portion; case, cause.jada~-~i}(w) [y'tkgwb'] advocate, intercessor.

....,ih: intercession.Jada~-wihirih[ytkwhylyh] transformation, alteration.jadArih [yt'lyh] maintenance.·Jadisn [ytln'] (accidental) quality, property.

....,i~ [-yk'] accidental, non-essential.jadii~ [y'twk l I M j'dwg, N Jadu] sorcerer, magician.

....,ih: sorcery, magic.·Jay [y'h IN....,] sissoo tree.ja~ar [ykl I N Jigar] liver.Jah-, v. Jastan.Jahisn [yhyln' I J jhyln-] chance, fortune, omen.jahisn-ayar [yhyfn hdyb'll N n. pro Jhfy'r] fortunate.....,ih: good fortune.

jahiid [yhwt' I N Juhud] Jew.IJam [y'm IN....,] glass.2Jam [MANE < A m'n-h; y'm I Mj'm, N....,] vessel, goblet.IJama~ [y'mk l I N Jama] = 2Jam.2Jama~ [y'mk' I Mj'mg, N Jama] clothing, garment.Jan~ [yng I M jnng, N ....,] struggle, battle, fight.Jar [y'wll Mj'r] time, occasion.jastan, Jah- [ystn l , yh-] happen, occur, chance (to be).....,isn, v. Jahisn.

Jasn [yln l IN....,] celebration, festival.Jaw [Sg < A i(rt' IN....,] barley.Jawed [y'wyt l I (P y'wyd), N ....,] eternal.

)AwedAn 47 kabiz

JawedAn [LOLMN < A l-<lmn; y)wyt)nl I (P y)wyd)n, Mpyd)n), N--]eternally, always.

--ag [_kl I (P -g), N --a] eternal, perpetual.Jawen [Sgyn l I N jawin] made of barley.Jeh [yb, yyh = Av. jahf.] the Whore. female arch-demon.Jiw [cyw·, yyw l = Av. jiwya-] (consecrated) milk.·,ioma [ywm)y] together with; both.Jorda [ywlt)y, -)k I (P yw)rd)w), J ·jwrd)r] corn, grain.jo(y) [ywd, ywb' I N --] stream, channel.Joy-, --isn. v. Jiidan.Jud [ywdt ' I M jwd] separate, different; anti-.

"" az [N juz] except, apart from.Judag [ywdt>k' I N judii] separate, different.--ih: separation, difference.

Jiidan, Joy- [ywtn l, ywd- I M jwwdn, (jw-), (N JaWJu'an)] chew; devour(daevic).

--isn: eating (daevic).Jud-I-bes [ywdt byl] harmless, antidote.---dadestan [-DYNA] disagreeable, opposing.",,-dew [-SDYA] anti-demonic.---nay [-n)d] a fathom (6 ft.).

Jud-ristag [ywdt lystk'] schismatic, heretic.--ih: heresy.

Juy [ywg IN,...,] yoke.Jumbagih [ywmb'kyh] motion.Jumbenidan, Jumben- [ywmbyn-ytn l] (cause to) move.Jumbidan, Jumb- [ywmb-ytn' IN,...,] move.--isn: motion, movement.

Jumbihistan, Jumbih- [ywmbyh-stn'] be moved.Juttar [ywdtl I M jwtr] different, otherwise.--ih: opposite, reverse.

Juwan [yw~)nl I (P yw)n), N jawiin] young; a youth.""ih: youth.

Juxt [ywht l I (P ywxt), N juJt!] pair, couple.

Kka [AMT < A )mty I M k), N ki] when; if, since.kabah [kp)h I Ar. qaM] garment, cloak.kabarag [kp)lk

'I N ......a] container. vessel.

kaben [k)j)yn' I N kiibin] marriage-portion, dowry (assigned to the bride).kabig [kpyk l 1 N kabfpi] monkey.kabiz [kpyc I (N kawiz)] a grain measure. lo griw.

kabk kamllig

kabk [kpk' I N --] partridge.---anJir [-)ncyll N --] a kind of francolin.

kabOd [kpwt'

I N --] grey-blue; pigeon.kabotar [kpwtll M kbwtr, N --] pigeon.kal: [k)c I N kaf(ki)], ~ ka: would that, if only.kadag [k)tk l ] game, joke.kadag [ktk l 1M kdg, N kada] house.~-banug [-b)nwk l I N kadbanu] mistress, lady of the house.~ig [-yk' ] domestic; servant.---xwaday [-hwt)y I P qdyxwd)y, N kadxudii] householder, master of

the house.kadam [kt)m I M kd)m, N kudam] which, what.---lz-e(w) [-c-HD] whichever.

kadar [kt)l] who, which.---lz-e(w) [-c-HD] whoever.

kaf [kp I N --] foam, slime.kaf-, v. kaftan.kafl: [kpc I N~] ladle, skimmer.~ag [-k ' I N --a] spoon.

kafs, ~a~ [kpf, _k' I N kafS] shoe.~gar [-kl I N ~] shoemaker.

kaftan, kaf- [kp-tn' I P kft, kl-] fall.kah [TBNA < A tbn) I N~] chaff, straw.kah-, ~lsn, v. kastan.kahas [kts I M khs] channel, sewer.kahenidan, kahen- [k)hyn-ytn l ] decrease, lessen (tr.).kahidan [k)hytn l I N ~] = kastan.kahlst [ksst ' ] least.kah-rubay [khlp)d I N --TUba] amber.kahwan [khwbn' I M qhwn, N kuhan] old.kakom [k)kwm I N~] stoat.~ i sped: ermine.

kalbod [k)lpwt ' I (M k)lbyd), N ~] body, shape, form.~Omand [-)wmnd] corporeal.

kam. [km I M kmb, N ~] little, small, few; v. kern.kim [k)m I = M, N~] will, desire, purpose.kim-, v. kamistan.lkam.ag [k)mk

'I N kama] kinds of gruel, or soup.

2kamag [k)mk l I N kama] = kam.---hanJirn [-hnc)m] gaining one's end, successful.---hanJamih: success.~om.and [-)wmnd] willing(ly), desirous.~-widar [-well N kam-guMr] successful, independent.~-xwadiy [-hwt)y] independent, absolute.

kamal [km)ll (M km)r)] head (daevic).~ig [-yk' ] chief (daevic).

kannan 49 kardagar

kaman [km'n l I = M, N -] bow. . I~ ..,.-"dar [-d'll N _] archer, bowman. ~w ~i( "" 10. I

kamar [kmll N -] waist; belt, girdle.......·band [-bnd I N -] belt.kam~ar [k'mlt'll P h'mg'r, N ......] powerful, absolute.kamist [kmyst'] least.--ih: pad -ih, at least.

kamistan, kam- [YCBEN-stn' < A y~bJz, -V ~bh; k'm-(y)ltn' Mk'm-yst] want, desire.

kaml-rawag [k'm lwb)k l I N -rawa] successful..-,,-zi(w)isn [-zywfn

'] free, independent.

kann-zor [kmzwll N --] weak.......ih: weakness.

kan-,v. kandan.kanar [kn'll N --] side, edge; embrace.--a~ [_k' I M kn'rg, N .-"a] edge, limit, boundary.......a~omand [-k'wmnd I M -gfomnd] limited, finite.

kandan, kan- [HE.LWN-tn' < A -V IJpr; kn-dn', -tn' 1M knd, N -] dig;raze, destroy.

kani~ [knyk' I M knyg] girl, maid.kaniza~ [knyck' I M knycg, N kaniz(ak)] = kanig.kanti~r [kntgl] quiver.kapur [k'pwl I Ar. hafur] camphor.kar-, v. kardan.lkar [k'll M k'r, N ......] work, deed, affair.

...... framudan: put to use.2kar [k)l], pl. ......an: (other) people.3kar [k'l] butter.kar-, v. kistan.karafs [kips I N .-,,] celery.kar-a~ah [k)l'k's IN ......] skilled, experienced.

......ih: skill, experience.karak [krk' IN ......] quail.karan [kl'n l I P kr'n, N .-,,] side, edge, end, limit.karawan [k'lw'n

'I P k)rw)n, N karwan] caravan, military column.

......i~ [-yk' I N ......i] caravaneer, traveller.karb [kip] priest hostile to Zoroaster.karbas [klb'f I N karbaf, etc.] lizard.karbuna~ [klpnk

', klbnk'] lizard.

kard [krt ' I M kyrd, N ......] action; matter, affair.kard [SKYNA < A skyn'; k'lt' IN ......] knife.lkarda~ [kltk

'] division, section, portion.

2karda~ [krtk l , kltk l I N karda] action.karda~ [k)ld'k'] traveller, wanderer, migrant.karda~an [krt-, kltk'n l I M kyrdg)n] action.karda~ar [krtk'll M kyrdg'r, N ......] mighty.

C6~4 E

kardan SO kehtar

kardan, kun-, (P kar-) [OBYDWN-ln' < A ..,j<bd; krtll', kum-, (kl-) IM kyrdn, kwn-, (P kr-), N ....,] do, make, act, perform.

-i~n, v. kunisn.kardar [krt-, klell N -] active; worker, doer.-ih: activity.

kard-espas [krtsp>s] servant, attendant.karezar [k)lyc)ll M k)ryz)r, N karzar] battle(-field).kar-framan [k'lplm)n l I M k)rprm)n, Ar. qahraman] manager, overseer.karg [klg I N -] rhinoceros.kargas [klk)s I N kargas] vulture.karig [k)lyk

'I N karl] active; warrior.

-ih: activity.kark [k[kl I N -] chicken, hen.karkehan [klkyhn l ] chalcedony.karm [klm I P krm] action.karmir [klmyr] red, crimson.kar-namag [k)ln)mk

'] record, chronicle.

karl' [kll M qr, N -] deaf.karxo~ [klh'lvf I (N carxuft)] wine-press.·karzang [klcng I M kyrzng, (N xarcang)] crab; astr. Cancer.kas [AYS < A )yfl M ks, N -] person, somebody.--iz [-c] anybody, (with a negative) nobody.

kasken [k)skyn ' ] lapis lazuli.-(ag) murw [_kl I N kaskina] ·magpie.....,en [-yn l ] blue-green; of lapis lazuli.

kastan, kah- [k'stn ' , k)h- I N -] diminish, decrease, lessen.-i~n: decrease, diminution.

kastar [kst'l] destroyer, wrongdoer.-ih: destruction, iniquity.

kastar [k'st)l] diminisher.ka~ [kf IN....,] armpit.kasawag [kfwk

'I N kafaw] tortoise.

kask [kfk l I N -] dried buttermilk.kastig [kftyk' I N kalti] boat, ship.·kawadak [kw)tk l ] young; baby; v. kodak.lkay [A YMT < A )ymt I N -] when?2kay [kd I N -] title of the dynasty of Wistasp (patron of Zoroaster),

Kayanian.-ak [_kl] ruler hostile to Zoroaster.

kayk [kdyk' I N -] flea.ke [MNW < A mn-w I M ky, N ki] who, which.P kec [kyc I = P] person, somebody.ked [kyt

'I P qydyg] soothsayer, magician.

....,igih [-ykyh] soothsaying, prophecy.keh [ks I M kyh, N -] small(er), less(er), young(er).-tar [-tll N -] = keh.

kern 51 kOsk

kern [kym] less, fewer; v. kamekim [kyn

'I = M, N kin(a)] hate, malice, revenge.

.....,ig [_yk l ] malicious, vengeful.kennar [lm)l] lyre, harp.,,-,-sray [-sZ>d] harpist.

kenwar [kynwll (M kymv)r), N Mnawar] vengeful, vindictive.--ih: vindictiveness.

ker [kyll N --] penis.kesar [kysl] Caesar.kes [kyf I = M, N --] dogma, faith (especially non-Mazdean).---dar [-d)l] sectary, non-Mazdean.

kesidan, kes- [k(y)f-ytn' I (M krf-), N kafidan] pull, draw.Kewan [kyw)n l I Ar. kaywan] astr. Saturn.kewud [k:vpwt

'I M kCywd] box, ark.

kilel [klyl I N kilid)] key.kirb [klp I M kyrb] body, form.kirbag [krpk ' I M kyrbg, N kirfa] virtue, good deed.--ig [-yk' ] virtuous, pious.

kirbakkar [krpk1Jll M kyrbkr] beneficent.......,ih: beneficence.

kirih- [OBYDWNyh-, V. kardan, klyh- I M k,,,ryh-] be done,made. -

kirm [klm ! M krm, N......,] worm, serpent.kirrenidan, kirren- [klyn-ytn '] rend; create (daevic).kirrog [k(y)lwk ' I M qrwg] artisan, craftsman; skilled.--ih: arts, crafts, craftsmanship, skill.

kis [h(y)f I M kf, N --] furrow, line.kisniz [kfnyc] = gisniz.kistan, kar- [ZLYTWN-tn

'< A"'; zrc; l~yftn', k)l- I M kyft, k)r-, N-]

till, furrow; sow.kistiir [ZLYTWNt)l] tillage.kisw, --an [kyfw l , -)n l I P kYfrn] tillage.--(an)zar [-c)l I (N kiftzar)] field.

kiswar [kyfwl I M kyfwr, N --] region, clime, continent.kiswzar, V. kiswanzar.kab-, v. kaftan.kodak [kwtk ' I M qwdk, N --] young, small; baby.kaf [kwp I = M, N kOh] hill, mountain; hump.-ag [-hi I N kiiha] saddle.--ig [-yk' INkoM] wild, mountain-.

kaftan, kab- [kwp-tn l I N --] beat, pound, crush.kar [kwll M kwr, N --] blind.......,-dil [-dyll M -dyl, N -] blind-hearted, incorrigible.

kastan [kwstn' I = M, N -] beat, pound.kas-, V. koxs-.ko§k [l?7Vfk' I N --] pavilion, palace, kiosk.

ko(x)sidan 52 laskar

ko(x)sidan, ko(x)s- [kn;(h)f-yt1l1 I M kwf-ydn, N kOIidan] strive,struggle, endeavour.

.......isn: strife, combat.

.......isnig: energetic.koy [kwd IN .......] street, lane.kii [A YK < A )yk I M hw, N kit, /li] where; that; than.

,..., gyag [N kujii] where.,..., ta: so that.

kilc(ak) [kwe(k') I N kiicak] small.kiik [kwk'] small, short.kulacag [kwl'ek' I N kulica] small, round bun.kuUif [kwl'p I N kuliih] cap, bonnet.

.......ak [-k l ] I N -hak] little cap; calyx.kulang [king IN,...,] crane.kullag [kwlk

'] locust.

kumig [kwmyk l ] stomach.kun-, ,...,isn, v. kardan, kunisn.kiin [STE < A ·ft-h; kW1Z I IN,...,] rump, buttocks, anus.kundag [knd)k l I M qnd'-, N kundii] magician, soothsayer.-ih: magic, astrology.

kundur [kwndll N ,...,] frankincense.kunisn [kwnfn' I M kwnyfn] action, deed.,...,gar [-kl I M -gr] doer, performer.

kunJid [SMg < A fmfm); kwnc(y)t l IN,...,] sesame.kiin-marz [kwnmle] sodomite; sodomy.kurkum [kwlkwm] saffron.kurrag [kwlk' I N -a] foal, colt.lkust [kwst

'] side, direction; district.

2kust [/lwst l I Ar. qust] costus.kustag [kwstk l I M kwstg] = lkust.-bed [_ptl] district-commander.

kustig [kwstyk'

I N -i] sacred girdle.kustan, kus- [NKSWN-tn' < A .y nks; kws-tn' I M kwft, kwf·, N ._]

kill.

Llab [lp I M lb, N -] lip.labag Wpk I (M r)b), P l)b, N liiba] supplication.labakkar [l)pkkl] suppliant.

.......ih: supplication.laJan [len I I N -] mud, slime.larzidan, Iarz- [llC-ytlZ I I P lr.'~-, N .......] shiver, tremhle.laskar [UkI I N -] army.

laskarig S3 manbed

.......ig [~yk' I N .......i] soldier.

.......igih: soldiering.lawzenag [lwcynk' I N .......ina] almond sweetmeat, marzipan.*'1ipi [lpyh] a minute (of arc).

Mrna [AL < A )l I M m', N .......] not (prohibitive) .

....... agar [N magar] perhaps; lest.mad [AM < A )m~y, v. madar I M m'd] mother.Imadag [NK[J < A nqb; m'tk l I (M m'yg), N mada] female.

.......ih: femininity.2madag [m'tk l I (M m'yg, N maya)] essence, substance.

.......ig [~yk'] essential.

.......war [-tt'l] essential, especial, principal.madan [mtnl 1M mdn] come.madar [mt'l] comer.madar [AMYtl < A 'm-y; m'tll M m'dr, N .......] mother.Imadayan [m'tgd'n

'I M m'dy'n] book.

2madayan [m'tyd'n'] essence, basis, core; essential, chief.madayar [m'tgd'l] steward; (chess) rook, castle.madiit [m)tylt l ] ·matter, protoplasm.madiyan [m'tyg)n t N .......] mare.may [my IN .......] hole, pit.magas [mks I P mgs, N .......] fly .

....... i anguben: honey-bee.magind [mkn'd I M mgyn(d)] shield, protection.mah [BYRH < A b-yr/;l; m'h I = M, N .......] moon, month; cal. 12th day.mahig [m'hyk

'I. M m'hyg, N mahi] fish; astr. Pisces.

mahigan [B YRH-, m'hyk'n' I M m'hyg'n, N miihiyan] month.mahist [msst l , mhst l I M mhyst, N .......] greatest.makog [mkwk l I M mkwg, N mak6(k)] boat.malidan [m'tytn l IN .......] = mustan.man [L < A l-y 1M mn, N .......] I, me.man [m)n l I = M] house, dwelling.Iman-,v. mandan.2man- [m'n- I = M] live, dwell.

.......iin: dwelling, sojourn.3man- [m'n- I = M, N .......] resemble.manag [m'nk l I P m'ng] mind.manag [m'n'k ' I M m'n'g, N mana] like, resembling.---ih: likeness, resemblance.

manban [m'np'n l ] watch-dog.manbed [m'npt l ) master of the house.

mind 54 mast

mAnd [m)nd I = M] house.mAnda~ [m)ndh

'I M m)ndg, N ~a] tired; remiss; fault, sin.

-ih: tiredness.mAndan, lrnan- [KTLWN-tn

'< A '\1 ktr 1M m)nd, N '"""] stay, remain;

v. also 2. 3rnan-.man~ [mng] henbane.mani~ [m)nyh

'] household member.

rnanistan [KTLWNstn'] = mandan.

manist [m)nyft'] abode, dwelling.

-a~ [-hi] sedentary, settled.mansar [m)nsl = Av. mti'Ora-] (holy) word, spell.--bar [-bl] priest.~spand [-spnd = Av. spanta-] holy word; v. maraspand.

Imar [mil M mr, N -] number, reckoning, account; class.2mar [ml] scoundrel, felon.mar [m)ll N ......] snake.mar-, ......isn,v. mardan.mara~ [mlh l ] number.mara~ [m)t>h

'] perceptive, sensitive.

Maraspand [m)rspnd IN......,] (= mansarspand), cal. 29th day.•mar~abuk [mlcPpwk

'] brave, valiant.

~ih: bravery, valour.mard [GBRA < A gbr); mltl 1M m(y)rd, N ......] man.mardan, rnar- [m)l-tn l ] perceive, notice, feel.......,lsn: perception.......isnomand [-fn)wmnd] perceptive.mardana~ [mlt)nk

'I N ......a] manly, brave.

......ih: manliness, bravery.mardom [AN8WTA < A )nfwt); mltwm 1M mrdwhm, N mardum] man,

mankind, people.......ih: humanity, humanness.mardorn-zada~[mltwm z)tk l IN mardum-zti'd] human being.......,ih: humanity.mar~ [mig 1M mrg, N......,] death.......,-arzan [-)lc)n l ] deserving death.~ih: = rnar~ •......omand [-)wmnd] mortal.

rnarig [m)lyk' I M m)ryg-] word, spell.marw [mlw' I M mrw, N -, (mary)] herb.marz [mlc I M m"z, N~] boundary, march; astr. term.marzangos [mlcngwf I N ~] marjoram.marzidan, rnarz- [mic-ytn

'I M mrzyst, mrz-] copulate.

-isn(ih): copulation, fornication.rnarz(o)ban [micp'n

'I N -] margravc, warden of thc marches.

-masay [-ms)d] suffix, -sized.mast [mst l I = M, N ......,] bemused, intoxicated.

mAst 55 mewag

mAst [m'st l IN ........] curds, sour milk.mastarg [mstlg I (M mstgrg)] skull.mastijg [mstwk'] intoxicated, drunken.

........ih: intoxication, drunkenness.mAs [m'f IN ........] vetch, pulse.Imask [mfk' IN,...,,] mussuck, skin bag (for liquids).2mask [msk

'I N mafhO] tent, pavilion.

........abarzen [-'p[zyn l I M mfkbrzyn] royal pavilion.maskizag [mskyck

'I N ........a] small mussuck, skin 'table-cloth'.

maxs [mhI] fly.may [HS < A l;tmr'?; mdy I M my, N ........] wine.mayan [mdy'n l I M my'n, N miyan] middle; among, between.

........ag [-k ' I N ........a] middling, average.mayanjig [mdy'ncyk' I N miyanJi] mediator, intermediary.

........ih: mediation.mayg [KMCA < A qm~'; mdk' IN ........] locust.mayisn [m'dfn'] copulation.mAzandar [m)z-, m)cndl] arch-(demon), gigantic.mazanig [m)znyk

'] (demon) of Mazan.

mazdesn [m);d(y)~l I M m)zdys] Mazda-worshipping, Mazdean.........ih: Mazda-worship, Mazdaism.

mazg [mzg I (M mgj, N mayz)] brain, marrow.mazgit [mzgt l IN ........] mosque.medyozarm [mytywkzlm = Av. mai8yoi.zaramaya-] spring.mey [myy I P myg, N ........] cloud, mist.meh [ms I M mhy, myh, N ........] great(er), old(er).Mehan [myhn l IN ........] home.mehenidan, mehen- [msyn-ytn l ] increase, magnify.~isn: increase.

mehman [me)hm)n'.1 P myhm)n, N~] inhabitant, guest; acceptable.........ih: habitation; hospitality.

mehtar [mstl, ms)tl « P ms)dr) IN ........] elder, senior.,..."ih: adulthood.

menidan, men- [myn-ytn l 1M mn-, N man-] think, consider.,..."isn: thought, intention, disposition.........isnig: thoughtful.

menijg [mynwB I M mynwg, N min6] spiritual, heavenly; spirit.........ig [-yk

'] spiritual.

........(ig)ih: spirit, spirituality.menijg-wen [mynwB H~YTWN] having spiritual insight.

........ih: spiritual insight.merag [mylk

'] young man, husband.

mes [HLLN < A rl;tl?; mys I = P, N ........] sheep, ewe.miH~ag [myfk l ] urine.mes-sar [myIs)ll N ........] having a sheep's head (ornament).mewal1 [mywk' I M myw, N meroa] fruit.

mex 56 mulAn

mex [myh I P myx, N -] peg, nail.- i gAh: astr. Polaris, pole star.

1-3mez-, v. mezidan, mezi~n, mistan.mezd [mYe)zd I N mez] offering, meal.-bAn [-p'n l I N -] host.

mezidan, Imez- [myc-ytn l ] suck.llmeziAn [myesn'] blinking, twinkling.mih [mt l ] false, contrary, opposite.mihoxt [mytwht' ] falsehood.lmihr [mtr' 1M myhr, N -] Mithra; sun; cal. 7th month; 16th day.llmihr [mtr l , etc.] contract, bond.'mihr [mtr', etc.] love, friendship.mihrban [mtrlp'n l I P myhrb'n, N -] friendly, kind.mihr-droz [mtr/d/we] = mihrodruJ.mihriidruJ [mtrPw-, mtrwk-dlwc = Av. miOro.druJim] contract-breaker.-ih: breaking faith.

mihr-zan [mtr1zn l ] = mihrodruj.miJ(ag) [myc(k' ) I N muz(a)] eyelid; eyelash.miJiig [myc-, myswk/ I N mizii] lentil.mir-, v. murdan.mistan, 'mez- [mstn l , myc- IN mezidan] urinate.-i~n(ih) : urination.

mizag [m(y)ck'

I N maza] taste.-dirih [-d'lyh] (sense of) taste.-omand [-)wmnd] tasty.

mizd [m(y)zd IN muzd] reward, hire, pay.-war [-wbll N -ur] hireling.

·mizne [m(y)znydy] mist, dew.miig [mwk'] shoe:-·moy-mard [m~!mlt', -gGBRA I N muy] magus.mor [mwl I N -] ant.m('jrd [mwlt' I N -] myrtle.morwarid [mwlw'lyt' 1M mwrw)ryd, N -] pearl.·mowbed [mgwpt l I N mobad] Mazdean priest.moy [mwd IN -] hair.moyag [mwdk' I N maya] lamentation.moyen [mwdyn

'] (made of) hair.

moz [mwc I N --] banana.mozag [mwck

', N moza] shoe.

·miidag [mwtk'] spoilt, destroyed.muy [DKRA < A dqP I N mux] date-palm.muhr [mwdll M mwhr, N -] seal.-ag [mwhlk' I P mwhrg, N -a] bead, vertebra, piece (in backgammon,

etc.).·muhri~n [mwtlln l ] excrement.mulAn [mw/'n l ] belly (daevic).

murd 57 namci5ti~

P murd [mwlt l I P mwrt !] death.murdan, mir- [YMYTWN-tn' < A ymwtwn, '1/ mwt; mwltn l I M

mu'rd, myr-, N .......] die.murdar [mwTt'I, mwld'll N .......] carrion.murnJenidan, murnJen- [mwlncyn-ytn'] destroy.murw [mwlw l I M mWTW, (N mUTY)] bird.murwa~ [mwlw'k' I M mwrw', N murwa] omen.murwizag, [mwlwyck'] little bird.murw-nis [mwlwnyl] augur, soothsayer.Imust [mwst l ] force, violence.2must [mwst'] = must.3must [mwst l ] complaint.mustl-abarmand [mwstPPlm'nd] aggressive, aggressor.

.......~ar [-kl] violent, rebellious.mustomand [mwst)wmnd I N mustmand] complaining, unhappy.Imusk [mwlk

'IN .......] musk.

2musk [mwsk'

I (N mtis)] mouse, rat.must [mwst l I N ---] fist.mustan, mal- [mwstn', m'l- IN .......] rub, sweep.

Nnab [np I N nawa] grandson.nabanazdist [nb'nzdst

'= Av. naba1tazdista-] next of kin.

naf [n'p I M n'p] family........ag [-k l I N naf(a)] navel.

Inaft [npt l I = M, N .......] moist, damp; naphtha.2naft [npt l ] descendant.nahang, [nsng] province.-nakkira [nkyl'ji] denying, repudiating.

.....yih: repudiation.nal- [n'l- I P (n'r-), N .......] groan, complain.nam [nm IN .......] moisture.nam [SM < A 1m; n'm I = M, N ---] name, fame.namad [nmt' IN .......] felt.namag, [MGLTA < A mglt'; n'mk l I M n'mg, N nama] book, letter.namak [nmk' I M nmyhk, N .....] salt.namaz [OSGDE < A sgdh; nm'c I = M, N .......] reverence, prostration,

prayer........ burdan: pay homage.

nam-burdar [n'm bwlt'll N .......] heir, preserving the father's name.namciit [n'm-, SMelt'], (pad) ,..,,: in particular, especially.

.....ig [-yk'] famous, well known.

nAmi~ 58 nero~omand

nAmi~ [n)myk' I N nami] famous, renowned.--ih: renown.

nan [LIlMA < A l/:tm); n)n l 1 = M, N --] bread, food.nan~ [nng I N --] shame, modesty.nar [ZKL < A :::hr; nll M nr, N --] male, manly.nar~is [nlgs I N --] narcissus.nAri~ [n)(y)lyk '] woman, lady, wife.narm [nlm I M nrm, N --] meek, humble, soft.nasa [ns)y I M n(y)s)h, N --] corpse, carrion.nask [nsk l I N --] a division of the Avesta.nasrust(ih) [nslwst l , -yh] pollution, corruption.nastaran [nstln l I N --] dog-rose, sweet briar.nawad [90 I N --] ninety.naxcir [nheyll M nheyhr, P nxcyr, N --] game, quarry, chase.naxod [nhwt ' ] N --] chick-pea.p naxsa~ [nhSk l I P nxsg] good, fine.naxun [n)hwn

'I N --] (finger) nail.

naxust [nhwst ' I M nxwst, N --] first.nay [KNYA < A '1ny); n)d IN --] reed, cane.nay-, v. nidan.nay [n)d 1M n»', N --] tube, flute, clarion; pole, perch (10 ft.).-- pazd- : blow, play the flute.·nayda~ [n)ywt>k '] deep, unfordable, navigable.nayestan [KNYAst)n

'1N --] reed-bed, cane-brake.

nayiza~ [n)ycl~' I N --a] small reed, straw.nay-sray [n)dsPd] flautist.nazd [nzd I = M, N --] near.nazdik [nzdyh' I = M, N --] near.--ih: proximity.

nazdist [nzdst '] first.nazisn [n)c!n l I N naziS] I. boasting; 2. kindness.nazuk [n)cwk l I (M n)zwg), N --] tender, gentle; fickle.ne [LA < A P I M ny, N na] no, not.nek [nywk

'I M nyk, N --] good, beautiful.

--ih: goodness.nek-gohr [nywl~ gwhl] good-natured, virtuous.--ih: goodness, virtue.

nekog [nywkwk' I M nyyqww!, N neluJ] = nck.nem [PRG < A plg; nym I = M, N --] half.--ag [1zymk' I N --a] half, side, direction.---asp [-)sp] centaur; astr. Sagittarius.......,-roz [-lwe I M -rwe, N ......,] midday, south.......,-tan [-tn l IN......,] middle of the body.

nerang [nylng 1 N --] incantation, charm, spell.nerog [nylwk ' I M nyrwg, N nero] strength, power.......,omand [-)wmnd] strong, powerful.

nest 59 nihanll

nest [LOYTI < A e 'yty I M nyst, N -] is not.-ih: non-existence.

new [T!1 < A tb; nyw l I = M, N -] good, brave.--ardax~ir [nyw'lthfyll N nard !] backgammon.

nezag [nyck' I N neza] lance.neziiman, -ig [nycwm'n l , -yk l I M nyzwm'n] dextrous, skilful.--ih: skill, artistry.

nibard [nplt l I N nabard] fight, struggle, battle.--ag [-k l I N --a] tried, experienced.

nibardidan, nibard- [nplt-ytn' I P nbrd'd] fight, do battle.nibastan, nibay- [SKBHWN-tn I < A v Ikb; npstn l , npd- I M nbst] lie

down, sleep.nibastan, ·nibay- [np'stn' I M nb'st, nb'y-] lay down.nibeg [npyk' I N niwe] writing, scripture, book.nibem [npdm I (P nbdm-)] lying, prostrate.nibi~tan, nibes- lKKTYBWN-stn' < A yktbwn, v ktb; npltn l I M

nbylt, nbys-, N --] write.nidan, nay- [YQ(!l)LWN-tn l < A ydbrwn, v dbr I M nyydn, ny-]

lead.nidom [nytwm] least, smallest.nifridag [nplytk l I N nifrid] accursed.nifrin [nplyn l I N -] curse.nigah [nk's I M 1Ig'h, N -] look, attention.

....., da~tan: watch, keep.-- kardan: look......,-darih, --·dariSnih [-d'l(sll)yh i N -dari] keeping, care.

nigan [nk'n l I P ng'n] buried.nigar- [nk'l- I M ng'r-, N -] draw, design, paint.--ag [_kl I (M ng'r, N nigar)] image, picture, diagram.

nigastar [11k'st'I] guard; protective.nigeridan, niger- [nkyl-ytn l I N nigaridan] look, observe.-i~n: observation......,i~nig: evident, manifest.

nigextan, nigez- [nkyhtn' , nkyc-] expound.--i~n: exposition.

nigez [nkyc] exposition.nigiin [nkwn' I N --] inverted, upside down.--ih: depth, downward direction.-sar [-s'll M ngwns'r] downwards.

nihadag [nyd'tk l I M nyh'dg] foundation.nihadan, nih- [HNHTWN-tn' < A hnl;.t, v nl;.t I M nyh'd, nyh-, N -]

put, place, establish.nihill [nh'll N --] sapling, self-planted tree.nihan [nyh'n' I N --] concealment, secrecy.-ig [-yk' I N .....,i] secret.

nihang [nsng] small, few.

nihuftan 60 nizlr

nihuftan, nihumb- [nhwptn', nhwmh- I = M, N -] cover, hide, conceal,clothe.

nihumbidan [nhwmbytn'] = nihuftan.

+nikOhidan, nikOh- [nkwh-ytn' I N -] blame, execrate.-isn: blame.-isnig: blameworthy, execrable.

nil [nyll N -] indigo.nilOpal [nylw(k)pl I N -, nilofar] lotus, water-lily.nimfidan, nimly- [nmwtn', nm)d-I M nmwdn, nm)y-, N -] show, guide.nirfs- [nlps-] wane, decrease.-isn: decrease, diminution.

nirmad [nylmt l ] profit, interest.-Omand [-)wmnd] profitable.

P nisag [nys)k'

1 P nys)g] bright, splendid.nis- [nys- I M nyys-ydn, J -] see, observe.nisln-, v. nisastan.nisan [nyen l I = M, N nUan] sign, mark, banner.nisast [nsst l I N -] association.nisastan, nisin- [YTYBWN-stn1 < A ...; ytb; nsstn' I M nsst, (nlyy-),

N -] sit.nisastan, nisan- [YTYBWN-stn', -)n-; ni)stn', n1)n-1 Mnf)st,(nf'y-),

N -] set, seat, plant, found.nisayisn [ns)dsn' I M ney-, v. nisastan] foun~ation.

niseb [nsyp I N -] declivity; astr. dejection.-ig [.yk

'] declining.

nisem [nfdm I M nsym, N "-'an] seat, perch.-ag [-k'] residence, abode.

nisin-, v. nisastan.niwag [nw)k' I M nw)g, N nawii] music, song, melody.·niwe [nwyk' I (N nuwed)] good news.+niwey-, -isn, v. niwistan.+niweyenidan [mvykyn-ytn

'] = niwistan.

niwistan, +niwey- [nwstn', nwyd- I nwyk-] announce, consecrate.-isn(ih): announcement.

nixwar- [nswb'l- I M nyxw)r-] hasten.-isn: haste.

niyabag [nyd)pk l I M ny)bg] becoming, fitting, suitable.-ih: suitability.

niyag [nyd)k' i M ny)g, N niya] grandfather, ancestor.niyayisn [nyd'dsn' I N -if] prayer, praise.niyaz [nyd)c I M ny)z, N -] need, want, misery.-Omand [.'wmnd I N -mand] needy.-Omandih: poverty.

niyO(x)sidan, niyO(x)s- [n()')dwhf-ytn l I M ny·ws-, N n()lolidan] hear.......isn: hearing. .

nizar [nz'l 1 (P nyz)wr), N -] weak, feeble.

nizfirih 61 os

-ih: weakness.nizarih- [nz)lyh-] become weak.no [TSA < A tS' I M nwlt, N nuh] nine.nog [1l'1:ck l I 1\'1 nwg, N llfl'lv] new, recent.--roz [-lwe I N nawroz] New Year's day........-zad(ag) [-Z)t(k)' I N nawzad] new-born.

nohom [nhwm I = M, N -] ninth.ni)zdah [nwzdh IN .......] nineteen.nun [KON < A k<ll I M, J nwn] now.

oo [OL < A <l: )w I M )w] to, at: v. also oh.- gird amadan: gather, collect (intr.).- ham kardan: gather (tr.).- ham madan: gather (intr.); come to an end.

·obad-,v.obastan,·oftadan.obardan, obar- [)wp)l-tn' I M )wb)rd] swallow, devour.obastan, .obad- [NPLWN-stn l < A ...; npl; )wpstn', )wpt- (if not oft-,

q.v.) I M )wbyst, J )w,8st-] fall.·oftadan, Oft- [)wpt- I M )wpt)d, N uft-] fall.ogar [)wk)l] ebb.ogardan, ogar- Cwk)l-tn

'] remove, expel.

*ogra [)wgl)y] declination, dip.oh [KN < A kn I M )wlt] so, thus: (with verbs, giving a sense of uncertainty)

may, perhaps.Ohrmazd [)whrm:;:d I M )whrm(y)zd, N H6rmuzd] Ahura Mazda: astr.

Jupiter: cal. 1St day of the month.-om [-wm I = M, N .......] suffix forming ordinal numbers from panJom

onwards.-omand [-)wmnd I M -wmnd, N -mand] suffix forming adjectives of

quality.·oreb(ih) ewlyp(yh)] disappointment.oron [)wlwn' I M )wrwn] hither.

az ... -: since.osan- Cws)n- I = M] throw down.ospurdan, ospar- Cwspl-tn

'] tread, trample.

ostO, v. awest D•

ost [)wst'] firm, reliable.ostigan [)wstyk)n' I M hwstyg)n, N ustuwan?] firm, strong, sure, reliable.-ih: reliability.

lOS r>w{ I = M, N hoI] consciousness, intelligence.--ih: = os.

20S [)w{ I = M] death.

os 62 padiragih

30S ['wI] dawn.osastar ['wsstl] east.os(e)bam ['wfb'm I M 'wsyb'm] dawn.osmarag ['wfm'lk l I N sumara] calculation, reckoning.osmurdan,osmar-, (osmur-) [MNYTWN-tn l < A..Jmnh; 'wsmwltn l ,

'wsm'l- I M '(w)sm'r-, N fumurdan, fumar-] count, reckon; consider,notice, remember, study.

-isn: reckoning; consideration, study.osmurdig ['wsmwltyk'] calculated (of the solar calendar).osomand ['w.Pwmnd] mortal.osyar ['wsd'l I N h-] conscious.llwon ['wgwn' I M ))wn] as, so.oy [OLE < A (l-h I M 'wy, N -] he, she, that; (pi. awesan).·oyrist ['w(k)ylSt l = Av. awaoirifta-] a degree of sin.oz ['we] strength, power.ozadan,ozan- [YKTLWN-, YKTLWN-tn l < A 'yq#wn, ..J qtl; 'wetn' l

M 'wzdn, 'wzn-] kill. -ozarak ['we'lk' I M hwz'rk] little, small, few.ozomand ['we'wmnd] strong, powerful.

ppa(~)~en [pegn'] copy.·pa(~)~ibag [pcyp'k', PWNc- I N ·pajito] ·deceptive.-ih: deceit, hypocrisy.·pa(~)cibay- [peyp'd-, PWNe-] deceive.pad [PWN, for ·pty I M pd, N pal to, at, in, on.pad- [pt- I M ·pd-] fall.padam [pd'm I (N paniim)] mask for the mouth, worn by a celebrating

priest.Ipadan, pay- [NTLWN-tn

'< A ...; 111r; p'tn1, p'd- I M p'd, p'y-, N

payidan] protect, watch, defend.2padan, pay- [NTLWN-tn ' , etc.] stand, wait.padasn [p'td'fn ' I M p'd'fyn, N piidiis] reward, retribution.padex [ptyhw

'] flourishing, prosperous.

-ih: prosperity.padexenidan, padexen- [ptyhwyn-ytn'] make flourish, prosper.padez [p'tyc I M p'dyz, N piiyez] autumn.pad-gohr [PWNgwhl] I. jewelled; 2. of good stock, well-born.padifrah [p'tpl's I M p)dypr'h, N ·piidafriih] punishment, retribution.padir-, -isn, v. padiriftan.padirag [plylk l I M pd)'rg, N paSira] towards, against, counter-.

(0) ....., madan: come to meet.--ih: meeting, opposition.

padiran 63 pahikardan

padiran [p)tgPn1] restrained, held back.padiran(en)idan, padiran(en)- [p)tgl)n(yn)-ytn l ] restrain, impede.padiriftan, padir- [MK.ll.LWN-tn l < A mqb!, ...; qbl; ptgl-ptn' I M

pdyr-yptn, N paSiruftan] receive, accept ........isn: reception, acceptance.

IpadIsiir [ptys)ll N padisiir ?] beginning, basis.2padIsiir [ptys)l] bridle, halter.padlsay [pts)d I M pdys)y] on account of, for the sake of.padist [ptst' I P pdyst] promise, vow.

..... (abar) burdan: promise.padlstadan, padist- [ptyst-)tn' I (P pdystwd)] promise, vow.padista(g) [ptyst)k

'I (M pdyst)w)] = padist.

padis [ptf I M pdyi] to him, it; postposition (= pad) to, etc.padistan [ptyft)n l I P pdyft»n] leg.padIsxwar [ptfhwl] dish, bowl.padIxsa(y) [8LYTA < A flyt); p)thS>(d) I M p)dxe",] ruler; powerful,

authoritative, authorized ........ih: sovereignty, authority.

padixsir [p)thfyl] agreement, treaty.pad-nerog [PWNnylwk' ] strong.pad-nigerisn [PWNnkylfn

'] cared for, guarded.

padofrah [p)twpl)s] = padifrah.pad-panag [PWNp)nk

'] guarded, protected.

P padrazm [p)tlcm] battle.piid-rozag [p)tlwck

'I M p)drwcg] fasting.

pad-uzwan [p)t)wzw)n l ] reticent........Ih: reticence.

pad-wizen [PWNwcyn' ] choice, select.pAdyab [p)ty>j, I N --] ritually clean; ceremonial ablution.--ih: ceremonial ablution.

padyawand [p)tyd)'wnd I J p)dywnd] strong, powerful.--ih: strength, superiority.

piidzahr [p)tzhl I N pii(d)zahr] bezoar, antidote.pad-zyan [PWNzyd)n l ] harmful.pafsar- [pps>l-] shame.pafsir- [ppfyl-] be ashamed.

.......isn(ih): shame.pah [p)h] sheep.--ast [-stl] sheep-fold, -pen.

pahikaftan, pahikaf- [ptkp-tn l I M phykf-] fall on, touch, hit, attack.--Isn: attack, fight.

pahlkaftan, pahikaf- [ptk)p-tn l ] throw on, make fight.pahlkar [ptk!1 M phykr, N paykar] picture, image.pahikar [ptk)!1 M phyk»T, N paykiir] struggle, battle, dispute.Ipahikar- [p"tk)!.] fight, contend with, defeat.pahikardan, 2pahikar- [ptk)l-tn

'] request, claim, consult.

pahikoftan pardAxtan

pahlkoftao, pahikob- [ptkwp-tlJ'] strike.pahlawig [.p'hlwbyk I I (M phlw'nyg), N pahlaw(an)i] Parthian j Pahlavi.pAhlom [p'hlwm] excellent, best, foremost.--ih: excellence.

pahliig [P'hh()/~1 I N palzlit] side, rib.pahn [p'hn l I N --] wide, broad.--ay [~'d I N ",a] width, breadth.

Ipahrextan, pahrez- [p'hlyhtn', p'hlyc- I M phryz-, J -, N parhextan,

parhez-] abstain, refrain, avoid.2pahrextan, pahrez- [p'hlyhtn

', p'hlyc- I M (phrystn), phryz-] care for,

tend, protect.pahrez [p'hlyc I N parhez] defence, care.·pahrmah- [ptlm'h- I (N parmas-)] touch.--agih [-'kyh] , -Iso: touch, feeling.

pak [DKYA < A dky'; p'k' I = M, N --] clean, pure, holy.--ih: purity, holiness.

pakizag [p'kyck'

I N --a] pure.palang [plng IN-] leopard.---musk [-mwlk' IN",] speckled basil.

paliidag [p'lwtk l I N -a] starch jelly, flummery.piUiidan, palay- [p'lwtn', p'l'd- I (M p'rwdn, p'r'y-), N --] strain, filter,

purify.pambag [pmbk' I N panba] cotton.--en [-yn l ] (made of) cotton.

pandg [p'n(,)k'

I M p'ng] guard, protector; shepherd.-ih: protection.

panah [pn'h I = M, N --] protectorj refuge.pad -- grlftan: take refuge with.-ih: protection.

pand [pnd I = M, N -] path; counsel, advice.panir [pnyil N -] cheese.panJ [pnc I P pnj, (M pnz), N "'] five.--ag [_kl I N "'a] pentad; hand, paw.--ah [-'h I N --] fifty.

panzdah [p'ncdh I M p'nzdh, N -] fifteen.Iparag [p'lk l I N para] piece, part, portion.2parag [p'lk l I M p'rg, N para] gift, offering, bribe.parahom [pl'hwm = Av. para.haoma-] consecrated drink (the infusion

in holy water of pounded hom and pomegranate twigs, sometimes withmilk added).

pardag [pith ' I N parda] veil, curtain.pardaxtan, pardaz- [pldhtn',pldc-I Mprdxt, N -], -- az: be done with,

freed of.-- ij: set about, undertake.-lsn: freedom; undertaking.

pardaxtan, pardaz- [pld'!ltn', pld'c- I N --] accomplish.

pardaxtan pasbAnih

,...., az: free (oneself) from.pargandan, pargan- [plkn-, plgn-du' (P pr'gnd, N paragandan)]

scatter, distribute, disperse.pargast [plgst' IN,....,] let it not happen! Heaven forbid!pargiid [plgwt l I P prgwdg] , ,...., az: free, exempt from.parig [plyk l I M pryg, N pari] witch.paristag [plstk' I N pirista] servant.,....,ih: service; worship.

paristar [plst'll N parastar] maidservant.paristidan, parist- [plst-ytn l I M pryst-, N parastidan] serve, worship.,....,iAn: service, worship.

paristog/k [plstwk'

I P prstwg, N piristii(k)] swallow.parnagan [plnyk'n l I M prng'n, N parniyan] polychrome damask.parr [pll M pr, N ,....,] feather, wing.parrag [plk

', plg I P prg, N ,....,a] wing.

,....,ig [-yk'] winged.parrextan, parrez- [plyhtn

', plyc-] remain over, be superfluous.

parron [plwn l I M prwn] hence, away.parrwar [plwl I M prwr] winged.parsig [p'lsyk' I N parsi] Persian.parS [piS'] spotted, speckled.parwal [plw'll (P prwrz)] refreshment, nourishment.parwal- [plw'l- I (P prwrz'dn)] foster, nourish.-isn: nourishment.

parwanag [plw'nk l I M prw'ug, N ......a] guide, leader.......ih: guidance, leadership.

parwand [plwnd IN ......] enclosure, comprehension.parwand-, v. parwastan.P parwangah [*'plw'ng's] throne.parwar [plyw'll N ......] citadel; circumvallation; suburb, surroundings.parwardan, parwar- [plwl-tn l I M prwrdn, N ......] foster, nourish,

cherish, educate.......isn: nourishment, fostering, education.

parwast [plwst l ] enclosure.parwastan, parwand- [plwstn', plwnd-] surround, enclose, contain,

comprise.parwaz [plw'c IN ......] flight.parzin [plcyn l I M prcyn, J przyn, (N parlin)] fence, hedge.pas [AHL < A '?zr; BATL < A b-'tr;ps 1= M, N ......] then, afterwards,

behind.,.., az: after.......ih: rear.

pas [p's I = M, N ......] guard, watch....., dastan: keep watch, guard.

pasban [p)sp'n l I M p'sb'n, N ......] guardian, watcher•......ih: defence, protection.

pas-danisnih 66 payda~

pas-danisnih [AHLd)nsnyh] anti-knowledge.pasemal [psym)l, v. hamemal] defendant, accused.--ih: (legal) defence.

pasen [psyn l I N pasin] final, last.pasox [p)shw

'I N --] = passox.

passand [psnd I N pasand] pleasure, liking.passandidan, passand- [psnd-ytn

'I M psynd-, N pasandidan] like,

approve.--isn: liking, approval.,..,isnig : likeable.

passaxt [ps)ht l ] test.passaxtan, passaz- [ps'htn', ps'c- I M ps'xt, ps'c-] fashion, prepare;

insert; test.--isn: preparation, constitution.passaza~ [psck

'I M pscg] suitable, fitting.

--ih: suitability.passox [pshw

'1M pswx, N pasux] answer.

past [pst l IN .......] low; astr. dejection.paseman [psym'n l I = M, N .......] penitent, repentant.

.......ih: penitence, repentance.pasm [psm IN.....,] wool.

.....,en [-yn l I N --in] woollen.pasn [pin ' ] bond, agreement.pasnag [p'snk

'I N .....,a] heel.

pAsom [pC)swm] excellent.passin~ [psng I N pising] drop, exudation.passinjag [psnck

'I N pisanJa] drop.

passinjidan, passinj- [psnc-ytn l I N pisanJidan] sprinkle•.....,isn: sprinkling.

past(ag) [pst(k)1 I J pst] pact, bond, agreement.·pattan [pen l ] noise, resonance.,..,omand [-)wmnd] resonant.

patdiyistan [pt>dstn' ] = pattiidan.pattiidan, pattay- [ptwtn l , pt>d- I P ptwdn, M pt'y-] stay, remain, last,

endure.pattflg [ptwk l ] enduring, patient, persevering.--ih: endurance, patience, perseverance.

paxsag [phfk'

I N pasa] mosquito, gnat.Ipay [pdy IN.....,] foot; footstep, track.

....., i: after.2pay [pdy I M pyy, N.....,] sinew, tendon.pay [LGLE < A rglh; p)dy I M ply, N .....,] foot, leg; foot (12 in.).1,2 pay-, v. 1,2 padan.payadag [pd'tk l I M py)dg, N piyada] on foot, foot-soldier, (chess) pawn.payag [p)d(y)k

'I N paya] base, station.

payda~ [pyt)k l I M pyd'g, N payda] .visible, obvious, revealed.

payda~ih pazzlftan

-ih: visibility, appearance.paydagenidan, payda~en- [pyt'kyn-ytn' I M pyd'gy"yd] reveal,

explain.payda~ihistan, paydagih- [pyt'kyh-stn l ] appear, be revealed.payg [pdk

'I (P pdg), N -] foot-soldier, courier.

• paygal [pyg)ll N payyiila, piyiila] cup, goblet.-~ar [-kl] cup-maker.

paygam [pgt>m! I M pyg)m, N pay(y)am] message.......bar [-bll N -bar] messenger, apostle.

paygijs [p'tkws I M p)ygws] district, province.payman [ptm'n l 1M pym'n, N ......] measure, period; moderation; treaty.0- madan: reach maturity.......ag [-k l I N ......a] period, measure, proportion.

paymanig [ptm'nyk l ] moderate.......ih: moderation.

·paymar [PKDWN < A pqdwn; p)tym'l] appointment, assignment.paymay-,v.paymudan.paymog [ptmwg I M pymwg] clothes, garment.paymoxtan, paymoz- [ptmwhtn1, ptmwc- I M pymwxt, pymwc-] don,

wear.paymozan [ptmwcn l 1M pymwcn] garment, dress.paymudan, paymay- [ptmwtn l , ptm'd- IN ......] measure.·payram [p'tlm] the commonalty,-people.payrastan, payray- [pt-, pyPstn l , pyPd- I M pyr)st, pyr)y-. N perilstan]

arrange, adorn.payrayag [pyl)dk' I M pyr)yg, N periiya] ornament, adornment.payrog [ptlwk

'] light, brightness.

paywand [ptwnd I (M pywn), N -] connection; offspring.paywand-, v. paywastan.paywasag [ptw)sk l ] leather bag, wallet.paywastag [ptwstk' I N ......a] continually.paywastan, paywand- [ptwstn l , ptwnd- M pywst, (pywyn-), N ......]

join, connect.paywaz- [ptw'c- I M pyw'z-] answer, reply.

......ag [-k l ], ......iso: response.paz-, v. poxtan.pazand [p)cnd IN ......] the Pahlavi commentaries on the scriptures (zand),

transcribed in Avestan letters.pazd [pzd I = P] oppression, persecution.pazd- [pzd- I = M] blow, play (flute).pazdagih [pzdkyh] expulsion.pazdenidan, pazden- [pzdyn-ytn' I P pzd-] frighten, chase.pazen [p'c(y)n l I M p'cn, N pazan] ibex.pazug [pzwk' I (N payiik, xabazdu)] guinea-worm.- i giihgard I giihward: dung worm.

pazzaftan [pz)ptn I liM pzpt ,intr.)] (cause to) ripen.

pazzam- 68 pilban

pazzam- [pz)m-] mature, ripen (intr.) .....,isn: maturation, ripening.

pazzamenidan [pz)myn-ytn l ] = pazzaftan.pecidan, pee- [pyc-ytn' I N --] twist, entwine.pem [pym] milk.pemenidan, pemen- [pymyn-ytn l ] cause to well up, swell up.pen [p(y)n l ] mean, miserly, niggardly.....,ih: meanness.

peramOn [pyPmwn l I M pyr)mwn, N --mun] around.peroz [pylwc I M pyrwz, N --] victorious.....,ih: victory.

perOzgar [pylwckl IN....,] victorious.....,ih: victory.

pes [pys IN....,] mottled, leprous; leper.pesidan, pes- [pys-ytn l ] colour, adorn.

....,iAn: adornment.pesUin [pyst)n l IN....,] breast.pes [LOYN' < A f-Cyn; pyf I = M, N --] before.IpeAag [pylk l I N pesa] trade, craft; guild, caste.·pesag [pyfk' ] limb, member, part.pesanig [pyf)nyk ' I N pilani] forehead.pesar [pyell M pys)r] leader, guide.

...., biidan: be guilty (of), commit.pesarwar [pyelw)l, v. pesyar] urination.pesernal [pyfym)l, v. hamemal] plaintiff.....,ih: prosecution.

pesenig [pyfynyk ' I (M pyfyn(g), N pesina)] former; foremost, noble.pes-gah [pylg)s IN....,] audience chamber; foremost seat.pes-kar [pyfk)ll N ....,] servant.pesObay [pyfC)'lop)d I M pyfwb)y, N peswa] leader, vanguard.....,ih: leadership.

pM-parag [pyfp)lk ' I N ""'a] an appetizer.pesyar [pylk) I I N --] urine.petit [pytyt l = Av. paitita-] penance.--ig [-yk'] penitent.....,igih: penitence.

petyarag [p(y)tyd)lk l = Av. paityara- I M pty)r, N patyiira] evil, misMfortune; adversary; astr. detriment.

....,ih: (onslaught of) evil.Ipid [AB' < A )b-y; p(y)t l I M pyd] father.lipid [p(y)t l I P pyd] meat, flesh.pidar [ABYtl, v. Ipid; pytll M pydr, N ....,] father.pih [pyhw'] food, victuals.pih [TLBA = A trb); pyb IN....,] fat, tallow.pil [pyt I M pyl, N --] elephant; (chess) bishop.

......ban [-p)n l I N --] elephant-driver.

pillagan 69 pust

pillagan [plk)n'I M pylg, N ......]steps, ladder.

pirn [pym] pain, pang, sorrow.......gen [-kyn'] sorrowful.

pir [pyl IN ......] old, aged, ancient.......ih: age.

piring [plng I M pryng, (N pirind)] monochrome damask.pist [pst' IN ......] browned flour.pistag [pstk l I N pista] pistachio nut.pisiz [pfyc IN ......] small copper coin, 'farthing'.pOhisn [pwhfn'] corruption, decay.polawad [pwPpt l I M pwPwd, N poliid] steel.

......en [-yn'] (made of) steel.pondik [pndk' I Ar. b/funduq] hazel-nut.par [pwl IN.....,] francolin.paryotkes [pwlyw(k)tkys = Av. paoiryo.tkaesa-] (one of) the first

teachers of the Mazdean religion......,ih: the primal doctrine of the Mazdean religion.

post [pwst l i = M, N.....,] skin, hide; bark, shell......,en [-yn' I N ......in] (made of) skin.

posidan, pos- [pws-ytn' IN.....,] cover, put on, wear.......isn: covering.

potk [pwtk'

IN.....,] sledge-hammer.poxtan, paz- [APPWN-tn' < A -vi )ph; ptohtn', pc- I M pwxtn, N ......]

cook, bake.poy- [pwd- I (P pwd-), N .....,] run......,isnig: running.

poz(ag) [pwc(k') I N poz(a)] snout, muzzle.piidag [pwtk ' I N piida] foul, rotten.

......ih: rottenness.Ipuhl [pwhl I N pull bridge.2puhl [pwhl] expiation, atonement; punishment.puhlenidan [pwhlynytn'] cause to atone.purnay [pwln)d] adult.purr [MALE < A mlh; pwll M pwr, N ......] full......,·gah [-g)s] at the fullness of time, about to die.......-rnah [-m)h] full moon.......-rawisnih [-lwbInyh] fullness.......-sardag [-sltk'] of all kinds.......-xwarrah [-GDE] full of glory.

pursidan, purs- [pwrs-ytn l I M pwrs-ydll, N ......] ask. \~ ? t(~ ­......isn: question.......isnig: responsible.

pus [BRE < A br-h; pws I = M, N ......] son.......ar [BREtt pwsll M pwsr, N ......] son.......yan [pwslPn l I M pwsy)n] womb.

pust [ptost l I =" M, N --] back; support, protection.

puAtag 70

pu~tag [pwlth'] load (carried on the back).puAtibAn [pwltykp)n

'IN ......] supporter, bodyguard.

......ih: support, protection.

R

ranJenidan

rabih [lpyh I M rbyh] noon, midday (heat).rad [ltl IN ......] (spiritual) chief, master.

......ih: office of rad.rAd [pt' I P r)d, N ......] generous, liberal.

......ih: generosity, liberality.radag [ltk' I M rdg, N rada] line, rank, row.radomand [lewmnd] having a rad.rad-passag [ltps)h l ] ceremonies of the giihanbiir festivals.radunay [ltwny = Av. ratunaya-] one under the guidance of a rad.raftan. raw- [SGYTWN-tn' < A V sg); lwb- I M rptn, rw-, N ......] go,

move, proceed.......iAn. v. rawiAn.

raftar [lpell N ......] goer.rag [lh ' I M rg, N ......] vein.

......ih: disposition, character.ray [lgy I P rg] quick, swift.ray [pg IN ......] meadow, plain.rah [Is, lb, lhy I M rh(y)] chariot, wagon.rah-, v. rastan.rah [ps I M r)h, N ......] road, way.rahag [lhk

'I P rhg] = rag.

rAh-dar [l'sd)ll N ......] brigand, highway robber.......ih: brigandage.

rahig [lsyk', lhyk

'I M rhyg, N rahi] child, page.

......ih: childhood.rah-nimay [l)snm)d I (M r)hnmwd)r), N ......numa] guide.ram [l'm I M r)m, N -] peace; cal. 21st day.ram(ag) [lm(h

') I P rm, N ram(a)] herd, flock.

ramenidan, ramen- [l'myn-ytn l I M r)myn-] give peace, pleasure.ramiAn [l'mln ' I M r)myln, N ramil] peace, ease, pleasure.

......ig [-yh l I N ......ifi] peaceful, at ease.ran [pn' IN ......] thigh.P ran- [l'n-] fight.randidan, rand- [lnd-ytn

'IN ......] scratch, grate, abrade.

rang [lng I M_rng, N ......] colour, dye.ranJ [Inc I P rnj, (M rnz), N ......] toil, trouble.

......ag [-hi I N ......a] troubled.ranJenidan, ranJen- [lnc)'n-.rtnl] trouble.

ranJwar 71 reA

ranJwar [lnewll (M rnzwr), N ran]ar] troubled, distressed.rapihwin [lpys-, lpyt-pyn', -wyn' = Av. rapi8f3ina-] the afternoon gah;

south.-tar [-tl] southern.

rasan [lsn' IN.....,] rope.rasenidan, rasen- [lsyn-ytn'] bring.rasidan, ras- [YHMTWN-tn' < A yhmtwn, ..; mt'; ls-ytn l I M rs-ydn,

N -] arrive, mature.raspig Wspyk'] second officiating priest.rast Wst l I M r'st, N -] true, straight, direct.-ih: truth.

rastag [lstk' I N rasta] series, row, progression; element.rastan, rah- [lstn', W)h- IN.....,] escape.rastarih [lst'lyh] escape.rasiig [lswk' I (N rasa)] weasel.RaAn [ifni I M rIn, N -] god of Justice; cal. 18th day.raAtan, ·raz· [lftn l ] colour, dye.raw·, v. raftan.rawag [lwb'k' I N rawa] current.-ih: currency.

rawagenidan, rawagen· [lwb'kyn-ytn'] set in motion, propagate.rawenidan, rawen- [SGYTWNyn-ytn l , v. raftan] cause to go, extend.rawiAn [lwbIn', SG YTWNIn', v. raftan I N rawil] going, motion•

......ih: behaviour; as a suffix, forms abstract nouns.ray Wd I M r'y, N ra] postposition, for, for the sake of.rayenag [l'dyn'k l I M r'yn'g] arranger.rayenidan, rayen- Wdyn-ytn l I M r'yn-ydn] lead, direct, arrange,

organize.-iAn: action, function; arrangement.

rayenidarih [l'dynyt'lyh I M r'ynyd'ryh] direction, organization.rayiAn [I'dIn'] order, arrangement.rayomand [l'd'wmnd] rich, majestic.raz [Ie, lz I N -] vine: vineyard.raz We I M r'z, N -] secret, mystery.-ig [-yk l ] secret.

raz·kirrog [l'e kylwk l I M r'z qrwg] architect, builder.razm [lem I M rzm, N -] battle.

......·gah [-g's I P .g'h, (M rzm'h), N ---] battlefield.raziir [lcwll M rzwr] forest.redak [lytk' I N ---] lad, page.reg [lyk' IN-] sand.rem [lym I M rym, N ---] dirt, filth, purulence.reman [lymn l I M rymn, N ......] dirty, filthy, purulent.-ih: filth.

lreA [lyf I N ---] wound, sore.2reA [lyl I N ---] beard.

teiall 72 r6zill

reia~ [lylk'

I N rela] root, fibre.reiidan, rei- [lyl-ytn l IN,....,] wound, hurt.reik~n [lylknl] hurtful, harmful.,....,ih: harmfulness.

rextan, rez- [lyhtn', lye- I P r)lxt, M ryz-, N ,....,] flow, pour.

,....,iin: flow.ridan, riy- [lytn', ld- IN,....,] defecate, void.rist [lyst

'I M ryst] dead.

trista~ [lystk'] corpse.

Iristal\ [lystk'] way, manner; sect.

rist-axez [lyst»hye I M ryst)hyz, N ,....,] resurrection of the dead.riital\ [1(y)ltk' I N ""'0] rope, string, thread.riy-, v. ridan.riyahrih [ld)hlyh] scorn, mockery.r6b [lwp] robbery.r6b- [lwp- I N ruJtan, ,....,] rub, sweep.robah [TALE < A tCl'; lwp)h IN,....,] fox.trod [lwtl I M rwd, N ,....,] river.IIrod [lwtl IN .....] stringed instrument.r6d-bar [lwtb)I IN,....,] river bank.r6dil\ [lwtykl I (N rOda)] intestine, gut; ,....,an, (pl.) entrails, guts.r6yn [M(H)SYA < A ml~); lwknl I P rwgn, (M rwyyn), N rauyan] oil,

butter......-xwardil\ [-hwltyk'] sweetmeats.

r6n [lwnl I M rwn] direction.6 ••. ,....,: towards.

rospil\ [lwspyk'

I N ,....,i] whore.,....,jh: whoredom.

rostil\ [lw(t)st'k' I (P rwdyst)g), N rastd] river-bed; district, province.r6in [lwln l I M rwIn, N rOlan] light; bright, light.

.....ih: light.roinlal\ [lwfnk

'] clear, obvious.

""'l\ar [-kll (P -)gr, M -ygr), N -gar] illuminator.troy [lwd 1M rwy, N,....,] face.IIroy [lwd I M rwy, N .....] copper, brass.roy-, ,....,iin, v. rustan.royan [lwd.yn l IN .......] madder.royen [lwdyn

'I M rCwyn, N r6yin] (made of) copper, brazen.

roz [YWM < Aywm; lwe I M rwe/z, N,....,] day.r6zal\ [lwek l I M rweg, N r6za] fast, fasting.rozal\ [lwe)k

'] lightning.

rozan [lwen'

IN,....,] window.r6z(b)anal\ [lwe(p»nk'] window.rozenidan. rozen- [lwcyn-ytn

'I M rwcyn-] lighten, brighten.

r6zl\ir [lwck)ll N ,....,] daytime.rozig [lwc)'k ' I N r()zi] daily bread, sustenance.

rOz·labln 73 san

rOz·labAn [YWM, lwe Ip'n l I N Iaban(a)roz] day and night.rOzwArag [lwcw'lk l ] daily, everyday.r6z.ward [lwewlt'] changeable, fickle.rubOdan, rubAy. [lpwtn', lp'd· I M rbwdn, rb'y·, N ......] snatch, rob.rQdan, rOn· [lwtn l , lwn- I (N rUda)] pluck, pull out.rQrag [lwlk l ] medicinal plant, herb.rustan, r6y- [lwstn l , lwd· I M rwst, rwy·, N ......] grow.

......iln: growth.ruwAn [lwb'n l I M rw'n, N ......] soul.

......Ig [-yk l I N ......i] spiritual.ruzd [lwzd 1M rwzd, N razd] greedy•

......Ih: greed.

ssabuk [spwk l IN ] light, easy.sabz [spz, shz IN ] green, fresh.sad [IOO I M sd, N ] hundred.Sadwes [stwys I M sdwys] a star (Fomalhaut ?).Jsa~ [KLBA < A klb' IN ......] dog.Isag [Ski] stone.sAg [s'k I P s'g] number.sagen [skyn l I M sygyn] stony.sagr [sgll N sir] sated, satiate.

......Ih: satiety.sahi~ [shyk l I M shyg, N sahi] worthy.

......ih : worthiness.sahistan, sah- [MDMEN-stn l = A mdmh, ...; dmh I(M shyd, s(y-)] seem;

seem proper.......iin: satisfaction.

sahm [shm I = M, N ......] terror.......g~n [-k(y)n l I N ......gin] terrible.......~enih: terribleness.sah6~ [shwk l ] hare.sAk [s)k

'I (N saw)] tribute.

sAl [SNT < A Int I (M s)r), N """'] year.-siUa~ [SNTk' , s'lk l I N -sala] .•.•years-old."""'ih: age (of ... years).

silUlr [srd'lll\1 s'[Jr, s','" N """'] leader, master.......ih: authority.

sAlwAr [s'lw'l] perennial.silmAn [s'm'n l I = M, N """'] limit, boundary."""'6mand [-)wmttd I M -wmnd] bounded.

sam6r [smwl IN .....] sable (marten).SaD [$)n l IN ......] kind, manner.

sanlt 74 sen murw

sang [KYPA < A kyp'; GGA (in error); sng I (P 'sng), N -] stone, rock.-sar [·s'l] stony place.

sanJ-, v. saxtan.sanwar [snwl = Av. 8anwar-] bow.sar [LOY8E < A T'lh; sll M ST, N -] head; top, summit; end, begin­

ning.sarasar [sl'sl I N -..] from end to end.sard [slt' I M sTd, N .....,] cold......,ih: coldness.

sardalt [sltk' = Av. sartJ8a- I (M s'rg), J srdg] sort, kind.sardser [sltsyl I N -..] cold region, uplands.sarenidan, saren- [s'lyn-ytn

'] provoke.

sargen [slgyn l I N sargin] dung, manure.sarmag [slm'k

'1 N sarma] coldness.

sarw [slw(b) I 1 M srw, N .....,] cypress.sas [s's 1 N -..] bug.sastar [s'st'll P s'st'r] commander; tyrant.-ih: tyranny.

Sawah [sw'h = Av. sawahi-] the western continent of the earth.saxt [s(')ht

'1 N -] strong, hard, severe(ly); very.

.....,ih: strength, severity.saxtag [shtk

'I (N saxtiyan)] morocco leather.

saxtan, sanj- [s'htn ' , sne- 1N -] weigh.saxtan, saz- [s'htn', s'e- 1 (P s'e-), N .......] make, prepare; tolerate.saxtarih [s'ht'lyh] toleration, forbearance.saxwan [MRYA < A mly'; shwn l 1M sxwn, N suxan] word, speech.say-, v. sudan.sayag [s'dk

'1 M s'yg, N saya] shade, shadow.

lsaz- [se- 1 M SZ-, N .......] be fitting, proper, worthy.-isn(ih): fitness, worthiness.

2saz-, .......isn, v. sazistan.saz-, v. saxtan.sazag [se'k I N saza] fitting, worthy.-ih: fitness, worthiness. .'"";"war [-w'liN sazawar] = sazag.

sazistan, 2saz- [se-stn'] pass......,isn: passing, transience.-..isnig: transient, perishable, mortal.s~ [3; TLTA < A tit' 1M sh, N si] three.seb [syp I N -] apple.seJ [sye = Av. i8yeJah- I N -..] danger, trouble......,omand [-'wmnd 1 N -mand] dangerous.

sel [s/ IN.....,] spear, javelin.sem [sym I N -] = asem.lSen(ag) [syn(k) I I N sinal breast, chest.2Sen murw [synmwlw 1 (N simury)] a fabulous bird.

se-pay 75 spas

se-pay [3-p)d I N sipa] three-legged.sir, v. sagr.se-Aabag [3-fph l ] three-night-Iong, trinoctial.seyom [3wm IN .......] -third (in compound numerals).s~zd [s(y)zd I P syzd, (N sez[agi?)] might, tyranny; tyrannous.sezdah [syedh I M syzdh, N .......] thirteen.s~zden [s(y)zdyn l I P syzdyn] mighty, tyrannous.si [sy] goose.sidig(ar) [styk', -kZI M sdyg, N sidigar] third.sih [30 I M syh, N si] thirty.

.......om [-wm] thirtieth.slk [HLYA < A bP; sB IN .......] vinegar.sisimbar [sysymbl, -nbll N sisambar] sisymbrium, wild-thyme.·Skandar [swkndl I N sihandar] = Aleksandar.snah [sn)h] blow, strike, violence.sneh [snyh] sword.snexr [snyhl] snow.snezag [snyeh

'] snow.

snOy [snwd] (rain-, snow-)cloud.sOftsta [swhpst)hi] sophist.ls~g [swh l ] use, profit, advantage.2s0g [swh

'] burning, combustion.

ssog [swh'I N so(y)] side, direction.

sOgand [S'lvknd I M swgnd, N saugand] oath........ xwardan: take, swear an oath.

sOhlstan, soh- [swh-stn'] touch, feel.

....,IAn: feeling, sense.

....,iAnig: feeling, sensitive.s~r [swl] salty.....,ag [-hi] salt (land).

sosan [swsn' I .N ....,] lily.SoAyans [swkfydns = Av. saofyas] saviour (especially the final Saviour

who will bring about the frafagird).sOxtan, soz- [swhtn

', swe- I M swxt, swe-, N ......] bum.

......iAn: burning, combustion.

....,IAnig: burning, flaming.sozag [swe)h

'I M swc)gyn, N soza] burning.

si)zan [swen l IN....,] needle.spah [sp)h I N sipah] army.

.....,bed [-pt l I N -bud] general, commander.spandan [spnd)n' I N sip....,] mustard seed.Spandarmad [spndrmt'] N isfandarmufJ] Holy Thought, the fourth

Amahraspand, earth goddess; cal. 12th month; 5th day.spar [spl I M (spr, N sipar] shield.spar-,v. spurdan.spas [sp)s I M )s-, (sp)s, N sipas] service, gratitude, thanks.

spls dastan srOd

spls dlstan, '" han~ardan: thank, give thanks.spas.dar [sp)sd)lj N sip,...,] grateful, thankful.",ih: gratitude.

spasl-eAnas [sp)sfn)s] grateful.--omand [-)wmnd] grateful.

spas [sp)f = Av. 6f3ala-] space, atmosphere.spaxr [sp)hll M <spxr, N ·siparx] merrymaking, revelry.spaz~ [spzg I (M <spgj), N sipazg-] slanderous.",ih: slander.

sped [spyt l I M <spyd, N saped] white.--a~ [_kl I N -a] white (of egg, etc.).-bag [-p)k' I N .bil] curd soup.",·dar [·d)ll N .dar] white poplar, aspen.spena~ [sp(y)n)k' = Av. spanta., cf. gannag] holy.'" menog: the Good Spirit.

spig [spyk' I M <spyg, (N sapriy)] I. brilliance; 2. sprout, shoot.spihr [spy(y)hl I (M <spyr), N sipihr] sphere, sky, firmament, fate.",ig [-yk'] heavenly.spinjana~ih [spnc)nkyh] hospitality.spis [spyf I (N fipif)] louse.Spitaman [spyt'm)n] of the Spitama family.spiz· [spyc- I M <spyxtn, <spyz.] I. shine; 2. sprout.",isn: I. brilliance; 2. sprouting.

spoxtan, spoz· [spwhtn', spwc- I M <spwxt, N sip",] thrust; overstep,disobey; delay, reject.

",isn: delay, rejection; disobedience.spoz [spwc I N sipoz] disobedience; delay.",~ar [-k)ll N "'] disobedient; dilatory.sprahm(a~) [splhm(k') I M <sprhm(g), N siparham] flower, fragrant herb.spul [spwl] spleen.spurdan, spar· [spwltn', spl- I N sip-] tread, trample.spurri~ [spwlyk' I (M <spwr), N sipari] entire, complete, perfect.-ih: completeness, perfection.

spurz [·splz I P ·<spwrz, N sipurz] spleen.srat [sit' I ef. Ar. siratJ street.sraw [slwb'] word, spell.srawenidan, srawen· [slwbyn-ytn'] report, broadcast.sraxtag [slhtk' = Av. sraxti-] side, part.sray [sl'd I N saray] house, hall.lsray-, -iAn, v. sriidan.srayidan, 2sray· [sl'd-ytn' = Av. 6raya.] protect."""iAn: protection.

sreAk [sl(y)fk'

I (P srsk), N sirifk] drop, tear.sristan, ·srM· [slftn' I P sryf-, N sir-] mix, knead.sriswadag [slyftvtk l = Av. 6rifwa-] a third.srod [slwt' I 1\11 srwd, N sllrod] song.

77 stQdan

Sros [slw! I M srws, N sural] the god Obedience; cal. 17th day.""ig [-.vh'] obedient.

srQ [slwb' , N surii(n)] horn, nail, prong.srub [sl(w)p , N usrub] lead.""en [-yn'] leaden.

srQdan, srAy- [slwtn', sPd- I M sr'y-, N sur--] sing, recite, play (an in­strument).

""IAn(ih): singing, recitation.srQwar [slwbwl] homed.srQwen [slwbyn'] horny.stabr [stpl' M <stbr, Nsitabr] big, coarse, strong.""ih: coarseness; strength, force.

stabrag [stplh' , Ar. istabraq] shot silk.stadan, stAn- [YNSBWN-tn

'< A ynsbwn, ..; nsb , M <std, <st'n-, N

sit""] take. -staft [stpt' I M <stpt] hard, firm; harsh, tyrannous; very.stahm [st/zm I N sitam] power, oppression.""ag [_hi] strong, oppressive.",,(ag)ih: oppression.

stambag [sthmbhl (-/z- < stahm) I M <stmbg, N sitamba] oppressive;obstinate.

""ih: oppression; obstinacy.stin-, v. stadan.star [stl] = stirag.stirag [st'lh

', M <st)rg, N sitara] star.

stard [stilt'] stunned, stupefied, confounded.""ih: stupidity, stupefaction.

star-Oimir, -oimur [stl'wlm)l, -'w!mwl] astrologer.starwan [stlwn' I N sit""] barren, childless.stiiyIdan [st'dytn' I M <st'yd, N sit-] = stQdan.stey [styh l , N. sitly] erect.stendag [styndh

'] standing, erect.

ster [styl I N siter] stater.stezag [stych

', M <styz-, N siteza] quarrel, strife.

sti [sty(y) = Av. sti-] being, existence.sto [stwbl , (P <stwb, N suto/z)] distressed, defeated.""wih: distress.

star [stwll P <stwr, N sutor] horse, mount; large cattle.""bin [-p'n l I N -ban] (head) groom.""gAh [-g's] stable.

·stoi [stwl] the fourth morning after death.stowenidan, stowen- [stwbyn-ytn'] defeat, overcome.stowih, v. stO.stQdan, stiy- [stwtn l , st)d- I M Cstwd, Cst'y_, N sit""] praise.""lin: praise.""IAnig: praiseworthy.

stiin(ag)

stOn(ag) [stwn(k) , I M (stwn, N sutUn] colwnn, pillar, mast.stOr [stwl] trustee, curator, guardian.-ih: trusteeship.

sturg, [stwlg I N suturg] fierce, contentious; gross, coarse.sud [swtl I M swd, N ~] use, profit, advantage.sudab [st)j.i I N -] rue.sOd-abg,ar [swt)j.ik)l] profitable.sudag, [swtk

'] negligent, indolent.

~ih: negligence, indolence.sudan, say- [swtnl, s)d- I N -] rub.sOd(o)mand [swWw)mnd IN sudmand] useful.suft [swpt l I N -] shoulder.suftan, sumb- [swptn', swmb- I N -] pierce, bore.sumb [swmb

'I N~] hoof.

lsur [swll M swr, N -] meal, feast, banquet.Isur [swl] strong.surAg, [swW)k'] hole, burrow.-ig, [-yk'] burrowing (animal).-omand [-)wmnd] holed.

surax [swPh I N -] hole.sust [swst l I = M, N -] slack, lazy.-ih: slackness, laziness.

IsuA [swll (N lui)] lung.• suA [swI] degree (of arc).suxr [swhl I N surx] red.suy [swd I M swy-] hunger.• swahistan, swah- [swh-stn

'I P swh-] sigh.

sya [syd) I (P sy)w, N siyah)] black.-hag, [-hk

'I N -a] pupil (of eye).

lab-

v

SAab [LYLYA < A lyl(y»; lp I M lb, N -] niglii. ~~\\J)' ~ Sfh-ag, [lpk' I N -a] 1. jet, obsidian; 2 •••• -nights-long.~estan [lpst)n1 I N -] gynaeceum, private apartments.

Aabig, [lpyk'

I N labi] (Mazdean's ritual) under-shirt.Aabixon [lpyhwn

'I N -xun] night raid.

Aad [l)t' I M Pd, N~] happy, joyful.-ih: happiness, joy.

Aidurwan [Pt)wlw)n' I N -] dais, platform; basin, pond, fountain.AafAer [lplyll M {fIYT] = AamAer.Aag,r [Igli M Igr, N Ier] lion; astr. Leo.P Aah- [lh- I = P] be able, can.

lAb 79 liftenall

lAb [MLKA < A mlk); Ih 1M I)h, N -] king.-an lAb [MLKAn MLKA IN ......] king of kings.......-baIOt [Ihb/wt l IN ......] chestnut.......-danag [-d)nk' I N -dana] hemp-seed.......-espralun [-splhm I N -isparam] basil royal.

IAhigAn [Ihyk)n' I M flhyg)n] palace.lahr [Itrl I M Ihr, N -] land, country; city.

......estan [MDYNA < A mdyn); Itrlst)n' I M Ihrst)n, N ......] province;capital, city.

Sahrewar [Itrywr I N -] Best Rule, the third Amahraspand, guardian ofmetals; cal. 6th month; 4th day.

lahryar [Itr'd)ll M Ihry)r, N ......] lord, sovereign, ruler.-ih: dominion, reign, sovereignty.

IAhwar [Ihw)ll P flhw)r, N --] royal, kingly.Aakar [Ikll M Iqr, N --] sugar.lalwAr [I/w)ll N ......] trousers.AAm [I)m I = P, N --] evening meal, supper.lambalidag [lmblytk l 1 N Iambalid, -lila] fenugreek.lamAer [Imlyll N -] sword.Ian [In' I N --] hemp.Ibag [flnk' I N -a] I. comb; 2. pitchfork; 3. shoulder-blade.lanen [Inyn'] hempen.larm [11m I M Irm, N --] shame.---gAh [-g)s 1 N -] pudenda.......g~n [-k(y)n

'I N --gin] ashamed.

lasab [Isp I (P Ihrb)] satrap.......igAn [-yk)n'] satrapaI.

last [601 MIst, N ......] sixty.lal [STA < A It I M 11, N --] six.law-, v. Audan.-Aawag [Iwb)k l ] bat, flittermouse.IAyendag [fldyndk'] able, worthy.

......Ih: ability, worthiness.layistan, Aay- [/)d-stn' I M I)y-, N -] be able; be worthy.IAyed [f)(d)yt' I N Iayad] one can, it is possible.

IAzdah [s)cdh I M f)zdh, N Ianzdah] sixteen.leb [Iyp IN ......] declivity.leb- [Iyp- I M Iyb, N --] move quickly; be confused.

......Ag [-)k' I N ......a] swift, nimble; viper.-lin: confusion.

led [fyt' I N --] bright; sorrel (horse).-Aeda [fyt)y] bliss.Ier, v. lagr.lewan [Iywn l IN -] lament.AiftalOg [fptt/wk' I (P Iyft 'milk'), N laftalit] peach.liftenag [Ip!ynkl I (P Iyftyn 'sweet')] a sweetmeat.

slmsAr 80

slmsar [lml)ll N -] box tree.sir [HL!l.A < A !zfh>; fyll M lyyr, N -] milk.siren [lylyn

'I M lyryn, N .....in] sweet.

-lh: sweetness.sisag [fylk' I N stla] bottle, flask.skaft [lkpt '] = skeft.skAftan, skaf- [Ik)p-tn

'I M (fk)pt, N fikaftan] split, burst.

skarag [Iklk l I P (lkr-] (bird) of prey.skarwidan, skarw- [Iklw-ytn' I M (Ikrw-st, N likarfidan] stumble,

stagger.skastan, sken(n)- [TBLWN-tn' < A ...; tbr; fkstn', fkyn- I M (fkn-,

N fikastan, fikan-] break.-isn: breaking.

skebag [Ikyp)k'

I P (lkyb-, N fikebti] patient.-ih: patience.

skeft [fkypt'

I P (lkyft, N ligift] hard; extraordinary, astonishing; very.......ih: hardness; hardship, distress; astonishment.

sken(n)-, .....isn, v. skastan.skih- [Ikyh- I N fikih-] be broken.skof-, v. skuftan.skofag [Ikwpk' I N lukofa] flower, blossom.skoft [Ikwpt '] = skeft.lskoh [Ikwh I M (lkwh] poor.

......ih: poverty.llskoh [fkwh I N fukOh] dignity, majesty; fear.skuftan, skot- [Ikwp-tn' I N lukuftan] flower, blossom.snAs-, v. snaxtan.snasag [In'sk l I P (In'sg] knowing, knower; sense.

......ih : knowledge.snaxtan, snas- [In)htn l , In)s- I M (fn)xtn, (In s-, N fin......] know, recog­

nize.snayenidan, snayen- [In)dyn-ytn'] please, propitiate•

......isn: happiness.snAyidan, snAy- [fn'd-ytn

'] praise, propitiate.

......isn: praise, gratitude.snaz [In'c I (N fina(w»] swimming.snazidan, snaz- [fn)c-ytn l I M (fn'z-, (N linaw-)] swim.snohr [Inwhll M (fnwhr] gratitude, contentment.snomag [lnwmk l I M (lnwm-] satisfaction, contentment.snosag [lnwfk

'I N lunola] sneeze.

snug [fnwk' I M (Inwg] knee.snuman [lnwmn

'= Av. xfnumaine] propitiation.

son [Iwn l ] kind, manner.......ig [-yk

'] customary, ordinary.

soy-, v. sustan.soy [fwd IN ......] husband.

iOymand 81 tanapuhJ

--mand [-mtld] married (woman).subAn [Ip)n' I P Ir.vb)n, N --] shepherd.sudan, saw- [OZLWN-tn l < A .v )zl; lwb- I M lwdn, lw-, N -] go.susar [Iwsl = Av. xIu3ra-] liquid, fluid; semen.Austan, loy- [HLLWN-tn' < A.v bill M Iwst, lwy-, N -] wash.suy [fwd] hunger.

TtA rOD < A cd I (M d», N .....] until; so that.tab [tp IN .....] fever.tab-, .....isn, v. taftan.tAb-, --iln, v. tMtan.tAbag [t)pk l I N taba] frying-pan.tabAh [tp)h I N -] ruined, spoilt, destroyed•

.....ih: ruin, destruction.tabAhihistan, tabahih- [tp)hyh-stn l I J tb)hh-] be ruined.tabangog [tpngwk' I N tabango] box, chest.tabarzad [tplzt

'IN .....] manna.

tabestAn [epst)n' IN -] summer.tAbidan [t)pytn l IN .....] = tAftan.tadan, tan- [ttn', tn- I N tan-] spin (thread).tadar(w) [ttl I (N ta8arw)] pheasant.taftan, tab- [tp-tn l ] grow hot; shine.-iin: heat, fever.

tAftan, tAb- [t)p-tn l I P t)b-, N .....] heat, burn; shine......iAn: burning.

taftlg [tptyk' I (P tft)] burning, ardent, fervent.tag [tk l IN .....] running, attack.- kardan abar, 0: attack.

ltag [t)k'I N ta] item, unit; alone, single.

Stag [t)k'

I N ta] branch.tagarg [tklg I M tgrg, N .....] hail.tagig [tkyk l ] swift, strong.-ih: speed, strength.

tah [th I N -] bottom.takok [tkwk

'IN .....] drinking vessel.

talag [tlkl I N tala] snare, trap......-~in [-cyn l ] fowler.

tambiir [tm-, tnbwll N .....] either, lute.-ag [-k ' ] tambour (?).

tan [tn' I = M, N .....] body, person.tan-, v. tadan.• tanapuhl [tn)pwhl = Av. tanu.pmJ8a- I (N tanafur)] a degree of sin.

e 6684 G

tan-bahr

tan-bahr [tn1b)hl] physique.tand [tnd I = P] faint, languishing.--ih: faintness, langour.

tan-drust [tn'drw(y)st'

1 N --] healthy, whole.--ih: health.

tang [tng 1 = M, N --] narrow, tight.--ih: narrowness; distress.

tanig [tn'yk l 1 N tani] bodily, corporal.tanigard(ig) [tnykrt(yk) I 1 M tnygyrd] corporeal.taniha [tn'yh) I M tnyh), N tanha] alone.tanOmand [tnPwmnd 1 N --] corporeal.--ih: corporeality.

tan-tOhmag [tn'twhmk'] (sap) of plants.

tanuk [tnwk' I N --] thin, shallow.taniir [tnwll M tnwr, N --] oven.tar [LCDr l < A l-~d; tll M tr] over, through, across.

,ow kardan, -- menidan: abuse, despise.-tar [-tll (M -dr), N --] suffix forming comparative adjectives.tar [t)ll M t)r] darkness.tarazenidan, tarazen- [tl)cyn-ytn l ] weigh.taraziig [tPcwk

'I (P tl)zwg), N tarazu] balance, scales; astr. Libra.

targ [tlg I N --] helmet.targuman [tlgm)n l I M trgwm)n] interpreter.tarig/k [t)lyk

'I M t)ryg, N tarik!] dark.

--ih: darkness.tarist [tlst l ] = tar.tar-manih [tlm)nyh] perversity.tar-menisn [tlmynfn

'1 N tarmani;t] perverse; contemptuoua.

,.....,ih: perversity; contempt.tarr [tl, LCDr (in error, v. tar) IN,.....,] moist, fresh.

,.....,ag [tlkl I N ,.....,a] vegetable.tars [tls 1 M trs, N --] fear, respect.tarsag [tls)k l 1 M trs)g, N tarsal Christian.tarsAgah [tls<»k)s] respectful, reverent.--ih: respect, reverence. .

tarsidan, tars- [tls-ytn' I (M tyrs)dn), N -..] fear, be afraid.tarwenidan, tarwen- [tlwyn-ytn l I M trw-] overcome, conquer.tas [es I N -..] die (for gaming). 'tasum [tswm I = M] fourth.tiiSidan, tas- [t)f-ytn'] cut, cleave; create.taskanag [t1knk'] under-shirt.tait [tIt I I N --] bowl.tait [t)1t l ] .certainty.

,.....,ig [-yk'] certain.tawan [t)(d)w)n

'IN,.....,] compensation, obligation.

taxi [t)hlj (M thr), P txl, N talx] bitter.

taxi

taxUh tliz

-ih: bitterness.taxt [t>ht ' IN ] throne......,a~ [_kl I N a] tablet, plank, (chess) board.

taxtan, taz- [t'htt,', tc- 1M txtn, tz-] run, flow.-i~nih: flow.

taxtan, taz- [t'htn' , t'c- I M t'c-, N -] cause to run, flow; chase; pour.taxt-~Ah [t'htg'h IN .......] couch.taz-, -iinih, v. taxtan.tAz-, v. tAxtan.tazA~ [tc'k l ] flowing, running.tlzAna~ [t'c'nk' I N taz(y)lina] whip.tazenidan, tadn- [tcyn-ytn l ] = tAxtan.tazidan, taz- [tc-ytn l ] ~ taxtan.ItAzi~ [t>cyk l I N tlizi] swift, fast.2Tizig [t'cyk' I N tlizi] Arab.temAr [tym'll M tym'r, N -] sorrow, grief, care.Iterag [tylk l I N tera] dark, turbid.2d~rag [tylk l ] (mountain) peak, summit.tex [tyh INter] sharp edge, ridge; ray.Itez [tyc I M tyz, N -] quick.-ih: speed.

lltez [tyc I (P tyj), N -] sharp.-ih: sharpness.

-tidag [tytk l I (N dida)] pupil (of eye).ti~r [HTYA < A bty'; tgll M tygr, N tir] arrow.-tiho~ [tyhwk l I N tihu] small grey partridge.tir, v. ti~r.

Tir [tyll M tyr, N -] a god (confused with Tistar); astr. Mercury; cal.4th month; 13th day.

tis [MNDOM < A mnd(m; ts 1M, J t)'s] thing, affair.--iz [-c I M ..yc] (with a negative) no ... at all.

tiin [tyln'] thirst.ti~nag [tylnk l I M tyIng, N -a] thirsty.-ih: thirst.Ti~tar [tyltll N -] astr. Sirius.to [LK < A l-k I M tw, N tu] thou, thee.-tot [twp I N to] layer.tohmag [twhmk' I M twhmg, N tuxma] seed; stock, family.tom [t(w)m I M tm, N tam] darkness.-toOl [-twm I (M -dwm)] suffix/arming superlative adjectives.tom [twm I (M twhm, N tuxm)] seed, family.t6rag [twlk l I N tora] jackal.to~a~ [twlk l I N tOla] provisions.toxtan, toz- [twhtn' , twc- I M twz-, N -] atone, expiate.-isn: atonement, expiation.

toz [twc I N -] bark, skin.

tru(f)~ 84 urwar

tru(f)s [tlw(p)f I (P tryfS), N turf] sour.truftag [tlwptk '] stolen; intercalary (days).tuhig [twhyk

'I M twhyg, N tuhi] empty, vain.

.......ih: emptiness, void.tumbag [twmbk l I N .......a] drum.tund [twnd IN .......] sharp, violent.-ih: violence, vehemence.

Tiir [twl I N -] one of a people inimical to Erlin, Turanian.-An [-'n l I N -] (land of) the Turanians.

Turk [twlk l I N -] Turk.tust [twft

'] silent.

tuwAn [twb'n'

1M tw)n, N -] might, power.- (+injinitive): it is possible to, one can.-ag [-'k l I N -il] mighty, able........gar [-131 I N -] rich.-garih: richness, wealth........ig [-yk

'] able.

.......igih: ability, power.

.......-saman [-s)m)n l ] the extent of one's ability.tuxsag [twhflk' I M twxI)g, N tuxfa] diligent.

.......ih: diligence, endeavour.tuxsidan, tuxs- [twhf-ytn l I (M twxS<yst), N -] strive, endeavour.

.......i~n: endeavour, striving.

uu- [AE- < A )p I M )w-] = ud (whenjollowed by a suffixed pronoun, e.g.

u-si.ud [W < A w I M )wd, N u] and.udrag [lwdlk l = Av. udra-] otter.ul [LALA < A 1-(/) I M )wl] up(wards).- amadan: rise.-ih: upward direction.

ul-amadan [LALA YA TWNt)n l , )wllmt)n l ] astr. ascendant.*ul-drafs, v. xurdrus.ummed [lwmyt l I N -] hope.-war [-w)liN -] hopeful.Urdwahi~t pwrtwhft l ] = Ardwahl~t.

Urislim [lwlyflym I N -] Jerusalem.urmod [lwlmwt l I (N amr6d)] pear.*uruspar [)wlwspl = Av. uruOfJar-] intestines, womb; core, essence.urwahm(an) [)wlw)hm(n l ) I M 'wrw)hm-] joyful.-ih: joy, pleasure, delight.

urwar [)wlwll M )fvrwr] plant(s), vegetable.

urwAzistan 8S wAdbAn

·urwAzistan, urwaz- ewlw'c- = Av. urwaza-] rejoice.......iin: rejoicing, happiness.

uskardan, uskar- ['wsk'l-tn' I J ......, (N sigal-)] think, consider, discuss.......iin(ih): consideration, reflection.

uspurrig [lwspwlyk l ] = spurrig.us(t)Mrlt ['ws(t)wplyt ' = Av. uSilfriti-] offering.usahin ['wlhyn ' = Av. ufahina-] the night gah.uinug [lwlnwk'] = snug.uitan ['wlt'n l = Av. uftana-] soul, ghost.

......ih : vitality.

......6mand [-'wmnd] living, animate.ustar [GMRA < A gmZ>; 'wltll N uftur] camel.

......-gaw-palang [lwltlg'pplng I N -] giraffe.uzdehig, ['wc-, 'wzdhyk' I M 'wzdh] exiled; foreign.-ih: exile.

uzdes ['we-, 'wzdys I M 'wzdys] idol.--parist [-plst l I M -pryst] idolater.......-paristisnih: idolatry.......ziir [-e'll M -c'r] idol-temple.

uzenag, ['weynk' I N hazina] expense, cost; exit.uzerin ['wzC)ylyn' = Av. uzayeirina-] the evening gah.uzidan [lweytnl 1M 'wzyd, 'wzyh-] go out.uzmudan, uzmiiy- [lwzmwtn', 'wzm'd-] prove, test, try.

......iin: testing.uzumburd [lwzmbwlt l 1 N zumurrud] emerald. ")1

uzwan [SNA < A lIn'; 'wzw'n l I M <zw'n, (N zaban)] tongue, language ~1~~ ~uzwiirdan, uzwiir- [lwzw'l-tn l I M <zw'rdn] know, understand.

......iin: understanding; 'huzwarish'.

wwiibar [w'pll M w'br, (N bawar)] truth; belief.wAbarigiin [w'plyk'nl I M w'bryg'n] true, trustworthy.--ih: trustworthiness.

wabz [wpc, wpz] wasp.wacast [west I = Av. walas-tafti-] strophe (of the Gathas).waccag [wek l , (bek ' ) I N balia] child, baby, cub.wad [SL Y A < A sry'; wtl I M wd, N bad] bad, evil.-ih: badness, evil.

wAd [w't l I M w'd, N bad] wind, breath, spirit; cal. 22nd day.wadag [wtk'] evil, vile, wicked.

......ih: evil, vileness.wadAm [w't'm IN badam] almond.wAdban [w'tp'n l I N biidban] sail.

wad-baxt 86 wanidan

wad-baxt [wtb)ht' I N badbaxt] unfortunate.wad-dil [wtdyl I M wddyl, N bOOdil] coward(ly).wadgarih [wtglyh] evil-doing.wad-girdag [w'tgltk ' I (N gird-bad)] whirlwind.wad-gohr [~{)tgwhll N bad-gauhar] iII-, low-born.wad-kamag [wtk'mk l ] malevolent.-ih: malevolence.

wadrang [w'tlng I N biidrang] citron.......-boy [-bwd I N -boya] lemon balm.

wadl-tohm [wttwhm] = wad-gohr.--wllzag [-w)ck l I (N gawaza)] abuse.......-xem [-hym] ill-natured.

waf- [wp- I P wf-, (N baf-)] weave.-iAn: weaving.

wafr [wpll M wpr, N barf] snow.-enag [-ynk'] a sweetmeat.

waydan [wyt'n l = Av. waySana-] head (ahuric).wahig [wh)k' I M wh'g, N bahii] trading; value.

...... burdan: value, estimate.wahar [wh)l, (bh)l) I M wh'r, N bahiir] spring.-ig [-yk l I N -i] spring, vernal.

wahig [ZZLA < A ·zmr) (?); whyk' I M whyg, N ·bahi] kid; astr.Capricorn.

wahiAt [whit' I M whylt, N bihilt] paradise.-ig [-yk' I N -i] (worthy) of paradise.

Wahman [whwmn' I M whmn, N bahman] Good Mind, the first Amahra­spand, guardian of cattle; cal. 11th month; 2nd day.

wAhman [·w-n l = w'hm'n l I M )w'hm'n, J whm)n, N bahman] so-and-so.Wahram [wllll'n l , w'hl'm I M whr)m, N bahram] god of war, victory; astr.

Mars; cal. 20th day.ataxA i -: a major sacred fire.

wak [wk' I N bak] frog.walan [~v)ln' I (N barzan)] settlement, communitywalg [wig] = wargowalidan, wal- [w'l-ytn l I N balidan] grow, increase, prosper.-iin: growth.

wamidan, wam- [w'm-ytn l ] vomit.wan [wn l I N bun] tree; stock, stem.- i gurganig: pistachio tree.- i was-tohmag: the Tree of Many Seeds.

wan-, -isn, v. winidan.wanafAag [wnplk

'I N bunafla] violet.

Wanand [wnnd] ast,.. Vega.wandag [wndk

'] rope, cord.

wang [KALA < A ql'; w)ng I = M, N bang] voice, cry.wanidan, wan- [w'n-ytn l 1M w'n-yst] conquer, overcome, destroy.

wlnidan warz

......lin: conquest, destruction.wanigarih [AWBDN-, wny~klyh] waste.wany [A(W)BDNI < A )bdn I M wny] lost, destroyed.wany(b)tldih [AWBDN'bwtyh, - YHWWNtyh I M wny(b)wdyh]

destruction, ruination.lwar [wll M wr, N bar] breast.lIwar [wl] lake.·war [wl] oath, ordeal.Iwar [wl] shelter, enclosure.war-, v. waridan.waray [wl'g I J br),,] crow.waran [wln l ] desire, lust.warAn [wi'n l ] ram.wAran [w)l)n l I M w)r)n, N baran] rain.waranig [wlnyk l ] greedy.

......ih: greed, lust.wArAnig [w)Pnyk

'I N barani] rain(y).

warAz [wPc I N guraz] boar.war-~aim [wlclm] with eye(s) in the breast.ward-, v. lwaitan.lwardag [wltk

'I M wrdg, N barda] captive, prisoner•

......ih: captivity.lIwardag [wlth

'] on heat (female animal).

......ih: heat.·wardAnAg [wlt)n)k l I N gardana] (roasting) spit.wardenidan, warden- [wltyn-ytn l I (N gardanidan)] cause to turn;

change, alter.wardlin [wlt!n' I M wrdy!n, N gardif] turning, change, metamorphosis•

......ig [-yk l ] transient, changeable.

......(ig)ih: transience, mutability.wardyun [wltywn l I P wrdywn, N gardun] vehicle, carriage, chariot.warg [wlg IN barg] leaf.wAridan, war- [w)l-ytn l I M w)r-yst, N baridan] rain.warlin [wlIn'] conduct, behaviour.lwarm [wlm I N barm] memory.

...... kardan: learn by heart, memorize.lIwarm [wlm I N barm] pool, reservoir.wiirom [w)lwm] mind.war6mand [wi'wmnd] doubtful.

......ih: doubt.warr [LBWS Y A < A lbwe] wool; garment.warrag [KNNA < ?; wlk l I M wrg, N barra] lamb, ram; astr. Aries.wars [wls] hair.lwarz [wlc I M wrz, N harz] work, agriculture.lIwarz [wlc I M wrc/z] miracle, miraculous power.3warz [wlz I N gurz] club, mace.

warz- 88 waxsig

warz-, -iin, v. warzidan.warzag [wlc)k

'I (N warziiw)] ploughing (ox).

warzawand [wle)wnd I 1'1 wre)wynd] having miraculous power, powerful.warz-biim [wlcbwm] cultivated land.warzidan, warz- [wle-ytn

'I N -] work, act, practise; till; beget.

-iin: work, tillage.warzigar [wlcykll 1\1 wrzygr, N barzigar] worker, peasant.was [KBD < A kbyr; ws I = 1'1, N bas] much, many, enough.P wasnad [wsn)d I = P] for, on account of.waspuhr [w)spwhl] principal.waspuhragan [w)spwhlk)n

'] I. special, particular; 2. courtier.

-ih: speciality.wassad [wst' I N bussad] coral.-en [_ynl I N -in] coralline.

wastar [wstl = Av. wastra-] clothing, garment.wastar [wst'll N bistiir] wilful, obstinate; over-confident.-ih: obstinacy; over-confidence.

wastar [w)stl] pasture, fodder.wastarag [wstlg] = wastar.wastaryoi [w)stlywf = Av. wiistryo./fuyant-] husbandman.-ih: husbandry.was-t~hmag [wstwhmk l ] having many seeds.was-xwastag [KBDhw)stk

'] wealthy, rich.

wasyar [wsy(k»ll N bisyiir] much, many.P was [w)f I = P] straw, fodder.·wasag [wfk

'I N ufa?] a kind of beer.

wastag [wftk l ] sick, ill.-ih: sickness, illness.

lwastan, ward- [wftn', wlt- I M wstn, wrd-, N gaftan, gard-] turn,

return, wander; change.-iin, v. wardiin.

2wastan [wstn l ] = waridan.wastih [wftyh] = wastagih.wattar [SLYtl, v. wad I 1'1 wtr, N bat(t)ar] worse, bad, evil.

.....ih: evil, wickedness.wattom [wttwm] worst.waxr [w)hll (P wxr-)] crooked, distorted.lwaxs [wM I (1'1 w)xf)] spirit.2waxs [wM] profit, interest.waxs, -isn, v. ), lIwaxsidan.waxsendag [whfndk l I P wxsyndg] blazing, burning.waxsgar [whf~l] usurer.lwaxsidan, waxs- [whf-,)::n

'! P wxs-] burn, blaze, kindle.

2waxsidan, waxs- [wM-ytn'] grow, wax.

-isn: growth.waxsig [wMyk

'] spiritual.

waxiwar

wax~war [whfwll N waxsur] prophet.......ih: prophethood.

P waxtan, waz- [w)htn', w)e- I P w)xtn, w)e-] say, speak.lway [w)d = Av. way-] bird.Zway [w)d = Av. wayu- I P wyw] air, atmosphere•

...... i wattar: a demon.

...... i weh: a divinity.way [w)d I M w)y, N ......] woe.lway- [w)d- I M w)y-] fly.

......endag [-(y)ndk l I J w/Wynd)] bird.wayidan, 2way- [w)d-ytn

'] blow (of wind).

wayOdagan [wydwtk)n'

I M ·wywdg)n, N ba)'ogan(i)] nuptials, marriagefeast.

waz-, ......isn(-ig), v. wazidan.waz [w)e I = M, (N haJ)] word, speech; 'grace' (before meals).

...... griftan: say 'grace'.1, 2wAz-, -i~n, v. 1, 2wazidan.P waz-, v. waxtan.wAzag [w)ek l ] utterance, saying.wazay [wzyl N -, bazay] frog.wAzAr [w)e)ll M w)e)r-, N bazar] market.wazaragan [w)c)lk)n l I M w)e)rg)n, N haztirgan] merchant.

......ih: trade.wazidan, waz- [we-ytn l P wz-, N -] move, blow (of wind).

......isn: movement.-isnig: mobile.

lwazidan, waz- [f(lc-ytn l ] move, carry away; fly.-iAn: flight.

2wazidan, waz- [w)e-ytn l I N hazidan] play.wazig [w)eyk

'I N hazi] game, play.

wazr [wzl] = ~warz.

wed [wyt l I N bed] willow.weh [SPYL < A spyr; wyh I M why, wyh, N bih] better, good.

......ih: goodness.--den [-dyn' I N bih-din] of the good (Mazdean) religion.

wehm [-wyyhm I M wyhm] large, wide, broad.......ih: width, breadth.

wem [wym I = P] rock.wemar [wym)ll M w)'1n)r, N bemar] ill, sick.-ih: illness.

wen [wyn l ] breath.wen-, ......isn(-ig), v. didan.wenAb [w)m)p I N binab] vision.

......dig [-d)k l , -t)k'] visible.

wenag [wyn~kJ I M wyn)g, N bind] seeing.......ih: seeing, sight.

wihez(all)

wenig [wynyk'

1M wynyg, N bilti] nose.wenog [wynwk' I N bunu] lentil.weA [wyl I = M, N bel] more.wMag [wylk' I N bela] thicket, wood.--esdin [-sen'] woodland.--ill [-yk'] silvan.

wewag [wdpk' IN bewa] widow.lwextan, wez- [NSHWN-tn' < A ..J tzS~; wyhtn', wyc- I P wyxt-, N

bixtan, biz-] sift, select, choose, separate, cleanse, purify, winnow.--iAn: selection.

2wextan, wez- [wyhtn', wyc-] swing, brandish, throw, pour out.WidadafA [wydtpl = Av. wida8afSu-] the south-western continent of the

earth.widang [wtng I P wdng] trouble, distress, constraint.widar [wt'll N gudar] passage, entrance.widarag [wtlg I M wdr, N gu8ar] path, passage.widardan, wider- [wtltn', wt(y)l-I M wd(y)r-, N guSar-] pass (by, away),

cross, die.--iAn(ih): passage, crossing, death.--iAnig: transient.

widardan, widar- [wt'l-tn' I M wyd'r-, N guMrdan] let pass, transport;endure, suffer.

widaridan [wt'lytn'] = widardan.widaAtan [wtltn' IN guSaltan] = widardan.widaxtan, widaz- [wt'htn', wt'c- I (P wd'c-), N gudiixtan, gudiiz-] melt,

dissolve.widazihistan, widazih- [wt'cyh-stn'] be melted, dissolved.wider-, --iAn(-ig, -ih), v. widardan.wideran [wt(y)z>n' I N gu8aran] transient, dying.widest [wt(y)st l I N bidast] (hand) span (9 in.).--ig [-yk'] span-sized, midget.

widimas [wtym's I (M wyd'm's)] wonder, miracle.--ig [-yk'] wonderful.--ih: miracle.

widimuAt [wtymwft I M wd(y)mwlt] astonished.--ih: astonishment.

• widwar [wytwl] contented, resigned, consoled.--ih: contentment, resignation, consolation.

wlftag [wyptk'] passive sodomite.wigrad [wgl't' I N biddr] awake, alert.wigradan, wigras- [wgl'tn', wgZ>s- I M wygr'd, wygr's-] awaken, rouse.--iAn(ih) : awakening.

wih-, v. wistan.wihan(ag) [wh)n(k)', (b-) I M wh'ng, N bahana] cause, reason.wihez- [wyhyc- I M whyz-] move, progress.wihez(ag) [wyhyc(k

')] movement, progression.

wlhezagig 91 wistar(ag)

......agig [-yk'] movable; intercalary (year).wihir- [whyl- I (M whwr-)] change.

......iAn: change.wlmand [wymnd I = M] boundary, frontier, limit.

......ig .......Omand [-yk', -)wmnd] bounded, limited.·wlmehg~n [wmyhkn l I M wymyh-] ·shapely.wlmustan [wymwltn' I M wymrz- « P)] spoil, destroy.win [wn'] vina, lute.winAh [wn)s I M wyn)h, N guntih] sin, crime.wlnahgar [wn)sk)ll M wn)hg)r, (N guntihktir)] sinner.

......ih: sinfulness.winAhidan. winAh- [wn)s-ytn

'I M wyn)h-] spoil, damage, destroy.

......iin: damage, destruction.wlnastag [wnstk'] spoilt, corrupt.windadan, wind- [HSKHWN-tn' < A hlklJ, ..; IklJ; wnd)tn' I M

wynd)d, wynd-] find, obtain, acquire.-iAn: acquisition, earnings.......iinig: findable.

winJlik [wnclk' I N gun]ilk, bin]ilk] sparrow.win(n)ardan. win(n)ar- [wyn)l-tn' I M wyn)r-dn] order, fix, arrange•

......IAn: arrangement.win(n)irdan [wynltn' 1 M wynyrdn] be arranged, established; stay.lwir [wyl I M wyyr] man, hero.lIwir [wyll M wyr-, N bir] memory, mind.3wir [wyll N bir] thunderbolt.wirastan, wiray-, (P wiraz-) [wyPstn', wyl)d-, (wPe-) I M wyr)st,

wyr)y-, (P 'wyr)lt, wyr)z-)] arrange, prepare, cultivate, restore.......iAn(ih): arrangement, preparation.

wireg [wlyk' I N gurey] flight, escape.wirextan. wirez- [OLYKWN-tn

'< A ";(rq; wlyhtn', wlyc-I P wryxt,

N gurextan, gurez-] flee, escape.wiromandih [wyPwmndyh I M wyrwmndyy] memory.wirOzag [·wlwek' I (P wrwc)] lightning.wis [wys I = M] village.wisandan. wisan- [ws)n-dn'] separate.

......iAn(ih): separation.wisay- [ws)d- I M wys)y-] rest.wisbed [wyspt l I M wysbyd] village headman.wise [wsydy I (P wsyd), N guse] despatch.

...... kardan: send, despatch.wisistan, wlsin(n)- [wsstn', wsyn- I N gusistan, (gusil-)] break, split.wisp [wsp I M wysp] all, every.wispurdan, ·wispar- [wspwltn

'] tread, trample.

wist [20; wyst' I = M, N bist] twenty.wistan, ·wih- [SDYTWN-tn' < A"; ldh; wstn'] shoot, throw.wistar(ag) [wstl(g) I N bistar] bedding, cover.

wistardan 92 wizardan

wistardan, wistar- [wstl~tnl I N gustardan] spread.wistax [wst'hw

'I M wyst'h, N gustiix, bistQx] confident, bold.

-ih: confidence, boldness.wis [w(y)f I M wyf, N gus1 poison, venom, bile.wisad [SLYTWNt

', wf't' I M wf'd, N gufiid] open, wide, loose.

wisadan, ·wisay- [SLYTWN-tn' < A ,y Irh; wf'tn' I M wyf'dn,(wyf'h~), N gufiidan, guftiy-] open, loose, free.

wisad-dar [SL YTWNt l BBA] hospitable.wisad-dwarisnih [wf't' dwb'lfnyh] going about ropen', i.e. without

kustig, or fabig.wisan- [wf'n- I = P] shake down.·wisay-, v. wisadan.wiskar [wfkl I N bifgar(d)] hunting-ground, wilderness.wiskidan, wiskin(n)- [wfkytn

', wfkn-] divide, separate.

-isn: separation.wiskOfa~ [w/kwpk' I N bi/koja] blossom.wiskuftan, wiskOf- [wfkwp-tn l I J gwfkwjtn, gwfkw{1-] blossom; hatch.wisOb-, -isn(-i~),v. wisuftan.wisomand [f.vf'wmnd] poisonous, venomous.wisiida~ [wfwtk l I (M ghwdg)] abortion, daevic creature.wisiidan [wfwtn'] bear daevic offspring.wisuftan, wisob- [wfwp-tn' I M wfwb-, N *gufujtan] disturb, destroy.-isn: destruction...•..-iSni~: destructible.

·wixsay- [whfd-] forgive, forbear.-isn(ih): forbearance.-isni~: forbearing.

lwiyaban [w(y)d'p'n' I P wy'b'n, N bitibiin] desert.2wiyaban [wyd'j)'n'] astray, wandering; deluded.-ih: delusion, deception.

wiyabanenidan, wiyabanen- [wyd'p'nyn-ytn l ] lead astray, deceive.wiyabanl~arih [wyd'p'nklyh] deception.-i~ [_yk l ] wandering, itinerant.

wiyaftan, ·wiyab- [wd'ptn' I M wy'b-] open (the mouth).wiyan [wyd'n' I M wy'n, N giyan] tent.wiyoz- [wydwe-] loosen, undo.*wiyufs- [wdwps-] make merry.-isn: merry-making.-isni~: merry.wizanda~ [wzndk l ] quaking.wizandidan, wizand- [wznd-ytn'] tremble, quake.-isn: quaking.

wizar [we'll M we'r] separation; explanation.wizardan, wizar- [we'l-tn l I M wye,rd, wye'r-, J bz'rd-, N guziirdan]

separate; explain, interpret; perform, fulfil, redeem.-isn: decision; redemption.

wizard -wars 93 xan

wizard-wars [wc'lt' wls] with parted hair.wiziistan, wizay- [wyz'stn', wyz'd- I M wyz'y-, N guzay-] injure,

impair, prejudice.--isn: injury.--isnig: injurious.

wizen [wcyn'

I N guzin] choice.wizend [wz(y)nd I M wzynd, N guzand] hurt, harm, injury.wizengar [wcynkl] chooser; selective.wizidan, wizin- [wcytn', wcyn- I M wcyd, N guzidan, guzin-] choose,

select, prefer, discriminate.wizihidan, wizih- [w(y)cyh-ytn

'] be separated.

--isn(ih): separation; dawn(ing).wizin-,v.wizidan.wlzir [wcyl] decision, judgement.wiziristan, wizir- [wcyl-stn l I J bzyr-, N guzir-] be able to dispense

with, avoid.--isnig: avoidable.

wlzistan [wcstn l I M wcyst] teach.wizostan, wizoh/y- [wcwstn l , wcwd- I (J bzwb-, N piziJhidan)] examine,

investigate.--Isn: investigation.

wiziidan [wyzwtn'] = wizistan.wizurd [wcwlt'] valid, genuine, true.--ih: validity, truth.

Woriibarst [w'wklwblft l = Av. wouru.bari1Iti-] the north-western con­tinent of the earth.

WoriiJadt [w'wklwcllt'

= Av. wouru.jari1Iti-] the north-eastern con­tinent of the earth.

wurroyistan, wurroy- [HYMNN-stn' < A hymn, ..; 'mn I M wrw)'st,(wrw-), J ·brwy-, grww-, N brw-, girawidan] believe; choose.

--isn [wlwdln' ] belief.wuzurg [LBA < Arb'; wc(w)lg I M wzrg, N buzurg] big, great.--ih: size, greatness.

wuzurg-fram.iidiir [LBA plm)t)l] prime minister.

xxik [APLA < A Cpr); h)k l I N --] earth, dust.xam. [h)m I N --] crude, raw.xamiz [h'myc I N --] pickled meat.xamos [h)mwI I N --] silent.lxan [h)n' I P x)n, N --] house.-- ud man: house and home, dwelling.

xan 94 xurdruA

2xan [h),,' I P x)n] spring, source.xanag [B YTA < A byt); h)nhl I N xana] = lxan.xandidan, xand. [·GHBHWN-ytn' < A "II gM, or "II'*ql;zqlJ,; hnd-ytn' I

(M xnyst), N .......,] laugh.xanig [h)nyh

'1M x)nyg, N xani] = 2xan.

xar [HMRA < A lJ,mr); hll N.......,] donkey, ass.xar [h)ll M x)r, N .......,] thorn.xar-buz [hlbwc I M xrbwz] oryx.xar.g6A [hlgws IN.......,] rabbit, hare.xaroIYland [h)[>wm1zd] thorny.xar-puAt [h)lpwst

'IN.......,] porcupine, hedgehog.

xastan [hstn' I M xst, N .......,] wound, injure.xa§en [hsyn' I N xaJ'in] (dark) blue.xayag [h)d(y)k

'I N xaya] egg.

........-des [-dys] oval, egg-shaped.xayiig [he)dwk' I N xayii] saliva, spittle.xaz [hz IN.......,] marten.xeIYl [hym] nature, character.x~AIYl eysm, hfm I M xysm, N xism] anger; the demon Wrath.

........en [-yn l I M -yn] angry.xindag [hyndk

'I M xyndg] ill, sick.

........ih: illness, sickness.xir [CBW' < A ~bw; hyll M xyr] thing, matter.xlrs [his IN.......,] bear.xl§t [hstl I (P hystyg), N ........] brick.x6g [hwk

'I N xwk, xoy] nature, character, disposition.

x6n [DMYA < Adm); hwnl I M xwn, N xun] blood.xorIYla [Tg < A tmryn; hwlm)kl IN ........] date.xrad [hit I I M xrd, N xirad] wisdom, reaSOn.

........ig .........oIYland [-yk l, -)wmnd I N -mand] wise.xrafstar [hlpstl = Av. xrafstra-] reptile, noxious creature.xridan. xrin- [ZJ1NN-tn

'< A "II zbn I M xryd, xryn-, N xaridan,

(xar-)] buy.xrohak [hlwhk' IN.......,] coral.xros [DYLKA < A dkr); hlws I P xrws, N Xl/Yos] cock.xri)stan [hlwstn' I M xrwst] call, cry.xiib [hwp I M xwb, N .......,] good.

........ih: goodness.xuftan. xufs- [HLMWN-tn l < A "II (llm; hwptn l , hwps- I M xwpt, N

xuftan, xusp-] sleep.xiig [HZWL YA < A lJ,zyr); hwkl IN ........] pig.xiikar(ag) [hwkl(k

') I N xiikara] hedgehog.

xumb [hwmb' I M xwmb, N --] jug, pitcher.xunak [hwnk

'I M xwnk, N xunuk] happy; cool.

xurdru§ [hwldlwf, .dlpf = Av. xrwidrus] 'with a bloody club' (epithetof Xefm, later misinterpreted as ·ul-dra/f '·with raised banner').

xwAb 95 xwaridan

xwab [hw'b IN -] sleep.xwAbar [hw'pll M xw'br] beneficent.

......ig [-yk'] beneficial.

.......ih: beneficence, benefit.xwad [BNPSE < A b-,tlpi-h; hwt' I M xwd, N .......] self; indeed.

.......ih: selfhood, essence.xwaday [hwt>y I M xwd'y, N .......] lord.

.......ih: lordship, sovereignty.

.......war [-w'l] lordly.xwad-dOsag [hwtdwlk l ] self-indulgent.

.......ih: self-indulgence.xwah [AIITE < A )~th I N -] sister.1, lIxwah., .......isn, v. xwastan, xwastan.xwahar [AHTEl, v. xwah; hw'hll (M xw'r), N xw4har] sister.xwahl [hw'hll (M xwhr), N .......] bent, crooked.xwA(h)rih [hw'(h)lyh I M xw'ryy] happiness, bliss.xwiUist [hw'lyst ' I (M xw'ryst)] sweetest.xwamn [hzumn', bmn' I M xwmn] sleep, dream.

.......-wizar [-wc)l] interpreter of dreams, oneirocritic.xwan [hw'n' 1M xw'n, N .......] tray, table.xwandan, xwan- [KR YTWN·, KL YTWN-tn l < A ...; qr) I M xwnd,

xw)n-,:N xwandan] call, summon.Xwanirah [hwnyls = Av. xVanira8a-] the central, inhabited continent

of the earth.txwar [hwll M xwr, N .......] sun; cal. 11th day.lIxwar [hwl = Av. XVam-] a degree of sin.xwar-, .......isn, v. xwardan.lxwiir [hw)ll M xw'r, N .......] light, easy; mean, abject.

......ih: ease; v. also xwahrih.Zxwar [hw'l I M xw'r] food.xwiir-, -iin, y. xwaridan.xwaran [hwln

'1M xwrn] banquet.

xwarasan [hwPs'n' I M xwr)s)n, N .......] sunrise, east.xwar-bir [hw)lb)ll M xw)r w b)r, N .......] food and drink.xwardan, xwar- [OSTEN-tn l < A )Ith,"; Ilh; hwltn l 1M xwrd7l, xwr-,

N .......] eat, consume.......isn: food.-Isnig: edible........iSnih: eating, consumption.

xwardar [hwlt)l] (legally) edible, not murdar.xwardig [hwltyk l I M xwrdyg, N .......i] food.xwaren [hw)[yn

'] edible.

xwiren- [hw'[y1I-] cause to eat, drink; feed; irrigate.xwarg [hwlg I J xwwrg] ember.xwaridan, xwar- [hzv)l-ytn l ] drink.

......Iin: drink, drinking.

xwarofriln yat

xwarofran [hw/C)'lvpl'n' I M xwrwpr't,] sunset, west.xwarrah [GDE < A gdh I (M prh, N farr)] fortune, glory, splendour.

.......omand [-'wmnd] fortunate, glorious.xwarSed, v. xwarxsed.xwartar [hw)ltl] minor (sins).xwarwaran [h'lvlwl'nl, -bl'n

'] = xwarofriln.

xwar(x)Aed [hzv[(h)syt'I M Xfvrxsyd, N xursed] sun.

xwastal1 [NKSYA < A nksy'; hw)stk' I M XlV)stg, N .......a] property,wealth.

.......omand [-)wmnd] wealthy.xwastan, lxwah- [(Y)PLHWN-tn l < A"; p[~; hwstn', h'llld- I J xwh-,

N xwast] tread, trample; thresh.......isn: trampling.

xwastan, ixwiih- [BOYHWN-stn l < A ..; bCy; hw)stn l , hw)d- I Mxw'stn, xw)h-, N ""] seek, want, desire; attract, acquire.

......iAn: desire, attraction.xwastiil1 [hwstwk' I N xusiU] confessing, believing.

......ih: confession, belief, faith.xwaA [BS YM < A bsym; hlVS I M xws, N .......] pleasant, sweet, nice.

......ih: pleasantness, pleasure.xwed [hwyt' I M xwyd, N ......] moist, fresh.

......ih: moisture, freshness.xwedodah [hwytw(k)ds, -d't' = Av. xVaetwada8a-] kin-marriage.xwen-ahan [hw(y)n )syn l = Av. xVaena- (ayah-)] shining metal.xwes [NPSE < A nps-h; hwys 1M xwy(b)s, N .......] (one's) own.

.......ih: possession.--awand [hwyS'wnd IN --] relative, kinsman.

xwMenidan, xwMen- [hwysyn-ytn'] appropriate, make one's own.xwM-kar [hwysk)l] dutiful.

......ih: proper function.xwM-tan [NPSE tnl IN --] self.xw~y [hwyd I N xway] sweat, perspiration.xwistan [hwystn'] sweat, perspire.xwurd [hwlt

'I N --] small, little.

xwurda~ [hwltk'

IN ......a] something small, particle; astr. lunar mansion;(horse's) pastern.

--ih: smallness.

yP yad [yt l I P yd] until; so that.yak, v. ek.yakand [y)knd, -ntl I P y)kwnd, N --] ruby.yal [),t IN ......] hero.

yasaman 97 zam

yasaman (y)smn l IN......,] jasmine.yask [ysk l I = M] illness, sickness.yasn [ysn l I = M] adoration, worship.yast (yst l I = M] prayer, worship.yastan, yaz- [Y!2BHWN-tn' < Aydbfzwn, .y dbfz; ,'ftnl , yc- I M yz-]

worship, celebrate, recite.",isn: worship.

yat [y)t l = Av. yata-] a degree of sin.p yawed(an) [y)wyWn)1 I P y)wyden)] always, eternally.yaz-, ......isn, v. yastan.yazd [y;-dt l I M yzd, N ......] god, divinity.yazdah [y)cdh I M y)zdh, N ......] eleven.yazdan (Y;-d)n

'] (pl.) gods, spirits.

y6Jdahr [ywfd)sll M ywjdhr] holy, pure.......ih: holiness, purity.

yoJdahrgar [ywfd)slkl] purifier.......ih: purification, sanctification.

yoz [ywc IN ......] cheetah, hunting leopard.

zzadag [z)tk

'1M z)dg, N zada] born; child.

zadan, zan- [MHYTWN-tn'< A.y mfz); ztn', zn- I M zdn, zn-, N ......]

hit, beat, strike, smite.......i~n: blow, smiting.

zadan, zay- [YL YDWN-tn' < A "1/ yld; z)tn l I M z)d, z)Y-, N -] bear(offspring); ~ born.

......l~n: birth.

......i~nig: born, engendered, animal.zadar [zt)l] smiter; destructive.zadug [ztwk' I (N zoo)] gum.zafar [zpll N "'] mouth, maw (daevic).·zaha [zh)(k l )] depth.zahabag [zh)pk

'I N zahdb] spring, source.

lzahag [zhk', (z)hk

') I M zhg, N zah] child, offspring.

2zAhag [z)hk l ] element (water, fire, air, earth).zahag6mand [zhk)wmnd] pregnant, gravid.zahar [zh)ll N ......] womb.·zahih [zhyh] = zaha.zahr [z)hll M zhr, N ......] poison, venom.zahrag [ze)hlk ' I N "'a] bile, gall.zaUig [ztwk" I N zalU] leech.zam [zm I P zmg] winter.

C 6684 H

zamAn zAylstan

zaman [ODNA < A (dn); ;m)ll l , Z11l1l 1 1M zm)1I, N -] time, hour.-ag [gm)1Zk t] = zaman.

*zamanig [?m)nyk ' ] prescribed.zamenidan, zamen- [z)myn-.:vtn' 1M z)myn-] lead, send.zamestan [?1nst)n l I (M dmyst)n), N ......] winter.zamig [z-, ?myk' I M zmyg, N zami] earth.-ig [·yk' ] terrestrial, earthly.......·paymanih [-ptm)nyh] geometry.

zamyad ["'z)md)t l (misreading of z'my?dt l = zam-J'azd?) I M z'my'd,N -] cai. 28th day.

zan [NySE < A nfh; zn l I = M, N -](pi. -in, -in) woman, wife.zan-, -isn, v. zadan.lzand [znd IN ......] commentary, explanation, Zend.Izand [znd I = M] district, tribe.zandag [zndk ' I N zanda] rampant.zandbed [zndpt ' I M zndbyd] headman of a district, tribe.zandik [zndyk l I N -] heretic, Manichaean.

......ih: heresy.zang [zng] ankle, shank.zangig [zngyk' I N zangi] negro.zanJir [zncyil (P zyncyhr), N -] chain.zinug [z)nwk l I P z)nwg, N zanu] knee.zard [zit' I N -] yellow.

......ih: yellowness.zardag [zitk' I N zarda] (egg) yolk.zardak [zltk l IN ......] safflower.zardl-alO.g [zit'iwk ' I N --u] apricot.

......-~obag [.cwpk'I N ......caba] turmeric.

Zardu(x)st [zitw(h)ft'I (M zrdrwft), N Zardult] Zara6ulhra, Zoroaster.

zargon [zigwn' I P zrgwng, N zaryun] golden, green, fresh.......ih: greenness.

zarig [ziyk ' I M zryg] sorrow, grief.......omand [-'wmnd] sad, sorrowful.

zarmin [zim)n' I M zrm)n-, N ......] old man; old age, decrepitude.......ih: old age.

zarr [ZHBA < A zbb); DHBA < A dJ]h' I M zr-, N ......] gold•.....en [ZHBAyn

', ziyn l 1M zryn, N .....in] golden.

.....(i)gar [ziykil N ......gar] goldsmith.zarwin [ziwp'n

'I P zrw)n] old age.

zastan, zAy- [zstn l , zC)d-] ask, demand.zaxm [ztm, z)hm I (P jxm), N ......] wound.zay [zydji = Av. zaya-] instrument, weapon.zAy-,v. zastan.ziy-, ......isn(-ig), v. zadan.ziiy~(ag) [z)yc(k

') I N zayca] horoscope.

zayistan [z)dstn'] = zastan.

zayt 99 zQr

zayt [zyt l ] olive.ziiz [z)z I = M, (N zaz)] weed, useless plant.·zefiin [zyp)n l I (N zif)] wrong, vile.lzen [zyn l I = M] weapon, armour.Zzen [zyn

'I N zin] saddle.

zen-abzar [zyn)pc)ll N zinafzar] horse-armour.zenawand [zyn)wnd] alert, vigilant.zendan [zynd)n ' I = M, N zindiin] prison.

........ban [-p)n'

I N -ban] jailer.........ig [-yk ' I N -i] prisoner.

zenenidan, zenen- [zynyn-ytn'] look after, preserve.

zenhar [zynh)l I N zinhiir] protection.zenig [zynyk' ] armed.·zibal [zb)ll N zibtil] swift (horse, etc.).zib [zyh I N zih] bow-string.zindag [zy(w)ndk

'I M zyndg, N zinda] alive, living.

........ih: life.zindakkar [zywndkkll M zyndkr] vivifier, reviver.zinenidan, zinen- [zynyn-ytn l ] damage, harm.zirak [zylk ' I M zyr, N ........] wise, clever.zistan, v. ziwistan.ziAt [zyft' I = P, N ....] hateful, ugly.ziwenidan, ziwen- [zywyn-ytn

'1M zywyn-] vivify, revive.

zi(wi)stan, zi(w)- [zyw-stn l I M zywystn, zyw-, N zistan] live.zi(w)iAn [zywln ' I M zyyln] life; livelihood.....ih: life, living.........~mand [-)wmnd] living, alive.

ziyanag [zyd)nk l ] young woman.ziyiAn, v. zi(w)iAn.zofay [zwp)d 1M zwp)y] deep; depth.

• ....ih: depth..zofr [zwpll M zwwpr, J zwrf, (N zarf)] deep.-ay [-)d] depth.....-payag [-p)dyk

'] deep.

z~hr [zwhl I M zwhr] libation, offering.zor [ze)wl I M zwr, N ........] power, strength. ~. J .z: ..,;-'?

........ig, ........~mand [-yk', -)wmnd I M -mnd, N ....mand] powerful, strong. ?l '%")""1

z~t [zwt'= Av. zaotar-] first officiating priest.

........ih: office of z6t.zraw-, v. zruftan.l zreh [zlyh I P zryh] sea, lake.Zzreh [zlyh I N zirih] armour.zruftan, zraw- [zlwp-tn'] = azruftan.ziid [zwt l I M zwd, N ........] quick(ly).

........ih: speed.'ziir [zwll M ZCwr] false, deceitful.

100 zyAn~mand

zQ.r-gu~ay [zwlgwk)dy I M zwrgwg)y] false witness.-ih: false testimony.

zurwan [zwlw)n l ] time; the god Time, Zurvan.zuwan [zwb)n l ] = uzwan.zQ.zag [zwzk

'I (N ziiza)] hedgehog.

zyAn [zyd)n l I M zyy)n, N ziyan] loss, harm, damage.-gAr, -~mand [-k)l, -)wmnd] harmful.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

(a.-adjective; anim.-animate; astr.-astronomy, astrology; av.-adverb;cj.--conjunction; n.-noun; pn.-pronoun; pr.-preposition; v.-verb;vi.-intransitive; vt.-transitive.)

a e(w).abandon abaz estadan az, histan.ability ~araggarih, hunar, sayendag-

ih, tuwanigih; extent of one's ,.,.,tuwan-saman.

abject xwar.able abzaromand, sayendag, tuwanag,

tuwanig.able, be"'" ayaridan, sayistan, P sah-;

v. can.ablution padyab(ih).abode awarisn, bunag, manist,

nisemag; (daevic) dwarisn.abortion wisudag.above azabar.abrade randidan.abreast hamwar.absolute kamag-xwaday, kamgar.abstain pahrextan.abuse (n.) dusniim, wad-wiizag.abuse (v.) tar kardan / menidan.accept padiriftan.acceptable mehmiin.acceptance padirisn.acclivity abraz.accompany abagenidan.accomplish pardaxtan.account mar; v. reckoning; on ,.,., of

padisiiy, P wasnad; on that -- anbahrag ray.

account-book daftar.accursed gizistag, nifridag.accused pasemal.aconite bis.acquire ayaftan, handoxtan, wind-

adan, xwiistan.acquired gososriid.acquisition handozisn, windisn.acquisitive ayabag.acrobat, pole-- darwazig.across tar, tarist.

act (v.) kardan, warzidan.action kard, kardag(an), karm,

rayenisn.active kardar, karig.activity kardarih, karigih.adjutant P hdmharz.admonish awenidan.adoration yasn; v. worship.adorn adistan, azray-, payrastan,

pesidan.adornment ariiyisn, payrayag, pesisn.adult dad-meh, purnay.adulthood mehtarih.advantage bahrwarih, sog, sud; v.

profit.adversary hamba/edig, hambay,

hamemal, hamestiir; (spiritual)ebgat, petyiirag.

advice handarz, pandoadvise handarzenidan.advocate Jiidag-go(w).affability huewiizih.affable huewiiz.affair kiir, kard, tis.affection gramigih.afraid, be ,.." tarsidan.after fraz az, pas az, pay i.afterwards pas.again abaz, did, P bid.against padirag.age dad, -siilagih; old -- pirih,

zarmiin(ih), zarwiin.aged pir.ageless azarman.aggression henih.aggressive mustabarmiind.agile ~iibuk.

agility ~abukih.

agitate ayiirdenidan~

agitated, be ,.." ayardidan.agitati01I ayardenisn.

102 ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

agreeable ham-dadestan.agreement husazagih; pasn, past;

(document) padixsir.agriculture warz.Ahuramazda Ohrmazd.air andarway, way; of the,...., andar-

wayig.alas ala.alert gubrag, wigriid, zenawand.alien anodag; v. strange, foreign.alike ewsan.alive zindag, ziwisnomand.all hamag, hAmist, hamoyen, har(w),

harwin, harwisp, hambastag.alliance ayozisn.allot handaxtan.almond wadam; .-.. sweetmeat lawz-

enag.alms ahlawdad.alone ewtag, tag, taniha.aloud borzwangiha.also ham, -iz.alter wardenidan.alteration Jadag-wihirih.always bastan, hame, hamesag,

hllmwar, Jawedan, P yawed(an).amass handoxtan.amber kahruba(y).ambergris ambar.among(st) andar(ag), mayan.amount candih.ample frax.anarchy abiididiiyih.ancestor niyiig.ancient pir.and ud, (u-).anemone alalag.angel frestag; guardian ,...., frawahr,

fraward.anger debahr, x~sm.angry x~smen.

animal gyanwar; zayisnig; tamedam; wild....., dad.

animate gyanwar, ustanomand.ankle zang.announce niwistan, niweyenidan.announcement niweyisn(ih).anoint handiidan.answer (n.) passox, (piisox).answer (v.) paywiiz-.ant mor.anti- jud- i allti-demollic jud-dew.

antidote anos, Jud-bes, piidzahr.anti-knowledge pas-danisnih.anus kiin.any, not....., ee.anybody kas-iz.apart from fraz az, Jud az.apartments, private""" sabestan.apology bozisn.apostle frestag, paygiimbar; v. pro-

phet.appear paydiigihistan.appearance Cihr, des(ag), paydiigih.appetizer pespiirag.apple seb.appoint friiz griftan, gumardan,histan.appointee gumiirdag.appointment paymar.apportion baxtan.appropriate xwesenidan.approval passandisn.approve passandidan.apricot zardah1g.Aquarius Dol.aquatic iibig.Arab Tazig.arch-demon miizandar.archer kamandar.architect raz-kirrog.archives dewiin.ardent garmog, taftig.Aries Warrag.ark kewiid.arm biizii.armed zenig.arm-guard biiziibiinag.armour zen, zreh, gurdih.armpit kas.army gund, hen, laskar, spiih.around periimon.arouse guhriiyenidan, hangextan.arousing hangezisn.arrange iiriistan, payriistan, riiyen­

idan, win(n)iirdan, wiriistan.arranged, be ,...., win(n)irdan.arrangement iirliyisn, riiyenisn,

win(n)iirisn, wirayisn(ih).arranger diyenag.arrival rasisn.arrive rasidan.arrogance abartanih.arrogant abartan.arr(11) tigr; ,...., shaft U,hag.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 1°3

artisan hutuxs, kirrog.artistry nezUmanih.arts kirrogih.Aryan £ranag; - home, land £ran­

sahr, £ranwez.as (av.) 6won, 6yon; (cj.) ~e; - if

~iyon ka.ascendant ul-imadan.ascribe to abaz diidan o.ashamed sarmgen; be - pafSir-.ashen adurestaren.ashes adurestar.ask pursidan, zastan, (zayistan).aspen sped-dar.ass xar; wild - gor.assembly hanJaman.assignment paymar.assist ayaridan, frayadidan.assistance abagih, dastyarih,

frayad(isn).association hamih, nisast.assured(ly) ewar.astonished widimust.astonishing skeft.astonishment skeftih, widimustih.astray wiyaban; lead - wiyabanen-

idan.astrologer axtar(a)mar, starosmar

(-osmur).astrology axtar(a)marih, kundagih.at 0, pad.atmosphere andarway, way, spas.atmospheric andarwayig.atone toxtan; cause to - puhlenidan.atonement puhl; tozisn.attack (n.) henih, pahikafisn, tag.attack (v.) pahikaftan, tag kardan

abar 10.attain abar rasidan 0, ayaftan.attendant kardespas, P h!mharz.attention nigah.attentive huniyoxs.attract xwastan.attraction xwahisn.attribute abaz dadan o.audience handemanih; --chamber

pesgiih.augur murw-nis.auspicious humurwiig.authoritati·ve.padixsii(y).authority dastwar(ih), padix~ayih,

siUarih.

authorized padixSii(y).autumn piidez.average mayiinag.avert anaftan.Avesta abestag.avoid pahrextan, wiziristan.avoidable wizirisnig.avoidance iinabisn.awake gubriig, wigriid.awaken wigriidan; v. (a) rouse.awakening wigriisisn(ih).aware agah.away parron.

baby wa~cag, kodak, kawadag.back (av.) abiiz.back (n.) pust.backgammon newardaxsir.bad wad, wattar; v. evil.badness wadih.bag, skin - hamban, maSk.baggage bunag.bait ~inag.

bake poxtan.balance tarazUg.ball goy.banana moz.banish pad debahr dastan.bank, river - bar.banker gAhbed.banner drafS, nisan.banquet sur, xwaran.barbarity anerih.bark post, toz.barley Jaw; Jawen.barren starwan.base bun, fragan, payag.baseless abun.basil, royal - siihesprahm; speckled

,..., palangmusk.basin sadurwan; v. bowl.basis miidayan, padisar.bastion frawar.bat (anim.) sawag.bath abzan, ~armabag.

battle ardig, hamranih, lang, nibard,pahikar, razm, P padrazm; do ­nibardidan; v. fight; doingardikkarih.

battlefield karezar, razmgah.bay (horse) bor.be budan, estiidan, h-.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX1°4

bead muhrag.beam frasp.bear (anim.) xirs.bear (v.) burdan; ,..., offspring zadan,(daevic) hunusakenidan.

beard res.bearer burdar.bearing barisn.beat koftan, kostan, zadan.beautiful hu6hr, nek(ag).beaver babrag.because ~e, ed riiy ~e.

become biidan.becoming (a.) niyabag.becoming (n.) bawisn.bed gah, balengah.bedding wistar(ag).bee magas i anguben.beer wabg.beestings frosag.before handeman, pes.beget (frazand) warzidan.beginning bunih, fradomih, padisar,

sar.behaviour barisn, rawisnih, warisn.behind pas.being axw, sti; come into"'" hambiis­

idan.belief astawanih, wabar, wurroyisn,

xwastiigih.believe wurroyistan.believing den-astawan I -burdar,

xwastiig.bell P daray.belly aSkamb(ag), askom(b); (daevic)

mulan.below er, azer.belt kamar(-band).bemused mast(og).bench balengah.beneficence huda(ha)gih, kirbakkarih,

xwabarih.beneficent huda(ha)g, hugar, kirbak-

kar, xwabar.beneficial xwabarig.benefit xwabarih.benevolence hu~asmih, humanih.benevolent hu~asm.bent xwahl.best pAhlom.bestowal baxsisn.better weh.

between andarag, mayan.bezoar padzahr.bier gahiig.big wuzurg, stabr.bile wis, zahrag.bind bastan; ~ together hambastan.binding together hambandisnih.biped dopay.bird murw, way, wayendag; little ....,

murwizag; ,..., ofgood omen humiiy;,..., of prey skarag.

birth zayisn.bishop, v. chess.bite gazidan.biting (a.) gazag.biting (n.) gazisn.bitter taxI.bitterness taxlih.black sya.blacksmith ahangar.blade tex; ~ of grass giyahizag.blame (n.) iiwenisn, erang(ih), nikoh-

isn.blame (v.) awenidan, eraxtan,

nikohidan.blameless anerang.blameworthy awenisnig, nikohisnig.blaze waxsidan.blazing waxsendag.blemish iihog.bless iifridan.blessed farrox, hufraward.blessing iifrin.blind kor.blinking mezisn.bliss seda, xwa(h)rih.blissful huram.blister abilag.blood xon.blossom (n.) skofag, wiskOfag.blossom (v.) skuftan, wiskuftan.blo'w (n.) snah, zanisn.blow (v.) daftan, (damidan); (wind)

wayidan, wazidan; -- flute pazd-.blue xasen; blue-green kaskenen.boar waraz.board taxtag.boasting nazisn.boat kastig, makok.bodily tanig.body kalbod, kirh, tan.bodyguard pustiban.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX lOS

boil (vt.) ayardenidan.bold wistax; v. brave.boldness wistaxih.bond band; mihr, paSn, past(ag).bone ast(ag), astuxan.bonnet kulaf.book madayan, namag, nibeg.boon ayaft.bore suftan.born ziidag, zayisnig; be -- zadan.both Joma; of - worlds do-axwanig.bottle sisag.bottom bun, tah.bottomless abun.boundary kanarag, marz, saman,

wimand.bounded samanomand, wimandig; v.

delimited.boundless akanarag.boundlessness akanaragih.bountiful abzonig.bountifulness abzonigih.bow ('weapon) dron, kaman, sanwar.bowl padisxwar, tast.bowman kamandar.bow-string zih.box kewud, tabangog; (tree) sim-

sar.boy, v. lad, page, son.brain mazg.branch azg, tag.brand drosidan.branding dros.brandish wextan.brass brinj, roy-.brassard bazabanag.brave <:er, diler, marcabuk, mardan­

ag, new.bravery cerih, gurdih, mar<:abukih,

mardanagih.brazen brinJen, royen.bread nan; daily - rozig.breadth pahnay, wehmih.break (vi.) wisistan; v. broken.break (vt.) skastan.breaking sken(n)isn; - faith mihro­

drujih.breast pestan; sen(ag), war.breath damisn, wad, wen; short of -­

duJdaft.breathe daftan, (damidan).briar, swel'f '" nastaran.

bribe parag.brick xist.bridegroom damad.bridge puhl.bridle ewan, padisar.brigand rahdar.brigandage rahdarih.bright rosn, sed, P nisag.brighten rozenidan.brightness, brilliance bam, brah,

brazisn, frog, payrog, spig.brilliant bamig.bring anidan, awurdan, rasenidan,

aden-; - about andar awurdan.broad pahn, wehm.broadcast srawenidan.brocade debag.broken, be - skih-; v. break.bronze brin}; hrinJen.broom gyag-rob.brother brad(ai).brow brug.brown, reddish--- bor.bucket dol, hezag.Buddha but.buffalo gawmes.bug sas.build desidan.builder raz-kirrog.bull gaw.bun kulacag.bunch, bundle dastag.burden bar.buried nigan.burn (vi.) waxsidan.burn (vt.) dazidan, soxtan, taftan,

(tahidan).burning (a.) sozag, taftig, waxsendag;

ever-- hamesag-soz.burning (n.) dazisn, sog, sozisn,

tabisn.burrow surl'ig.bUT1"owing sudgig.burst skaftan.bustard <:arz.but be.butter kar, royn.buttermilk, dried....., kask.buttock kun.buv xridan.Byzantine hromayig.Byzantium Hr<1m.

106 ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

Caesar kesar.calculate amar-; v. reckon.calculated osmurdig.calculation osmarag.calf gawdar.call xrostan, xwandan.calumny dusewiizih.calyx kulafak.camel ustar.camp bunag.camphor kapur.can sayistan, tuwan, P sah-; v. able.canape bazmawurd.Cancer Karzang.cane graw, nay.cane-brake nayestiin.cap kuHif(ak).capable adug.capital sahrestan.Capricorn Wahig.captive dastgir, griftiir, wardag; v.

prisoner.captivity dastgraw, wardagih.caravan kiirawan.caravaneer karawanig.care (n.) nigahdar(isn)ih, pahrez;

temar.care for pahrextan.cared for pad-nigerisn.carpenter durgar.carpet bob.carriage wardyun.carrion murdar, nasa.carry burdan; ~ away wiizidan.carry out hanJaftan.case (law) dadestiin, jadag.cast down hambastan.caste pesag.castle, v. chess.cat gurbag.cattle gospand, stor.cattle-stall gostan.cauldron deg.cause (reason) Cim, wihan(ag); (case)

Jadag.cavity gabr.ceiling askob.celebrate yastan.celebration Jasn.celerv karafs.cemete.ry daxmagestan.ce11taur nernasp.

ceremonies, religious - hamagden,radpassag.

certain a- I abe-guman, ewar, tastig.certainlyewar.certainty abegumanih, tast.chaJJ kith.chain zanJir.chalcedony karkehan.chamberlain dar-handarzbed.chance (n.) Jahisn.chance (v.) Jastan.change (n.) wardisn, wihirisn.change (vi.) wastan, wihir-.change (vt.) wardenidan.changeable rozward, wardisnig.channel Jo(y), kahas.chapter dar.character 6yonih; ragih, xem, xog.characteristic daxSag.charge, in - abarman.chariot rah, wardyun.charity ahlawdad.charm nerang; v. spell.chase (n.) naxcir.chase (v.) pazdenidan, taxtan,

tazenidan.chatter (n.) drayisn.chatter (v.) drayidan.cheek erwarag.cheese panir.cheetah yoz.cherish parwardan.chess catrang; (pieces) K sah, Q

frazen, B pit, Kt asp, R madayiir,P payadag.

chest sen(ag); (box) tabangog.chestnut siihbalut.chew judan.chicken kark.chick-pea naxod.chief (a.) miidayan, (daevic) kamalig.chief, spiritual- rad.child aburnay(ag), frazand, rahig,

waccag, zadag, zahag.childbirth abusih.childhood aburnayih, rahigih.childless apus, starwan.choice (a.) pad-wizen.choice (n.) wizen.('hoose wextan, wizidan, wurroyistan.chooser wizengar.Christian tarsag.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 107

chronicle karnamag.circle <:ambar.circular gird.circumstance <:e-ewenagih.circumvallation, citadel parwar; v.

fortification.cither tambiir.citron wadrang.city sahr, sahrestan.claim pahikardan.clarion nay.class mar.clay gil; gilen.clean pak; ritually - padyab; v. pure.cleanse wextan.cleansed asniid(ag), (asnidag).clear rosnag.cleave tasidan.clever zirak; v. wise.clime kiswar.cloak kabah.clothe nihuftan, (nihumbidan).clothing Jamag, paymog, wastar(ag).cloud abr, mey, snoy.clover aspast.club gad, warz, (wazr); bearing a -

gadwar.cluster hOSag.coarse stabr, sturg.coarseness stabrih.cock xros.coconut anargel.coin, small copper - pisiz.cold sard; - region sardser.coldness sardih, sarmag.collaboration hamkarih.collaborator hamkar.collapse hambastan.collapsed hambastag.collect (vi.) 0 gird amadan.collect (vt.) hambaridan, harrob-, P

amwastan.collection harrobisnih.colour (n.) gon(ag), rang.colour (v.) pesidan.colt kurrag.column stiin(ag); military -- karawan.comb sanag.combat hamnibardih, hamranih,

ko(x)sisn; v. fight.combustion sog, sozisn.come amadan, madan ; awar!; ,...", in

andar amadan; ""'"' to, upon abarrasidan; - to an end 0 ham madan.

comer madar.command (n.) framan.command (v.) framiidan.commander framandar, kustagbed,

sastar, spahbed.commandment framayisn.commentary zand.commission gumardan.commit abespurdan.commonalty amaragan, payram.community hanJaman; walan.compact hambast.companion hambay.company abagih.compelled a<:arag.compensation tawan.complain garzidan, nal-.complaining garzisnig, mustomand.complaint garzisn, gilag, must.complete (a.) bowandag, hangirdig,

(u)spurrig.complete (v.) frazaftan, hangirden­

idan, hanJaftan.completeness hangirdigih, spurrigih.completion bowandagih, frazamisn,

hanJam.complexion gon(ag).compose hambastan, hamenidan.composed hambastag; be-hambiidan.composite bahromand.compositeness bahromandih.composition hambawisn(ih).comprehend abar madan.comprehension ayabagih; parwand.compress afSurdan.comprise parwastan.comrade hamahl, hamal.conceal nihuftan, (abar) nihumbidan.concealment nihan.conceived, be - hambiisidan.conception hambiisisn.concerning andar.conclusion frazam.condemn eraxtan.condemnation <:asmagahih, erang(ih);

v. blame.c01lduct (n.) warisn; v. bella'viour

good - crih.conduct (v.) franaftan.confess ii§kiidt~enidan, garzidan.

108 ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

confessing astawan, xwastiig.confession astawanih, xwastiigih j

a~karAgih.

confidence wistaxih.confident wistax.confounded stard.confused ahid; be ....., seb~.confusion ahidih, ~ebi~n.

congregation hanjaman.connect paywastan.connected hamband.connection hambandih, paywand.conquer tarwenidan, wanidan.conquest wani~n.conscious o~yar.

consciousness os(ih)'consecrate niwistan, niweyenidan.consecrated bread dron; ....., drink

parahom.conserve ambag.consider abar nigeridan, pad ed

dastan, handesidan, hangardan,osmurdan, uskardan.

consideration amar, hangiirisn,osmarisn, uskarisn(ih).

consign abespurdan.consolation widwarih.consoled widwar.constellation axtar.constitution passazisn.constraint widang.consubstantial hamgohr.consult pahikardan.consultation hampursagih.consulting hampursag.consume xwardan.consumption xwarisnih. 'contain parwastan.contained, be ....., in andar budan.container kabarag.contempt tarmenisnih.contemptuous tarmenisn.contend with pahikar-.content(ed) abemust, hunsand, hu­

snud, widwar.content(ment) hunsandih, husnudih,

~nomag, snohr, widwarih.contentious sturg.contiguous hamsaman.continent kiswar; v. Appendix (vi).continually paywastag.continue estadun.

contract mihr.contract-breaker mihrdroz, mihro-

druj.contrary abaron, mih.conversion hazisn.convert haxtan.cook poxtan.cool (a.) xunak.cool (v.) afsardan.cool down afsardan.cooling afsarisn.cope with abar madan.copper roy; (a.) royen; v. coin.copulate gadan, marzidan.copulation mayisn, marzisn(ih).copy pa(c)cen.coral wassad, xrohak.coralline wassaden.cord wandag.core madayan, uruspar.coriander gfkisniz.corn Jorda.corner gosag.corpor(e)al astomand, astwand, kil­

bodomand, tanig, tanigard, tan­omand.

corpor(e)ality astomandih, tanomand-ih.

corpse ristag, nasa.corrupt gannag, winastagj v. ,·otten.corruption gannagih, nasrust(ih),

pohisn.corvee begar.cost uzenag.costume brahm(ag).costus kust.cot gahwarag.cotton pambag; (a.) pambagen.couch balengah, taxtgah.counsel pand; taking....., hampursag.count osmurdan.counter~ padirag.counterpart bradarod.countless amar(ag), anosmar, asag.country bum, deh, ~ahr.

countryman dahigan, (dehgan).couple Juxt.courier payg.courtier waspuhragin.cover (n.) wistar(ag).fO'l'er (v.) nihuftan, (nihumhidan),

posidan.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 10 9

covering posisn.cow gaw.coward wad-dil.cow-shed gostan.crab karzang.cradle gahwarag.craftsman kirrog.craftsmanship kirrogih.crane kulang.create af(u)ridan. (fraz) brehenidan.

dadan. tasidan; (daevic) kirren­idan.

creation afurisn. brehenisn. (bun-)dahisn; dam.

creator dadar. Day.creatorship dadarih.creature dam; noxious....., xrafstar.crime agrift, winah.crimson karmir.crooked waxr. xwahl.cross widardan. (widastan).crossing widerisn(ih).crow waray.crow. groh.crown abesar.cruc~on dargardih.crude xam.crush af§urdan, kaftan.cry (n.) wang.cry (v.) xrostan; (weep) griyistan.crystal abgenag, beHir.crystalline abgenagen.cub wa~~ag.

cubit ardn, frarast.cultivate wirastan.cultivated abadan; ....., land warzbum.cultivation abadanih.cup paygiil.cup-maker paygalgar.curator stur.curds mast.cure besb(en)-.curls ges.currency rawagih.CUTTent rawag.curse nifrin.curtain pardag.cushion balen. balis.custodian (of stray animals) apedag­

dar.custom dastwarih. ewen(ag).customary sonig.

cut (n.) brin.cut (v.) b(u)ridan, tasidan.cutting (a.) buriig.cutting (n.) burisn.cypress sarw.

daevic creature wisudag; v. noxious.dagger ceHin. dasnag.daily rozwarag.dais sadurwan.dakhma daxmag, dadgiih.damage (n.) winahisn. zyiin; v. harm.damage (v.) winahidan, zinenidan;

v. hurt, injure.damask, monochrome....., piring; poly-

chrome ....., parnagiin.damn eraxtan.damp naft; v. moist.danger se] i free from - ase].dangerous seJomand.dare ayaridan.dark tarig/k, terag; --coloured dabr.darkness tar. tarig/kih. tom.date xorma.date-palm muy.daughter duxt(ar).dawn bamdad, os, os(e)baru.dawning wizihisn(ih).day roz; ....., and night raz-saban.daytime rozgar.dead rist.deafkarr.dear dosag, gramig.death marg(ih). OS, widerisn(ih), P

murd; moment of '" gyan kandan;deserving""" margarzan; risk "'.fight to ....., anos xwardan.

deathless ahos, amarg; v. immortal.deathlessness amargih; v. immortality.debt abam.decay pohisn.deceased anosagruwiin; v. blessed.deceit dawal. dro, freb, pa(~)cibiigih.

deceitful dosaxwan, zur.deceive druxtan, frertan, pa(c)cibay-.

wiyabanenidan.deceived freftar.deceiver dabr; freftiir.deception freb, wiyiibiin(gar)ih.decide friiz griftan.decision wiziirisn. wizir.decisive bringar.

110 ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

declination ogra.declining nisebig.declivity niseb, seb.decrease (n.) kiihisn, nirfsisn.decrease (vi.) nirfs-, kiistan.decrease (vt.) kahenidan, kastan.decree, v. destiny.decree (v.) brehenidan.decreeing brehenag.decrepitude zarman.deed kar, kunisn; v. good, evil.deep zofay, zofr(-payag); (water)

niiydag.deer gawazn.defeat pahikar-, stowenidan.defeated stO.defecate ridan.defence pahrez, piisbiinih; (legal)

pasemiilih.defend piidan.defendant pasemiil.deficiency abebiid(ih), frodmund.defile iihogenidan, iiliidan.defiled iiliidag.defilement iiliidagih; v. pollution.degree (of arc) sus.dejection (astr.) niseb, past.delay (n.) spoz(isn).delay (v.) spoxtan.delicate diirmag.delight huniyiigih, urwahm(an)ih.delightful huniyiig.delimitation brin.delimited brinomand; v. bounded,

limited.deluded wiyiiban.delusion wiyabanih.demand zastan, (ziiyistan).demolish hambastan.demolition hambiihisn.demon dew, druz; female"'" eh; v.

Appendix (ii).demonic dewanag.denying nakkira.depart franaftan.deprivation apparih.deprived abahr.depth nigiinih, zahii, zahih, zofay(ih),

zofray.deputy gumiirdag.descendant naft.desert wiyaban.

design nigar-.desire (n.) arz6g, kam(ag), waran,

xwahisn.desire (v.) abayistan, grayidan,

kiimistan, xwiistan.desirous kiimagomand.desist from abiiz estiidan az.desolate awerag, aweran.desolation drosag.despairing anummed.despatch (n.) wise; (v.), v. send.desperate gyiin-abespiir.despise tar kardan I menidan.destiny breh, brehenisn.destroy abesihenidan, (afsenistan),

gugan-, kandan, murnJenidan,wanidan, wirnustan, winahidan,wisuftan.

destroyed anast, miidag, tabiih, wany;be ......, abesihidan.

destroyer, destructive kastar, zadiir.destructible wisobisnig.destruction abesihisn(ih), afsenisn,

iiniistih, kastiirih, tabahih, wanisn,wany(b)iidih, winiihisn, wisobisn.

detail, in ......, gowiziir.detailed gokiinig.details gokan.determined brin.determiner bringar.detriment (astr.) petyiirag.devil dew.devil-worship dew-esnih I -ezagih.devoted gyan-abespiir.devour obiirdan; (daevic) jiidan.dew rnizne.dexterous neziiman(ig).diagram nigiirag.diamond almiis(t).die (gaming) gardanag, tiis.die (v.) murdan, widardan, (widaS-

tan).difference judagih.different Jud, judiig, Juttar.difficult duskar, dus(x)war, gariin.difficulty dus(x)warih.dig kandan.digest gugar(i)dan.digestible hugugiir.dignified huskoh.dignity huskohih, skoh.dilatory spozgar.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX III

diligence tuxsagih; v. endeavour.diligent tuxsag.diminish kastan.diminisher kastar.diminution kahisn, nirfsisn.dinar denar.dip ogra.direct (a.) rast.direct (v.) rayenidan.direction kust(ag), nemag, ron, sog;

downward -- nigfmih; upward -­ulih; V. organization.

dirt rem.dirty reman.disagreeable dus(x)war; Jud-dadestan.disappear abaydagihistan.disappointment oreb(ih).disbelief anastawanih.disbelieving anastawan.disciple hasagird, hiiwist.disciplehood hiiwistih.discord anastih.discriminate wizidan.disengage from abaz kardan az.dish padisxwar.dishonour anazarmih, dusrawih.dishonoured anazarm(ig), dusraw.disk girdag.disobedience aburdframanih, spoz,

spozisn.disobedient aburdframan, spozgar.disobey spoxtan.dispense with wiziristan.disperse pargandan.disposition menisn, ragih, xog.dispute (n.) pahikar.dispute (v.) eraxtan; V. fight.disquiet anastih.dissatisfaction ahunsandih.dissatisfied ahunsand.dissolve widaxtan.dissolved, be -- widazihistan.distant dur.distorted waxr.distress stowih, skeftih, tangih,

widang.distressed ranJwar, st~.

distribute baxtan, pargandan.distribution baxsisn.district awestam, kust(ag), paygos,

rostag, zand.disturb ayozidan, wisuftan.

disturbance iisob.divide wiskidan.di1)inity abargar, yazd; v. Appen-

dix (i).divisible bahromand.division bazisn, brin, kardag.do kardan.doctor bizesk.doctrine afrah, castag, poryotkesih.doer kardar, kunisngar.dog sag.dogma kes.dog-rose nastaran.dome gumbad.domestic adehig; kadagig.dominion sahryarih; of long

dagrand-xwaday.don paymoxtan, posidan.donation dahisn.done, be'" kirih- ; be'" with pardaxtan

az; not", akard.donkey xar.door dar.double doganag.doubt guman(ih), waromandih; cast-

ing -- gumangar.doubtful gumanig, waromand.down er, frod.downwards nigilnsar.dowry kaben.drachm drahm.dragon az, Azdahag; (astr.) Gozihr.draught ahang.draw (pull) kesidan; (picture) nigar-;

'" out, -- water ahixtan, hixtan.dread ahr.dream bilsasp, xwamn.dress paymozan; v. garment.drink xwarisn; alcoholic'" hur.drink (v.) xwaridan; cause to

xwaren-.drinking xwiirisn; --vessel takok.drop passing, passinJag, srdk.drug dariig.drum tumbag.drunken mast(og).drunkenness mastogih.dry husk.dry up hosidan.dumb agowag, gung.dung guh, sargen.dung-worm pazug i guhgard.

112 ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

duratioll drang.dust gard, xak.dutiful xweskar.duty bar, frez, harg; fulfilling duties

frezb/wanih.dwell bunag dastan, man-.dwelling estisn, man, manisn, manist,

xiin ud man; ,....., of demons gilistag.dye rang.dying purr-gah, wideran.

each harw.eagle aluh, dalman, humay.ear gos; ,....., of corn hosag.earnings windisn.ear-ring goswar.earth bum, xak, zamig.earthly zamigig.earthquake bum-candag.ease asanih, ramisn, xwarih; at ,.....,

ramisnig.east osastar, xwariisan.easy asan, sabuk, xwar.eat xwardan; cause to ,....., xwaren-.eating xwarisnih; (daevic) Joyisn.ebb ogar.ebonyabnus.edge kanar(ag), karan; sharp""", tex.edible xwarisnig, xwaren, xwardar.educate frahixtan, parwardan.educated frahixtag.education frahang, parwarisn.effort harg.egg xayag.egg-shaped xayagdes.eight hast.eighteen hdtdah.eighty hastad.elbow aranJ.elder dadmeh, mehtar.element amezisn, rastag, dhag.elephant pi!; """'-driver pilban.eleven yazdah.eloquent gowag.embassy bayaspiinih.embers xwarg.embrace agos, kanar.emerald uzumburd.emptiness tuhigih.empty tuhig.enchant afsudan.encircle hambastan.

enclose parwastan.enclosure parwand, parwast, war.end abdomih, frazam, hanJam, karan,

sal'; come to an ,....., 0 ham madan;v. finish; from,....., to ,....., sarasar.

endeavour (n.) ayozisn(ih), tuxsagih,tuxsisn.

endeavour (v.) ko(x)sidan, tuxsidan;v. strive.

endless asar.endowed bahrwar.endurance pattugih.endure burdan, pattiidan, widar-

(i)dan.enduring pattug.enemy dusmen.energetic ko(x)sisnig.engendered zayisnig.enlarge fraxenidan.enmity anastih, dusmenih.enough was.enter andar amadan I sudan.entertainer huniyagar.entertainment huniyagih.enthroned, be ,....., abar nisastan.entire bowandag, (u)spurrig; v.

complete.entrails rodigan.entrance widar.entrust abespurdan, gumardan.entry aden.entwine pecidan.envious aresken, casmaresk, duscasm.envoy bayaspan.envy aresk, casmareSkih, duscasmih.epistle frawardag.equal (a.) hamog.equal (n.) hamahl, hamal, hamtag.equivalent gohrig.Eranian £ranag.erect stey, stendag.ermine kakom i sped.erring aband, aberah.error abandih, erang(ih).escape (n.) rastarih, wireg.escape (v.) rastan, wirextan.especial madagwar; v. special.especially (pad-)namcist.essence ceih, cihr(ag), gohr(ag),

madag, madayan, xwadih, uruspar.essential gohrig, madagig, madagwar,

madayan.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 113

establish nihadan.established, be ...... winnirdan.estate dastagird.estimate wahag burdan.eternal dagrand-xwaday, hameig,

jawed.eternally hameiha, Jawedan(ag), P

yawedan.eternity hamesagih, hame-rawisnih;

of"'" frasagirdig.evening ebarag; previous ...... dos.ever hagriz.every harw, wisp.everyday rozwarag.evident askarAg, nigerisnig.evil (a.) akomand, anag, druwand,

wad(ag), wattar, dus-; ...... deeddusxwadt; ,.... eye as, duJdoysarih;...... rule duspiidixsiiyih; ...... rulerduspadixsa(y); ,.... speech dusewaz-ih, dushuxt; spirit Ahreman,gannag menog; thought dus(hu)-mat; of...... behaviour duskunisn;of ,.... religion agden, dujden; of"'"speech dus-gowisn; of...... thoughtdusmenisn.

evil (n.) ak, anagih, bazag(ih),dusih, petyarag, wad(ag)ih, wat­tarih; onslaught of ...... ebgat(ih),petyaragih.

evil-doer anag-kardiir.evil-doing wadgarih.evil-minded duswir.evil-natured dusxem.ewe mesoexaltation (astr.) biilist.exalted biilistig.exaltedness biilistih.examine wizostan.excellence pAhlomih.excellent cabuk, pAhlom, pASom.except be ... (enya), jud az.excess frehbud(ih).excrement guh, hixr, muhrisn.execrable nikohisnig.execrate nikohidan.exempt pargl1d.exile uzdehigih.exiled uzdehig.existence (h)astih, axw(an), sti.exists (h)ast.exit uzenag.

C 6684

expansive abzonig.expel ogardan.expense uzenag.experience karagahih.experienced kiiragah, nibardag.expiate toxtan.expiation puhl, tozisn.explain paydagenidan, wizardan.explanation wizar, zand.explicit gowizar.exposition nigez(isn).expound nigextan.express (juice) hunidan.expulsion pazdagih.extend, cause to ...... rawenidan.extinguish afsardan.extinguished, he ...... (a)zruftan.extract ahixtan; (juice) hunidan.extraordinary skeft.exudation passing.eye caSm, doysar ; evil ...... as,

duJdoysarih.eye-lash, -lid miJ(ag).

fable afsan.face cihr, roy.faint tand.faintness tandih.faith kes, xwastugih; breaking

mihrodruJih.faithful den-astawan I -burdiir.falcon biiz.fall kaftan, obastan, Oftiidan, pad-.fall down (collapse) hambastan.fall on pahikaftan.fallen hambastag.false mih, zur; ...... judgement dr6-

dadwarih; testimony zur-gugayih; ...... witness zur-gugiiy.

falsehood drozanih, mihoxt.fame husrawih, nam.family dl1dag, naf, tomag, tom.famous husraw, namcistig, niimig.fan damenag.far durofarmer dahigan, (dehgiin); v. hus-

bandman.farthing pisiz.fashion (fraz) brehenidan, passaxtan.fast (a.) tazig; V. quick, SfViJt.fast (n.) rozag.fasting padrozag.

I

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

fat (a.) frabih.fat (n.) ~arbisn, pih.fate baxt, breh, spihr.father pid(ar).fathom Judnay.fattiness carbih.fatty carbofault shog, mandag.favour ayaft.fear (n.) bim, skoh, tars; ahr.fear (v.) tarsidan.fearful bimgen, bimomand.fearfulness bimgenih.fearless abebim, abim.fearlessness abebimih.feast bazm, sur.feather parr.feeble nizar; v. weak.feed xwaren-.feel mardan, sohistan.feeling (a.) sohisnig.feeling (n.) sohisn, pahrmahisn.felling hambahisn.felon mar.felt namad.female denodag, madag.femininity miidagih.fence parzin.fervent garmog, taftig.festival gahanbar; Jasn.fever tab, tabisn.few andak, cand, ewcand, kam,

nihang,oziirak.fewer kem.fibre resag.fickle niizuk, rozward.field kisw(iin)zar.fierce sturg.fifteen panzdah.fifty panJah.fig anJir.fight (n.) Jang, nibard, pahikafisn;

v. battle, combat.fight (v.) eraxtan, nibardidan, pahi-

kar-, P ran-; make,..., pahikiiftan.fill agandan, hambaridan.filter paludan.filth rem, remanih.filthy reman.final(ly) abdom, pascn.finalityabdomih.find windadan.

fitldable windisnig.fine barig/k, darmag. P naxsag.finger angust.finger-gual"d angustban.finger ring angustarig.finish fraziiftan, hanJiiftan.finished, be ..... frazaftan, hanJaftan.finite kaniiragomand; v. limited.fire adur, ataxs; form of""" iisrokerpa ;

sacred ,..." adarog, Burzenmihr,Farrobag, Gusnasp, ataxs i Wah­ram.

fire altar iidurgah.fire-stand iidist.fire temple diidgah, gumbad.firewood es/zm.firm awestwiir, ost, ostigiin, staft.firmament spihr.firmness awestwiirih.first ahy, fradom, naxust, nazdist.fish miihig.fist mus/st.fitness sazisn, sazagih; v. suitabilit,·.fitting abiiyisnig, niyiibag, passazag,

sazag(wiir); be ,..." abiiyistan, saz-.five panJ.fix win(n)iirdan.fixed (star) awiyabanig.flask sisag.flautist niiy-sdiy.flavour caxsisn.flea kayk.flee wirextan.flesh gost, pid.flight parwiiz, wazisn; (escape) wireg.flock carag, ram(ag).flour ard; browned ..... pist.flourish, make ..... padexenidan.flourishing padex; v. prosperous.flow (n.) rezisn, tazisnih.flow (v.) iisixtan, rextan, taxtan,

(tazidan); cause to ..... taxtan,tazenidan.

flower (n.) gul, sprahm, skOfag.flower (v.) skuftan.flowing tazag.fluid susar.flummery piiludag.flute nay.fly (n.) magas, maxs.fly (v.) wiiy-, wiizidan.foal kurrag.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 115

foam bE.fodder wastar, P was.following (household) gal.folly halagih.food castag, nan, pih, xwar, xwardig,

xwarisn; ......, and drink xwiir-bar.foolish dusagiih, halag.foolishness dusiigiihih.foot pay, pay; on""'" payadag.foot-soldier payadag, payg.footstep pay.for (cj.) ce; (pr.) ray, P wasniid.forbear wixsay-; v. forgive.forbearance siixtiirih, wixsayisn(ih).forbearing wixsayisnig.force must, stabrih; vital- axw.forehead anig, pesiinig.foreign anodagig, uzdehig.foremost pdhlom, pesenig; "I seat

pesgiih.forest razur; v. wood.forget fdmustan, az daxsag histan.forgive abaxsiiyidan, iimurzidan,

wixsay-.forgiveness abaxsiiyisn, iimurzisn.forgiving abaxsiiyisnig.forgotten anayiid, frAmos.form (n.) brahm(ag), Cihr, des(ag),

ewen(ag), gon(ag), jadag, kiilbod,kirb; of the same""'" hamdesag.

form (v.) Cihrenidan, hambastan.formed hambastag.former pesenig.fornication marzisn(ih).forth friiz.fortification drubustih.fortress diz, drubust.fortunate farrox, hangad, jahisnayar,

xwarrahomand.fortune bayobaxt, baxt, farroxih,

hangadih, jahisn, xwarrah.forty cehel.forwards friiz.foster parwardan, parwal-.foul gandag, ganniig, pudag.found nisiistan.foundation bun, bunist, fragiin, niha-

dag, nisiiyisn; lay "Is fragandan.fountain siidurwan.four cahar.fourteen cahardah.fourth tasum.

fowler talag-cin.fox robah.fragrance huboyih.fragrant huboy.francolin kabkanjir, por.frankincense kundur.free (a.) abeziir, azad, harzag, kam­

ziwisn; ,..". from pargud az.free (v.) wisadan; ,..". oneself from

pardiixtan az.freed, be ......, of pardaxtan az.freedom aziidih, pardazisn.freeze afsiirdan.fresh sabz, tarr, xwed, zargon.freshness xwedih.friend ayar, dost, erman.friendliness ayiiromandih.friendly ayaromand, mihrbiin.friendship ayarih, dostih, ermiinih,

mihr.frighten pazdenidan.frog wak, wazay.from az.front anig.frontier wimand.fruit bar, bar, mewag.fruitful baromand.fruitless abebar.frustrate iiniiftan.frying-pan tiibag.fuel es/zm.fulfil wiziirdan.full purr.fuller gazar.fullness purr-rawisnih.function riiyenisn; proper ......, xwes-

karih.furrow (n.) kis.furrow (v.) kistan.further did; v. hence.furthermost bedom.fury iihr.

gain handoxtan.gaining one's ends kiimag-hanjiim.gall, v. bile.gallows dar.game kiidag, wiizig; (quarry) naxcir.garden bay; (flower)""'" boyestiin.gardener boyestiinbiin.garment Jiimag, kabiih, paymog,

paymozan, warr, wastar(ag).

1I6 ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

gate darband.Gatha gah; relating to the ""s

gahanig.gather (vi.) (0) gird amadan, 0 ham

madan.gather (vt.) cidan, gird kardan, 0 ham

kardan, harrob-, P amwastan.gathered gird.gathering cinisn, harrobisn(ih);

(group) gund, hanj'aman.gazelle ahlig.Gemini Do-pahikar.general (n.) amaraganig.general (n.) spahbed.generally, ill general amaraganihii.generality amaragan.generatio1l awadag.generosity riidih.generous did.genesis bawisn.gentle carb, nazuk.gentleness carhih.genuine wizurd.geometry zamig-paymanih.ghost (soul) gyan, ustan; give up the,....,

gyan kandan.gift ayaft, dasn, parag, dasar.gigantic mazandar.giraffe ustar-gaw-palang.girdle kamar; sacred ,..., ebyiinghan,

kustig.girl kanig, kanizag; v. daughter,

maiden.give dadan.giving dahisn.glass abgenag, jam.glazed (pottery) doscn.gleam bdzidan.glorious bamig, xwarrahomand.glory abrang, bam, xwarrah.gnat paxsag.go franaftan, raftan, sudan; cause to

,...., rawenidan.go forth abiiz raftan.go out uzidan; (fire) (a)zruftan.goat buz.goblet jam(ag), payga!.god abargar, bay, yazd.goer raftar.going rawisn.gold zarr.golden zarren; (colour) zargon.

goldsmith zarr(i)gar.good (a.) huda(ha)g, nek(og), new,

weh, xub, hu-, P naxsag; ,...., char­acter huxemih; ,..., deed huwarSt,kirbag; ,..., repute husrawih; ,...., rulehupiidixsayih; ,..., ruler hupadix­sii(y); ,..., speech hiixt; ,..., spiritspeniig menog; ,...., thought humat;of ,...., behaviour hukunisn; of ,....,character huxem; of ,...., religionhuden; of ,...., repute husraw; of ,....,speech hu-ewaz, hu-gowisn; of ,....,stock pad-gohr(ag); of,...., thoughthumenisn.

good-mindedness humanih.good-natured huxem, nek-gohr.goodness huih, nekih, nekgohrih,

wehih, xiibih.goose si.gorget griwban.grace (prayer) waz; say waz

griftan.grain cinag, diin(ag); Jorda.grandfather niyag.grandson nab.grape angur.grass giya(h).grate randidan.grateful burdesnohr, huspas, spas­

dar, spasesnas, spiisomand.gratitude iiziidih, spas, spasdiirih,

snayisn, snohr.gravid zahagomand; v. pregnant.grazing carag.great meh, wuzurg.Great Bear Haftoring.greatest ayre, mahist.greatness wuzurgih.greed az, azwarih, ruzdih, waranigih.greediness azkiimagih.greedy iizkamag, azwar, ruzd,

waranig.Greek hromiiyig.green sabz, zargon.greenness zargonih.greeting erkas.grey-blue kabod.grief cehag, temar, zarig; v. sorrow.grieve cidan; v. lament.grind ardan.groan nal-.groom, head""" axwarr-siiHir, storbiin.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

gross sturg.group dastag, groh, gund.grow rustan; (increase) abzudan,

walidan, waxsidan.growing aroyisnig.growth aroyisn, royisn; (incrt!ase)

abzayisn, abzon, walisn, waxsisn.gruel kamag.gryphon baskuc.guard pandg, pas; nigastar; keep ,..",

pas dastan.guarded pad-nigerisn, pad-panag.gum'dian pasban; (legal) stfir.guest mehman.guidance parwanagih.guide (n.) parwanag, pesar, rahnimay.guide (v.) haxtan, nimudan.guild pcbg.guilty, be""" of pesar budan.guinea-worm pazug.gum dos; zadug.gummy dosen.guts rodig(an).gynaeceum sabestan.gypsum ga~.

habitation mehmanih.hag duskanig.hail tagarg.hair moy, wars; (a.) moyen.hairless ambarag.half nem(ag).hall sray.halter padisar.hammer caku~, potk.hand dast, panJag; (daevic) gaw;

right,..", dasn.hand-guard abdast.handiwork dastkarih.hang (up) agustan.Haoma Hom.happen Jastan.happiness farroxih, huramih, hun­

sandih, husnudih, sadih, snayen­isn, urwazisn, xwa(h)rih.

happy farrox, huram, hunsand,husnud, sad, xunak.

hard saxt, staft, skeft.hardness, hardship skeftih.hare sahog, xargos.harm (n.) ak, anagih, azarm, bes,

besisn, wizend, zyan.

harm (v.), v. hurt, damage.harmful pad-zyan, resken, zyangar,

zyanomand.harmfulness reskcnih.harmless abes, abewizend, Judbes.harmlessness abesih.harmony hamih.harp ~ang, kennar.harpist cang-sray, kennar-sray.harsh drost, staft.harshness drustih.harsh-spoken drost-awaz I -ewiiz.haste nixwarisn.hasten awistiiftan, nixwar-.hatch wiskuftan.hate ken.hateful gizistag, zist.haughty abarmenisn.haunch haxt.have diistan.hawk baz.hazelnut bistag, pondik.he an, oy, P ho.head sar, waydan; (daevic) kamal.headman (district, tribe) zandbed,

(village) wisbed.heal besAz(en)-.healing (a.) besb.healing (n.) bcsaz(en)isnih.health drod, drustih, tandrostih.healthy drost, tandrust.hear ASnudan, niyo(x)sidan.hearing (a.) dsnawag.hearing (n.) asnawiigiha, ASnawisn,

niyo(x)sisn.heart dil.heat (n.) garmag, garmih, tabisn;

(she-animal) wardagih; on ......., war­dag.

heat (v.) taftan, (tabidan).heaven asman.hea'venly menog, spihrig.heaviness garanih.heavy garan.hedge parzin.hedgehog xiirpust, xukar(ag), zuzag.heel pasnag.height baliiy.heir namburdiir; enoken.held griftiir.hell dusox, dwarisn.hellish dusoxig.

ll~ ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

helmd targ.help (n.) ayarih, dastyarih, frayad,

frayadisn.lzelp (v.) ayiiridan, frayadidan.helper ayar, dastgir, dastyar.helpful ayaromand, frayadisnig.helpfulness ayaromandih.hemp san.hempen sanen.hempseed sahdanag.hen kark.henbane bang, mang.hence parron.herb marw, riirag ; fragrant ,....., sprahm.herd ram(ag).here edar.heresy ahlomoyih, duswurroyisnih,

j udristagih, zandikih; v. hetero­doxy.

heretic ahlo111.oy, j udristag, zandik.hero er, gurd, wir, yal; befitting a ,.....,

('rwar, gurdwiir.heroism gurdih.heterodoxy agdcnih; v. heresy.hide (n.) carm, post.hide (v.) nihuftan, (nihumbidan).hideolls duscihr.high horz, buland; on ,....., balistig.higher abar(dar).highest abardom, ayre, balist.hill griwag, kOf.hip haxt.hire mizd.hireling mizdwar.hit pahikaftan, zadan.hither or6n; awar!hold dastan, griftan.hold by, to pad . . . dastan.hole may, siirdg, siirax.holed siidtgomand.holiness pakih, yoJdahrih.hollow gabr.hollowness gabrih.holy abezag, pak, spenag, yoJdahr;

,....., word mansRrspand.homage, pay '"-' namaz burdan.home awarisn, mehan; (daevic) gilis-

tag.h(ml(I£{('Il('IIII.~ hamcwenag.hllmo1/lorllholls hmndesag.honest fraron; v. righteous.honesty fraronih.

honey anguben; ,..,-bee magasanguben.

honour (n.) azarm, azarmigih, burzisn.honour (v.) burzidan.honoured azarmig.hoofsumb.hoop cambar.hope emed, ummed.hopeful ummedwar.hopeless anummed.horn sru; (trumpet) gawdumb.horned srUwar.horny sruwen.horoscope zayc(ag).horrible aryand; V. terrible.horse asp, barag, star.horse-armour zenabzar.horseman aswar.horsemanship aswarih.hospitable wisad-dar.hospitality aspinj, mehmanih, spin-

janagih.host mezdban.hostile besburdar.hostility bes; bear,....., bes burdan.hot garm; grow""'" taftan.hour zaman(ag).house kadag, man(d), sray, xan(ag);

V. lady, master; '"-' and home xanud man.

household (retinue) gal; ,....., membermanig.

householder kadagxwaday.how Ciyan, ce-ewenag.how many, much candohuman being dopay, mardomzadag.humanity mardomih, mardom-

zadagih.humble erman(ag), ertan, narm.humility ermenisnih, ertanih.hump k6f.hundred sad.hunger gursagih, suy, suy.hungry gursag, gusnag.hunting-ground wiskar.hurt (n.), v. harm.hurt (v.) bistan, (besidan), residan.hurtful resken.husband gadar, merag, soy.husbandman wastaryos; V. farmer.husbandry wastaryosih; V. agricul-

ture.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 119

'huzwarish' uzwirisn.hyena haftir.hymn gih.hypocrisy pa(c)cibagih.

I az, man.ibex pizen.idol but, uzdes.idolater uzdesparist.idolatry dew-esnih / -ezagih, uzdes-

paristisnih.idol-temple uzdes-zar.if agar, ka; -- only kic.ignobility anerih.ignoble aner.ignorance adanih, pas-danisnih.ignorant adan, duJdinag, dusagah.ill dus-; v. sick.ill-born wad-gohr I -tohm.ill-breathing duJdaft.ill-doing duskunisn.illegal adid.illegality adadih.ill-natured wad-xem.illness wast(ag)ih, wemarih, xindagih,

yask.ill-spoken dus-gowisn.ill-thinking dusmenisn.illuminate abroxtan.illuminatiotl abrozisn(ih).illuminator rosngar.ill-will duskam.image nigarag, pahikar.immaculate anihid, awinast.immediately hamzaman.immobile arawig, awazisnig.immoderate apayman; v. excess,

deficiency.immoderation apaymanih.immortal ahos, amarg, anos(ag).immortality ahosih, amargih, anosa-

gih.immutability awardisnigih.immutable awardisnig.impair wizastan, (wizudan); v.

damage, injure.impalpable agriftar.impatient apattug.impede padirin(cn)idan.imperfect anuspurrig.imperishability asazisnih.imperishable afrasiwand, asazisn(ig).

impotence agiirih.impotent husk-kun.improper anabiiy.imprudent halag.impurity iihid.in andar(ag), pad.inabilitvanabzarih.inactive agar, armest.inactivity agiirih.incantation afson, nerang.incapable anabziir, aniidug.incline grayidan.incorrigible kordil.incorruptible apohisn.increase (n.) abzon, abzayisn, fri­

dahisnih, mehenisn.increase (vi.) abzudan, walidan,

waxsidan; (vt.) mehenidan.increasing abzonig.indeed xwad.indemnity gohrig.independent kamag-widiir / -xwadiiy

kam-ziwisn.indestructible anafsenisn.India Hindugan.Indian hindug.indigenous adehig.indigo nil.individual ewtag, ewazig.indolence aJgahanih, sudagih.indolent aJgahan, sudag.inevitable acar, awizirisnig.inexpiable anabuhlag.inferior aziskeh.infidel agden; v. heretic.infinite anagr; ,..", Light anagran,

anagr-rosn(ih).infirm anost; armest.infirmity armestih.inform agahenidan, azdenidan.ingratitude anespasih.inhabitant mehman.inheritance abarmind.inimical hamhasanig.iniquity kastarih.initiate dahm.injutlction handarz.injure aziirdan, (uza/urdan), wizastan,

(wizudan), xastan.injurious wizayisnig; v. harmful.injury aziirisn, iizarm, wizayisn,

wizend.

120 ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

injustice adadih, adadestanih.inn aspinj.innocent awinah, abewinah.innumerable amar, anosmar, asag.insert passaxtan.inside andaron.insight, spiritual """' menogwenih;

having....., ....., menogwen.insolvencyanadanih.insolvent anadiin.install abar nisastan.instantly hamzaman.instruct frahixtan.instrument abzar, zay; (stringed) rod.insult dusnam.intangible agriftar.intelligence frazanagih, os(ih).i,ttelligent frazanag.intend grayidan.intention menisn.intercalary (days) duzidag, truftag;

(year) wihezagig.intercession jadag-gowih.intercessor jadag-go(w).interest, v. profit.intermediary mayanJig.interpret wizardan.interpreter targumiin; ....., of dreams

xwamn-wizar.intertwine hambastan.intertfvining hambandisnih.intestine(s) rodig, uruspar.intimate hamdam.intoxicated mast(og).intoxication mastogih.introduction handemangarih.introducer handemingarinverted nigun.investigate wizostan.investigation wizoh/yisn.invisibility abaydagih.invisible abaydag, awenisnig.invocation azbayisn.invoke azbay-.invulnerability abesih.invulnerable abcs, abewizend.Iran(ian) , v. Eran(ian).iris herig.iron ahan; (a.) ahanen.irresponsible apursi~nig.

irrigate xwaren-.is (h)ast; """' not nest.

issue abaz raftan.item tag.itinerant wiyabanig.

jackal torag.jailer zendanban.jasmine yasaman.javelin sel.jaw erwiirag.jealous aresken.jealousy aresk.Jerusalem Urislim.jet sabag.Jew jahud.jewel gohr.jewelled pad-gohr.join abyoxtan, ayoxtan, (ayozidan),

paywastan.joined ewkard(ag).joke kadag.joy farroxih, sadih, urwahm(an)ih.joyful sad, urwahm(an).judge (n.) dadwar.judge (v.) handaxtan.judgement dadestiin, diidwarih;

handazisn, wizir.jug xumb.Jupiter (astr.) Ohrmazd.justice dad, dadestiin.

keep dastan, nigah dastan.keeper dastar.keeping nigahdar(isn)ih.key kilel.kid wahig.kidney g\irdag.kill kustan, ozadan.kin, next of""" nabiinazdist.kin-marriage xwedodah.kind (a.) mihrban.kind (n.) gon(ag), san, sardag, son;

of the same""" hamewenag.kindle (vi.) waxsidan; (vt.) abroxtan.kindness nazisn.king sah; ....., of kings sahansah.kingly siihwar.kinsman xwesawand.kiosk kosk.knead sristan.knee (u)snug, zanug.knife kard.knight, v. chess.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 121

knot grih.know danistan, snaxtan, uzwiirdan.knowing iigiih, diiniig, diinisnomand,

sniisag.knowledge iigiihih, diiniigih, diinisn,

frahang, sniisagih.known iisniig, azd.koumiss hur.

labour, forced""'" bcgir; v. 'lvork.lad redak.ladder pillagiin.ladle kafc.lady binug, narig; ""'" of the house

kadagbiinug.lair asyiin.lake war, zreh.lamb warrag.lament (n.) sewan.lament (v.) cidan, hangriiyidan.lamentation briimag, cehisn, gilag,

moyag.lamenting hangrudag.lammergeyer dalman.lamp ciray.lance nezag.land bum, deh, sahr.lane koy.langour tandih.language uzwiin, (zuwiin).languishing tand.lapis lazuli kasken; (a.) kaskenen.large frax, wehm; v. big.lark cakok.last (a.) abdom, pasen.last (v.) pattudan.lasting estisn.late (deceased) anosagruwan, hufra-

ward.laugh xandidan.lavatory camisn.law diid, diidestiin.lay (down) nibiistan; ""'" foundations

fragandan.layer tOC.laziness aJgahanih, sustih.lazy aJgahan, sust.lead (n.) arziz, srub.lead (v.) anidan, franaftan, hiixtan,

nidan, riiyenidan, ziimenidan,aden-; ""'" up ahriiftan.

leaden arzizen, sruben.

leader parwinag, pesiir, pesobiiy,siliir.

leadership parwiinagih, pesobiiyih.leaf wal/rg.lean griiyidan.learn hammoxtan; ....., by heart warm

kardan.learner hammoxtir.learning hammoxtiirih.learnt gososriid.least kahist, kamist, nidom; at ""'" pad

kamistih.leather carm, daw~il.

leather bag paywiisag; V. skin bag.leave histan.leech dewok, zalug.leek gandaniig.left(-hand) hoy(ag).leg piiy, padistiin.legal diidig.lemon balm wiidrangboy.length dra(h)niiy.lentil mijiig, wenog.Leo Sagr.leopard palang; hunting""'" yoz.leper, leprous pes.less keh, kern.lessen kiihenidan, kistan.lesser kehtar.lest rna agar.let histan.letter frawardag, niimag.level hamon, hamwar.liar drozan.libation zOhr.liberal rad.liberality riidih.Libra Tariiziig.lie (n.) dro.lie (v.) druxtan.lie down nibastan.life zindagih, zi(w)isn(ih).lift abriistan.light (a.) rosn; (weight) sabuk, xwar.light (n.) payrog, rosn(ih).lighten rozenidan.lightning rozag, wirozag.like (a.) ewsiin, hamog, hamsardag,

hawand, Manigolike (pr.) <:iyon, handazag i, hangos­

idag i, 0 ... homiiniig.like (v.) dosidan, passandidan.

122 ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

likeable passandisnig.likeness ewsanih, hangosidag, hawan-

dih, homanagih, managih.likewise hamedon, hamgonag.liking dosisn, passand(isn).lily sosan.limb handam, (hannam), pesag.limbo hammistagan.lime ~arug; (a.) ~arugen.

limit kanarag, karan, saman, wim­and.

limited brin, kanaragomand, wiman­dig, wimandomand; v. bounded,delimited.

line kis, radag.lineage gohr(ag).link band.lion sagr.lip lab.liquid susar.little andak, kam, ozarak, xwurd;

a '" ~egam-iz-e(w).

live zi(wi)stan; v. dwell.livelihood zi(w)isn.liver jagar.living (a.) ustanomand, zindag.

zi(w)isnomand.living (n.) zi(w)isnih.lizard karbas, karbunag.load bar, pustag.Loan abam.locks ges.locust kullag, mayg.logic ~imgowagih.

long dagr, dagrand, draz.long-lasting dagr-pattay.long-lived dagr-zi(w)isn.look (n.) nigah.look (v.) nigeridan, nigah kardan.look after zenenidan.loose (a.) harzag; wisad.loose (v.) wisadan.loosen wiyoz-.loosing hilisn.lord axw, bay, sahryiir, xwaday; '" of

the land dahibed.lordly xwadiiywar.lordship xwadayih.loss appiirih, zyan.lost wany; (stray) apedag.lot bahr.lotus nilopal.

loud borzwang.louse spis.love (n.) d6stih, dosagih, dosaram,

mihr.love (v.) dosidan.loving dosag.lower, past.low-born wad-gohr I -tohm.lowland garmser.lucerne aspast.lunar mansion xwurdag.lunch cast.lung sus.lust arzog, az, waran, waranigih.lute tambur, win.lying drozan; (prostrate) nibem.lyre barbut, kennar; v. harp.

mace gad, warz, (wazr).mad dewanag.madder royan.made, be '" kirih-.magic jadiigih, kundagih.magician jadiig, ked, kundag.magnify mehenidan.magpie kiisken(ag) murw.Magus moymard; v. priest.maid kanig, kanizag, paristar.maiden dosizag.maidenhood dosizagih.maintenance darisn, jadarih.majestic rayomand.majesty sk6h; S.V. bay.make kardan, saxtan.male gusn, nar.maleficent aniig-kardar.malevolence duskam, wadkiimagih.malevolent wadkamag.malice ken.malicious kenig.man mard, wir; (--kind) mardom; the

First - Gayomart; old - zarman;young - merag.

manager kiirframan.mane basn, bus.manger iixwarr.Ma7lichaean zandik.manifest nigerisnig; v. obvious, visible.mankind mardom.manliness mardanagih.manly mardiinag, nar.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 123

manna tabarzad.manner brahm(ag), ewen(ag), handa­

zag, hangosidag, ristag, san, son,edonih.

manure sargen.many was, wasyar; so,.,., and, candomarch (border) marz; ,.,., warden,

margrave marzoban.mare madiyan.marigold hamewahar.marjoram marzangos.mark daxsag, dros(om), nisan.marked daxsagomand.market wazar.marking~nut baladur.marriage zanih; ,.,., feast wayodagiin.marriage portion kaben.marrow mazg.Mars Wahram.marten xaz.marvel abd sahistan.marzipan lawzenag.mask padam.mast frasp, stun(ag).master awestad, rad, salar; ,.,., of the

house kadagxwaday, manbed.mastery abarozih.material astwand, astomand.matter xir, kard; (physical) madist.maturation pazzamisn.mature pazzam-, 0 payman madan,

rasidan.mQ'l(J zafar.Mazdaism miizdesnih.Mazdean mazdesn, wehden;

scriptures abestag.meadow ray; v. pasture.meal bazm, cast, mezd, sur; evening

,..., sam.mean pen; xwar.meaning tim.meatiness penih.means abzar, car.measure (n.) handazag, payman(ag);

(time, length) hasar, v. Appendix(vii); grain"'" griw, kabiz.

measure (v.) paymudan.meat gMt, pid; pickled xiimiz;

potted ,...., haHim.mediation mayanjigih.mediator mayanjig.medicament darug.

medicinal besaz, bijagan; plantrurag.

medicine darman.meek narm; v. humble.meet, come to"'" 0 padirag madan.meeting padiragih.melody niwag.melt widaxtan.melted, be ,.,., widazihistan.member handam, (hannam), pesag.memoir ayiidgar.memorize warm kardan.memory ayad, ayasisn(ih), daxsag,

warm, wir, wiromandih.menstrual cycle dastanmah.menstruation dastan.menstruous dastan(omand).merchant wazaragan.merciful abaxsayisnig.merciless anamurzid.mercilessness anamurzisn.Mercury Tir.mercy abaxsayisn, amurzisn; have '"

abaxsayidan, amurzidan.merry wiyufsisnig; V. happy; make--

wiyufs-.merrymaking spaxr, wiyufsisn.message paygam.messenger astag, bayaspan, paygam-

bar.metal ayoxsust, xwen-ahan.metallic ayoxsusten.metamorphosis wardisn; V. transfor~

mation.midday nemroz; -- heat rabih.middle mayan; nemtan.middling mayanag.midget widestig.might sezd, tuwan.mighty kardagar, sezdcn, tuwanag;

v. powerful.migrant kardag.milch denodag.mild carbomilk (n.) jiw, pem, sir; sour'" mast.milk (v.) doxtan, (dosidan).mill (n.) asyiib, iisyiig.mill (v.) ardan.millennium hazumg.millet alum, arzan; giant ,.,., gahl,

gawars.millstone iisyag.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

mind axw, miinag, wiirom, wir.mindful, be ...... of ayiisidan, (ayiistan).minister dastwar; prime ...... wuzurg-

framiidiir.minor (sins) xwiirtar.minute (of arc) lipi.miracle warz, widimas(ih).miraculous power, having ...... warz~

iiwand.mirror ewenag.miserly pen.misery niyaz.misfortune astiinag, duSfarragih,

dus(x)warih, petyiirag.misrule dUSxwadiiyih; v. evil rule.mission astagih, bayaspanih.mist mey, mizne.mistress kadagbiinug.Mithra Mihr.mix abyoxtan, amextan, gumextan,

sristan.mixing, mixture amezisn, gumezisn,

gumezag(ih), gumeg.mobile wazisnig.mocker afsosgar.mockery afsos, riyahrih.moderate paymiinig.moderation paymiin(igih).modesty nang.modius griw.moist naft, tarr, xwed.moisture nam, xwedih.monkey kabig.month miih, mahigiin.moon iiyism, mah; full ...... purrmah;

new -- andarmah.more fray, freh, wes.moreover enyii.morning bamdiid.morocco leather saxtag.mortal anosxwar, gehanig, marg-

omand, osomand, sazisnig.mortar hawan; (lime) carGg.mosque mazgit.mosquito paxsag.most frahist.mother miid(ar).motion jumbiigih, Jumbisn, rawisn;

set in -- rawagcnidan.mottled pes.mount barag, stor.mountain gar, kOf.

mourn eidan.mournful eehisnig.mouse musk.mouth daMn; (daevic) zafar.movable wihezagig.move ewarzidan, jumbidan, raftan,

wazidan, wihez-; ...... quickly seb-;cause to -- jumbenidan, wiizidan.

moved, be ...... jumbihistan.movement eandisn, ewarz, Jumbisn,

wiizisn, wihez(ag).moving ewarzig.mow drudan.much aber, fray, freh, was, wasyiir;

as""" as, however ...... and eand; so-­and, cando

mud laJan.music niwag.musician huniyagar.musk musk.mussuck mask; small ...... maskizag.must (n.) biidag.must (v.) abiiy-.mustard seed spandiin.mutability wardisn(ig)ih.muzzle poz(ag).myriad bewar.myrobalan halilag.myrtle mord.mystery raz.

nail mcx; (finger) naxun, sru.naked brahnag.name niim.naphtha naft.narcissus nargis.narrow tang.narrowness tangih.natural eihrig, gohrig.nature Cihr(ag), gohr(ag); ciyunih;

xem, xog.navel nMag.navigable naydag.near nazd(ik).necessary abiiyisnig; be ....., abayistan.

(andar) aMy-.necessity abayisn.neck gardan, griw.neck~guard griwban.need astiinag, niyaz.needle sozan.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

needy astanag<>mand, driyos, niyaz.omand.

negligence sudagih.negligent sudag.negro zangig.neighbour hamsayag.nest asyan(ag).net dam.never hagriz.new HOg.1lew-born nogzad(ag).New Year's day nogroz.news, good'" niwe.nice xwas.niggardly pen.night sab; last,.." dos.night raid sabixon.nimble cabuk, scbag.nine no.nineteen nozdah.ninety nawad.ninth nohom.no ne; ee.nobility erih.noble abarmanig, asnud(ag), Oisni·

dag), azad, aznawar, er, pesenig.11Obody kas·iz.node of the moon Gozihr-dumb j·sar.noise pattan; v. soundnon-Aryan aner.non-essential jadisnig.non·existence anastih, nestih.non·existent anast.non-Mazdean kMdiir; v. heretic.noon rabih.north abaxtar.nose wenig.not ne, ma; ...... any ec; '" at all

hambun, tis-iz.notice mirdan, osmurdan.notoriety casmagahih, dusrawih.notorious casrnagah, dusraw.nourish parwardan, parwal-.nourishment parwiil(isn), parwarisn.now nun; had.noxious creature xrafstar.number mareag), sag.nuptials wayodagan.nurse, (wet·) dayag.nursing, nurture dayaganih.

oath sogand, war.

obedience ekanagih.obedient ekanag, framanburdar,

srosig.obligation frez, tawan.obligatory frezbjwanig.observation nigerisn.observe nigeridan, nis-.obsidian sabag.obstinacy starnbagih, wastarih.obstinate starnbag, wastar.obtain ayaftan, windadan.obvious iiskadg, casmagah, casmdid,

paydag, rosnag.occasion bar, Jar, hangam.occur jastan.offence agrift.offering mezd, parag, us(t)Ofrit, zohr.offspring frazand, paywand, zahag;

(daevic) hunusak.often bastan.oh! alii.oil carbisn, royn.oily carb.old kahwan, meh, pir; v. age.oleaginous earbisnomand.olive zayt.omen jadag, Jahisn, murwag.on abar, pad.onager gor.once ewbar.one ek, ew.oneirocritic xwarnn-wizar.onlyewaz.open (a.) wisad.open (v.) abaz kardan, wisadan; (the

mouth) wiyiiftan.opinion, of the same""" hamdadestan.opponent hambajedig, hambasan,

harnemal, hamestar.opposing hambasanig, jud-dadestiin.opposite mih; juttarih.opposition hamernaIih, hamestarih,

padiragih.oppress awistaftan.oppressed handraxtag.oppression awistab, handraxtagih,

pazd, stahm, stahrn(ag)ih, starn­bagih.

oppressive stahmag, starnbag.or ayab.orchard bay.ordeal war; heat'" garrnowar(ih).

126 ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

order (no) framan, framayi~n.

order (v.) framudan; win(n)ardan.ordinary ~onig 0

organization rayenidarih.organize rayenidan; v. arrange.origin Cihr(ag), fragan.ornament payrayag.Orontes Arwand.oryx xarbuz.ossuary astodan, hazzan.other abarig, any, (ani-z).otherwise enya, juttar.otter udrag.outcome hanJam.out(side) be(ron).outstrip andar widardan.oval xayagdes.oven tanur.over abar, tar, tarist.overcome stowenidan, tarwenidan,

wanidan.over-confidence wastarih.over-confident wastar.overflow a~ixtan.

overseer karframan.overstep spoxtan.owl bUf/g.own xwes; make one's"'" xwesenidan.ox gaw.

pace gam.pact pa~t(ag); v. bond, treaty.page (boy) redak, rahig.Pahlavi pahlawig.pail hezag, dol.pain bes, dard, pim.painless adard.paint (picture) nigar-.pair Juxt.palace dar, darbas, k6sk, sahigan.palace superintendent darigbed.pang pim.paradise garodman, (garasmiin),

wahist; (worthy) of"'" garodmanig,wahistig.

paragraph darak.parasang frasang.pardon (n.) hilisn.pardon (v.) histan.part bahr, bazisn, parag, pesag,

sraxtag.Parthian pahlawig.

particle xwurdag.particular ewazig, waspuhragan; in---

pad namCist.partner hambay, hambaz.partridge kabk, tihog.pass sazistan, widardan, (widastan);

let...., widar(i)dan.passage widar, widarag.passing sazisn, widerisn(ih).pastern xwurdagopasture carag, wastal"'path pand, widarag.patience barestanih, burdih, bur­

darih, pattugih, skebagih.patient barestan, burd, pattug,

skebagopavilion kosk, mask; ro:)'ol ...., mask-

abarzen.paw panJag.pawn v. chess.pay mizd.peace iisanih, iiStih, drod, ram(isn);

give ~ ramenidan.peaceful asan, hammist, riimisnig.peach siftah1g.peacock fras(a)murw.peak balen, basn, cagad, terag.pear urmod.pearl morwarid.peasant warzigar.peck (measure) griw.peer hamahl, hamal, hamtag.peg mex.penance petit.penis ker.penitence petitigih, pasemanih.penitent petitig, paseman.penniless aganJ.pentad panjag.people mardom, payram; other"'" kar.perceive mardan.perception boy, marisn.perceptive marag, rnarisnomand.perch nisem.perennial salwar.perfect (a.) bowandag, hangirdig,

(u)spurrig.perfect (v.) frazaftan.perfected, be...., frazaftan.perfection spurrigih.perform fraz griftan,!kardan,wizardan.performer kunisngar; V. entertainer.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 127

perfume boyenidan.perhaps rna agar.period drang, payman(ag).perish abesihidan.perishable frasawand, sa:tisnig.permanence asazisnih, estisn.permanent asazisnig.perpetual Jawedanag.persecution pazd.perseverance pattiigih.persevering pattiig.Persian parsig; v. Eranian.person kas, tan, P kec.perspiration xwey.perspire xwistan.persuade haxtan.persuasion hazisn.perverse tarmenisn.perversity tarmanih, tarmenisnih.pheasQ1lt tadar(w).philosopher filasMa.phlegm drem.physician bizdk, drustabed.physicist gohrag-danag.physics cihr-snasih.physique tanbahr.pickled meat xamiz.picture pahikar, nigarag.piece parag; (backgammon, etc.)

muhrag.pierce suftan.pig xiig.pigeon kabod, kabotar.pile up cidan.pillar stiin(ag).pillow balen, balis.pious dahm, kirbagig; v. righteous.Pisces Mahig.pistachio nut pistag; -- tree wan

gurganig.pit cah, may.pitcher xumb.pitchfork sanag.pity amurzidan.place (n.) gah, gyag; propel' _. dadgah.place (v.) nihadan.plain dast, ray.plaintiff pesemal.plan handaxtan.plane (tree) cinar.planet abaxtar; the 7) planets

haftan.

planll taxtag.planner handaxtiir.plant (n.) urwar; medicinal,..." riirag;

useless,..." ziiz.plant (v.) nisastan.plaster (n.) dos, gac; (a.) dosen,

gacen.plaster (v.) handiidan.platform sadurwan.play (n.) wazig.play (v.) wazidan; (instrument)

sriidan, (flute) pazd-.pleasant xwaS.pleasantness xwasih.please snayenidan.pleasing hudosag.pleasure dosisn, passand, ramisn,

urwahm(an)ih, xwasih; giveramenidan.

pledge graw(ih), graw(a)gan.plenty fraxih.plough es.ploughing (ox) warzag.pluck (hair, etc.) riidan.poison zahr, wis.poisonous wisomand.Polaris Mex i gah.pole (measure) nay.polish abroxtan.poll-tax gazidag.pollute aliidan.polluted aliidag.pollution ahidih, nasrust(ih).polo, ---stick caw(la)gan.pomegranate anar.pond sadurwan.pool warm.poor driyos, skoh.poplar sped-dar.populous abad.porcupine xarpust.portico dahliz.portion bahr, jad(ag), kardag, parag.portionless abahr.possessions gramag, xwesih; v. pro-

perty.possible, it is""" sayed; tuwan.post-(horse) bayaspanig.posterior nisem.pound kMtan, kostan.pour asixtan, rextan, taxtan, tazen­

idan; -- out wextan.

128 ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

poverty driyosih, niyazomandih,skohih.

power abziir, amawandih, nerog, oz,stahm, tuwiin, zor.

powerful ahzar, amawand, kamgar,nerogomand, ozomand, padixsa(y),piidyawand, warzawand, zorig,zoromand.

powerless abiidixsa(y), abiidyawand,agar; become _. agarihistan; render,......, agarenidan.

powerlessness abiidixsiiyih.practise warzidan.praise (n.) afrin, hurzisn, niyayisn,

stayisn, snayisn.praise (y.) afridan, burzidan, studan,

(stayidan), snayidan.praiseworthy burzisnig, stiiyisnig.prayer namaz, niyayisn; ahunawar,

afrinagan, homast.precisely gokiinig.prefer wizidan.pregnancy iibusih.pregnant abestan, abus(tan), zahag-

omand.prejudice wizastan, (wizudan).preparation passazisn, wirayisn(ih).prepare arastan, passaxtan, siixtan,

wirastan.prescribed zamanig.presence handcmiinih; in the ,......, of

handeman.present frawardan.preservation darisn.preserve (n.) ambag.preserve (v.) dastan, zenenidan.preserver dastar.press afsurdan.prevent abaz dastan.prey, Y. quarry; (bird) of""'" skarag.priest asro, asron, dastwar, herbed,

mowbed, miinsarbar; ,......, hostile toZoroaster karb; first officiating ,....,zot; second officiating""" raspig.

priestly office asroih, herbedih; ......,school herbedestan; studiesherbedestanih.

prime minister wuzurg-framadar.principal madagwar, wiispuhr.principle bunistag.prison zendan.

risoner wardag, zendanig; Y. captive.

privilege abarmand.proceed franaftan, raftan.process (law) diidestan.produce (n.) bar.produce (y.) andar iiwurdan.profess (faith) franiiftan.professing astawan.profession franamisn; Y. belief.profit bar, nirmad, sog, sud, waxs.profitable nirmadomand, sudabgar.profitless abesiid.profitlessness abesiidih.progress (n.) fradahisnih.progress (y.) wihez-.progression rastag; wih,ez(ag).prolific baromand.promise (n.) padist(ag).promise (y.) padist (abar) burdan,

padistadan.promote franaftan, abgar-.promotion franamisn.prong sm.propagate franaftan, rawagenidan.proper, be""" saz-; seem""'" sahistan.properly pad ewen.property ladag, Jadisn; (possessions)

xwastag.prophecy kedigih.prophet wadwar; Y. apostle.prophethood waxswarih.propitiate snay(en)idan.propitiation snuman.proportion paymanag.proprietyewen(ag).prosecution pesemalih.prosper walidan; make......, fdixenidan,

padexenidan.prosperity abad(an)ih, bahromandih,

drod, friixih, padexih.prosperous abiid(an), bahromand,

frax, padex.prostrate nibem.prostration namaz.protect padan, pahrextan, srayidan;

(by spell) afsudan.protected pad-panag.protection magind, panAgih, panahih,

pasbanih, pust, pustibanih, sray­isn, zenhar.

protector panlg, panah, nigastar.protoplasm madist.proud abarmenisn.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 129

prove uzmudan.provide abgar-.provided bahrwar.providence bayobaxt.pro'nince awestam, nahang, paygos,

rostag, sahrestan.provision bahrwarih; tosag, xwarbar.provoke sarenidan.proximity nazdikih.public tasmagah.pudenda sarmgah.pull (n.) ahang.pull (v.) kesidan; -- out, v. pluck; --

up ahixtan.pulse miS.punishment dros, padifrah, puhl.pupil hasagird, hawist; (of eye)

syahag, tidag.pure abezag, agumeg, asnud(ag),

(asnidag), pak(izag), yoJdahr.purification yoJdahrgarih; ritual

badnum.purified asnud(ag), (asnidag).purifier yoJdahrgar.purify paludan, wextan.purity abezagih, agumegih, pakih,

yoJdahrih.purple argawan.purpose tim, kam(ag).purposeful timig.purulence rem.purulent reman.put nihadan; -- on posidan, paymox­

tan.

quadruped ~aharpay.

quail karak.quake tandidan, wizandidan.quaking wizandag; wizandisn.quality (accidental) Jadisn.quantity ~andih.

quarrel stezag.quarry (prey) nax~ir.

queen biimbisn; v. chess.question fralin, pursisn.quick ray, tez, zud.quiddity ~eih.

quince beh.quiver kantigr.

rabbit xargos.C6684

race-course aspres.radiance brazisn; v. brilliance.radiant brazisnig.raid, night -- sabixOn.rain (n.) waran.rain (v.) waridan, wa!itan.rainy waranig.raise abrastan, ahdiftan.ram wariin, warrag.rampant zandag.rank radag; without ...... agah.rat musk.raw xam.ray tex.raze kandan.razor awestarag.reap drlidan.rear pasih.rearrange abaz wiriistan.reason tim, wihiin(ag); xrad; without

...... abetim.rebellion abiizsiirih.rebellious abazsar, mustgar.receive padiriftan.recent nog.reception padirisn.receptive ayabag.recitation srayisn.recite srudan, yastan.reckless gyanabespar.reckon amar-, handaxtan, hangardan,

osmurdan.reckoner iimargar.reckoning amar(isn), hangarag, mar,

osmarag, osmarisn.recognize sniixtan.record karnamag.rectitude ardayih.red karmir, suxr.reddish-brown bor.redeem boxtan, wiziirdan.redemption wizarisn; V. salvation.reed nay, nayizag.reed-bed nayestan.reflect handesidan.reflection handesisn, uskarisn(ih).refrain pahrextan.refreshment parwal.refuge abestiimfn, panah; take -- with

pad paniih griftan.region kiswar; v. district.register daftar.

J{

13° ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

regret abaxs; v. repentance.regretful abaxsawand.reign sahryarih; v. sovereignty.reject anaftan, spoxtan.rejection spozisn.rejoice urwazistan.rejoicing urwazisn.relationship bradarodih.relation, relative hamtohmag, xwes-

awand; bradarod.reliability awestwiirih, ostiganih.reliable awestwar, ostigan.religion den; v. Mazdaism, heresy;

good, evil.religious denig.remain (abaz) mandan, (manistan),

padan, pattudan; -- over parrextan.remedy car; darman.remember ayad kardan, ayasidan,

(ayastan), pad daxsag diiStan,osmurdan.

remiss mandag.remote duroremoval apparih, franiimisn.remove franaftan, ogardan.removed appar.rend kirrenidan.renown namigih.renowned namig.repentance abaxsih, pasemanih.repentant abaxs, paseman.reply paywaz-.report srawenidan.repose, V. rest.reproach awenisn.reptile xrafstar.repudiating nakkira.repudiation nakkirayih.repute, good""" husrawih.request pahikardan; v. ask.resemblance managih.resemble man-.resembling manag.reservoir warm.residence nisemag; V. dwelling.resignation barestiinih, widwarih.resigned barestan, widwar.resonance pattan.resonant pattanomand.respect azarm, azarmigih, gramigih,

tars, tarsAgiihih.respected azarmig.

respectful tarsagah.response paywazag, paywazisn.responsible pursisnig.rest (n.) asanih, asayisn, haspin.rest (v.) asodan, wisay-.Restoration fras(a)gird.restore wirastan.restrain abaz dahan, griftan,

padiran(en)idan.restrained padiran.resurrection ristaxez.reticence paduzwanih.reticent paduzwan.retreat for menstruous women das-

tanestan.retribution padasn, padifrah..return wastan.reveal askadgenidan, paydagenidan.revealed paydag; be ,...., paydagihistan.revelation iiskarAgih.revelry spaxr; V. merrymaking.revenge ken.reverence namiiz, tarsAgiihih.reverent tarsAgiih.reverse juttarih.revive ziwenidan.reviver zindakkar.revolution gardisn.revolve gardidan.reward mizd, padiisn, diisar.rhinoceros karg.rib pahlug.rice brinj.rich hangad, rayomand, tuwangar,

was-xwiistag.richness tuwiingarih; V. wealth.rider aswiir.ridge griwag, teXtriding aswarih.right drust.righteous ahlii, ahlaw, arda, do,

fraron.righteousness ahlawih, ahlayih,

ardayih, friironih.right-hand dasnag.right-mindedness bowandag-menisn-

ih.rightness drustih.ring, V. finger.ripen pazzam-; cause to -- pazzaftan,

pazziimenidan.ripening pazziimisn.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 13 1

,'ise abar amadan, abar iixistan, ulamadan.

"ival bradarod,rivalry bradarodih.river rod; - bank rodbar ; - bed

rostag.roar yarranidan.roaring yarranisn.roast briStan.rob rubudan j v. steal.robber apparag; highway.- rahdar.robbery appar, rob.rock sang, wem.Roman hromayig.Rome Hrom.roof askob.roof-tree frasp.rook, v. chess.root resag.rope arwes, rasan, ristag, wandag.rose gul.rotten pudag; v. corrupt.rottenness pudagih.rough druSt.round gird(ag).roundness girdih.rouse wigdidan, (gubras-).row radag, rastag.royal sahwar.rub mustan, sudan, rob-.ruby yakand.rue sudab.ruin(ation) abesihisn(ih), tabahih,

wany(b)udih.ruined awerag. aweriin, tabiih; be .-

tabahihistan.ruler dahibed, piidixSii(y), sahryiir.rump kim.run dawidan, (dawistan), poy-, tax­

tan, (tazidan)j (daevic) dwiiridan,(dwiiristan) j cause to .- tiixtan,tazenidan.

running (a.) poyisnig, taziigj (n.) tag.

sable samor.sacrifice hiidoxt.sad andiig(g)en, andohgen, zarig-

omandj v. sorrowful.saddle kOfag, zen.saddle-bag biirjiimag.safe abewizend.safJlower zardak.

saffron kurkum.Sagittarius Nem-asp.sail wadban.sake, for the - of padisay, ray.salh'a xayug.salt namak; (land) sorag.salty sor.salutation erkas.salvation boxtagih, boxtarih, bozisn.same ham-.sanctification yoJdahrgarih.sand reg.sandalwood <::andal.sapling nihal.sated, satiate sagr.satiety sagrih.satisfaction hupassandagih, sahisn,

snomag.satrap sasab.satrapal sasabigiin.Saturn Kewiin.save boxtan.saved boxtag.sa'viour boxtiir, SMyans.say guftan, P wiixtan.saying wiizag.scales tarazug.scatter afSiindan, pargandan.scent (n.) boy.scent (v.) boyenidan.scented boyag, boydiir.schismatic Jud-ristagj v. heretic.school dibirestiin, frahangestiin,

herbedestiin.scorch dazidan.scorn afsos, riyahrih.scorpion, Scorpio gazdum.scoundrel mar.scratch randidan.scribe dibir.scribeship dibirih.scriptures nibeg; abestiig, gahan,

hiidamansar, diid.sea draya(b), zreh.seal (n.) muhr.seal (v.) iiwistan.seam darz.sea-shore drayii(b)-biir.season iiwiim.seat (n.) nisemj foremost .- pesgiih.seat (v.) (abar) nisiistan.second didom, dudigar.

132 ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

secrecy nihiin.secret-(a.) nihiinig, tiizig..~ecret (n.) raz.sect ristag.sectary kesdiir; Y. heretic.section kardag; darak, had.security graw(ih), graw(a)gan.sedentary manistag.see didan, nis-.seed Cihr(ag), dan(ag), t6hmag, tom;

having many -s was-tohmag.seeing (a.) weniig.seeing (n.) weniigih, wenisn.seek xwiistan.seem, - proper sahistan.seemly abiiyisnig.seethe ayardidan.select (a.) pad-wizen.select (y.) wextan, wizidan.selection wezisn.selective wizengar.self griw, xwad, xwestan.selfhood xwadih.self-indulgence xwad-dosagih.self-indulgent xwad-dosag.sell froxtan.semen susar.send fresta/idan, wise kardan,

zamenidan.senior mehtar.sense boy, sohisn, snasag.senseless abeboy, aboy, abeos.senselessness abeboyih, aboyih,

abeosih.sensitive marag, sohisnig.separate (a.) jud(ag).separate (y.) wextan, wisandan,

wiskidan, wizardan.separated, be - wizihidan.separation judagih, wisiinisn(ih),

wiskin(n)isn, wiziir, wizihisn(ih).sepulchre astodiin.series rastag.serious gadin.serpent garzag, kirm.servant bandag, kadagig, kardespiis,

paristag, peskiir.serve paristidan; - (food) frawardan.service paristagih, paristisn, spiis.sesame kunJid.set histan, nisastan; (sun) andar

s\'dan.

set about pardaxtan o.settle bunag dastan.settled manistag.settlement walan.seven haft.seventeen haftdah.seventy haftad.sever b(u)ridan.severe(ly) drust, saxt.severity drustih, saxtih.sewer kahas.shade, shadow siiyag.shake down wisan-.shallow tanuk.shame (n.) nang, pafSirisn(ih), sarm.shame (y.) pafsar-.shank zang.shape cihr, klilbod.shapely wimehgen.share bahr, lad(ag).sharp burag, tez, tund.sharpness tezih.shave awestardan.she = he.sheep mes, pah.sheepfold, -pen pahast.sheet clidur.shell post.shelter war.shepherd pandg, !lubiin.shield magind, spar.shine brlizidan, drafsidan, frogih-

istan, tMtan, (tiibidan).shining brazisnig; Y. bright.ship kastig.shiver larzidan.shoe kafs, mog, mozag.shoe-maker kafSgar.shoot (n.) spig.shoot (y.) wistan.shore bar.short gisnag, kiik.shortcoming frodmand; v. deficiency.shoulder dos, suft; ,...,,-blade freg,

!lanag.show nimiidan.sick, V. ill.sickle das.sickness, V. illness.

. side alag, karan, kust(ag), nemag,pahliig, sog, sraxtag.

side-dish amiz.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 133

sift wextan.sigh swahistan.sight wenagih, wenisn, didar.sign daxsag, nisan.silent tust, xiimos.silk abresom; shot -- stabrag; v.

damask.silken abresomen.silvan wesagig.silver (a)sem; (a.) asemen.similar hawand; v. like.similarity hiiwandih; v. likeness.similarly hamMon.simurgh sen-murw.sin abaronih, astar, bazag(ih), man­

dag, winah; degrees of -- agrift,aniibuhlag, ardus, bazizanisnih,framan, oyrist, tanapuhl, xwar,yat; cause to -- iistarenidan.

since (cj.) ce, ed ray ce, ka; (pr.)az ... oron.

sinew pay.sinful abiiron, bazakkar, druwand.sinfulness winahgarih.sing srudan.singing srayisn.single ewtag, tag.sinner bazakkar, dabr, winahgar.Sirius Tistar.sissoo tree Jay.sister xwah(ar).sisvmbrium sisimbar.sit- (abar) nisastan.six sas.sixteen si'izdah.sixty sast.size wuzurgih, zaha, zahih.-sized -masiiy.skilful hudast, nezuman(ig).skill abziir, hunar, hunarawaridih,

kariigahih, kirrogih, nezumiinih.skilled abzaromand, frahixtag,

hunarawand, hunaromand, kar­agah, kirrog.

skimmer kafc.skin carm, dawal, post; toz; (a.) post­

en; --bag hamban, mask i ....., 'table­cloth'maskizag.

skull mastarg.sky asman, spihr.slack sust.slackness sustih.

slander spazgih.slanderous spazg.slave ansahrig.sledgehammer potk.sleep (n.) xwab, xwamn; biisasp.sleep (v.) xuftan, nibastan.sleeping-platform biilengah.sleepless axwamn.slime kaf, laJan.slope, v. acclivity, declivity.sloth busiisp.small gisnag, kam, keh, kodak,

kuc(ak), kiik, nihang, ozarak,xwurd; ....., thing xwurdag.

smaller keh(tar).smallest nidom.smallness xwurdagih.smear handudan.smell(n.) boy; hamboyagih, hamboy-

isn.smell (vi.) boyidan; (vt.) hamboy-.smite zadan; v. hit, beat.smiter zadiir.smiting zanisn.smoke dud.snake garzag, mar; (viper) sebag.snare dam, talag.snatch rubiidan.sneeze snosag.snout poz(ag).StlOW snexr, snezag, wafr.so edon, hamgonag, oh, Owon.so-and-so wAhman.so many and, candoso that (ku) ta, P yad.sodomite kunmarz, wiftag.sodomy kiinmarz.soft narm.soJourn manisn.soldier laskarig; v. warrior.soldiering laskarigih.sole ewiiz.sole-created ekdiid.solvent iidiin.some cand, ewcand.somebody kas, P kec.son frazand, pus(ar).son-in-law diimad.song cegamag, niwag, srod.sonship frazandih.soon(est) ahy.soothsayer ked, kundig, murw-nis.

134 ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

soothsaying kedigih.sophist sofista.sorcerer Jadug.sorcery Jadl1gih.sore res.sorghum gahl, gawars.sorrel (horse) sed.sorrow andag, andoh, bes, pim,

temar, zarig.sorrowful andag(g)en, andohgen,

besomand, pimgen, zarigomand.sort gon(ag), sardag.soul frawahr, fraward, griw, gyan,

ruwan, uStan.sound awaz.soup kiimag; spedbag, abkamag.sour tru(f)s.source bunxan, casmag, xan(ig),

zahabag.south nemroz, rapihwin.southern rapihwintar.sovereign bhryar; v. king, ruler.sovereignty padixSayih, sahryarih,

xwadayih.sow afsandan, kistan.space spas.spacious frax.spade bel.span (hand-) widest.span-sized widestig.sparrow winJisk.speak dranJidan, guftan, P waxtan;

(daevic) dawidan, drayidan.speaker gowag, guftar.spear fras, sel.special waspuhragan.speciality waspuhraganih.speckled pad.speech dranJisn, gowisn, guftarih,

saxwan, wiz; v. good, evil.speechless agowag.speed tagigih, tezih, zl1dih.spell afson, marig, nerang, sraw,

mansar.sphere (heaven) spihr.spice abzar.spindle dok.spirit menog(ih), wad, waxs; --s

yazdan; v. good, evil.spiritual gyanig, menogig, ruwiinig,

waxSig.spirituality menog(ig)ih.

spit (roasting) wardanag.spittle xayug.spleen spul, spurz.splendid huskoh, P nisag.splendour abrang, bam, brah,

xwarrah.split darridan, skaftan, wisistan.spoil wimustan, winahidan.spoilt anast(ag), mudag, tabah,

winastag.spoon kafcag.spotted pad.spread afSandan, wistardan.spring, v. source.spring(time) wahar, afsiilan, medyo-

zarm; (a.) waharig.sprinkle passinJidan.sprinkling passinJisn.sprout spig.stable axwarr, storgah.stagger skarwidan.stagnant hammist.stain iihid.stalk ewan.stand awistadan, estiidan, padan; ,.."

up axistan.standing stendag.star axtar, star, starag.starch-jelly paludag.stater (coin) ster.station payag.stature balay, basn; of the same ,.."

hambasn, hamtan.stay abaz padan, mandan, (manistan),

pattiidan, win(n)irdan.steal appurdan, duzidan.stealing apparisn.steel almas(t), polawad; (a.) poliiwad-

en.stem wan, (bun); v. stalk.stench gand, gandagih, dujgandih.step gam.step up abar dxramidan.steps pillagan.steward madayiir.stick cob.still ahanuz.stimulate hangextan.sting gazidan.stinking gandag, dujgand.stir up hangextan.stoat kiikom.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 135

stock gohr(ag), tohmagj v. good, stem.stolen duzidag, truftag.stomach kumig; v. belly.stone sa(n)g; fruit -- ast(ag).stony sagen j -.. place sangsar.store hambar, hamaber.story afsan.stout frabih.straight rast.strain (filter) paliidan.strange(r) anodag, beganag.straw kah, P wiis; giyiihizag, niiyizag.stray apedag; v. astray.stream joey).street koy, srat.strength amiiwandih, nerog, oz,

piidyiiwandih, saxtih, stabrih,tagigih, zor.

stride (n.) giim.stride (v.) Axriimidan.strife ayozisn(ih), ko(x)sisn, stezag.strike (n.) snah.strike (v.) pahikOftan, zadan.string ristag, wandag.strive iiyozidan, ko(x)sidan, tuxsidan.striving tUxSisn; v. endeavour.strong amiiwand, nerogomand, osti­

gan, ozomand, pad-nerog, piidyii­wand, saxt, stabr, stahmag, sur,tagig, zorig, zoromand.

stronger abaroz.stronghold iiwahan; v. fortress.strophe wa~ast.

struggle (n.) jang, nibard, pahikiir.struggle (v.) iiyozidan, ko(x)sidan; V.

fight.strut Axriimidan.study (n.) osmiirisn.study (v.) osmurdan.stuff iigandan.stumble skarwidan.stunned, stupefied stard.stupefaction stardih.stupid dusiigiih.stupidity dusiigiihih, stardih.subject dar.submission ekiinagih.submissive ekiinag, framiinburdiir.subordinate aziskeh.substance gohr(ag); of the same

hamgohr.substitute gohrig.

subtle biirig/k.suburb parwiir.success kiimag-hanJiimih.successful kiimag-hanjiim I -widiir,

kiimrawiig.suck mezidan.suffer widiir(i)dan; V. endure.suffering (a.) dardomand.suffering (n.) cehag, handraxtagih.sugar sakar.suitability niyiibagih, passazagih.suitable niyiibag, passazag; V. fitting.sulphur gogird.sulphurous gogirdomand.summarize hangirdenidan.summary hangirdig(ih).summer hiimin, tiibestiin j(a.) hiiminig.summit biilist, cagiid, sar, terag.summon xwandan.sun mihr, xwar.sunrise xwariisiin.sunset xwarofriin, xwarwariin.superfluous, be ~ parrextan.superior abar(ag), abaragiin(ag),

abarig(iin); azismeh.superiority abardomih j piidyiiwandih.supper Mm.suppliant liibakkar.supplication liibag, liibakkarih.support abestiim/n, pust, pustibiinih.supporter pustibiin.sure ostigiin.surround parwastan.surroundings parwar.suspend iigustan.sustenance rozig.swallow (n.) paristog/k.swallow (v.) obiirdan.swear (oath) sogand xwardan.sweat (n.) xwey.sweat (v.) xwistan.sweep mustan, rob-.sweet siren, xwas.sweetest xwiilist.sweetmeat royn-xwardig j . afrosag,

goz~nag, lawzenag, siftenag,watrenag.

sweetness sirenih.sweet-smelling huboy.swell up, cause to ~ pemenidan.s'toift arwand, ray, sebiig, tagig,

tiizig, zibiil.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

swiftness arwandih.swim snazidan.swimming snaz.swing wextan.sword sneh, samser, (safSer).swordsmith ceHingar.

table xwan; 'table-cloth' maskizag.tablet taxtag.tail dum(b).tailed dum(b)omand.tailor darzig.take burdan, griftan, stadan; ,... for

pad . . . dalltan.taken griftar.taken away appar.tallow pih.tamarisk gaz.tambour tambiirag.tangible girisnig, griftaromand.taste casnig, caxsagih, caxsisn,

. mizag(darih).tasteless abemizag.tasty mizagomand.Taurus Gaw.tax baJ.teach castan, frahixtan, hammoxtan,

wizistan.teacher hammozgar; poryotkes ;

(priest) herbed.teaching afrah, casisn, hammozisn.tear (n.) ars, sreSkt,L~~

tear (v.) darridan.ten dah.tend pahrextan.tender nazuk.tendon pay.tent mask, wiyan.tenth dahom.term (astr.) marz.terrestrial zamigig.terrible bimgen, sahmgen.terribleness sahmgenih.terror bim, sahrn; v. fear.test (n.) passiixt.test (v.) passiixtan, uzmiidan.testament handarz.testicle gund.testimony gugiiyih; false ,... ziir­

gugayih.testing uzmiiyisn.than az, kG.

thank azadih, spas+dastan, hangar-dan, etc.

thankful burdesnohr, spasdar.thanks azidih, spis; v. gratitude.that (cj.) ce, ko. (ta).that (pn.) an, oy, P ho; -- of an i;

......, is (to say) ay, had.theft appar(isn), duz(d)ih.then i, did, eg, had, pas.there anoh/y.thereupon egothey awesan.thicket wesag.thief duz(d), geg.thigh haxt, ran.thin biirigfk, tanuk.thing tis, (cis), xir.think handesidan, menidan, uskar-

dan; v. consider.third sidig; -seyom; (n.) sriswadag.thirst tisn, tisnagih.thirsty tisnag.thirteen sezdah.thirtieth sihom.thirty sih.this ed, en, im.thorn xar.thorny xaromand.those awesan.thou to.thought handesisn, menisn; v. con-

siderati011.thoughtful handesidar, menisnig.thousand hazar.thread ristag.three se.three-legged sepay.three-night-long se-sabag.thresh xwastan.thriving iibad(an).throat galog, griw.throne gah, taxt, P parwiingah.through tar, tarist.throw abgandan, wextan, wistan ;

'" down osiin-; -- forward frazabgandan; -- on pahikaftan.

thrust spoxtan.thunder (n.) yarranag.thunder (v.) yarriinidan.thunderbolt wir.thus edon, oh.thyme, wild", sisimbar.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 137

tie bastan.tiger babr.tight tang.till kistan, warzidan.tillage ki~tar, kiswan; warzisn.time awam, bar, gah, hangam, Jar,

zaman(ag), zurwan.timely hangiimig.tin arziz; (a.) arzizen.tired mandag.tiredness mandagih.to 0, pad.toe angust.together agenen; ...., with az • • •

hammis, Joma.toil ranJ.tolerate saxtan.toleration saxtarih.tomb aspamir, dadgah, daxmag,

hazzan.tomorrow fradag.tongue uzwan, (zuwan).tooth dad, dandan.top bali~n, basn, sar; v. summit.torment (n.) azar(isn), besisn.torment (v.) azardan, (aza/urdan),

bistan, (besidan).tortoise kaSawag.totality hamagih.touch (n.) pahrmahagih, pahrmahisntouch (v.) pahikaftan, pahrmah-,

sohistan.to'lvard(s) andar, 0 •.• ron, padirag.tower burg.track pay.trade pesag; wazar(a)ganih.trading wahag.trained frahixtag.trample spurdan, ospurdan, wispur­

dan, xwastan.trampling xwahisn.transformation Jadag-wihirih; v.

metamorphosis.transience frasawandih, sazisn, ward­

i~n(ig)ih.

transient frasawand, sazi~nig, ward-isnig, wideran, wideri~nig.

transport widar(i)dan.trap dam, talag.travel ewarzidan.traveller kardag, karawanig.tray xwan.

tread, v. trample.treasure ganJ.treasured griimig.treasurer gahbed, ganJwar.treasurership gahbedih.treasury ganJ.treaty piidixsir, payman; v. bond.tree dar, draxt, wan; se{f-planted ....,

nihaI; ...., of many seeds wan i was­tohmag.

tremble candidan, drafSidan, Iarz-idan.

trembling candisn; v. quaking.tribe zand.tribute haJ, harg, sak.trickery dawaI; v. deception.tried nibardag.trinoctial se-~abag.

triumph (n.) abarwezih; v. 'victory.triumph (v.) cerihistan.triumphant abarwez, eer.troop gund.trouble (n.) dus(x)warih, ranJ, sej,

widang.trouble (v.) ayozidan, ranJenidan.troubled ranJag, ranJwar.trousers salwar.true rast, wabarigan, wizurd.trumpet gawdumb.trunk ewan; v. stem.trust abestam/n.trustee srur.trusteeship stiirih.trustworthiness wabariganih.trustworthy wabarigan.truth rastih, wabar, wizurdih.truthful arda; v. righteous.try uzmudan.tube nay.Turanian Tur.turbid terag.Turk Turk.turmeric zard-cobag.turmoil asob.turn (vi.) gardidan, wastan; (vt.)

gardanidan, wardenidan; ...., intoabaz wastan o.

turning gardisn, wardisn.twelve dwazdah.twenty wist.twin doganag.twinkling mezisn.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

twist pecidan.two do.two-tongued do-saxwan.tyrannous sezd(en), staft.tyranny siistiirih, sezd.tyrant sastiir.

ugly duscihr, zist.unaging azarmiin.unassailed apetyiirag.unatonable aniibuhlag.unavoidable awizirisnig.unaware aniigah.uncomplaining abemust.unconfessed apetitig.unconscious abeos.unconsciousness abeosih.uncultivated anabadan.undefiled anahog, analiid; v. immacu-

late.under azer, er.undershirt sabig, taskanag.understand Asnudan, uzwardan.understanding uzwarisn.undertake abar burdan, fraz griftan,

pardaxtan o.undertaking pardazisn..undeviating awardag.undo wiyoz-.undone akard.undutiful axweskiir.undying amarg; v. immortal.unenvious hucasm.unfeeling asohisn.unfitting anabay, asaziig.unfordable naydag.unfortunate duSfarrag, wadbaxt.ungrateful anespas, aspiis.unhappiness axwarih, axwasih, dus-

dmih.unhappy axwas, dusnim, mustomand.tmharmed abebes, abes, awinast.unhonoured aniizarmig.uniform ewsan.uniformity ewsanih.uninformed adistag.uninitiated adahm.union ayozisn, hamih, hambawisn(ih).unit tiig.unite hamenidan.united ewkard(ag); be ,..... hambudan.universality hamagih.

universe hiimkiswar.unjust adiid.unlike ahomiinag.unlimited akanarag.unmixed agumeg.unpleasant axwas.unreliable anost.unrepentance anabaxSawandih, a-

petitigih.unrepentant anabaxSiiwand, apetitig.unrest aniistih; v. turmoil.unspecified aniimcistig.unsuitable asazag.unthinking amenidiir.until tii, P yad.untilled awarzid.untruth ariist.unwanted anabediin.unwilling akiimagomand.u1l'lcitting anagah.unworthyanarzanig.up abar, uI.up to friiz o.upland sardser.upside down er ud abar, nig1in.upward ul; ,.,., direction ulih.urinate gomez-, mistan.urination camisn, mezisn, pesarwar.urine mesag, pesyar; bull's,..... gomez,

dastsoy.use sog, sud; of"'" abedan; put to --

kiir framadan.useful sud(o)mand.useless anabedan.uselessness anabediinih.usurer waxsgar.utterance ewaz, wazag.

vain tuhig.valiant arwand, marcabuk; v. brave.valid wizurd.validity wizurdih.valour arwandih, marcabukih; v.

bravery.valuable arziin, arzomand.value (n.) arz, arzanigih, arzisn,

arzomandih, wahiig.value (v.) wahag burdan.vanguard pesobiiy.Vega Wanand.vegetable iiroyisnig, tarrag, urwar;

--s amiz.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX 139

vehemence tundih.vehicle wardyun.veil eadur, pardag.vein rag, rahag.vengeful kenig, kenwar.venom wis, zahr.venomous wis6mand.Venus Anahid.vernal waharig.vertebra muhrag.very aber, saxt, staft, skeft.vessel Jam(ag), kabarag, takok.vetch mas.viceroy bidaxs.victorious abarwez, cer, peroz(gar).victory abarwezih, peroz(gar)ihjfinal

-- frazam-perozih.victuals pih.vigilant gubrag, zenawand.vile wadag, zHan.vileness wadagih.village deh, wis.vina (lute) win.vindictive kenwar.vindictiveness kenwarih.vine raz.vinegar sik.vineyard raz.violence must, sniih, tundih.violent mustgar, tund.violet wanaf§ag.viper sebagovirgin dosizag.virginity dosizagih.virtue hunar, hunarawandih, hu­

warst, kirbag, nek-gohrih.virtuous dahm, hunariiwand, kir­

bagig, nek-gohr.visibility paydagih.visible ca§mdid, (pad) didar, paydiig,

wenabdig, wenisnig.vision wenibj v. sight.vital gyiinig.vital force axw.vitality ustanih.vivifier zindakkar.vivify ziwenidan.voice awaz, wang.void (n.) tuhigih.void (v.) ridan.vomit wiimidan.vow (n.) padist(ig).

vozv (v.) padistadan.vulture kargas.

wagon rah.waist kamar.wait padan.waken guhrayenidan; V. awaken.wall dewar.wallet paywiisag.wallflower herig.walnut goz; -- sweetmeat gozenag.wand cobag.wander wastan.wanderer kardag.wandering wiyaban(ig).wane nirfs-.want (n.) niyaz.want (v.) abayistan, kamistan, xwas-

tan.wanted abediin.warding off iinibisn.warlike ardikkar.warm garm(og); -- region garmser.warmth garmag, garmih.warrior ardikkar, artestiir, eraxtiir,

kirig; V. soldier.warriorhood artestiirih.wash sustan.washennan gazar.wasp wabz.waste wanigarih.watch (n.) pas.watch (v.) nigiih diistan, padan, pas

diistan.watchdog minbin.watcher pasban.water ab.watercourse ibtazan; V. channel.water-holder abdan.water-lily nilopal.watery abig.wax waxSidan.way, v. path, manner.we ami.'(l)eak kamzor, nizar; become -- niziir­

ih(istan).weakness kamzorih, nizarih.wealth adan(ih), gramag, hangadih,

tuwiingarih, xwastag.wealthy adin, was-xwastag, xwiistag­

omand; v. rich.wean abaz kardan az.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

weapon zay, zen.wear paymoxtan, posidan.'a:easel rasiig.'a:eave waf-.weaving wafisn.'weed zaz.week haftag.weep bram-, griyistan.weeping bramag.u'eigh saxtan, tarazenidan.weight garanih.well (a.) drust.'aiel! (n.) cah.well up, cause to ....... pemenidan.well-being drod.well-born pad-gohr(ag).well-grown hurust.well-known namcist.west dosastar, xwarofran, xwarwaran.'what ce, kadiim.whatever cegam-iz-e(w).wheat gandum.when ciyon, ka, kay.whenever hame ka.where kii (gyag).which ce, kadam, kadar, kc.whichever kadam-iz-e(w).whip astar, tazanag.whirlwind wad-girdag.white sped, arus; (n.) spedag.who ke, kadar.whoever kadar-iz-e(w).whole tandrust.whore Jeh, rospig.whoredom rospigih.why ce ray, Cim (ray).wickedness dusih, wattarih.wide frax, pahn, wehm, wisad.widow wewag.width pahnay, wehmih.ulife narig, zan; eagar.wild kong.wilderness wiskar.'wilful wastar.wiil axw, kam(ag).willing(ly) kamagomand.willow wed.wind wad.window rozan, roz(b)anag.wine badag, may.wine-press karxos.wing baIag, parr(ag).

winged parragig, parrwar.'winnow wextan.winter zam, zamestan.wipe awestardan.'wiping awestarisn.'wisdom danagih, frazanagih, xrad;

innate ....... asn-xrad.wise danag, frazanag, xradig,

xradomand, zirak.witch parig.with abag. .wither hosidan ; cause to ....... hosenidan.withhold abiiz dastan.within andaron.without abe-, be az. .'witness gugay; false ....... ziir-gugay.woe way.wolf gurg.uoman narig, zan; married ....... soy­

mand; young ....... ziyanag.'womb askamb(ag), askom(b), burdar,

gabr, grab, pusyan, uruspar, zahar.wonder abdih, widimas.wonderful abd(-sahist), widimasig.wood cob, dar; wesag.u'ooden daren.woodland wesagestan.wool pasm, warr.uool/en pasmen.word cwaz, marig, saxwan, sraw,

waz; holy ....... mansar(spand).work (n.) harg, kar, warz(isn).work (v.) warzidan.worker kardar, warzigar.world axw(an), gehan; material

getig, gumezagih.worldly gehanig, getig(ig).worm kirm.wormwood dramanag.worse wattar.worship (n.) ezisn, paristagih,

paristisn, yasn, yast, yazisn.worship (v.) paristidan, yastan.worst wattom.'ll)orth arz, arzanigih, arzisn, arz­

omandih; be ....... arzidan.worthiness arziinigih, sahigih, saza­

gih, sazisn, sayendagih.worthless dusarz.f.l)orthy arzan(ig), arzomand, sahig,

saziig(wiir), siiyendag; be ....... saz-,sayistan.

ENGLISH-PAHLAVI INDEX

would that kac.wound (n.) res, zaxm.'wound (v.) residan, xastan.wrath xesm.write nibistan.writing nibeg; collected "'"'s dewan.wrong abaron, zefiin.wrongdoer kastar.

yard gam.year sal; -years-old -salag.yellow zard.yellowness zardih.yet ahaniiz.

yoke (n.) JUY.yoke (v.) ayoxtan, (ayozidan).yolk zardag.you asma.young Juwan, keh, kawadak, kodak.younger keh(tar).youth Juwan; juwanih.

Zaraf)u!tra, v. Zoroaster.Zend zand.zodiac dwazdahan; sign of the .....

axtar.Zoroaster Zardu(x)st.Zoroastrian, v. Mazdean.

OhrmazdAmahraspandiin

WahmanArdwahi§t(Urd-, A§wahih)SahrewarSpandarmadHordiidAmurdiid

AdurAniihid

AhremanAkomanArzurAstwihad

I FrawardinII Ardwahi§t

III HordiidIV TirV Amurdiid

VI SahrewarVII Mihr

I Ohrmazd2 Wahman3 Ardwahist4 Sahrewar5 Spandarmad6 Hordiid7 Amurdad8 Day pad Adur9 Adur

10 AbiinII Xwar

APPENDIX

(i) Di'vinities

Ard (Ahriswang)AstiidBurz:ErmiinMihrRasnSrosWahriimWay i wehZurwiin

(ii) Demons

JehWay i wattarXesm

(iii) Months

VIII A.biinIX AdurX Day

XI WahmanXII Spandarmad+ Frawardigiin

(iv) Days

12 Miih13 Tir14 GosIS Day pad Mihr16 Mihr17 Sros18 Rasn19 Frawardin20 Wahriim21 Riim22 Wiid

APPENDIX 143

2.3 Day pad Den2.4 D~n

2.5 Ard (Ahriswang)26 Astiid

27 Asman~8 Zimyid2.9 Maraspand30 Anagran

Hiwan-morningRapihwin-aftemoonUzerin-evening

(v) Galzs

.E:bsriisrim-sunset to midnightUsahin-midnight to dawn

Central-XwanirahEastem-ArzahSouth-eastern-FradadafsSouth-western-WidadafS

(vi) Continents

Westem-SawahNorth-westem-WoriibadtNorth-eastern-WoriiJadt

'parasang'

'finger''span''foot''cubit''yard''pace''fathom''pole''mile'

(vii) Measures of length

= lin.(I2. a.) = 9 in.(16 a.) = I2. in.(24 a.) = I ft. 6 in.(48 a.) = 3 ft.(80 a.) = 5 ft.(96 a.) = 6 ft.

(160 a.) = 10 ft.= 1,000 'paces'= frasang= 4 'miles'

I angustI widestI payI friristI gamI gim i do payI Jud-niiyI niyI hisar i.

ii.I frasang

PAHLAVI KEY 145[18fJ ... [183J

13 .J"\) tazidan\\t6,,"

14 -r:; tazisnih .AU t"U~tI'.

IS ~--y~ noI "'\)\)tp

16 '"~-r--, taskanag \~\YU".....

17 J"'~-' tast \~P

18 ~~3 tadan \\"'~

19 ~~..r.3 tadar \~..20 ')21 -> Numerals

22~ -J

~2

~30

3 ~40 -U4 ~50 ~

605 -Y~"'U)6 -JN~

70~

807 jN~-u..u8.

~~90 -'"U.1J

~9 --Y'..J""~100

10....

200~ -'

II ...

~~

1,000 I2 '".-JU

C 6684 L

146 PARLAVI KEY

[18z}

~~ .. [181}tarsaglih tagig \~,tD

tarsag ,~~ tag 'S~

tarsidan \\~'" takok 'S,~~

tarsagah ~~,o tagarg ~~..tarsagahih ~~¥' -tar ~¥'-

tarist \~~ tar, tarr \tosel .N~¥, tariizcn- -t'~~tom -6\0 tarazcnidan "tf..'~~~tambur ~.1.)6'" tarazug \S,~'"anohI ~ .. pihI ~\I'tab cut" targ ~~tab- -cuP tars ~'"tabah ~v'" dol \~,otabahih ~QJ'" targuman \~~tabiihih- - "'U"'O' V to tarwcn- -t"~totabahihistan \\~Q.)ll» tarwcnidan \\~~) 1"

tabangog 19~1Q.) to trues AUV)lO

tabarzad \~ CUP trllftag \~)Dv)",

tabisn ,t""Ocz.>~ trus "'O~tl'tuftig \~ ~Q)'" taIag, tarrag \~ ..taftan " "'Vf'

taIagCin \t'C;~~taz- -<;10 tarmanih ~~tDtazag 'y<;to tarmcnisnih AUt-"U~~tazcn- - t' <; to tarmenisn ,~~..,tazenidan \I~ t'~~ tars- -~t"

PAHLAVI KEY 147[180] [179]

tanomandih ~t6~"", tuhigI~,,.

tanbahr )...." \1''- tohmag ,t4r\'"tund oJ ,,'" tanlipuhl ~ IUn"tundih .au-',,~ tuxs- - AU'" ,'"tanihi ..-uu\\y» tUxSligih .&U~,~

tandrustih ..cu~ ,..- I\¥t tuxslig\~''''

tandrustIt-UY \~ ""

tuxsidan"~'f'

tandrust \~,t' I\~ t\,lxsisn ,~,\"

tanig \~"P toxtan \\tv'I¥'

tanuk. , ~"to tuwlinlig,!'" t-'1''''

tanur ~ ,,'" tuwanigih..-u~"",, \\10

tantohmag '54"" "." tuwlinig\~ to-' \\¥'

Tur \110 tuwlingar ~J::J\Y'Turan ,~ 'f" tuwlingarih ~~,,.torag, Turk ,~ 110 tuwan

\~\~-tom

",I~- tuwlinsamlin \~ "-'\l!'tom, tom -61'" tambiir ~,totumbag .!!.)GCfO tambiirag '~--!J'\Dtor

QJ'~didI , tand, tang ..3,,,,

tozc;,~ tandih, tangih -"\YI"

toz--C;'~

tanigardig '1l'-I SJ It'"tozisn

, t"Uc:;"" tanigard'~I~''''

toiag \'YU ,to tan",a

tust,~\'"

gawI

.NU""tagigih

.40 ~S'"tanomand

J~ yo' "'"

148 PAHLAVI KEY

[178J [177]tlistig , ~ t(JU-"" to taxt

,~'"

UhI ~,. taxtan, taxtan \\WO'Y'

sken(n)-I _.~ ,,~ taxtag, ~ \(J-\,)' "

skastanl \\l"'~ '\" tex J'fnew!

~"tas

~"xormal

..tawan \Y" tu'~~V1

tex. ~~ tawan \"" \'"~tihog \St'UY' ar-I - \ ~'"ahiigI

~~ ardanl

" ~ , t'" '"tis -U~

1-2tag ,!Nt"

tasum -6tU¥' tar '\,...~

gill .AJt'to t:irig/kih .eu~~gilenI I KYt'I" tatig/k '~r'tigr, Tir ~,o r6bahI

~~1-2terag ,~¥' tab-, Hiz- -ctYl"temar ~~ tazanag

\~,...u-'"

l-l!tez U~1-2tazig

\Ub'~

tezih "'OU f' tiibidan \ ,te.t Cl)' '"

tisn ,t-"\..V to tabag ,, .... '"tisnagih ~~ t"\Y ¥' tabestan \ t'" tUJ .,.,..

tisnag \~ t"\Y~ tlibisn,~V"~

Tistar "tb\Y\l' taftan,\tt'V' '"

tidag \S~"tas-

-~'"tan- - I'" tasidan

\\~l"

tuhigih "'U~,~ tast'~'fl'

PAHLAVI KEY 149

[176] [175]

AUN~wehl \.,Q)""\) padixsayihI

wehihI ..;}..Q)"'\) wisay_I -,,~sabag \~ Vo"U wisadI ,,.,\\~

sabestan''''''~U'''U

wisad-darI ~) ,~\\~safser ~~ wisadanI \\"'\\~siftaliig \~~~ salwar \...~siftenag

\ ~ '"' ,.:'Q}-"Usarm ~

sasl .l>JteJ\) sarmgah ~aiagI NltVU sarmgen \t'~sahrewar \r\~ sarmgen \\~sa4r \\teJ'O namI -c:ufrest-I -UtetU sambalidag ,~~sahryar ~I\~ kunjidl

~sahryarih ~,\te.Ju namCistigI \~ te.JO Q...e"U

frestidanI\\lV "tv\) namCistI \t<'OCLG'U

sahrestant"'~ \\tbU simsar ~

frestadanI\\"""KJU samser ~

aiagI ~tV\) sasab~

kiinI t6\'(J\) sasabigan'''''' ~cz)..1YU

wih·I-"~

-(i)t~-

wistanI"",,,te..U"'U

tah NlO sab Q.)-o'\)

taxI \..o.~ suban \,....~

t;lxlih ~r' sabixon \ , t"'U U"U

taxtgiih -'UU~'" sabig ,~O"'\)

15° PAHLAVI KEY

[17-4-] [173]salagI \ ~,. t"'U snasagih "'U~r-u

skaf- -v»~ snasag \~t'U

skaftan \\¥'CU'~ snayisn \~~

nibay_l - '~)4)-U snayidan \\~t--u

nibastanI \,tol!:J~ sniiz 4Y t"O

skih- - ""'U~ snaz- -u¥'\)sken(n)- - t",.-o snazidan "'U ClY t'"'U

sken(n)isn \t'Ot'~ saw- =...)l""Uskebiigm .&U9""U" W sawiig \~~

\VClYW soy, suy...

skebag-- t"U

skeftih "'U ¥to' ,.-u sanen \,,~

skeft \t"QY~ soymand ~~ t"U

1-2Sk6h .H\~ -isn \t'U-sk6hih .......,..,\¥\) san \t"O

skOf- -eu\~ snohr ~,t"OskOfag '~Q)\Y\) sonig \~ \t"U

skoft I"'QJ\~ son \\\""0

skuftan ,,~Q.),¥U sniig\~\ t"O

hurl, sakar \~ sniiman \tG,t"O

skarw- -)~ sn6mag \~\~

skarwidan \\~):.~ snosag \YU '\""0skarag \~¥U drodI

-6~

skastan \\\"eUYU susar ~t"\)skaft \¥'eu~ saIl \r't"Upadixsayl H~ salagih1

AU , '" I'I'U

PAHLAVI KEY lSI

[172] •.au [I'IJ0--0Jawl ..

see /llso--...0

Jawenl \tu""U ~(i)s ""'\)-

'iewan \\tW sah ~..sah- -~frest..! -ntuu

fresta~nl '" dewI .AU\)\)\\¥'\\t"\N

hiP -\\»&\) dew I~

hilisnl \t"U \\ 1J-'l\) dewesnihI ""U t<>UUOOhistanI \ \to Uu-au dcwezagihI

AU~~

sagr, sir ~ sahbaliit \~~sirenih ~~ say- -oUU\)

siren ,~ sahdanag \~t"U"UU

seh czY4.) sayendagih ~ !)t()A\)U

seb- -tY-'"U sayendag \ ~ t()"U\)

iebag \ ¥' Cl.Y"'U sahigan\~~

sebisn \t"\)&-u sayistan\\tt1>U'UU

siiag ,~ sayed \te>-'OOsedii .JlN~ sahwar ~t""OOsed .\~ sanag

\~t'OU

uzwinI Nt'U sam

~;:::snaxtan ,\~~ sahcsprahm

snay- _...........~ sayed\~

snas~- ""(.)N~ sazdah "'UVU\)

sniyen-- t(,)N l"'U siidurwan \r'~~'C.Nu

inayenidan\\'b~t"U sadih

""U~

iniyenisn \t"U~ 't"U sad \leJuu

152 PAHLAVI KEY

[170 ] [16cJ]eobag \'Q)\~ 1-2cinag \~~~...

cagad \tU'c; cinisn \t"'U" '"eakok \~\,~ cegamag

\~~C;

eakuc C;' 'C; cegam-iz~'UC;

eagar "C\ cer ~<;ciray ~c; celangar \.~C;carz s)c:; ceHin

\~"earag ,~" ceHingar \~~C;carro ~~ cerih ~~carb g}~ cerih- -~<;carbih .AU~~ cerihistan \,~c;

carbisnomand 'r6~t'Ud~ cim~~

carbisn ,t"UJ~ Cim-gowiigih AU~l~~

cim -E.~ Cimig \~C;

cambar .iK.c; l--2cidan \\~c;

camisn ,~C\ cam!, cang .. ,<;sangI ..vC;c; cand- - '\<;casm ..6"\) C\ candih ~\c;

casmarcskih AU~-E:U~ candal '\..,,~

casmaresk \~-4SU" cang-sray ~,C\casmagah -OM~~ candisn \t"".Y \ <;casmagiihih ~~Cl

1~2griwl ~,~1-2casmag

\.!E:UC\ candidan "r<.v ,<\casmdid

\~c..cob Q.)\ c:;

catrang ~'?t4<; caw(la)gan \~'Q)\<;

PAHLAVI KE"i' 153

[168] [167]casnig ,~~c;

paymanag\~tM&t-CZ)

casiSn, cwisn ,~~ paymoxtan \\~t6~t)

cast ,~~ paymog "f6~(D

castan \\ltN""~ paymoz- - <; f4D¥'t>

1-2castag \'~C!..a paymozan \\<;tEt '"t,)

cadur \\lb'<; paymiidan '\\Ot6l"CD

xirI .IDe; padisay ....uultDCU

ceh- ----uC; padist \~tDv

ceh-widarag lb~""c:; padis .A4JtDcu

cehag \~<;padiSxwar \~¥'CU

1-2Cihr ~~ -(i)zcihren- -~t;

C-\-

\\K9~<;cah "'U'~

Cihrenidancahar \..ute,

Cihrig \~C; cahardah ~c,Cihrag ,~c; eaharpay ~~c,Cihr-sniisih "'U-bU~ c:; car ~<;cehisnig \~~c. cariigen \t" ~C;cehisn 'r'U-U~ cariig .:i:~c,ezmI

~e, caraggarih ~~ciyonih .AU,tu~ carag 1~<;ciyon "tOe, cabukih oAU"CU'c;cin-

-""~cabuk·

'9'ca~cinar ~~c; cas-

-~,

Jiw \r <; caxsagih""~c..

cinwad''''(OJ)\~ c; casidan

\\~a,

154 PAHLAVI KEY

[166] [165]pattiigih

""'~I"UpaWinomand 'rii~ ~¥,I)

pattiig "I~Q) pattan \l'" lOa)

paywastan "tbJ 1'"fJp,adcxih J'U \"'U l" CZ)

paywastag "t-e.JJ I ¥'V padexen- -"'~Y't)

pattiidan ",., I¥'CU padexenidan \\1'6 r ~Y'Q)

pahikar ~~"'V padex, [error for 1l"'Ul"V

1-2pahikar- -~~~Vpih \ t-AU Q) ]

pahikardan ,,~,~CUpadir- ...\" ~Q)

padiragih AU~",eupahikaf- -QYSl"t>

padirag \~)DCbpahikaftan \\~~ ~¥'Cb

padiriftan \\tD~~Q)pahikob- -CU\",""V

padirisn \~"'COpahikOftan \\t4CU, ~ l"CU

1-2padisar ~"'CZ,)pahikar \~~V

padist- -~tI'eupahikaf- ... Q.) 4) toeu

padista(g) '~~¥'fVpahikafisn 'MJQJ~~V

pahikaftanpadistadan \,~tU.t"'~V

\''''V, ¥'V

payrastan \\~f'PVpadistan ,~tV\P~eu

\ ~~)'I'QJ-bed \~Q.)-

payrog

pahrmah- - ~¥,(l) l-2pid \tDV

pahrmahagih ~~"'Q) paywasag \~I~V

pahrmiihisn \~r't,) papdz- -UltDV

paymay- "'~¥'cu paywazag \~V",,.,V

paymanigih AU ~ t-Et ~CU paywazisn , t"UQY \ tDQJ

paymanig \~ 1'"""6 to Q) paywand -' \I¥'ct>

payman \~~V paywand- --'''\'='l>

PAHLAVI KEY ISS

[164]-~eu.,

[163]

,~CDpafsir- frasn

pafsirisnih AU~cuV frasagirdig \~¥'\~eupafSirisn 1~~eu frasagird \\"'Weupaz- -c..V frasamurw ~~Q)pa(c)cen , t>C;CU fradag \~t6v

pa(c)cibay- - ......,CU<;CU fradom -6\~eupa(c)cibagih -"U ".., (Z,)~q) fradomih ~"~Q)paseminih -"'"U t""6\)UQ) pardag \~~Q)

paseman \~Q) pambagcn \~cU

pisiz u-'UCl> pambag ~Q,)

passing J\"'UQ.> passaxt \l'tX..tU.J V

pasn \l-'UOJ passaxtan , \ teJ\)U)Q.)

pasol11 --6 \""\) QJ passox \t'\»CU

passinJ- -C;l"'UV passaz- -V'.»CU

passinJidan ,,~ C; l'"'UCU passazisIl \ t"'U Q,)U.J<l)

passinJag \~~~Q) pasen \K» eupassinJisn ,~ '\ t"'U CU pasemal ~Vpasm ~V pasemalih ~vpasmen \~V brin-I

- 1''-Veupast ,~cu bridanI

\\~ \\'UJCl)

pastag '~~t.) passazagih ..-u~CU' Q,)

pad- -tpV passazag \~W(2)

petyarag \~tDQ.J past, pist \~QJ

pattay- - ~ \"CU pistag\~t'bJQJ

pattayistan \\~)Deu pafsar- -~veu

156 PAHLAVI KEY

[162J

,\tu'\)~ C,)

[161]_\~Q)framosidan parwar-

framustan \\~~Q) parwarisn '~~Q)framiidan \\"'~Q) Frawardin H'~~Q)frasawand ',~Q) Frawardigan \~~~)Q)frasawandih .AU-' \~Q) fraward \~~(2)frasp ~Cl) parwardan \\~~Q)parist~ -~~ frawardag \9~)Q)

paristar ~~eu franam- --6~Q.tparistidan "toe,)~Q) parwast \~~euparistOgjk \'\~Q) parwastan \\te.u)0)paristagih """~4Z) franaftan \\~QJ~Q)paristag \~~V frusag '.¥O~Q)paristisn ,~~o frod \ r'~Q.)frabih -"\)~q) fr6dmand J~yD~4>frazanagih AU~~~eu fragan, pillagan \,.,..~vfrazanag \9""~eu parrag ,~eu

frazam ~~cz) fragan-, pargan- - \~Q)

frazam- -~~eu fragandan, \~\~CUpargandanfrazamcn~ -~~(V

framay~ -~Q)frazamcnidan \\tV ~6ez.> framayisn \~Vfrazam-pcrozih "''1~~~eu framanburdar \....~~~·eufrazaftan \'¥'~~ Q.) framan \~Vfrazen, parzin \y ~Q.) framiidar ~~vfrazaftan \\lOeu~Q) framos .A\)~Q)fras, pars ~0 fram6s- -~~'->

}JAHLAVI KEY 1-":J/

[160J

~~Q)[159]

-,~Q)frawahr frasang

parwangah -6"'U ~~ C2) parragig \~Q)parwanagih ""U-'~)Q) pargan- -~Cl)parwanag l~t""}Q) parwar ~~Q)frawar, parwal '\.u~Q) pargandan 'Y~Q)frawar-, parwal- _\-~Q) pargud \~~CU

parwalisn \~~Q.) freg, parig '~Q)frawardan \\~~Q.) frest- -~eufranam- -4~t) frestadan \\te.>'~Cbfranamisn \~}Q) frestidan "H!..' ~Q)parwaz Q)' ~4) pargast '~Q,)franaftan "~Cb'~Q) frestag \~~QJFarrOb.g ] ~~4) frtb ~eu

(read pill")~~Cl) -~VFarrobag freb.

piring -'~Q) frCftar \.v~~tUpalang "~Q.) freftan l\~~Vparnagan \~ ~~(lJ frez, (frtb) ~Vpalangmusk \~~~QJ pardaz-, parrez-, -;}Vparwand J,}V (freb-)

pam'and- - ~ ,~QJ frezwanih .AU~';}Vpan'on \\~Q) frc::zwanig \~~ \~cu

frogih- - AU;~ C2> frezbanih .-u~V~Q.)frogihistan \\~~~V frezhanig \~"""fZ..)de,)frog \~~Q.) pardazisn \~aVparrwar ~~Q.) Fradadafs .A\)CU~ QJ

ISS PAHLAVI KEY

[ISS]

,,~V[157]

frahixtan potk, pildag\~"'\Cl>

frahixtag \'~cz) pazzam- -~Cl>

frayadisnig ~~~t) pazzamen- -~V

frayadisn \~~Q) pazzamcnidan '\~~Q)

fray ~Cl) pazzamcnisn \~~O,)fradahisnih ""U~Q) pazzaftan \\~coSQ.)

frahist \~Q) pazd -SO,)farroxih .o.u~QJ pazd- --SQ)farrox \~V pazdcn- -~Q)

lxwiih-I -'~Q) pazdenidan \\~Jv

xwastanl \\~\~Cl) pazdagih A(J~tU

frarast \~Q.) pazilg \~fOJ

frarunih ~'~Q.) paymarl \"'~Q.)

frarfin \\~V parr ~V

framus ~~Q) frahang J~euframos- -""'U~4) friixih ~~Q)framustan \\K.N~eu fraxcn- -\'"'~Vfrahist ~V fraxcnidan ,,~'"'~CVparrag ~(l) frahangestan \~~~Vfreh ~V frax ,~Vpanlaxtan \\~V parahum --G~tl>frchhiidih -"O~QJ frahanj- -C;~4Vfn:hhild ,~eu

-~Q)frayad-pardaz- -~V frayadidan \\~~Q)pardaxtan, \\~Q.) frayad \~Cl)parrextan

PAHLAVI KEY 159

[156]

\¥'~'C)[15SJ

poHiwad pand , (nem!) ~,Q)

purrgah ~IU poy~ -.lICU

purrxwarrahI ~'t) penIh ""Ultl

poryotkes ~~l"(.9)~ \Q) pus -() 'CDporyotkesih ~~¥,(~)~\Q) frazand ~t"Q)

purnay ..AAI~ leu frazandih .A\Y ""CDpurr-rawisnih ~~)~,v panir '\...ICUpurrmiih ~\QJ pondik \'\.t't>

purrsardag ,~~\O) poyisnig \ 'U t"\Y 'Q)

dahlin! rG"V padl , pen \\Vpusyan \ t"'U..1' 'QJ padgohr ~~U4Jpusar ~\V padnerog ,~}.., "C1Iposten ,\",~ ,eu padnigerisn \~" "CDpost \to.' ,V padwizen

\t'~, \\vpanJ, poz ~\Q.) padzyan \~ \Ivpanjah ~~\CO pllrS- -....llI1Q.)

panjag, pozag ,~~\ Q.) pursidan \\~"Q)

plis- - ·...,,>tV pursisnig '~M..UJUtl

posidan \\H!,.)""U \12,) pursisn \ t"U.:U \\V

posisn \~\V padpanag \~tN4) \IV

pustiblinih "'U """ Q.)~tbU\ V pa(c)cibay~ - J-AJ Q.l c; "CO

pustib~n \~eu~~\eu paCc)cibagih .AU~0'\,\eupust \tt.>u\V frazand ....~'Vpustag \~~\CU por, purr ~ "V

piidagih .AU~~\CU pohiwaden \t' ¥'~Iq)

160 PAHLAVI 'KEY

[15+] [IS3]~ ~1-2pesag JYU--CU pcrozgarih~"G,)

pesparag '~e.KYV pilban \'t"'~Q)pctyaragih "'U~ It-' Cl) pem, pim ~CO

pctyarag \~teJQJ pemen- - .....-.6.Q)paydagih ""'~1'e'V pemenid;m '\,~ ~Q.)

paydagih- -.AUYteJV pimgcn \t'~ Q.)

paydagihistan ,\tuYUY~Q,) pes- -..1YCU

paydagen- -~Y)e)CU pesidan \,~CU

payclagenidan ,,~~ ~le.'CU pesisn , t""\.U.Y Q)

paydag '.Y~eu pcstan ,,,",,"te..tYeu

paygam ~~V pee- -UV

paygambar ~~QJ peCidan \\ttJ e.JQ)

pctitigih "'U~ tu· te.-' Cl) pes ""'lY 0,)

petitig \~~tvV pcsanig \\.)~t)

petit \ te,) ,.e" QJ pes6bay ~Q)~t)

1-2pid \t4U f.) pesobayih ~CO~f.)

panah .AU' leu pesar ~6

panahih ~'CU pcsarwar '\.-)-ou..V1-2puhl ~'V pcsgah ~CU

puhlen- -~,tJ pcsenig \~ t\.)\YCO

puhlenidan "~~\Q.) pcsemal ~Ufraz t>'\ V pescmalih ~Vpohisn \~IV ~cs6bay ~QJ~"

poxtan \\~'V pesobayih ~Vt'"U-'t)

nemI ... leu pcskar, pesyar '\... !"U-'V

PAHLAVI KEY 161

[lS~] [151]padim -<'JCU paduzwanih ~t""~"..tUQ)

payidag ""VUlt) paduzwan tt"~l"-'~Q)

l-Ipay, pih -yo.> padixsa(y) (~~Cl)

pas,1-2pay -()Q) padixiayih ~tUQ)

pes -('yG> piidixSir ~teYC1)

pSsiin \t"\.H>'4> padyah V',) t4t)'~

passand .... t<.'Q) padyabib. ~ CZJU te,)' V

passand- -"K)Q) padiisn \~teYQ.)

passandisnig ,~t'U' t<J~ padiran- -~~0passandisn \ t'U-' tt.' Cl> p1idiranen- -t'~~~passandidan \\~ tofU padiranenidan ,,\oCt.) Y~ lUQ)

penih .AU t' fl) padiranidan \\~~~eupen

\ '"' Q.)padiran \~~eu

payg \ \.) oJ paymar ~lb'Q)pir ~QJ piidez Q.)~CV

pi! '5... u Ipadan \\teYV

payray- -~u padofrah ~<U \ \'CU' Q)

misafi ..ANCU.s~Q) padzahr \.....S~Cl>payriyag \~V paygos ~\~W,)'QJ

peraman ,,~4) padrozag \1c;'}~QJpayristan \\~4> payram ~teYQ)pirih ~Q) padrazm -G~te.Yeuperoz c;~Q) padifrah ~Q.)~QJperozih ,c,~Q) arzanI , gawarsI .-

...,)4)

perOzgar ,c;~v pih \t""UtJ

C8e84 M

162 PAULAYI KEY

[150 ] [1491 ~payag \ !-\Yeo star6~mur ~~ tcU'panagih "'"~ tAl Cl)

starwan \'~KUpanag '~~QJ stardih ""~tW-ban ''''''V- stard \~.w

panagih ~~~4J stahr )V.wpanag \~""tJ stabrih ~O)tUJpanzdah "'U <; t'" t) stabrag ;~V~pakizag "t3¥"lU staft \""V~

pak \Yu

pa)ay~ -~QJ pah, pay -A\.)'~

pa)iidan "~~Q.) pahnay ....,., t'\)'1)

paliidag \~""~cu pahn \l'VV

1-2parag \~CU payag '~t)

parsig \~Q.\ paygal ~Q)pagox \tA.UY'4) 1-2pahrcxtan \\~t)pagbanih .A(J~~Cl) pahrcz ~t)pagban \~ 4U'"'"Q) 1-2pahrezw -~Q)pazcn \\-" fl)'V pahlawig '~~G)puzand "QYCl> pahlUg \~~fl)pazcn \ \eu' Cl) pahlom -6~Vpasnag \ ~ t"'O-"'" Q.) pahlomlh ~~Q)piisom -G~V paygalgar ~~Vpaxsag \¥U-V pahast

\~O,)

padyawand -' \ t"\Y~ Q) Ipayw - .......... vpiidyawandih ~ \ M.Y \'U' Q.) pas

~Q)

PAHLAVI KEY 163

[I48J [I4iJgetig, sti Jte.1' see also 00» Oct»

stendag ,~,.- t'U.'1-2saz_

-CUt

sidig, stcy ,~t4tU sazagih AU!""JU)

sidigar ~~te1-' sazag ,yO'

ster ~~ sazagwar \..\~U'stezag \,~~ sazistan \\W!»Q.U

stowih ~),tt» lsazisnih "'Ut"UW

stowen- -~,,-e» 2sazisnig \\It-Ua>>stowenidan , \\'b '"' ) \ \'e.' 1-2sazisn \t"\)U'

sto --.U\tu.' getig AU't'U' / oN te.3'Sadwes ~,~ getigig , UJ()J te..l.'didan \\tU.) stay- _...ANtev

-istan ,\t«.'" - stayisnig \~ t"O--' tbJ

stun \\\~ stayisn \ t-'C.V- K1'stunag \~'\M.1' didar ~~

stor, stur .',to' starag ,~te.1'sturg ~\lU' stahm <~

sturih ~\MV stambagih ~te.1'

storgah ~,tVJ stambag ~M»

storbiin \~~,teV stahmih ~te»

stard ,~,tUJ stahmagih A(J~te.»

·st08 .AU\M.V stahmag ,~ "'!»

studan \W' \t-e.U stayidan"~te.u

star ~MV sudiibo..t'~

starosmar ~~tu' sti~t'U'

164- PAHLAVIKEY

[ql,i) [145]

~~sped \It.'ClU' sard:;cr

spedag \~te,) 0» sIsImbar ~tt»:LUspedbag ,~t) WJ ClU' sIsImbar ~spenag \¥"cu.u N.B. Any word with initial If'u.usp6xtan ,\~,~ may appear written as -CU)

spandan \~ ,Q,U) spah ~W'

Spandarmad \~ ,.. \ Q).t.) debahr, spihr, ~~spaxr

sabuk \~ \ CU3'

'\\Q)..Uspahbed \¥,Q)A(Y~

spul

~~IW'spas -tY"'01'spurrigihspasdar ~v.u

\~\Q.Wspurrigspasdarih ~G..U'

spurdan \\~'Q).2) spasdnas -o>'~Q).Vspoz

~\ClU' debug \YUUsp6z- - C;' CU1' spasomand -'rG~O»spinjanagih AU ~ ~~\ Q)..1)

spuzgar ~jc; \Q)..))spas "'0"""0.»

spihr ~6.Uspuzisn 't"O~ 'ClU',~«.Wsabz Sa.ll'

spihrig

spazg ~Q»>spenag \~ t'Q).,U

spazgih ~ClU'spig \1lCU'J

spar ")Q.\.V splz· -Q.) 01'

spar- -\f.),.U splzisn \t'UUf.U.'

sprahm ~~ spis ""lY CO-'-'

sprahmag \~Q»> spitaman ,~te.Jo.u

spurz ~o.).U sped.diir \..o~G.U'

PAHLAVI KEY, 165

[144]

-,,~[143]

gay_I darridanI,,¥',,~

gadanI\\¥'\\~ sagr ~

wattarI\~ sagrih ~

wattarihI

~~sem

~

srawen--~~

scb, se} euusrawenidan \\~~~ scjomand ~~,...,U»

sriiwen .l!J~ sezdah .AU~

sarw, sraw, srii ~~ sezd ..sv.sriiwar ~~ sczden

\~sarw ,~ kardI

~~~

bar-I -\~ sagen ,~~

burdanI

\\¥'\~deg, 2sag, sik ,~

srubV~

sar ~sruben \\-'CU~ sel ~

Sras "'U~ sray ~srosig \~~ 1-2sray- -~srad \,.~ srayisnih "'~sriidan \\¥'~ srayisn ,~sarmag \~ sarasar ~srub ~

srayidan\\~

srcSk 1~ sraxtag \~~sristan \\~

wadI~

sardih "'U~ sargen \~sard, srat \~ sriswadag ,~tD~sardag \~~ srcsk \~

166 PAHLAVI KEY

[142] [I.p]

sahmgen nUU' syahag\~

sahmgenih ""'U \\.s.6U' gehanig \~\-"UU)

sastar \...~ gchan \\"'\)U)

sastarih +~ saxUirih +~saz- -4l)U) saxtih .AU~

saxt \If.)U) saxt ,~

raw-I -\,~ saxtan, saxtan \\tt)UW

rawen-1 -,.. " tt.JU) sag, sak -.....wrawenidanl ,\~ \,,\\l'C\U say-

-~

rawisnt \ t"\') \ \tV\» sahigih"""U~

raftanl \\~ \\ tV\).) sahig, sayag \~

saxtag \~l'tN'sas -(Y'U>

sabz ~san ,t"'U'

sase' -'U.' saxwan" 1""'U'

si ..1.tl sahOg ,~~

hastad" ~ sak\~

sagen ,r-uv sarcn- -~nawad:-;" ~

sarenidan \\~~sen ,t"'U' salwar ~~senag

~ \~tuJsalagih ~}...w

sen murw \ t6 K» salag \~sczd as" ), sahm -GU'sezden ,~ samanomand ~r(al"~

haftadN~ saman \t""'6U'

darr-t -\,~ sahmgen,,..~

PAHLAVI KEY 167

[lfoJ [139]mastog ,~,te.»G marzoban ,,.,..V~

mehtar '\~ marzisnih "Ut-o~

mastarg ~~ marzisn '\"")~mizagomand .. t€t ,.., ~ eJO mardanagih "'\)~~~

mizagdarih ~~eu; mardanag \~t"'~mizag \~~ mareabukih ~~\eY~

roynI~ marcabuk '~'Cl)'~

maskabarzen '~t.Y~ mard ,w.\-Gmaskizag \~O~ mardo111 --6\~l-2mask

\~ mardomih -"U'G\~

dehI Nte6 mardomzadagih "b~tt.tSE,\~

dehganI\~Y"W-6 111ardomzadag \~~\~

madur ~le.(; eel~

mih \te6 cc-ewcnagihl "'U ~ t' MY rt;Gmadan, 1-3111ihr "\€G ce-ewcnagl

\~t' NY~

mihrodruJ c;~ t"'" \'~ ~eihl"'U~

mihrodrujih .AU';~ ,... \\te.6 -masay~-

Inihrdroz ~~ ,'te.G mehtar \\'U1>6mihrzan ,$ "te.G mchtarih ~~mihrodruJ ~~~\\te.& mchen- - t-Wo6mihrodruJih "'\) '\~ ~ "M!6 mchenidan \\\-(,) tu>Gmihrbull \ ,- Q.) \\ teG mehenisn \1'""U~

mast \~

see also 0"'t.' , 0-u 0..1.) mistan \\ ttt:U'6giyah, s)'a ~ llla;;togih AU~'~

16R PAHLAVI KEY

[138]

\~[137]

~t6mazgit murdar

mizne .AU'tSG murwag \~~t6may ~ morwarid \&~~magas -o~ murwIzag ,-,eu~~

padir~r -,~~ murw \~~padii-isnI '¥'U'~M7 murwnis ~\~t6padiriftanI ,,~\~~ murnJen- - ~ C;~cGmagind '\\-'6 murnJenidan \\l'O)I~)1'6makog "''6 mord, murd \~tG1-2mar ~ murdan "~16marg ~ mustomand "~l""\e»t6

margomand ..~~ 1-3must \lU't6

margarzan \Y"'~ mustabarmand ~~t)"'~~margih ~ mustgar \~K»tGmany \k moz <;~

sahI AI~ mozag \~'\~

sahan sahl At~~~ 1~2mu~k\~t6

marag \k must \~t6

hamhisnI

N"'~ mllstan \\WJotG

mari': ~ mudag \~totG

man:- -~ muhrisn '~t"rGmarCabllkih ""U , \ t.>'~ mazg, mizd ~marcabuk \~ \0)'~ mizdwar b~marzillan ,,~~ fro(x)s-I -,,,4marzangos "'\\,.-,~ froxtan I

\\lD'.~

PAHLAVI KEY 169[136] [1351

3mb:isnih AUt"UU6 menogwen'iht..-u,,~ .. \t-6

I-lImeziin \t'\)CU'6 menog'ih~\t"&

mel .AU""6 menogigih ..-u !.).t ,tA6

miJiig \,~ menogig \~ ,\"'6meSag \.t'\)A6 mewag \~t-'6

messar ~ moymard \~t"6medyozarm ~'t'106 mowbcd \¥'CUt'6mihoxt \te.Y,tU6 menisnig \ \H--o \"'6lUZt

t6 menisn \ t"\) tt-E.muhrag \~(6 mezd, mizd ~mang, moy "'r6 mezdban \~fl)~saxwanI

~~ mizne .AO'kmoyen \tUt6 mlEy ~tisI , cisI "6t'(6 mayg \Y-G

tis-iztc,-6t'r6 mcrag \~

moyag \il r6 namagi -"~muhr ~r6 laharI

-6'Gosmar-I -"~r6 sah-I

1~osmarisnI

\ t-"U " te.J r6 sahistanI

"~,rcs66osmurdanI

,,~\ I tC,) t6 sahisnI

\t"UI~keI \r6 mij 4)6

murdar \.., t", 1'6 l-3meZ_-06

mag \~r6 mczid~n \lK'et>Gmor ~r6 mijfig

\~'U6

mulan \~r6 mijag, mizag "4>6

17° PAHLAVI KEY

[134] [133]mazdesn 1~

2jamI r6t-6

mahist, mast lte.1Y"6 m1ins3r '\.»~

mazandar ~,~ mans3rbar »»~mas, max8 ~ mans3rspand ...\~\"""&royn1 ~ maraspand ~,U»~

1-2madayan, \l""O'~ manb1in \""4U~m1idiyiin

manbed \~Q.)~

madayar ~te.)'6manisn \~~

madist ,~~

\~~mazanigmadagih AU~~ mazandar ~~m1idagig

l~'~ mazdesnih .A\.)~1-2madag

\~te)'E,mazdesn \~

\1~t'V'Gmadagwarfradag1 ~

madar ~)-f..)Io(;~mar

abI, mcx .AU-6~abgcnagI

mal-, mar-\~t0-"06

\~mchan I t-"\.t6marag

mczd ~marig \~

may, mch ~malidan \,~

sahrcstiinI ~r-u6purrI ~

mahist ,~marisn6mand ~r6""'~

men- -t-A6 marisn \~

moymard l ~~ mardan \\~menidan \\t-V t'6 mchmanih .A\)~

mcnug .""t"'6 mchman ,~

menogwcn1 \\~~\~ mazdesnih ~~

PAHLAVI KEY 171

[132] [13 1]~(i)m -6- rapihwill It'A) t().}mah -V6 rapihwilltar "\", t'tU~~mahi'g~ll \~~ awar[

~\~mahig \~ ruhiitlan \\"'I~mayan \~ ra£tar ~~~mayanag \~t"U"G raz ~mayanJigi'h AU~c;~ tarl

, (tan) \~~mayanJig \~c;~

lajall ,,~

mehmani'h .AU~ raziir ~,~mehman \~

razin~~

mazdcsn\~

razmgah ~~mayisn ,~ tart

\'"'~ 1r'~=zan-l

-\\~ Rasa \~zanisn1

\t"'U"~laskar \W

zadant \\ lD"teY'6 laskarigih .4U~~1-3man-

-~Iaskarig \~~

managi'h .AU!"" t-6 rastall \,~manag \¥'~ ristag \~tW

mand " t-"""6 ratlomalld '~¥'tOmandagih ~ ~t""'6 radih ~~

mandag, manig \1)t'.M6 ratl ,~

manist \~ t-N"6 ratlunay ...,\~ministag

\,~~radag \~~

man \t-6 cdar[ ~~manag \~r-6 raJpassag \~ Q,) tV

liZ !'AHLAVI KEY

[13oJ [ 129]

IY<;~hazar:-l ~ rozag

sih:-l, tOI ;> ranJcn~, rozcn~ -t"C;~

ragih ~~ ranJcnidan,'\~t""~rozcnidan

rag ,~lawzcnag ,~t',,~

asmaI , sihom:'-i -G'~rozig \11 '\~

hazarag~ ,~~rozwarag \~\,,~larz- -~ rozan \\<;~larzidan ,,~0'5ranJwar ,\, '\~

ram ~ rozward \~\~-~abgan-t -,,~

rozgar ~,,,~abgandanl

\\"'\,~ ranJag, rozag \~c;~ramag ,~ rozbanag \~t"'O"~ras- -~ roz~saban \~&'Uc,~rascn~ -~ rosnih -"\)t"\)~rascnidan "KJ~ rosl1 \t"'O~rahig \~ rosnag "MJ~rasiuan ,,~ rosngar \~..-u~rastarih ~~ rodhar ~~~rastan \\~ rodigan \r'''' tD~rastag ,,~ roJig \~to~lab ~ 1--2rod ,~~-ruhay- -..LU~ rudan \\¥'~lipi, rabih AU~ abagI

,,~~rapihwin \~4>..1Y~ r05tag ''-'~"'~rapihwin \Y\~d raz, sad=" s\

PAIILAVI KEY 173

[128] [1.17]royan, roycll ,tQ~

ristaxez t)V~randidan \\tb'~ rist ,~

pcsl

\"'~1-2ristag ,.~

royisn ,t'\Y~ rez- -.}sarI

c6'\Y~rezisn \~~

nestihI--U"t,)~

1-2res ~nestI

\ tt!.,)~ rcsidan \\~riin- -,~ resag \~ron \\~ resken \\~ruzd ~~ rcskcnih "'U\,~

ruzdih ~~ riStag \~~royn-xwardig \~~,.., \slt .ridan ,,~

royn ,,~~ redak \~~riirag ,~~ raw-

:::.J~jawManl ~~ ruwanig \i)tN )~

amaI tG~ ruwan \!:J~rospigih oIlU~UJ~ rawagih AU~\~

rospig '~4.U~ rawagen-

-~~"rostag \.Y~~ rawagenidan \\~ "'¥')~

randidan, rustan \,tU) ~ rawag \.!:.l~rob V~ rawisnih ""UK)\~rob- -V~ rawisn 'KI.)~robiih A()-V~ rang :;~ranJ, roz c;~ H roy

~~rozanag \~r'<\~ rand-, roy-

-~~

174 PAHLi\VI KEY

[I26J [125]

-~rad ,~ ran·

daw.l -1\~ abazl ~~

Idawistanl \\~,,~ abazsarl ~~IdawidanI ,,~,,~ abazsarihI ~~(ZIN) J ran \~

wuzurgI

~ rahag \~

wuzurgihI ~J ul l~

wuzurg-framadarI \,..~ Q)~ ulihI~

dill ~~ uHimadiinI \,.... .-"l'tJU~

warrI~~ ram ~

dill d nanI ~riy- -~ ramen- -~riyahrih ~ ramcniclan '\,t6~

rextan ,,~ ramisnig \~~

ray, rah, (22") ~ ramisn \~rah ~ raspig \~~

rasan ,~ rastih -'U~

rasiig \~~ rast \~imI ~~ raz ~

reg \~ riizig \~W

sabI ~ razkirrog \~~~~payI ~ labag \S~

rem ~ la.bakkar '\~S~rcmanih ~~ liibakkarih ~~~~reman ,~

radih ~~

PAHLAVI'KEY 175

[u4]kabotar

[ 123]

\"ICU'kadag \5t-Sm~n-I -\~~" kabkanJir ~"""5Q)~manistanI \\M1t ,~~, kabk ,'VSmandan! \\\~'~~J kafe

~Q)~

kafcag\~c;eu'

manY, wist:-l ~ kaf~--UCO~

net ~ kafsag\~CU.s

ruh- -~ kafSgar ~~(l)~rah-

-~ kaftan \ W'Q.) ~rah, (2f') ~

kas, ki;i -"U,ray, ray ~ kes-

--"'CJ~

rayomand .,~~ kdidan \\~,

raIl

~kisniz o t"\)'

riihdar kasawa~ \~t"'U'riihdarih ~ kask \.Yu5raycn- -~ kaStig \\)~S

raycnag ~\y~ kadar ~~~rayenidarih t'b~ kadar-iz-c(w) ......,~~~raycnidan \\~~ kadar-iz-C(\v) ~~~~rahnimay ~~ kadam -<~~

raycnisn \t-u~ kadam-iz-C(w) ~C;~ l".!rahigih ~M . kahas -o)D~

durI, rahig \~ kadagxwaday.-'W ¥'"" , to~

durI , rahig \~ kadagbanug \~\~j ~lG'.s

rayisn \~ kadagig\~~\"~

Ij6 PAHLAVI KEY

[122.)

\'-'~~'[mJ

0~kardagan karbas

1-2kardag \~~~ karbunag ~~kam -G~ karg ~~

kamandar \.ut-6~ kirih- -~~kamun

'~'askambI ~,

kamal W, kirren~ -~~kamalig \~~ kirrcnidan \\\'tj~~

kamistih~~~ kilN ~S

kamist \~~ diz1 ~~~kamzor )~' xwan-1 \\~~kamzorih ~~~ xwandan1 \\¥,"~ ~kamar ~~ kulang ...~~kamarband ~' kirrog ~~~.maygl ..uQ...,GS askambI ~,arzi \Q.)..» ~ kargas -0'"~ ~kastar '\...t"W, karkchan \M.)~'kastarih +lV.t, kark \~.skchtar ")1'b" karm, kirm ~~kaf

~, karmir ~~kaf- -Q.)~ karb, kirb ;}!'kabflh .AU' OJ, brafs -<Jd,kabarag \~4)~ karbunag \~\~'kabig '!.lQ)~ karzang .:;\~~

kabiz U Cl.J~ kardar ~~~kabOd \~\4J~ kardarih ~~'

PAHLAVI KEY 177

[120J [II?]~,,~kirbakkarih ~'V,~ kundur

kirbag, kOfag \'V" kiin ,,,,kiiftan "t4QJ\' kiinmarz ~'"klic ~,~ kunJilI \\oCC;"9

kGcak \~~ \~ kunjid \}Dc;".skos~, kus~ ---u\! kunisngar \S~'"kosidan \'~'.5 kunisn \t"'U ",

k6sk\~"

karak, kiik \S\~

kustanutvU "

kor '\\~

kardiir '\....""H\ kulaf ~\~kardiirih ~~,~ kuliicag, kulfifak \~~'9kantigr ~~,~ kordil ~\~kant \¥' \ 4 kullag, kurra~ \~\Skandan, karuan \\lO\S kurkllm ooG'~'Skardagiin

\,....S~"kumig \~\S

kardagiir ~~"'~ kustig \'UM(2),~

:lkardag, kodak\~~\S

1-2kllst INl1" 5

kardespiis -<,yo' fCl' , ~ kostan ,'t«», ~nhy' -.-S, kllstag ".-e.u"dandan' .-~~ kllsta~hed '''''~§~ I'karr, -gar. ~~ kOf eu ,,,

kar- -'), kob- -Q)'~

kariin \~~ kOfig ,~tJ ,~

karxos .A\)~~ kirbagig\~~ CU"

lsag l ~~ kirbakkar ~~eu'~

C 6684 N

liS PAIlLA VI KEY

[lISJ [U7J

'),t' ,kan- -\3 ktn\\ al'

har(\\,)1 oN \~kcnwarih ~,t'''

kanar, kennar \....,~ kayak \~,

kanaragomand 're;,..,~,~ ker ~,

kanarag \~\5 kirrogih AU~jkennar~ray ~Ij kirrug \~~~k6xs- -~\~

kern 4-'kuxsidan \\~\~ kesar '\..u.."koxsisnig \~~,~

8an~l .,Io.I~~

koxsisn\~,~

kcwud \~\Q,)'S

kawiidak \~l'U\~kcc vJ

koy ... ,-' kes, kiil ~,

nayt "'U" kcs- - ---0'"

kUlldiigih AU YU\~ kcsdiir ~,

kunoag \"'<'''9 kdidan \\~,

naycstiinI\l"~,~ kiswiin

'Y"~S

kanllan ,\" " kiswiinziir ~~~KY-'kanig \~\~

kisw \ t"\.)'" ,

kanizag \.5Cl,,, , kiswar ~~,

xwiin-I -\\~" kiihvziir '\..c;~~xwandan l

"~ \,~ \~ kistan\\~,

-gl"n \,~-kcoigih AC.J ~.HV'

nunT,,~ ked \tV"'

kun- -\\' -ag, -:lk ,,-w,lrragT .... " , iih i

\t.

P AIILAVI KEY 179

[116] [It.'>]

\....,kamaghanjamih~"t"'~'

1.. 3k:!r

kamagxwaliay """'lD~~' kar- -\.uSkamgar ~~~ wang! ~~1-2kamag ,~, :!kar-an \~,kamagwidar ~~,w:, karagah ~~skamrawag ,!::,.)~~ karagahih ~~~kainistan ,,~, kardiig ,~-'kastar '\...,~, karIgih AO~Skiistan \\t(.UM .s kiirIg ,~~kac Q.)J' karczar ~~~kabcn ,t' Q)f' karawanig \~t"'~~kapiir ~\Q)" karawan ''''~3kaliag ,~te,)' ~ karnamag \~~~..

~~'JwasT ~~ kahrubay

wasxwiistagI\~~Y"~.s kiilbodomund .. r6 ..... ¥'I~~

:!kay ..tg kalbod \lDl~~dro1 ~, karframan \~~,drodiidwarih I ~J\\t)(.)~j kard ,,.&,,kch -0, kiim -G'"kahist '~.5 kam- - -Et'~

gospal1(P ~t' " arell ~,

kcwan ,~t'~ kamistan \'~i

kenIg \~t" kamzlwisn \tAOk,-gcn It"~ - kama~umand -' r6' t"'!G" ,ken \'"' , kamaghanjam

~~r~'

180 PAHLAVI KEY

[114] [113]zardcobag \~Q)V;~ zay~1

-Jt~zam ~ zayisnigI

\\)t"'U,~zamig \~ zayisnI

'l"U,~zaman ,~ zadanI \\¥'\~zastan ,\te,uS 1-2zreh

~zafar \~ zarren ,~

zadar \..tteS zargonih "UI~zadan \\to zargon ,,~

zadiig ,~,tO zarigomand ...t6""~zaxm -eteS zarig \~

zarr(i)gar ':\~kah- - AU" kar-I -,,~kahen- -tUU', kistarI

~~"~kahenidan ,,~t'\)UI' kistanI

\\\",,~kahidan ,,~, zaliig ,,~

kiihisn \t-'U'V,s zraw- -t.\~kaskenen \..~~, zarwan ,t-'4)~

kasken ,t'~, zruftan ""'f)~kaskenag 'S..~S zarmanih ~~hammisI , hamistI t6U" zarman ,~kahwan -!!)~~ zardaliig \.~~-ganag \St"',S- zardih AU~kayk \y~ zard \~kakom -6\Y, Zardu(x)st ,~),~

-gar ~s- zardag, zardak \~t6s

PAHLAVIKEY 18r

[IU] [III]ziizag '9~ zindagih AU~\t&

zor, zilr ~tS zindakknr ~~n.s

zoromand ...",~,s zindag \~\~

ziirgugay ~~~~ xridanI \\\0 ,t'Sziirgugayih ~~~~ zi(wi)stan \\~t8

zorig \~~ zI(w)isnomand ... rEt~ tAU \'\S.zurwan \t'" ~,s zi(w)isnih .AU~~

zofay ..AUQ)~ zI(w)isn \t"UtS

zofayIh .AUA-vtS zIrak \~zofr ~Q)~ zcfiin \r' cu---Szofray ~Cl)lS zist ,~

zofr-payag \¥O-~Q)~ zayt\~

zanjIr ~c..~ zan- -tSzanisn ,t"U~ zohr ~,szotIh, ziidih JtU"'~ duzdr JIU)tSzot, ziid 'lD~ zllwiin \~)~

wahigI ¥S l·~zaml. :;~

anI § zang :;~

anyl .A.N~ zanih ""U~narl ~~ zandikIh AU~~nibcs-I

-:...!lYtD~ zandik \~~nibistanI

\'¥'2lY\O~ zangig ,~tSozan-I - ,';i~§ zandag ,~,s

ozadan1 \\¥'\~'fO~ zandbcd '~Cl.Y ~1-2zrch

~ zan ,-$

182 PAHLAVI KEY

[II0] [109]zahag ,~ wadtohm 4''-'-'zahrag ,~ wattom ~.td'.."

zamyad ,~

%amen--~

zaha~

%amcnidan \\~~zyanomand .,rG ..... t"U4S

zadan"~

zyan ,~

%adag \,~zyangar ~'IJ'OO

%ibal ~ziyanag 1~tAC.HS

I-I, zay- -ASzaha, zahag, z5hag ,~

zih~

.zahar, zahr ~

zi(w)- -~zahrag ,~

zcnhiir ~~zaxm

~

zenihyund -'\t.... tSzahabag \~CUU\S

zenabzar \"-'t;~~zay ~%arrI ~zcndanlg \~.t'"U~zarrcnI ,~

zcndall \t"U~

zcndanbiinzay~ -~

\ t'"V t"O.~zahih ~

zcncn-, zincn-, -r- t8ziwcn- zayistan \\~

zcncnidan,\\l'4U t'tS

zayc ~zincnidan,zi\vcnidan zaycag \~~

zindagih ""U~,..8 zaniig \ ~,t"'Szenig, zindag ,~ t"S z6r ~t"'S1~2zen ,t8 ziiz ~

xrin-I-l~ zahagomand "''''t''''~

PAHLAVI KEY 1:-;3

[108]

~,.\[107)

wadgarih. asnawisni.\t'\)\~'

widerisnih ""U~~\ asnudanI,,~\~\

widerisnig \~~Y'\ nisast \te1Y'U\widerisn \~"" nisastan

\\~,

widimas ~¥'\ wastih .AU~\

widimasih ~~, 1-2wastan\\~\

widimasig ,~¥'I wastagih "U ~\"VU\

widimustih AUtC.NwC'-' wastag \~teN,

widimust \t«.N~tol xwar-I -1t6tt>U\widestig '~~t"1 xwardanl \\¥'\tG~\

widest \tUY~1 widaxtan \\~~,

wad \tDl wadxcm -6'\.)J ,0 \

wadwazag \~t,)'\,.,1 willar ~ "',widang ... \Y" widar- -'-~\wadkamagih "'UJC' ~ ~, widiiridan ,,~¥'\wadkamag ,~..s¥,\ widardan \\~~,wadagih AU ~¥' \ widaz- -t.)'~\

wadag \~~ \ widazih-- AU Cl.)' '" \

wider- -\.p, widazihistan '\~OY¥"

widarag ~~\ wadbaxt \~)~\

1-2pay_I - \~ l'" wadih AU ~\

1-2padanI \\~\~ to\ wall-dil ~~\widardan \\~ to \ wadgohr ~.~ 10\

widest ,~tD, widcr- -\..,."widastan

"~""widcran \~,.o\

11)4 1)AlILAVI KEY

[106] [105]nisan-, ,visan~ - t""U\J\ wizihisnih AU t"U""U '\ \

wis6mand .., t6 t'"'O\), wizihisn \t"U""U" \nisastan C,~\ wizin- -t'C\\

wisad \te.J"\JU \ wizen ,tI",wislid-dwlirisnih ~ \ te.,)4.,)U\ wizengar \~t'~\

-AU :=::,)'"wisadan U'(,)UU\ wizir '-"".,nisem ~\ wizir- -~C\'niscmag \~, wiziristan \\~C;\niseb ~\ wizirisnig \~~<;,nisebig \~~\ wazidan, wizidan \\~,,\

wis6b- - q) t'"U, wizohjy- - ~ \C; \wis6bisnig \ '\) t"O t,)~ \ wizohjyisn \~.. ,<;,wis6bisn , I"'U eu t"'U \ wuzurg )),,,,wisuftan \\¥'CO \"'U \ wuzurgih ~\'"wisiidan \'l" t"U' wizurdih ~~\,,\wisiidag \~~t"'U' wizurd \~\" \

wiskidan \\~~, wiz6stan\\W-» '" \

wasag \¥U\ waccag\~~ ,

wiskin(n)- -\.YU, wuzurg . ~C;\wiskOf- -V\~\ wuzurgih ~~,wiskOfag \~V\~\ wacast ,tU'" \wiskuftan \\\'" Go)\~1 wizistan

\ \ \'e.1) '; \

wi~kin(n)isn\t-"O\~\

wazisnig\~t-"Uc; \

wiskar \¥U\ wazisn\~C\'

asnaw-1-\~, nisayisn

,~,

l'AULAVI KEY 185

[1°4] [1°3]

ItfAJ~\wafr \cu\ nasrust

nifrin \~ 4)\wisistan ,,~\

Wafrcllag ,~~ cat, wisp Q.)3) \

nifridag \'~Q)\ wispurdan \\~,CU»\obad-Ji>ft-l - ,~Q)\ wistaxih .AU¥\1~\

obastanl \'~ \~Q)\ wistax ,~~,

llibard- - ~ Cl)\ wastar '\,.,~\nibardidan \,tU~Q)\ wastarih ~tU',nibard \~Cl)' wassadcn ,,.,~\

nihardag \~~Q.)' wassad\~\

nibastan \\\'UJ CU, wastohmag\~\~\

mlhz C?,t)\ wistan '\M.U \""fisn \ t"UCU\ wastar, wistar ~l'W'xwcsl .s-u CU\ wistar- -~l'Ut\xwcst".n[ \\¥' rtflU ~ \ wastarag, wistarag ~tcvlnibistan \I~CU\ nastaran ~ t«UJ Il-21laft \l"V\ wistardan '\~t4W1waz- -'\' Widadafs "UCO~\

wizar \..-'\' nab CU\wiziir- _\...,,\ waf- -tJ\

wizarisn '~C;\ nibastan \\~cu,

wizardan .\,~" \ nibay- _ 3 Ql\

wiziirdwars ~, ,t&-c; \ nibcg\~CU\

wizih- - .."" \nibcm -64l)\

wizihidan ,,~~\ ,,-ahz Sv\

186 PAHLAVI KEY

[102] ~ [101].s),wardisn'ig'ih -"''it~ \

3warz

wardisn'ig \~~t6\ warrag \~\wardisn \\AUt6 \ nann, 1-2warm ~\-om "'6 \ - uyl ~\nam -'G\ awcsanI

~~\nimay- -~\ nirfs- -.sJ~\namaz ~\ nirfsisn \t"'U.V~ \wimehgcn ,,~\

1-2warz ~\nimiidan \\"'tEo\ warz· -~\namak \H\ warzawand '\tA'~ ,namad \te.G \ warzag \y~\nasa, wise '"""'U.' \ warzblim ~~\wisay- ~\ warz'igar ~~~\wisan- -t"'U)\ warz'idan \\~~ 1

·wisandan ,,.. t"U) \ warzisn \M)~\wcz-I

-I~' warcasm -EfU~ \wextanl

\\~,~, warisn \~\wisiinisn'ih .AU to"\) t"U.' \ ward- -tC\wisanisn \ 1""0 ttU' \ wardanag .\!\'"~~ \

namaz l t<W\ wardcn- -t-'~,wasyiir ~\ wardcnidan \\~ ,,~\wisin(n)- -tw\ wanlyiin \\~~\wasyar ~~\ 1--2wardagih

.AU~~\nask

\~\wardag \~~\

nasrllstili AU t(.)u~ \ wardisnih--U t"U~ \

PAHLAVI KEY 187[100] [99]

-~,\xwastagI ""C» 5\ nigar-

waydan ,,., ...~ nigarag ,~s,

01~\ nigastar \..~-"

nar, l-4war ~I lrnadagI ..,\waray ~\ madagihI

~'"waran \~\ nigextan ntOU,\.

waromand -'t6~, kus-I- \t'U "

waromandih ~t6~\ kustanI "tt" ru"Wahram ,~, nigcr- -~.5'waraz ~I nakkira ~"wiraz- -~, nakkirayih ~S1warg ~, nigeridan "~,,walg .-:s, nigerisnig \\)~Slwircxtan ,,~, nigcrisn ,~,\

\vars ~, nigcz4U~'

nargis ~, nigcz- -4.'-"wircg ,S} , nigezisn 'I"'UU" ,wircz-I -,,~ I wak

I"~wircxtanI \\"""~, nikoh- - .....,,'\wircz- -.}, nikohidan \\~",

w~lranigih -"U '-l ~, nikohisnig \~~\~,

waranig ,!.\~ , nikohisn \~\S,

wurroyiSn n"o~~ , nigunih ""Un "waran ,~ I nigiin "'5'wirozag ,'C;~ • nigiinsar ~"Sl

I8S J.>AHLAVI KEY

[98J [97J

~~"niwistan Ute.» \\ winahgarih

winastag "t'«.U \\ nh',ag ,~\\

wanafSag \~4)\\ winah--~"

winJisk'~C:;"

winahidan,\~"

nizar ~\ winlihisn \~\\

nizarih ~, nang =-'Uniziirih- -~, wind- _.IU

nazd ..s, windaoan \\~"

nazdikih AUwS, niwey- --unnazoik ,~, niwcy- -~\,

wizend .,..s, niweyen--~1l\\

nazdist ,~, niwcyenidan \\~t'1)"

wizcnd "'~'I niwc, wandag,~"

wizand- -~~, wanigarih ~~"wizandag \~~, niweyisnih .~ r'U~\,

wizandisn ,~tS' I niweyisn\t"'U ~"

wizandidan \\~~\ windisntg \~~\I

wazay §., windisn'~'I

wazr '\5, wahmiin\ wan, win \\\saw-I -,~, wanand ~\\,

sudanI \\to,~, nozdah ~~\nigah -u"" , nog ""nigahdarih ~'I nogzad \~~"nigahdarisnih .au~" nogzadag

\ 9 te.Jo8 , "nigan \t"',. nogroz ~~~"

PAHL\YJ KEY IS9

[c}(;] (95)

\~\wizih- -AUV' wigrad

wizihidan ,,~O, wigradan ,\~\

wizihisnih -AU~~\ llt:rang :;~\

wi7,ihisn ,t"'UAUU \ ncrogjjmand .I"'t""~~\neziimanih .AU r-Q' f.) , llt:rjjg \~~,ncziimanig \1).....-.s I U\ nil6pal )f.)l')~\neziimun ,t""6I'" ninnadomand "tG,..,~,nezag \ ~,,\ nirmad \~\wezisn U·'O~, nl::m, wem -6'\wes, wis .AU' , wemiir ~\nis~ -~, ,Yemiirih ~,

nisan ,t-'OU-' , llema!';p ~,

wcsagig \~~, "'imaml ,,~,

wcliag '.¥\YI wimandomand "~~f4I,

wcsagestan \""toe.» ~, ",imandig \~~,

zanT ~I wimustan ,,~1'4it\

zanihT ~~, nemag l.w,wed \M,) \ I1t:mroz ~~\widwar \, l'4l) , nemtan \,~,

widwarih ~\~, nisag ,~,

nidom -(; \ tf..' \ wished \,.,~,

hayT~"

wist \~,

winah -U-II wcwag "t)-' ,

winahidan \\~II wiftag \~~Q.YI

winahgar '\.u~" 1.2We;f,- -00'\

PAIILA\"1 KEY

[9+] [93]nckih ""U ~ t' \ was 00\nekgohr \.... 1" St"\ ,,'is -tY\nckgohrih ~t' ~t"\ wasnad ~t<J,

nck ,~"'\ nix\\"ar- - \...,jtO\

nckog \~\,,,\ nixwarisn ,~\tU\

winnirdan \\~ '" \ nahang, nihang .. tU\wiyufs- --"Vt"\ wiyoz- - C; tOtwiyufsisnig , ~ t""U.V Q) ... \ wayodagan \t- S\D\"U\

wiyufsisn'~CUt"

wen- (v. didan) -t',wenisnig \~t"Ut'1 zamanl

.AI '" \

wcnisn (v. didan) \t'\) t'1 wenagih""" ~ t' ,

wizay- -~\ wcnag \~ t',wizayisnig ,~~\ winnar- - ~t',wizayisri \~\ winnarisn \~t"wizastan \,~\ ncwardaxsir \.a...u.-~t' \

wiziidan "to~, ,.... innardan \\~,.\-cndag 1~,- wenah CU" ,., 1

nil,1-3wir \.s, wcnabdag \¥UQY r\wiray- -~\ wcnabdag '~~Q,)' t'"

wirayisnih ·AU~\ niyuxs- -~t"

wirayisll ,~\ niyoxsidan \\~t',

wirumandih .A(,V~~\ niyoxsisn \~t'\

wigras- -~\ wenig \ ~ t'\wigrih;isnih AU~\ new, wcn

\\" \wirastan \\~1 welli)g

,~\"'\

PAIILAYI KEY 191

[,)z]

~~\[9 1]

wa.\:8warih naf, ,,'1iz Q1\

naxsag \~\ 1-2waz_, wiii:.. -Q)'\

waxsisn \ I"'U"1Y' \ wazar ~V'\wahistig ,~~, wazaraganih

AU ""~~ \'wahist \tbUN\ wazaragan , ..... ~CU'\\Vadam --< teJ'\ wazig '\)Q)' \wadgin~ag \~~teJ'\ naxcir ~t>'\wad \~\ 1-2wazidan

,,~ 4.)1\

wadrang .I~~\. nazuk\~'Q)'\

wudrangboy ~~~\ n1ifag, wazag \ ~cua,wiidban \,.., Go) K)' \ "\\'abar '\4>'\nahiinazdist \~l-\\ wubarIganih -'U ,., ,) Q)t \

tal ..., waharigan \"~Q.)"wch ~, nazi;;n,· wiizisn ,...-oU\

nihanig\~K)U, was, 1 ~waxs At..Y" I

nihan ,...-ou, 1.2wax8--~\

wchih ""U-"U \. wixsay- - -u\Y" \wchdcn \K.)AO\ "'axsig

\~\

wihcz t)"'U\ waxsgar ~\wihcz-

-~\ ,yixsayisnihAU~,

wihczagig \~ ~ U""U, "'ixsayisnig \~~\

wihczag\~ U"'O\ wissayisn \~,

l wiyaban\~lZ>U'

1~2waxsidan\\~\

wiyaftan\\t4~,

waxscndag\~~,

1-2wcxtan\\tbu\ 'Y:lxswnr ~~,

192 PAHLAYI KEY

[9°] [89Jnaxod

""~\girisnigI , i) tI'\) , I"U' \

nal-, wal-, War- _\...., griftanI , kardanI\\~\tu'\

waranig \\)~\ naydag\~"'tU\

",arar. \~, wahig \~\

narig \~\ wihir- -"\.,...,\,,\;~ilidan, waridan \\~\ narig \~\wulan ,~\ wihirisn \~\\Varom ~~\ naysray ~\walisn \~\ nayizag \~~,

num -6" \ wun- ~~\

wiim- - -4" niyoxs- - ""U'" t-' \namburdar ~~, niyoxsidan \\~\""\

namigih"'U~,

niyoxsisn \~,....\

namig \u.cr\ wang ., to-' \

wamidan,,~\ wanidan \\~ ...,

namag \ .lC'\ nan \t""\namcistig ,~t<NC;<' Woriibarst ~~~j""namCist

\te.tu ".¢'\ 'yodijarst \~'\~~~\waspuhr \..-.,~, nohom

--6~'"uspuhraganih "'U\-"~,~.\ nihumb- =.jG t-' \

waspuhragan \ t-~ \ Q..U.t-<IIl \ nihumhidan \\~,..\

,vayidan,,~\

Wahman\t6~,

Wastar \~, naxust\tut~\

wastaryos ~~ te»"'\ nihoftan\\~Cl.) ~~.

wastaryosih ~~~\ \vanisn\~t""\

P AULAVI KEY 193

nay, nay, 1-2way, way

[88]nilla), wahar, wax1'

nisastanI , nisastanI

,~,

,t""U' ,

-.l!.Y~

-t"'"...!.!.Y~

\'~.ll.Y~

)1)tb

,,~,

1~ t"'\)',

\.t-'\.)'\

,~

\\t'()­

),tt,)

-(;,~

\-'~

~,~~

,,...~

~~J't!.)\Y

\"..tUJt""~

\~

\\teXV

~t'V

niyag, wahiig

dastiinestan

dlldigar

dad, did, gad, yad

-idan

dast, yast

dastan

dastanmah

yastan

udI

gadwar

didom

niixun

niya)'isn

wihan, wiyan

wihanag

jadisn

Jadarih

1-2jadag

Jadagwihirih

jadisnig

,~ 1'0""\

,~ro-\

-\K)'\

:.. ""'U \ to' \

-'r6~cuua\

~t6~~\

AU ~CUU'\

\~6\Y\

\,~\

\~~\

...... ,-....". ,

~\

~\\~\~\

\t-06V\~,

~\

AU '"'" VU' \

- t' Y'" U'U',

" tb t''''''' QJ'\)' \

\~~euu-\

,,...CUU'\~''r'tXY,wiyabangarih

niyaz

nih1idag

waharig

niyabagih

niyabag

\Vahram

ni):azomand

niyazomandih

wahman

wiyabanih

,,;iyiibiinen­

w~yabanenidan

wiyabUnig

wehmih

waxtan

wehm

1-2wiyaban

1-2w~y_

wayendag

wayendag

gir-t , kun-I

kirih-I

C 6684 o

194 PAHLAVI KEY

[86] [85]dastsoy .JI t"U te.s.Y xonI

~

dewan ,r- t"tY damenag \ ~t-tIdihirih --ot't.Y zamigig ,~~

dihir (,)\"'V.J' zamig\~

dibirestan ,~tuJ t'ctY zamigpaymanih ~~..,U~

1-2dahr, gabi \QP damidal1 ,\tbEtlxwah-t - \t-~ Q.)' mir-I

-,,~

xwastan1

""" \ ~t>' murdant\,~,,~

daftan \\',e~ ustarl~t6

daftar ~"'QY gow-l - ,\\~

diz, gae, gaz V guftanl ' \\t4 \\\t'6

daz-, gaz-, yazoo -0 gow-I-\~

gazag ,.!'" 4U guftanl \\¥'\~kam-l \16)" zamestan '''''''H!.U6kamistanl \\tU.' \ t6)V damisn \t"Uo-6'gacen \t'U yask \~

gazdum -6 .... U dastyar \.u.~gizistag \ ~ t-t..lY' eu dastyarih ~~dazidan, gazidan \, tt,)a"

dastgraw ..l)~ l«.»'':'izag \S~- dastgirl

\t'O'\~dazisn, gazisn, \ t""'U CU dastwar ~ )\\'f.V"yazisn

gisniz o I""'Ydastwarih ~)\~

dasn, Jasn \KY Jastan,\~

dasnag, gisnag ,~ ......." dastag,~~

dastanorriand ~~""t-'tV\Y dast(a)ginl ,~\,~

PAJILAVI KEY 195

P'4] [llJ]griftiir \..,.~ druslc\\az O'KV1(N}..griftaromand 'r6~"'~ dnl~tiiwaz ClYV'l()u~

griftan ,\,..,~ drustih "'"Utbu~

darz ~ drust \teJU~

garz- -~ dro<1 ,,.,},.darzig 11)& garodmanig ,1)~~~

garzidan \\tv& garodman \~tD~garzag \~~ gad;'; ~garzisnig \~t-'U& darak, gilag \~garzisn \t"UczY garm ~gard- --t& darman \~gardan- - tJ"~ garmag \~gardanag \~t-'~ gannabag \~~gardanid:m ,\t(.),..-.~ gannih ~dardumand JtG~~ dramanag, garmug t.5~girdih ~~ garmii\\'ar ~,~~gardidan \\~~ garm(l\\'arih ~\~~danl, gard, gird \~ "'dramanag ,~garclan ,\~ gannl'l'r

~girdag \~tU- darbas

-u-v~g:mlisn \~t& drubustih ""U~\~dam-

-~drubust \tb\)\~

zamanig \\.)~ drafs .AU~zaman ,~ drafs- - "'Ucz.}..zamanag \~~ draf?iiuan \\~~

196 PAlILAYI KEY

[82J [SIJdarridan ,\~ garanih A\)~grah N~ darhandarzbed \¥,Q.)~~drahnay ~~ yarranidan "t(J~druxtan \\~~ gariin \~grawih ~~ yarranisn ,t--u~dro, 1-2graw ...u~ gramigih '"U~drang

--~gramig

\~druwand ... \~ gramag ,~

druwandih ~\~ drayidan, grayidan \,~

1-2dron ,,~ draz, grab W,graw(a)gan ,~.s~ draxt \~galOg \~~ griy- -~drubustih ~~'4)~ grih ~drubust "'UU'et>~ dargiih ~druz ~~ garasmiin

\~dranj-, druz- -~~ 1 3griw ,~

dranjidan \\tb~}- griwag \~~

driiz:1nih "'0 \c;~ griwban \~Q)~

druzan "C;~ driyus ~~tlranjisn \K)C;~ uriyiisih ~~tlrii;; -'"O~ tlarigbcd \~V~dros- -~~ dilcr ~

driisidan \,~~ tlrc11l ~<.1roso111 -6~~ griyistan \\~drusag \~~ gilistag ,~~

PAHLAYI KEY 1<)7

[80J [79Jdllsmat ,~t'

dosastar ~~ t'

dllspiidixsiiy ~~~t'

dllspadixsiiyih~ toeY Q)"\) Y

dlIsfarrag ~Q.)""'\) '"

dllSfarragih ~~,..

dllsCihr ~ C2...,)0Uy

dllsl'asm -E;"U<U\) ,...

dllsl'asmih ~<tt\) ....

dtisisn ,~~

gust \t()\) to

dud\ '" t'

judan \\~tt

dlidag \ ~to t'

ga\\'dar \,.., ...gaz- -~yaz-I -\&yastan I ,,~~nay_oJ

-\~oidanl

\\"'\~gazidan \\~gazidag \~~nay_1 -,~nidan[ ,,~,~piikI

"""'-'~

dar, gar

draxt

darr-

-ig

drayabiir

6zadanI

drayii

mllyI

~.Y

-1~~Y,,~,~ ~ j-J

\..­'\..~

-~~

~~

\~

~driiy-, griiy- _~

driiyiinjoyisnih ""'CJ t"'\V to'~

driiyanj6yisn ,~ ..~

"~,~

-~

""""~\~~

daray

drayiib

driiyisn

pakihI

drayistan

pI

jagar

drahnay

yarriin-

yarraniig

198 PAHLAVI KEY

[78J\-.~,

[77]duswar, goswar dusoxig

U)t-OU~

duswarih ~~,. dUSQX , t"'\J\.) ,.

dusnam 4 t'"U\, dU8xwarst \~\l"\N~Gllsnasp

(U>M l""U" dushumat \~~r

duswir '\, t"U\' gososriid \,a~~~gusn \t"\)" dusxwadaylh ~ '" t"U'U~

gllsnag \' t"Ut' dusagah ~~~

duswurroyisnih "" t"1Y ~ ~ l' dusagahih ~¥'UUV

Gusnasp 4» t--ut' d6saram ~t'dllSka1l1 ~~,.. dliSarZ ~t-dosagih

"'" ~l' duslh .""'U"'Ut'

dosag, gusag \~,., dujdanag \ Y t"U""U rdllskanig

\~\~t' yojdahr ~t'duskunisn \~"~'"' y6jdahrlh ~rduskar ~~" yojdahrgar ~~t'uusral11 ~r yojdahrgarlh ~~t'ullsramlh ~,.. dlljdcll \K)-"\)y

dusram ~~ dusgowisn ,,.,-u )l"UU~

ullsramih ~r dlljgand .>rouvdlislllcnlh

4U~'"dlljgandlh .A\.Y t'O\)~

dllSll1cn \r-'6'\)t' dlljdiiysarih ~~'"dUSlllcllisn

\t"U~t' doslzagih""O~~~

duSlllcnadlh "U~~,. doslzag \ jU"'Ul'

dusnll'nihAU t6"\l'" dlljdaft

\V'~,.,

dUSIlJ(;1l

\t6'U "l~dui';Idall

"~\"

I>AHLAVI KEY 1()~)

[76] [75)dostih ..-e" tf,1t,. Jumbihistan ,\tUYU-J6 t'

dost It-e.u .- Jumben--~~

1-2dawistan UM» .. jumbcnidan "tU~,.

dopay ~Q.)t' jumbidan "~fgubrag \~Q)t' dumb

...l)G~

gubras- -~Q,)t' Jumbisn\~r

guftar \.... ~CU'" gumbad

~'"'guftarih ~"a)~ gumcxtan \\~"6~

guftan "~Vt' gumeg \~,...

dopahikar \~~Cl) t' g6~cz 06t"

duz~ ganJ, g6z, y6z ~t' gomcz-, gUlllcz- - (UGt'

doz-, duz--C;~

gumczagih ""0 ~ u-Gt'

duzih "'U c; t' gumczag \ ~CU6~

gozihr ~C;t' gUlllczisll n...·OCU6t'

duzdih """0-9 c; to' cnl~t'

duzidan ,,~ C:;'t' roz-saban1\~o.YU-6t'

duzidag, ~ t-eJ "lot dosaxwan "t""U.' t'

ganjwar ~\\~t' doscn·"·U'~

duzd\r:-~t' stan-l - \1"\.» r

1-2dos, 1-2gos ..A(,)~ stadan[ '\l" \tu.',...

1-2dos_, dus- -~tt dusrawih ~~~dusewazih .AU~ t'U'\)\.) t' dusraw --l,)~~dusxcm -E;'V01J r gospand ".., \ Q.)U t'

dusxw~r \., \""UU t' gospa1ll1cihrag \~~.. \ClU' t'

dushiixt '\~~t' gusta1l ,,....~, ...

200 PAHLAVI KEY

[74]

,t.\~"[73]

gurginig gon 'I"gursagih AU~t' gonag ,oS U·

gursag '~t- dowom 4"

durgar ~t' drustih .-utt1' ,t'

Jorda ...... ~t' drust ,tC.1'".Jorda \ yo'~ t' gowizar ~C:;'t'1-2gurdih ~~" gozenag \~,.srgurd ,te\" gugay

.Nt ~"gurdwar \..,~" gug.ay -OWJt'

gurdag \~~ .. gugayih"'C.Y""~"

dum, rozI -6t" gugayih ~S"

Joma -JM6t' gugan- - ..... .,t'Joma

~"gokiinig

\~~ .5t'gumanih AUt-6l' guMn ,l" ,t'

gumanigih AU~~f doganag\~,...""

gumanig \\)...-61" gugar- -~jt'guman 'r-6t' gugaridan \,~~"gumangar \St-6f gugardan \\~.s~gumiir- -~t' dok ,oS"gumardan ,,~.. gogirdomand ~~t"'~~t'gumardag \~~" gogird ,td,~

Jumb- =.J6t' dur, gor, gut \~dumbomand ~f6~~ dol ~t'Jumbagih "'U~t' gurbag ~.t'jumbih-

-~t-gurg ~~

l'AHLAVI KEY 20(

[7 ZJ (71)

gandallag \Y't't' gohragdiillag '~K'~rdrahmI , ... t' gohrag ,}-t'gandagih AU ~ .. dwazdahan , t-"lK.) QY \"

galldag '~t' dwazdah ...J'U V'yduysar ~t' dllxt, jllxt

\~'"juyisn

\~'"l'-~duxt,m

\\~""

judiigih "'U~~t" duxtar ~~'"'judag \ ~t'<.),. ldaw-, go\\'-

.::J"-judbcs ~~,. gowiig

\~\'"

Jud-dadcstanIN tQ te,)r J.2da\\'~11 ~)t"

jud\~~ dwiir- -~)\"

judnay ......... \t.f..) l" dwaridan "~,,,-cnidan \\tt)~ - dwaristan "~nJ12dawidan \\l'Vt' dWiirisn

'~.l"juttar \rv ... .F>(y) -llt"juttarih ~~l" gabr

2J~judristagih .AU'~t'Ot'

gabrih ~jt'judristag '~~l'e.)"

angubcn[~..H'

jud-dcwI~tCt*

gowii'.n ,,",,,-> )~

gand, gi>y, gung,-'l'"-en "", - jang, jiiy, jlly

gaw

'''' jiiy- -"l'"'1-2g11nd, gung ~\,.. 7', Note 3, p. :-.:j\" *-drustih

AU~'t-jll\\':inih ""4..) l""O~

drust \tt.u-- ,\" .. dandiin,lll\\'iill\~'"'

drustabed \1"V~ ,'" dug -0'"

202 PAHLAVI KEY

[7°] ..~ [6cJ]dagrand sumb- ..=.}6tudagrand-xwaday ,.AM"'t"U~ sumb -!..)G.tUdagr-ziwisn 't-<'U~ sustih -'O~tU

gilagobar ~Q),....r sust'~t'Q

gilag ,}..a.. suft \ t"VtO

dagr-pattay ......,tD~ suftan \\lD4,) to

dastI , xwarrahI t60 san}-, soz- -C;ruxwarrahomandI .... r6,..... f'6'O s6zag \~c:;tO

dastkarihI ~~n;() sozan

"" todast(a)girdl ll"'\ ~ f6'O sozisnig \1l...u<;tusam6r ~f60 s6zisn \t-o<; tudcs-

-~ sus "'0 tudcsidan \,~ sudomand , rEt t'" )0 KJ

-cn- - t-- sudabgar ~-'CU-lOtuguh .»~ sud ,~K)

guhraycn- -~t' sudan "~to

guhraycnidan \\~~" siidagih "'U~~tU

2gohrig \~,.. siidag \' to t<.'guhgard (oz:. pazug) '~l" sudmand ~r& to 1"0

guhward (~'. pazug) \~~r panjah:-<~

gawazn '~l' gcg,~

gannagih "'U~ r dagr, dil ~gannag

\ya~ gir- -~guhr \-,.. t1ili:r ~~l-Zgohrig ,~t' dagrzaman \~

I'AHLAVI KEY

[68]sang, SHy Jft' xwamn

sneh ~tU v. also 0»saHir, snexr ~l'O cehclN

salarih ~KJ Jeh

aspI .AU-O t-u jeh

susan ,to to des, gel>

denig \1) to dcsag

sangsar ~t'U yasn

snezag 'J Ute> andar!

Day, den, Jiw It'(.) ·v. Note 3, p. xiv

snoy .11K.) t1adestiin '

dcw6k ''''1'"0 s("ih-, swah-

sanwar ~,K) Sawah, snah

denudag \'~lt'<J dcwan

I-3sog" t'CJ

dewanag

sogand --'''tu gyag

Skandar ~'''tQ gyagrob

sofista 'Y" te» Q) ~ tcJ denar, dewar,suxr

Susyans -()~'t'Odcnastawan

sor, I-2sur \K)

~K'siihistan,

surax swahistan

suragomand ~~""'~HJ suhisnig

surag \~to sohisn

suragig ,~~tO sl"ixtan

sorag, surag ,~ 1"0 dcnburJar

Z03

[67]

,r:!J'.~

-U

~

--->'(,)

-o-:u\~

\l'O"

~

~-

.Nt-O

- .Aj t()

~tO

\~tu

\~t»tU

\~tt3

Q.)~Y'tO

)...,1'"0

\~ \'tt1.Y" to

\\lUY" K,)

,1)~t(.)

\~t"U

,\~ tv

\....~~to

20~ PAHLAVI KEY

\UQ.)'~

'S~.A\,)yt, h\~\~\~""'O

-E:U-'i,)~

\~

1~

\~~J.6'U

- \\t-e.e'U

\ ""'0 , \ t-ee'U

"l'C'''~~)~

\.1l~

,~

, \te.»"U ­

~~

~t'VU

\VU

-ihititan

giihiin

yiiztlah

daxmagcstiin

rasidan1

diimiid

dahisn, diisn

giiwdumb

daxsagomand

daxsag

giihiinig

daxmag, J~ jiimag

diirisn

diimadih

dalman

diirgardih

darmag

darug

diirwiizi"g1'~

~l'eJU

~~-()"1.) te,)U

,~~

\tv\)

~,~~ )\1'tJU

\\~

-\\~

\\ ,0 \ \ l'U\)

.AO~\~

\ ~\teJU

~~~~~

.-b~ )teJU

.-J-:..,..1

~\,~~

\ ~~ t"C,.)----"

~

~

[66]

tli>

mardI

diidmch

a-

diidcstiin

diithrar

l-:ldiid, jiid, yiit, yazd

giyiihizag

di>-axwanig:>:

dadiirih

jiidugih

dadar, gadar

diid~ii'h

diidig

jiidag

jiidag-gi)w

dastan

I) 1\ lILA VI KEY 2°5

[61] [63]jiiwcdiill, yawcd;in \,., 1't) t"'U diidanl

"......!!.Y'Ujawedanag \ ,,,.. It) t'U daS,l-3gah -()oAU

Jawed, yawed \t()K) gahwara~ ,~tcYU-dan \\-'\)- dar-l

-\~

dan, gyan\ """ darisn[ \t-o \ K.)"U

baw·I .. \\1""U dastanl\\~\tO"U

biHV ""U\\ to'\) das3 r ~bawisnI

\~\\~ yasaman\~

biidanI\\~ \\l"'U gahbcdih

.AU "Q)O"Ugyanwar '\\MJ gahbed ,~~

danag \~ t"'U dahigan \~~tou

jar \...u Gayomart \~~t'UUgawars .at'U dahibed \~Q)toU

danistan , ,te..U t""U dayaganih AU'" U"'Uappar-l -~~K' dayag \U"'UappurdanI \\\O,~ c.; t"'U Jahisnayar ~~danisnomand ~ r6 t'" ruK) jahisnayarih ~~~danisn \K)~ d~~~sn, Jahisn ,~

Jahiid \r't"U awar- 1 - \t'!U"U

yakand ~\Y'U awurdanl\\~\"tU-"U

yakand ''P\~ dan--~

.dar ~- danagih ....,~t-U

dar, gahl, gal '\..-u danag \,Yo'M)

dar- -~ gyanabespar '\....CU»D'~daren \~ gyanig

\\)~

206 PAHLAVI KEY

[62] [61]

-~)bizellk\~-Sl

brin-

hasn 't"'U \ hrinomand ...tCt~~)baskuc ~,~) hrin \~\

bringar \'N)it ~ brcz- -~)

'V. also -..-.0• ..A.O brczan "~)

-ih ""U- bristan "~\-ih- - ""U- bridan \\~\dah-, Jah-

- '""U briig \,~)-iM.

~-1-2brinJ

~Jay ..AUU

hrinjcn\'"'~

yazdan\~

barisn \~\gahiig \ ~ t-"'tJ"U harsniim -G\~)dahom

--G~xwasl

~)dchgan

,"" ¥OUxwasih1

~\Dahag

\.Y'OOg()st1

~gahl ~ bastan \,tot» .1dahliz ~ bistag

\~tcUJ )dahm

~bahr ~Q.))

sczdah:-<--Y'O babrag '~QJ )

zarr1

~bijagan

\r~zarren1

,~bazagih

~~xand-1

-,~bazag, waccag

\~xandidan1

\\~\~bazakkar ~.1~

dah-I

-~hazisn

\t""\)~

PAHLAVI KEY 2°7

[ft('l]

-~[59]~~\)bar~ burdarih

brah, breh ~ burdih ~~\\

brahnag \~~) burd \~~brahm ~-J burdesnohr ~\t'"O\~\)brahmag \~~ burdan \\~\\

brahnag \~~.-l bum -6\)

bari'imand "r'i~ ) pusI t6\\

bram- -~ pusarI \\6tnbrahmag, bramag \~ bumcandag \~\4.JO\\

braz- -~) b6yidan \,t'U'-!j

brazidan \\tVeuO) bob, buf ~

brazisnig \'Ut"'O~ xwadI~Q)\)

hrazisn ,t--o~ ) bllz e;J..)brad \~\ boz-

-~baladur ),,,w) bozisn \ t-"O s.,l.)

bradar \~) bus AU' ,

bradarodih .AU~~,..w) hiisasp ~\)

bra.dar6d ,~~~\ but \~\j

barbllt ,~\~) blidan ,,'fD\\

brch ~ duxtI \6~\)

brchcn- -~\ hazm ~\hrchenag \~~) bazmawurd \tV,~ ~ \hrehcnidan \\l"t,)~ \ bay illbrchcnisn \t"\)~\ bay('jbaxt \ttl'.\.l!)b,lrsom ~~ bar

~

208 PAHLAVI KEY

[j8J r~'iJbowanJag ,~ bidaxs ~~)

bowandag-menisnih"tJrot"'6i,)...lll bid \~)

1-2bun ~ bcdom -& \\'f..)J

bunag , .s\\\ 1-2beI ......,,,bunkadag \jl'" \\\ bOxtar ~~"bunist \~,\\ b6xtarih ~~\jbunistag \~'ttN\\\

baxtan \\~)

hug !.!Ub6xtagih .AU~~I)

bOr ~\\ b6xtag \~~\)

hur- -~ band, hang, 1-2hoy~

burag \~\.) hand~, boy- -~

buram- -~~2xwah_I -\~\)

hurg ~~ xwastanI\\tc.:U \~ \j

huridan \\~\) h6yag \¥U\)

buland ...~\) bOydar ~\)borz, Burz ~\\ buycn- - t'U \.1hurz- -~\\ buycnidan ,\~1O\\

Burzcnmihr \\ t-l.G '"'~ \jhandag \ ~.)\l

hurzidan \\teJ~') boycstan \~~\)

borzwang ........ \~\) biiyestanbiin \,.-.' V t'" tOY...-llhorzwangiha A()\y """ ~\) hllnxan \t"U' "\burzisnig \1U~~ bllnih ~..!!J

burzisn \K)~\~ hundahisnih AU Kt"U \\)

burisn \~\) bundahisn \Kt'U !!1burdar \-.~\\ howandagilt

AO~\U

PAHLAVI KEY 2°9

[56] [55}brmomand 't6t"'8'" \ baza ...... ." \

bimgenih .AU\.-r \ bazazanisnih ~ \'"'U~ fl)t \

"bimgen ,~ bazabanag \ ~~CU-'ty \

bes, bis ~) baxs- -..A\,)N \

bes- -.AU-t\ baxt ,~\

besomand ., r6' t"'\)\V \ baxtan ,,~)

bcsaz ~\ badag\,~\

besaz- -~\ pas[ ~~\bcsazcn- -~\ darI .IU ,\

besazenisnih AU~~, darhandarzbcdI \¥'eu~",*~\

besazisnih ~~) darbandf~ ...... ')

besaz- -vuw\ hay~

hesazcn- - t"o')uu'#\ heh AU\

bes5zenisnih "'U ""Ut'~ \ bayaspanih AU~~\

besazisnih "'Ut"'U~) bayaspanig \~""'~\

besburdiir \-~~\ bayaspan \ tt" eu»-"U \

bcsidan ,,~\ mahIoN"')

bcsaz ~) mahiganI\,...~~)

besaz- -ou.-, bcwar ~t-\

hesazcn- -""~) beganag \~~~l

hesazenisnih AU tA\) ,., (l)U..,I , hcgar )-.to' ,hesazisJlih ""'" ..-uUu-.. \ bel ~\bcsisn

\~.1heron \~)

bistan\\~\

belli!" \~,xanagf

-tt".l hilll~

C 6GIl" P

210 P AIILA VI KEY

[51) [53]baxtan \\~ ataxs ""\Y"~

bay .JoU \ tigr1-"U~

bayobaxt \~ \ ~1"1,)t ) aden U' tf.Y

biimbisn \~\ "" \ awiUP_ ,_ \'t.)'

griy.r - ,toN) awistanI ,,~\~lU

baniig \~\,..\ adist \~'U

griyistanI\\~''''''\ -iidan \,~-

1-4bar ~\ adurgah ~,\M)'

balay u~ .. \ iidurcstar \~\\tV'barJamag \~) adurestaren \~~\\"b'

balengah ~~\ adur \\,~

1-2balen ,~\ adl"~ ,~,~

barigfk ,~\ adariig \~~~

batistih AU~\balistig ,~~\ cw" -Jb1ilist \~) h- -:...Jbalag, barag ,~\ wihiin ,~\

barestanih ""~~\ wihanag \~~)

barestan \~~\ bahr, wahar ~)

balis \~.\ balm)mand ,~~\

ham .....,.. \ hahromandih ~t6~\

bamdiid \~) hahrwar ~bbamig \~\ hahrwarih ~bbastan , ..... tb>- ) bahraa \~)b

haj, baz~

haxt \lb'U' )

PAHLAYI KEY 211

[5;] [SIJ;1~fJ \~~ hafLin ,,.... ,-V-

asob Cl)~ haftar \'-'¥,q)'

asinJ~ -~~ haftdah """U ~Q)'

wimP -\l'''~ apetitigih "'U~\'t.''''U'

windisn l \ t""U \,.. ¥\Y" apctitig '~~¥,Q)I

windadanl ",- ,t""~ haft \"'Q)taskiirag ,~~ apattug \ ~'~Q)t

iiskiiragih ~~~ Haftiking .. ~(,) \ ¥fa>-iiskaragen~ -..~~ haftag. \ ~~Q.)'

askiiragenidan \\~t'~~ apaymanih "'0 t--6 t4 Q.)'

askiirag \~~ apayman \JM6~Q1

askom-6\~ iihtazan

"a,~V"

askomb ...l.)G\~ as, a-s (v. a)~

askiibQ.)\~ asyan ,~

askamb~~

asyanag \~~

askamhag ~~ hasiigird ,~~

XcSn1 ~ aJgahanih ~~

..\Stad \~~ aJgahiin. ,~

astih, hastdah""'~ asixtan \\~

hast, xist\~ xasen , t'O'\)-"t

astag \~~ asnag\~~

astar \~ Aswahist \~~

agarl , a-t (v. a) tv' asnawagih ""U y.a \ t"\)N

adiinih AU ~te.)' asnawiig , ~ \ 1""U"'"

adiin ,tM~ asniidan \ \ y:J , t""\)N

212 PAlILAVI KEY

[5':)] [49],,~~af!>cnistau

\\~tUJtrafrasawaml

afsenisn \ ""C.) t"U.' U' apparisn ,~o-

afsar- -~O' abartanih ..au,~~afsardan \\~U ahartan, azardan \,~~

abespar~ -~~va ahardom --6\~Q.)'abespardan \,~~~ ahardomih ~,~U'abespurdan '\~\a.U'4)' abardal" )~U

abestan ,,,",,~V" l\-I11T (v; u-) -6QY

abestag ,~ te.1' 4,)1 ahesih--~ClY

abestam -4: ~Q,)' afsay--~U'

paz-I-\\Veut ahesihcn-

-~4Y

poxtanI'\~\\QJ cz.>I abcsihcnidan ,,~ t'UU' Cl)'

azahar ')4)0,)' abesihcnisnih'" ¥'U toe.:» tY

lahziir ~~d ahcsihcnisn \ t"U to1.» Q)t

iibCihrag \~""V* ahesihiuan\\~Cl>'

azis, u-sI (.t'. u-) AUQ.)S afsiin\ t""'U' CO'

afsiin· -~U' afsar- -~U'afsiindan ,,'"~ cz.>' afsalan \~utafsar- -~d afsarisn '~oYafsaruan \\~V' afsardan \\~.."

afsurdan \ \~ t"U Q.)" abcsihisnih AU t"U"""\.U oYaziskeh -oyuCl)' abesihisn \ \"'U-'U) Cl,)"

azismeh~q,Y ahesih- - ""'U» CU'

u-tl (ov. u-)"'GoY

abesihidan"~Q)'

apetyiirag . \~¥'~ afscn- - f"U'"

PAHLAVI KEY 213

[~8]

\~~4)t[47] ~

abresomcn abzaromand ~~ .,.abresom ~cua flbzan ,$t:'iifridan \,~ctY abzonigih ..-.u ~,$4)'aburnay .No'~~ abzonig \»\$~aburnayih .-.u--'~U' abzon \,~ Q)'

abroxtan \'~~CLf abzudan \\l",s uaahrang '" ~eut abgar- -~~V"aharwcz eu~.,. azkamagih .AQ.Ht' , t)I

abarwczih --U CZJ ~~ abkamag, azkamag '~~Q)I

kan· I ... ,~~ abgan- -\~~

kundan[ \'l"'~~ 1-2abar, abr, appal' ~Q)'

ubroz- -~~Q)" appar- - ~Cl)Iubruzisnih ~tAU~~.,. xak l ~CU'ubrozisn 't"\)~~ GoY afl'ah ~Q)'afl'usag \~~ua abarijz <;~4)I

'Ibaragan \t" ~ et)' abaruzih .AO"~O>'abaruganag '~"'~Q7 ahrastan "~ClYahilag ,~e>- ahraz ~~1-2azal'm 4QY ahrii<:- -~Q)'abannand ~~Q)I aharag, apparag' ~~abanniinig '\)~ QY

afrin- -~vtahannan '~Q.)I aharigan ,,...Weu-abarmcnisn

\l""\)~~ abarig '~V'azarmigih AU~U abargar ~U-azarmig ,~qy abrciiom 'ii~~

214 PAHLAVI Kgy

[...6] [4S]

... tSt'ttapedagdir ~Stt)1)I abewizend

apedag \~tb~ abdom -6t'C)tapohisn \t""\,)o», ..,. abdomih ~t'ua

aband ",va abyoz- -~ Vtt)'abandih .A\Y'Q)' abezar \..S.t)tabu8;abu8 -U\C&)' iibig \ 1)Q)I

abusih; iibusih ~\o- aber; azer ~t)t

iifrin'~'4Y

aberiih ~~afrinagan \,...~¥\~ aweran \~Cl>*abniis -U\\~ dn1n-I -,~Q)Iapursisnig \ \) t"U.» \\Cl)I dn1danI \'~'~Q)'izwar \, at abemizag \ ~t>4t"afur- -~'ua abdsahist

'~uaizwarih ~,U' abesar ~CU'afuridan \\~'t)I abesug \~~Cl)'

abumayag \ ~~'Cl)t abdast ltUYt)'aburnay ~~'Q)I iibestan

"~QJ'abumayih ~~'GY abeziir "\..... V 0,)1

aburnayag \ UN~ ,Q,)t abecim -fit OCU'

afurisn \~'U abezagih .au ~ tJ ct.,,-

azurdan \,~,vt abezag \~ucua

abustan\\~ \CU" apetyarag \~tU~

abzay- -..a-.rSua abedan ,,.- tC.J bt

abzayisn '~Q.)J abaydiigih AU¥'tUua1-2abzar ~~ abaydag '~toe..tcy

!lAlILAVI KEY :ZIS

r....J [43]

,~tJIlibdan \t'U CU' acarag, hazarag

abE- -...Yc)t iizarisn ,~V'abesiidih ~~tu~Q.)I azardan \\~.,.

abcsiid \,.,~U' abam ~~

abebim .-4it-J' cua abemizag \,~t1

abebimih ~)'q>1 abemust \~ f'fI: Q)I

abcbes ~-J'fl)' abaz, iiwiiz Q'/U'

abeboy ~Q)' abaxs AU"" d-

abCboyih "'"'\Y...l,)' ua abaxsay- -~t)1

abebar lilY abaxsayisnig ,~~(bt

abdih ~ ct,)t abaxsayisn \~va

Azdahag \~Q,)I abaxsawand "I~U-

abCbiidih AU~cua abaxsayidan \\~Q)I

abebiid '~t)' ~baxsih ~t)'

afsos -(,)t'C:'4l)I abauyawanu ~ , t"'O' te.,)' V'

afson "KJV abadyfl\vand'ih ~'~toe,)' 4U'

abgenagen ,,.,, to Q)I iibiiuiinih ~ ~teJ'fJ'

abgcnag ,~tu CO' iibiidiin \"'" lU vaabeguman'ih AU t""6 tu U- abiiuixsiiy (~tC'U'

abcguman \ t"""6 1"U .,.. ahiidixsiiyih ~t<>'t)'

afsosgar ~tul.)f iibiidih, aziidih ~~Q)I

afsudan \\,0 I"'U~ iibiid, iizad \ l"e.,)' cuaabcniyaz

~~uaabu, abc- -'CO'

abyoxtan "tC..,)' ,., va abcos -"'Ut"'UQ,)'abcwiniih "'0'" , ,.. 4,)1 abcosih ~t-ut.J*

216 PAIILAVI KEY

asp

asazisnig ,1) t"U t.V"

ayistag 'm 1.11 t J.' \~~[elet. adi~tagJ

[·F]wcnisnl (didan) \t'U\\~

didanl \\~\,~

ast6diin \ t"'U ~ \ te..1>'"

astawanih AU~ to) \~

iistawiin \~ Q,)'~

astag\~~

estisn \\""'4,) t<.»wab, 1-2az, az V-u_ I

-U'1-2abiixtar ~~V'abayist

,~tY

abayistan ,\~o.:J

abuyisnig'~~G:I

abayisn ,~U

abaycd \~~

aburig \~~CU'

Aban \,...V'abagih ~~U

abagen- - t'" ¥" tY

abagenidan ",..c '" ¥" co-acar, appar, azar, ~V'

hazar

iizar- -\...eu-apparih ~uabaronih ""U,~ vaabar6n \\~va

asazag

aswar

asa/,isnih

e8t-

astllxan

astllxiin

astanag(imaml

astiinag

astomal1d

astomandih

a8Ur

astiircn-

astarcnidan

estadan

Astwihiid

astawanih

astawan

ast6dan

xastan

wen-I (v. didan)

astwand

-~

\~~

,yt~~

'tG t"'~l-~

'~Y'~

, t6 \""te>-

""'\.Y~~~

\....~

-:~~\\tb~~

\\~~

\~

,~\~

"'U~..)\~

\~..)\~

,t'"U,~

\,~

-,\~

PAHLAVI KEY 217

[4-] [39]~jC;~asanih

""'~hammozgar

asan ,rut'" hammuzisn \t'O<;tfrasag ,~ amwastan "l'VU~

ahanen \""~ hamkar \..t.wahan \tU>" hamkarih ~~ahangar )~tUY amar ~ascm ~ hamranih -"O~asemen ,~ amarg ~ascj (UUN amargih ~asar ~ amaraganiha ~rt~dahl ~ amaraganig \~".. ~

band·l -I~ amaragan \~~asron ,,~ amarag ,Wbastan[ \,~,~ hamsayag ,~

asriiih AU-,~ hamsaman \~

asru \~~ hamsardag \~~asrokcrpa ,~~(,)~ hamdcsag " ",~asp ~ hampursagih ...-u~,\~

aspas -()'" eu.v» hampursag ,~\\~

aspaniir \,~~ kat teJcrcbarag \~~ hamtag \~~

haspin ,~ eu.v» hamt6hmag ,~\~

aspinJ c;,~ hamtan "~aspres ~~ asay-

-~

aspast\~~

asavisn \~

218 PAHLAVI KEY

[38] [37]

\~hammist ,~ ambarag

hammistagan \,.-.~~ hambast \ t'U'--Hat'

amiz CUC' lhambastan \\~--l4:'

amcz--~

lhambastag \~~

amczisn \t"'OUif hambasn \~

hamcsagih .......,~ hambadig \»~

hamcsags6z <;~~ hamih~

hamcsag\~ hambaw-I

-\\~

madarI )tb4r hamhawisnihI~t"U\\~

xarI~~ hambawisnI

\K),\~

hamwar \....~ hamhudanl\W'\\~

hamwarag \~tEt' amcxtan \\~

hammoxtiir ~~..- hamdiidcstiin \~t(»~~

hammoxtarih ~~~ hamdadcstanl..u~

hammoxtan \\tb' ce- hamcn- - t"'Efhamug ...~ hamgohr ~~hamzamanI ".. ~ t6"'" amcnidiir ~~~Al11urdiid

,\V(,)~ hamcnidan "~~hammoz- - Ste" hamgunag \~\~

ham,Yar \~ hamdam ~

amurz- -~~ hamcmiil ~funurzidan \,~~~ hamcmiilih ~amurzisn \~~~ hammistiin \Y"~

hanmibanlih "'O~a>~ hamestiir ~~hanunoz- -~~ hamcstarih ~~

l'AHLAVI KEY 219

[36) [35)

~t&-ahamag ,~ ardiiylh

amar, hamahl, hamill ~ xradumallll "'f4~&

amar- -~ ardikkar \..~~amargar ~~ ardIg. xradIg \~~

hamharz ~ ardikkar \~~&amarisl1 \~ ardikkarih ~,~~hamiibcr \..Q.)'Et' artcstiir ~~~hambay

~ artestiirlh ~~~hamban \~ Ard, xrad \,v.,..hambar ~ a-m (v. a), ham, .ft:

-~illl. mad L

hambar-

~\\~-1C'hamahl

hambaridanhame

~hambastag ,~~~hamcihii~hambaz

~ hameig\~hambcdig ,~~-->C'

hamcwahiir ~\~hamhand ~hamc-lId-hamc- ~ \~

hamband- _J...u< -rawisnlh "'U t"'U .1~

hambandih ~~ hamc\\"cnag\~t"'~

hambandisnih ""U~~ hamc-rawisnih .AUt-\))~~

hamhun ~ hamcdun\\\~

amburdan \,~ Iwmaniig,~~

hamhawisnih ~t"U~ amawand.t,~

hambiidan ,\~ amawandih "'t.Y,~amhag ~ anlalmlspilnd '\Q.U~

ambar ~ h;unagdcll \K)~

220 PAULAV! KEY

[34) [33]--6.~almast \~ alum, Hrom

armcsti"h .A\)~ hromayig \~~armcstgah ~~ harwispin \t"U'~armcst ,~ harwisp ,q,v~

xufs- l -,~ harwisp ,te..u~

xuftan l \,~,~ xrostan \\te..1'~hamm6z-I

-"~ harrobisnih ""U t"O V ~

h~mm6xtanI \\~,,~ harrobisn \~V~xrafstar \~~ iiranj ~~arz ~ aliidan "~~arz-, hirz- -~ aliidagih .AUj~~

arzanigih AU1)"",~ aliidag \~t"~arzanig ,~".~ Arzah ~arzan \~~ Arziir ~~arzomand

-' "" "'" a\..axrosI ~~

arzumandih ~~~~ halagih -"U~arziz 4)~ Alcksandar ~ t(,),;L.

\~ «.t &. ~ \~arzizen , halag

arzidan \\~~ baxlP -\,~arzan ,,~ baxsisnI

\K)"~iirzog \~\~ baxtanI

"Y' ,,~harzag \~~ mes I

\~arzisn ,to"U~ s6y_I

-I~aresn \~ sustanI

\\~,~arda

--~alma::; ~

PAHLAVI KEY 221

[32] [31]

haHim ~ agahenidan. \\tfJ tW"" Yirastan \,~ agde~ih .-ul'U~

cahirI ~ agden ,\"U~

Harborz ~~ agen.en \t',,~

xarbuz ~~ -ag \~-

harg ~ ak \.¥J

sikI , sirl~ agan- -,,.,

ars, xirs ~ akanaragih ~~,~

aryand .t~ akanarag \~\~argawa.n \ya,~ agandan \Y''''''ardus, xargos JoU~ agenen ,... ,~dagrt, [error for \~ Akoman ,n;'~

dur \~] agustan "tf»,~halilag \~ aganJaresken \'"'~

~'jP

ardk \~agos .AU\,.-akard lY"~

~iluh N~xrohak ,~~

ayre ~~ara\vag ,ya)~

ayre ~e.artis, xr6s -o~

hagriz ~Y'

am'es -tv~mal ~

harwin\t'~

haT, xar ~

ar6yisnig'~KV~

ala ~

aroyisn \~~ ~i1ay-, aray- -~arwand ~,~ arayisn ,~arwandih ~,~ alalag ,~

222 PAHLAVI KEY

£3oJ [29]

,~t'"buzl , xaz S» o~marag

hazzan \~ osmarisn ,~""azbay- -~ osmurdig \\)t6~~

azhayisn \~Y osmurdan \\~ .cut-'azd, azg .",r,. osastar \w.v-ut-azden- -~ awist- -~~

azdenidan \.'~~ ustanomand ..ft6~~~~

aznawar ~~~ ustanih ~ t» ttJUt'"

xiigI ~~ ustan ,,..., te)U~

azray- -~ awistah Q)'~r-

azraw- -V~ awistah- - Q.)I 't)Ur'azruftan ""'Q,)~ awistaftan "~Q)'tcU\'""

azarman \~ awistiidan \\~teJU'"

azmay- -~ ansahrig \ U\\te,)O"",

azmiidan \\'P~ ustar \tvor'

agah -()'" y ustargawpalang ':;~Q)Wtt)U~

agahih ~~ xwaday ~~tA'

akomand ~t6"",Y' xwadayih ~~l'"

agar \,...,ya xwadaywar ~ tU~,...agarih- -~j." xwadih "'O¥' ,..

agarihistan ,\~~ xwad-dosagih -'U~t'~tM

agaren- -~~ .xwad-dosag \~t'l"~

agarenidan "M.,)~y xwad \~.-

akamagomand'rG~~""

hutuxs .AU'" \¥' ~

agahen- -~~ Ardwahist \~\~"'"

PAHLAVI KEY 223

[.!SJ [z7Jhucasm ..cu~~ xufs- -..»Q,)~

hucasmih ~qt"" obastan \\M» Q)yt

ozadan "¥'~ t'" obad-/oft- -¥'eu~

1-30S, xwas ..AU"" xuftan '\~Q)""

hOs- -..AU~ oz ~..,

usahin 'tUUu ..... hanJ- -~tA'

osomand .... ,- K'Ot-* ozomand "'16~~t'"

os(e)bam ~tat ozarak \~~~osih, xwasih ~,.. hanJam -6' c; r'osyar ~,., hanJam- -~~,..

hOsen- - KJUV" hanJaftan ·,,~V<;""

hosenidan ",,-, K)U~ uzdehigih~~~""

hOsidan "tU"'U~ uzdehig\~C;~

usniig \', t"U,- huCihr ~C;~husniidih J'U~,~,.. uzdes -u<,)C:;~

husniid ,~,t"U~ uzdesparist '~OOU'\r-husniidagih AU~ '" I t"U... uzdesparistisnih"'(,t'U~Q)UO~""

husniidag'''''', t'Ott"

uzcnag ,~ ...~""mardoml .AI¥'t"U ..... anjir ~~Y"

mardomihl ~"'t-o ... awizirisnig '1)~,\'"hOsag~ husk \~tu hanjidan, uzidan "leo' ~ ya

huskoh N\~"", hanjamanig ,1)t6~ ,...

husk6hih~'.YO"'" hanJaman

lyG~ "..

husk-kiinI ,.~ \t"Ut'" hanjaftan\\~4Jc;'"

osmar- -~.- awazisnig'~tauq,.,

224 PAHLAVIKEY

[26] [25])....~,~~a\Vestam .<tc.vt-' xwamnwiziir

awestad ,K)'MtV~ humurwag \~~~t-'estadan "te.,)I M.u ... hadI

~16t'"

ostiganih ""U,-~~ t'" humat \~t"

ostigan \.-~ tC1J tot osan- -f"AU'~

ost ,~~ husazagih ""J 2JU' ,..awestwar ~\tf.1t ... hangextan ,,~,...

awestwarih ~\\W»,.. uskar- -~!»~

xandidan, xwastan \\~~ uskarisnih .A(j~~""xwastiigih .AU~'~ "" uskarisn ,~~~

xwastiig \.sne» to'" uskardan ,,~,U)ya

ustBfrit \tdQ)\ tU't" husrawih ~)~t"awestar- -\~t"" husraw ...lJ~t'"awestarag \~~~ ospar- - ~euu t'"awestarisn ,~~~ ospurdan "~Q).1J ,..

awestardan ,,~~~ hangez- -Cl.UV"estisn \t'U te2.J .... anespas, huspas -u'" 4.1' ,-

xiib CUtN anespasih ~4»...,

obar- -\...~~ uspurrig \~\b''''obardan '\~tJ'" hangezisn ,r-uCl»~

hupadixsay ~~'Q)"" handes· -~...,

hupadixsayih ~ttJ'Q)'" handesidar ~~t"

xiibih -AU tit-' handesidan \\MY'\)..U,,-

hupassandagih .AU U ruQ)~ handesisn '~t'"

hufraward ,tV ~G)t" est- -MV'"

PAHLAVI KEY 225

[::4],~tdl""

[23]

~t"'xwardig Urislim

xwurd \~r" urwiihm ~~V'xwardan \\~llII urwiihmanih ~~~,...

xwurdagih .AU'~"" urwahman \\60' ~""xwurdag \j~"'" 'urwaz- -tY~~abardar ~~\U urwazisn , t"O Q.)' ~ l'"

awardisnigih ""U1)t"U~t'" xwaran ,~t"awardisnig \Ut"U~ "'" orfin

"~ ""hOm -6~ urwar ~~r

humay JoM6V" xwarwariin \~~~homanagih "U ¥' t-6t'" uruspar )Q.U) ~ '"homanag ,~~"" hurnst \~~~humanih AUt-6.... xwarOfran \~Q)~~homomand ,~~..... hnram ~~homast

'~r'xorma \~""

xurnb -l>&~ huramih ~tMhOrnen \ t"6t-t urmild ,~~~

humenisn ,tAU~"'" huramag ,~t'"hOmig , 1)6"" awarzid \1'f..' cz)~ummed \~~ xwarscd \~t'"ummedwar ~\~¥' xwarisnih ~~,..

az1 f6,... xwarisnig \~~t'"h_1

-t6~ xwari~n \~""-omand '~t'U .. awanlag \~~,..

xwarnn ,~,.... x\yardiir ~~t"'"

CtlMI·l Q

226 PAHLAVI KEY

[;;::J

\~r'[.n]

-'rQ.~ ,...-uzmuyiiin hunanjrnaml

uzumburd \~~t'" huwarst \~,t-'

uzmiidan ,,¥'~~ awinast \~ ,¥"

ogar ~.~~ anos ..-0,..-ogar- -~-',.- anosxwar )~".,ogardan ,,~.s~ anosagih ~ joIO,,,,,oyrist \~~l'" hunusakenidan \\~t'~''''

xog,xug \ -' \"" anosag, hunusak \¥U\"",

hukunisn \t"O\\ ,~ anosagruwan ,~~~,¥'

xiikar ~j~ Urdwahist ,~\,.,~

xukarag \~~~ anodagig , 1}~¥,\'"

hur,l-:!xwar \~ .aniidag\~"',"'"

xwar- -~V- uzcrin ,~~fradomI ~~ uzdehigih -'U~t'"xwarOfran \~4l)~V' uzdchig \~\N

huram ~,.. uzcrin ,~~

ulamadan ,t""~,., uzlie:> -u.uS~xwarasan ,~"'" uzdcsparist \~~~xwarxsed ,~y- uZdcsparistisnih""t"U~~¥'

xwarwaran \~,.. uzdcsziir }'-'<;~t*'

xwarg ~'"' uzwiin ,~ ,s,..xurdrus "'U~"'" llzwiir- - \....,~t'"

xurdrus ..cu~~ uzwarisn \~~ ....oreb ~~ \Izwi"trdan ,\~,sY"

orebih AO~"" uzmay- -~~

r~\IILAVI KEY 227

[.i':-] [19]

\~t"'xwhliidah -(,Y ,tV~ awcrag, IIdrag

anichm \\tC.t "" anagr-rosnih ~ \"'U~~ tt'

dan-I -\\~ .... anagr-rosn ,~~ ~""danistanI \\tt» \\\"U~ andarmah W~xwedodah ,.vu "talA' handarz ~t"'xwcdodah -<.YS\M) .... handarzcn- -l" &¥'-an ,tN - h:mdarzcnidan \\tt.t~&""an, ho, u \\N oyrist \~~

huniyagih ~yd\'" hangirdcn- -~~t'"

huniyag \~\t" hangirdcnidan "~"'~t"'huniyagar \.Y'U', .... hangirdigih "U~~.. t»awinah -f.)N ,to"" hangirdig \'-\~~

xwcniihan \t-"U'" \ t» hudast \"6V t'"

huniyoxs ~ta.t\l"" xwistan \\\UVl""

-awand .,U-- anguhcn \tJetV ~

hunsand -' t'U \t"" and~and -'\U r'

hunsandih Jl(Y t'U ,,., xwcs .AU-' ...

Xwanirah ~.. \,.. x\\"csiiwand .,\ ~"-'

Hordad \l'U ,,.. xwcsiiwandih ~,~"'"

hunidan \\~ \,-.. xwcscn- - to'Yt'"

xun ",..- x\\'cscnidan ,\~~~

xunak \~,,... xwcskiir \.v .YC.V~hunar ),t-' x\\"cskiirih ~~,....hunarawand .. \~ \t" hangadih, xwcdih "'UtbY"

hunarawandih "'(,Y,~\'" hangad, x\\'cd \~,....

228 PAI-ILAVI KEY

[18] [17] ,)au,....hindug \~~"" hangarag

angiir ~t'~ hangarisn \~t'"

angust \t(» "'tAl hangardan \\~""angustarig ,.s} tC',.~ handam, hangam ~t"

angustban \~Q.) tess ,. '" hangamig \~~

hand6z--~" ... handiiz- -Q)U~

hand6zisnih .AU~ C\ t't-' handazag \ ~ C2",)U ""

hand6zisn ,t-U~ t' .... handazisn ,WVU,,",

hangosidag \-'~"t'" xwub, xwcy -:Y~

awenisnig, awcnisnig ,~t"U ..... huden \t'''U rawenisn \ t"'U 1" t-' usOfrit ,~ Q)t'U¥'

hudosag \¥O~t'" handcmanih ""O~'"

handiidan"'" l' ""

handcman '~lAI

andak, anig, hoyag \~t'" handcmangar \ " t""6'U Y'

anagr, hugar ~.., handcmangarih ~~~""'handraxtagih "'U,~.. awcn- -,., ,...handraxta,g ,~~~ andljh -»Yl'"

ugra ~'-' xwcnahan\~~~

anagran, awcran \~t'" andohgcn ,\~ t-~

hangrayidan "~~ handoxtan\\"t'e,y '" ""

andarag ~~ lmgowisn \~l'''''

andarway .-.~~ uwcnidan , \ \'f.) '" t'"

andarwayig \~~~~ owon\\,.~

andaron \,~ '" I-lindiigan \~ .s,.~

hangriidag' ,~""~~ hugugar ~'''',-.

PAHLAVI KEY 229

[16] [15]hambOyisn \l"'\Y~¥' aniidiinih """t"'tV'~

hambiisidan \ \te.U'-l.lV" aniiuan \...~ ...hambiisisn 'K.UJ-1J~ hiixt Itt>'·tt'

hambOs- -""CJ...u~ nih-I - "l'U~

hambOsisn \~-!.)V' nihadan! ,'l"'\\\'U~

ambar ~"" anadiig \ ~ ,M,,)t til

8warisn ,~~ hamhah- - .AUt )~

angurI ,-4i\~ iiwahan '~\ya

hambasiinig \~~ \Y" hambiih- -~~

hamba3iin \\"'4!J"'" hambiihisn\~'"

:lhambastan \\~....)"" hambar- -'\.......J""2hambastag \)~,.. hambiiridan ,\~~awis ~ ),.. awam ~-J~

8wistan ,,~),... hambiistan '\~--l~

and,hOy~"'"

hambazcu-a--l~

huih A\)~ ~wadag"~..-J~

hudiihagih "'U~"'" dastgraw l~)~

huuiihag \.t-<JU r' wany! \~toU

handiixtar ~~".. wany(b)udih[ AUlD.1.)\~y-

handaxtan \\~ ... wany(b)iidih[ ~lD"M.) ,~,...

hudii(ha)gih ..-u yUl"" wanigarihI ~~t:J~anuagcn ,to' YO"'- hubOy

~t-'

anda~, huda(ha)g \~tN hamboy--!.~..H'"

andaggen\"'~~t"

hambiis- - ~t'"hangar- -~tA' hubo)"ih

~-l,.)~

23° PAHLAVI KEY

[If] [13]xwastan \\tUtNt» anag t~~

anastawanlh ~ ""'V\tC..1Y'~ anagkunisn \~\U \~t-'

anastawan ,""Q)\~\"" anagkardar ~""j '.Y t"~wastag6mand ~t6r"~r' aniir 1 ~~anastag, xwastag \~~,.. 1-2xwar Janab- -~t- xwar- -\...~anabay ~QY'" xwarbar ~rtanabaxsawand , \ t"OO""b'~ xwarih ~~anabaxsawandih "'t.Y \~O' '" anargCl ~~anabadan ,~~qy'f' xwarcn- -~ytanabcdanlh ..-.0 ".. toe U' V" xwarcn ,~~anabcdan ,t""t40 V' ~ xwalist \~~anabuhlag \~\V--~ xwaridan

"~'"anabzar ~U*~ analUd ,,-~,.

anabzarlh ~V''''' anarziinig ,~~~~xwiibar }4)',-' xwarisn \~~xwabar'ih ~Q)'~ xwanar ~~~xwabar'ig ,~ur' hannam ~Y'

aniizarm ~vt"" anamlll'z'id ltv ~ rS'~aniizarm'ih ~u.~ anamun:isn \ l'"O et\~ Y'

anazarmig ,~U~ anamCistig , ~ l'VU e.Jr ~anafsenisn \t"'\.\l'U'U"" anastih

~~t.at

aniibisn , t""\) Cl,)' \"'" anast, arast,~t'"

anaftan \\¥'V-,..- anastawan'ih ~~)\~""

anastih ""\)~r' aniistawan \~\~~

PAHLAVI KEY 231

[IZ] ElI]xwaharJ xwahl W .... emed \t64iU'xwiihrih ~r' wurroy_I -I..-u-awiyabanig \Ur'QlUlr' wurroyistanI "teo» ,r6'b'xwab J"tM e(w)mog \~1'6U'1-2xwah- -""'l" lkayI ~

anayad \~~'-' ebyanghan \ t"U t"U0-huewaz oYt\)t~ ebsriisrim .b ~cz)A»hucwlizih ""oatu~· ec l)M

anet ~ .... e(w)cand ""U"Anerlin \~ ... hezag ,~~

anerih ~r' czisn \t'Ut»>ancrang -'~t-t es. kasl

~

huxem -60' ~ ayism. xcsm~

huxemih ""U6'O'tu xcsmen\~

1-2XWahisn ,t't)-'-N r' ka::;izl~~

anastih1"'1,)~ t'" (h)astih[

.AU~

Clnilst[,~ t'" anay.[

-,~~

xwan,,....,~ anioanI

,,'" \ l"1'V"'"Ohrmazu ..M.6t»~ (h)astT \ttY'anummcd \te>6 ya ~ cQonih

-"0 "tu'"anll~pllrrig ,~ ,cw t'" t'" cotin \\\tU-"8nOl't ,te.» t'" tN an·. hu- -rtanosmar

~~""edt .Joat-t

anagiih~ ~,.-. Anahid \l'6'Vt"

anagih ..", ~ ~ anahog\'tv~

232 PAHLAVI KEY

[10]

\,,~[9]

eranag ewkardag \'~'jto'

£ransahr ,,~~ ewkardag \j~ 'tt.>teraxtar ~~ ewar. \ to'1-2eraxtan ,\~ ewarz ~t'tYerih ~ ewarz- -~to'

herig ,~ ewarzig ,~~ro-

erwiir ~~ ewarzidan \\le>~tu'erwiirag ,~~ aguman \~tu'

erang ~~ agumegih .AU 1)6 to'

erangih -'"tY~ agumcg ,~tv

1-2eranj_ -'\~ casmI t6tt1erkas ""O~ ewmog ,~ (6to'

ermanih ~~ ewsanih ""U t-tU'~

1-2erman ,~ cwsan \t"U'H,)'

ermanag ,~~ ayab Q)t\Y

crmenisnih -"'Ut"U~ 1-2ayoz- - c; tcY

agriWir \»",~ Hayozidan ,\t6 C\ to'

herbedih "X)t'~ cwcand ~'~t1.Yagrift, herbed ,~~ ayozisnih ""Ut'l)~tut

hcrbedestanih "U"" tUJ r'~ l-2ayozisn ,~~ ttY

hcrbcdcstan \Y"'~~~ cwti'ig \~Y'tt.Y

adard ,~ kill ~

crtanih ..AU ,,.0..... 1-2cr, xir ~

crtan "~ Eran l~'"xcm --61.,)t £ranwez 2)\~

PAHLAVI KEY 233

[8] [7]-~JUMasiidan ,,~~ ayar.

a8man ,~ ayaromand 'f6~~ewan ,~tU' ayaromandih rlf.)'tG~~

ebarag ,}a tot ayarih ~~1-2ewaz elYto' ayaridan \\~~ewazig '~o)Itu- ayas- - ~..JC,Y'

ayoxtan \\~tot ayasidan ,t~~

agowag '~tot ayasisnih "'O~~

ewbar ~to' ayastan "~--ltt"

ebyanghan ,ru tAU 1 tU' ayad \~~

enya, henih -'"U K)t ayadgar ~~~~ewen ,,.. KY. asyag \~

]>2ewenag ,~t' HJ' asyab ~

xindagih ""\)1)K>' agden \~

xindag '~to' csm ~hen \tU aden- - 1"U"t:wan \\tot adadestanI ..JJt(.)-"

cnoken. It'~ (,) I t'U' adadcstanihl~t<>'"

ekiinagih """ ~ ya ~ KY- as6hisn \t-"lY"~ekanag \~""~tO' aswar ~WY'ayoxsusten ,,.,~~~tU- aswarih ~~ayoxslIst , lU' tAlY" , t"U' asnidag

'~~KY"ckdiid '1VO~tu' 3ohan, 308n, egI

,~

ck,xayiig ,,,to' asniid'~I~

cwkard \~\ j H,)I asniidag \~~,l'(Y'

234 PAHLAVI KEY

[6J [5]adehig \.~ ay, c, stN -J»adanih ~~ abahl· ~~adan ,~ wanyI

~

hixr ~ abim ~

ayard- -~ abes .A\Y.J'"ayarden- -\-'~ abesih ~~

ayardenidan ,,~\-'~ pidarI ~'t't'J'ayardenisn \~V~ IpidI

~ayardidan \\t6~ ahoy ~J..)'"

ayab- -~ aboyih ~..l.Y"

ayabag \~CU\Y' abun ,~

ayabagih ..&U~~ aburdframanih .AU~Q)~~ayabag \~~ aburdframan ,~Q)~-1Y'ayaft W'~ seyoms ~

ayaftan ,,~~ apusI~~

adadih ~~ abr ~adad \~ axwasl

--6W~

hixtan \\~ axwasihI ~-Y'

adadestanih "'U"" tu' tt)U'" sepayN ..JoUt.l~

adadestan \~tu'~ scsabagN '~Q)oA\) -J"

cbgatih ~ teo'.-tU" cwI ~

cbgat\~.-JO' gandumI ..,.,.".,

ebsnlsrim ~~....)U' gyanI~

mayI -<Y" adahm~

ayar ~ agah ~

PAHLAVI KEY 235

[·1] [J]xam ~ iihalljit!an

, I 1'(,) " KJthamharz ~ ahos .IoU \"'0'haminig ,~~ ahosih

~t'U'

hamin \~ hawistih ""U tfJU t'O'

xamiz bG'U' hiiwist \te>uWhamwiir \.u\'6'U' xiik \¥O'

hamoyen '~16'U' ahr, xar ~hamon \,~ pas1 ~xiimos ""'U~ ahlii ~hlimkiswar ~~~ ahHiyih ~hamist ,~ xaromand .)~~hasar ~ ahram-, iixriim- -~axistan \\~ axramidan ,\~haz- - Vt.,)' ahraftan

"V'~hazisn \t"UCUO' pasih1

~2hiid, haxt \\Vl)t pasdanisnihI ~\4Jr--u~hiidoxt \te)t,~ Ahrcman ~\ / \~hiidamansar ~~~M>U' Ahriswang " \~

hadamans3.rig \~~~~ ahlawih .A\2J~axtar ~lbU' ahlawdiid \~...J~axtaramar ~tbU' ahlaw ~~axtarmlir ~~tbuI Ahreman

~\/ ,~axtarmarih ~~ ahlomoyih ~~~xwah1

~~ 'ahlomoy \~~xwahar1

"),G~ xiirpust ,~,~

PAI-ILA VI KEY

THE alphabetical order is that of the Aramaic alphabet, taking account of the firstvalue of each letter only (see Table II, p. xiii), thus:

~ »" --6' ~ ~ ...s... yo- ~. -<Y ~ ~ ..N

rl + -6 = t6 .. -' ~ -' = -0 = JJ] .. -J te.1 ~ U

V' ~" V .» -G ~. ~ l... =, ..s ,[2] [I]

ahan, "anyl, 1-3axw,\~

a-, ii, h- -..AI

1-2Xan.AU'bradl

hawand J\\"'O'\~haxt

hiiwandih -"CY \ \""0'\\\(.J'VU'ahixtan, haxtan

ahunsand -'~\~xayag \~

ahunsandih -""'lY to \ l"U'ahan \~

anizl~\l"'t.1

"rutxayug ,~K)U'

1-2hiiwan-:t>O~

~n·1.1xayagdts

ahuna\var\~xayag

ahanuz, anizT .,,\~iixez- -~

aMgen- -,.,-'~ axczidan \\~~

aMgenidan \\te,)",~iihidih -"-'~

ahog, ahug, xanag \ ~ t"O' rrhid \~

axwarr \\"'0' axwan \""' t"U'axwarrsaHir ~~~ axwarih ~~ahomanag \~~~ ahang .,,~

axwamn \t6~ xanig ,~\-'O'

ahanJ- - <\t'"O' axwcskar ~~\"'\Y

I = (part) ideogrammatic spelling N = numeral