A Divided Nation: Causes of the Civil A Divided Nation: Causes of the Civil WarWar

CST 8.9.5 - Analyze the significance of the Wilmot Proviso (1846), the Compromise of CST 8.9.5 - Analyze the significance of the Wilmot Proviso (1846), the Compromise of 1850, Henry Clay's role in the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), 1850, Henry Clay's role in the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision (1857), and the Lincoln-Douglas debates (1858). the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision (1857), and the Lincoln-Douglas debates (1858).

CST 8.10 - Students analyze the multiple causes, key events, and complex CST 8.10 - Students analyze the multiple causes, key events, and complex consequences leading to the Civil War. consequences leading to the Civil War.

CST 8.10.2 - Trace the boundaries constituting the North and the South, the CST 8.10.2 - Trace the boundaries constituting the North and the South, the geographical differences between the two regions, and the differences between geographical differences between the two regions, and the differences between agrarians and industrialists. agrarians and industrialists.

North and South take Different North and South take Different PathsPaths

THE NORTHTHE NORTH

- - Industrial growth leads to rapid growth ofIndustrial growth leads to rapid growth of cities, Factory jobs for millions.cities, Factory jobs for millions.- Immigration from Ireland, Germany and United Immigration from Ireland, Germany and United Kingdom increases population of NORTHKingdom increases population of NORTH- Cheap western lands, development of Railroads,Cheap western lands, development of Railroads, and steam powered factories lead to rapid and steam powered factories lead to rapid growth of the western territoriesgrowth of the western territories THE SOUTHTHE SOUTH- ““Cotton is King”: Southern politics and societyCotton is King”: Southern politics and society controlled by few wealthy planters controlled by few wealthy planters - Make profit from Slave labor, exports of cottonMake profit from Slave labor, exports of cotton- “ “Agrarian Economy” economy based uponAgrarian Economy” economy based upon agriculture, South develops little industryagriculture, South develops little industry

Southerners Defend SlaverySoutherners Defend Slavery

Southerners Southerners create create SLAVE SLAVE CODESCODES: laws : laws created to created to control slaves control slaves and deny them and deny them many basic many basic rights. rights.

For example, not For example, not being able to being able to read or write.read or write.

Southerners claim that Southerners claim that slaves are provided with slaves are provided with food, shelter and clothing, food, shelter and clothing, and are better off than and are better off than Northern workers. What Northern workers. What do you think?do you think?

CaliforniaCaliforniaCalifornia requested admission into the California requested admission into the

Union as a free state. This would throw off Union as a free state. This would throw off the balance of slave and free states. The the balance of slave and free states. The South threatened to secede (to leave the South threatened to secede (to leave the Union).Union).

How would you solve this problem?How would you solve this problem?

The Compromise of 1850The Compromise of 1850

What parts of this What parts of this compromise would compromise would

make the South and make the South and the North happy?the North happy?

The problem was settled by Henry The problem was settled by Henry Clay:Clay:

1. California admitted as a FREE STATE

2. Slave Trade is abolished in Washington D.C.

3. Stronger Fugitive Slave Law passes

4. Utah and New Mexico Territories – slavery would be decided by popular sovereignty (voting).

The Fugitive Slave Law

Part of the Compromise of 1850 included a stronger fugitive slave law. This law allowed southern slave holders to travel north to capture runaway slaves.

Why would this anger northern abolitionists?

Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Harriet Beecher StoweHarriet Beecher Stowe

publishes publishes Uncle Tom’s Uncle Tom’s CabinCabin

Expresses moral and social Expresses moral and social wrongs of slavery and the wrongs of slavery and the injustices of Fugitive Slave injustices of Fugitive Slave LawLaw

Sells over 100,000 copies Sells over 100,000 copies and convinces many to and convinces many to support abolitionsupport abolition

South angry over text, South angry over text, thought the book was unfairthought the book was unfair

Kansas - Nebraska Act 1854Kansas - Nebraska Act 1854 Congress divides Kansas territory in two sectionsCongress divides Kansas territory in two sections

POPULAR SOVEREIGNTYPOPULAR SOVEREIGNTY: Each territory is allowed to decide : Each territory is allowed to decide on the issue of slavery by voting. on the issue of slavery by voting.

This law changed the Missouri Compromise law. This law changed the Missouri Compromise law. Proslavery and Antislavery citizens flooded into Kansas to Proslavery and Antislavery citizens flooded into Kansas to

vote.vote.

Bleeding KansasBleeding Kansas At first there were more antislavery settlers in Kansas, but At first there were more antislavery settlers in Kansas, but

5,000 proslavery citizens came from Missouri to vote 5,000 proslavery citizens came from Missouri to vote illegally.illegally.

The proslavery votes won. Antislavery settlers formed their The proslavery votes won. Antislavery settlers formed their own government. Both sides started to fight. Read pg. 464own government. Both sides started to fight. Read pg. 464

““BLEEDING KANSAS”BLEEDING KANSAS” – name for Kansas Territory because of – name for Kansas Territory because of the violence there over the issue of slavery in the 1850’s the violence there over the issue of slavery in the 1850’s between anti-slavery people and pro-slavery peoplebetween anti-slavery people and pro-slavery people

Dred ScottDred Scott

Dred Scott was a slave in Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri. His owner took Missouri. His owner took him to live in territories him to live in territories where slavery was illegal. where slavery was illegal. After his owner’s death, After his owner’s death, Dred Scott thought that he Dred Scott thought that he was free since he had was free since he had lived in free territories and lived in free territories and he sued for his freedom.he sued for his freedom.

Dred Scott vs. Sandford Decision - Dred Scott vs. Sandford Decision - 18571857

Supreme Court says:Supreme Court says: Free Blacks and slaves Free Blacks and slaves

were not citizens and could were not citizens and could not sue in Federal court. not sue in Federal court.

Scott had to live by Scott had to live by Missouri’s slave codeMissouri’s slave code

Court says slavery could not Court says slavery could not be be

stopped in the territories stopped in the territories since slaves were property.since slaves were property.

Democrats and RepublicansDemocrats and Republicans

Democrats – Believed in voting on Democrats – Believed in voting on slavery (popular sovereignty)slavery (popular sovereignty)

Republicans – Did not want slavery to Republicans – Did not want slavery to expand. expand.

Lincoln Douglas Debates - 1858Lincoln Douglas Debates - 1858

Democrat Stephen DouglasDemocrat Stephen Douglas argues for argues for Popular Popular SovereigntySovereignty

Republican Abraham Republican Abraham LincolnLincoln argues that the U.S. argues that the U.S. should prevent extension of should prevent extension of slavery into the western slavery into the western territoriesterritories

Election won by Douglas, Election won by Douglas, but make Lincoln a national but make Lincoln a national figurefigure

Election for Senate seat Election for Senate seat from Illinoisfrom Illinois

John Brown’s Raid at Harpers John Brown’s Raid at Harpers FerryFerry

Abolitionist John Brown leads raid against Abolitionist John Brown leads raid against Federal Arsenal at Harpers Ferry Virginia. Federal Arsenal at Harpers Ferry Virginia. Tries to steal guns from government - Tries to steal guns from government - Attempting to start an armed slave rebellion.Attempting to start an armed slave rebellion.

Attempt fails, no help from slaves, John Attempt fails, no help from slaves, John Brown is captured and taken prisonerBrown is captured and taken prisoner

Tried for Treason, hung for his crimeTried for Treason, hung for his crime Northerners salute BrownNortherners salute Brown Southerners offended Southerners offended

by North’s reactionby North’s reaction

Election of 1860 – pg 472Election of 1860 – pg 472

The Republican candidate – Abraham Lincoln was The Republican candidate – Abraham Lincoln was elected president. elected president.

Lincoln did not want slavery to expand West.Lincoln did not want slavery to expand West.

Not one southern state voted for Lincoln. Not one southern state voted for Lincoln.

Southern states began to secede from the UnionSouthern states began to secede from the Union

Southern States Secede-pg. Southern States Secede-pg. 473473

After Lincoln elected, After Lincoln elected,

South Carolina 1South Carolina 1stst state( + 6 more) state( + 6 more)

secede (withdraw) from the Unionsecede (withdraw) from the Union Form “Confederate States of America”Form “Confederate States of America” Elect Jefferson Davis as PresidentElect Jefferson Davis as President Write own ConstitutionWrite own Constitution Name Richmond VA. as capitalName Richmond VA. as capital