a dozen ways - uc agriculture & natural resources · 3/4/19 1 a dozen ways to prevent pest...
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ADozenWaystoPreventPestProblemsinYourOrganicGardenUsingtheIPMApproach
MaryLouiseFlint,Ph.D.ExtensionEntomologistEmerita
UCDavis
Yourgardenisanecosystem• Manageittofavorthegrowthofdesiredplants
andpreventpestproblems.• Youmustplanahead.Thebestwaystobeat
pestsarepreventive.• Oncepestproblemsgetoutofcontrol,they
maynotbemanageableoryouwillneedtousesuppressivetoolsthatmayhaveotherunwantedimpacts.
• Identifyyourpests.Recognizethebeneficialsinyourgardenecosystem.
• Choosemethodsthatareappropriateforyourpestsandgrowingsituationanduseanintegratedapproach.
• Hereare12waysyoucanpreventproblems.
1.Ensurethattheplantingareaispest-freebeforeyouplantortreesstartgrowing
• Removeoldcropdebris• Removeweedsandtheirpropagules
• Eliminatepestrefuges• Ifcertainsoilbornepathogens,nematodesorperennialweedsarepresent,solarizationorrotationmaybeappropriate
Squashbug
Brownrotonapricot
Snailshiding
Solarizationcanreducecertainsoilborneweeds,pathogensandnematodes.
Fusariumwiltinbeans Rootknotnematodeinlettuce
cheeseweed
2.PlantSmart:Whereavailable,choose:
• Resistantcultivarsorrootstocks
• Asunnysitewithoutahistoryofpestproblems
• Plantingtimesthatavoidpests(transplantifnecessary)
• Locationsawayfromuncultivatedareas
• Timelyharvest
Damping-offofseedlings
Powderymildewonmelons
Pestsmaymoveinfromnearbyuncultivatedorweedyareas
Curlytopvirusonpeppers—leafhoppervector
Codlingmoth
Spottedcucumberbeetle cutworm
Fieldcricket
AlsoWeeds!
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3.EncourageNaturalEnemiesofPests
• Learntorecognizethem
• Don’tkillthemwithpesticides
• Floweringplantsprovidepollenandnectarthatallowthemtolivelongerandlaymoreeggs
Predatorssuchasladybeetles
Parasitessuchasthisaphid-killingwasp
Ceanothusandalyssumprovidepollenandnectarfornaturalenemies
Greenlacewinglarva,adultandeggonstalk
Asianmulticoloredladybeetleadultlarvaandpupa
Ladybeetleeggs
Syrphidflyadultandlarva
Afewcommonpredators
What is Biological Control?
Parasites (technically Parasitoids)
• Most are wasps or flies
• Often smaller than their host
• Kills only one host individual
• Develop inside or outside of the host
9 Aphid parasite life cycle
Wasp laying egg in aphid host
Caterpillar parasitoid 4.Consideryourirrigation
system• Overwateringpromotesrootandcrowndiseases
• Wetwateronfoliagecanfavordevelopmentoffoliardiseases
• Dripirrigationdirectswaterwhereyouneedit,reducesweed,diseaseandsnailandslugproblems
Phytophthoraonbrusselsprouts
5.Rowcoversorcapsprotectsmallplantsfromseedlingpests.
Fleabeetles
Cabbageandseedmaggots Thrips Aphids
Fencingandgopherbasketsprotectagainstsomevertebratepests.
Barriers
Copperbarriersrepelsnailsandslugs
Birdnetting
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6.Keepplantswellventilatedandfruitofftheground
pillbugs GraymoldontomatoBunchrotongrapes
Graymoldonstrawberry
trellis
7.Mulch• Mulchessuppressweeds,keepdowndust,moderatetemperatures,preservemoisture
• Dustencourageswhitefliesandspidermitesandsuppressesbeneficials
• Reflectivemulchesrepelvirusvectorsincludingaphids,thripsandwhiteflies
• Mulchescanharborsomepests,somonitorthem
Strawmulch
Reflectivemulch
WhiteflyadultsandnymphsEarwigsandotherpestsmayhideinmulch
8.Don’taddtoomuchorganicmatter
• Mostgardensdon’tneedregularincorporationoforganicmatter.
• Moderateamountgoodtoimprovedrainageandaeration.
• Toomuchleadtoproblemswithsymphylans,springtails,cutworms,wireworms,greenfruitbeetlegrubs,nutrientdeficienciesandmore.
springtails
Wirewormanddamage
cutworm
Greenfruitbeetlegrubs
9.Regularlymonitoryourgarden
• Learntoidentifypests,theirdamageandbeneficials
• UseUniversityofCaliforniaresourcesforhelpwww.ipm.ucanr.edu
• Otherexpertsinyourofficecanhelp• Appropriatechoiceofmanagementmethodsrequiresyouproperlyidentifypests
• ManyplantpathogensrequirealabtesttoID
Resources:Orderfromwww.anrcatalog.com
UCIPMWebSitewww.ipm.ucanr.edu
10.HandpickingandTraps
• Identifyinsecteggsanddestroythembeforetheyhatch.
• Pickoffcaterpillars,stinkbugs,squashbugsandotherpests.
• Somediseasescanbereducedbypruningoffdiseasedleavesorbranches.
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Ladybeetle Squashbug Stinkbug
AssassinbugOmnivorousleafroller Beetarmyworm
Greenlacewing Tomatofruitworm/looper
InsectEggsPickoffthebad.Protectthegood.
Notethataphidsusuallydon’thaveeggs
PickofforPruneOut
Fireblight Squashbug Stinkbugs
Aphidcurledleaves HornwormLooper
Traps
Boardtrapforsnailsandslugs.Smallerboardtrapscanbeusedforsquashbugs.
PheromonetrapforLepidopteraUsemostlyformonitoring
Gophertrap
Yellowstickytrap
Rollednewspaperforearwigs
11.ConsiderSpraysonlyasalastresort
• Water• Insecticidalsoaps• Oils• Food-basedvolatileoils• Microbials• Botanicals• Ironphosphate• Spinosad• Sulfurandcopperfungicides
Usepesticides,includingtheseorganiconesonlywhennecessaryandapplytheminawaythatensurestheireffectivenessandsafetytopeople,beneficialsandtheenvironment.
Waterspray
12.CustomizeandRefineyoursystem
• IntegrateseveralmanagementtoolsintoanIPMprogramforyoursituation.
• Getcreative.Experiment.Keepnotes.Research.
• Learn.
Resources:Orderfromwww.anrcatalog.com
UCIPMWebSitewww.ipm.ucanr.edu
AlsocontactyourlocalUCMasterGardeners