THE STUDY ON FACTORS AFFECTING TIE SURVIVAL OF ESCHEHCHU

COLI IN DREDGED MARINE SOILS

/ A &esis .Siili.ttted ifi

Mfillrnent of the requirement for the award of the D-egree of Master of Civil Engineering

Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineefing Universiti Tun Hussein O m Malaysia

SEPTEMBER 20 15

ABSTRACT

Dredging work involves a range of marine mils, varying fiom cwse to fine, clean

to contaminated. Dredging involves excavation and disposal and both processes could

affect the marine environment through release of possible contaminants. Dredged

marine soil OMS) samples with different physico-chemical properties from two

dredging locations were analyzed for identification of pathogenic k te r i a ,

Identification process was a first element in the detection of biological hazards in

marine soils. Due to the potential for transmission of diseases, this hazard becomes a

major concern as the DMS bas its o m values for reuse or recycle purposes. To

prevent the needless cast and t h e involved in assessing several of pathogenic

bacteria, the itldicator bacteria, Esc&rfchfcr eoli (E. eolu has been used to assess the

level of biologicd c o n ~ t i o n in marine environmenti The effect of natural factors

including salinity, pH, marine soil particle she, solar exposure Ad depth of soil were /

investigated. The main god is to understand the bacterial survival ability, as an

appmach €0 deal with the hamda. Uiider ~e condition without the existence of

predatory microorganisms, experiments is performed at nine salinity level; ranging

fiom 0 % to 35 %, pH 6 to 9 and nine hours of solar exposure. It was observed that

salinity ha8 induced pH changes. The highest survival was observed at higher salinity

after 42 days of expasure. Besides salinity, pH also affects the survival. The pH

experimental revealed the high survival of E. culi in high pH. High number of E. culi

was found in clay rather than silt soil indicated the survival of bacteria was affected

by the particle size as well. In lahmtoq mlar exposure experiments, the data dealing

with the survival of bacteria showed that the cell reduction was more pronounced

when compared to the absence of solar threat. After an extended period of solar

exposures, 2-logs of E, colt have been removed. Therefore, based on the result, the

bacteria survivability in DMS was af3ktd by the particle size, dmityf pH and solar

exposures.

Kerja penggenrkan melibatkin pelbagai jenis tanah m;arin, yang berbeza-beza dari

kaar kepada halw, bersih kepi& tercemw. Pmggemkm melibatkin pnggdim d m

pelupusan dan kedua-dua proses boleh menjejaskan alam sekitar rnarin melalui

pelepsm b W cemw ymg mugkin. Tanah ma& ke&m (DMS) smpel defigm

sifat-sifat fiziko-Ma yang berbeza dari dua lokasi penggeruWran d i d i s i s unhk

menged pasti bslktetia patdgea. Pmss pefigenalaui b&eria adalah eleniefi pmma dalam pengesanan bahaya biologi &dam tanah marin. Berdasarkan kepada potensi

untuk penyebaran penyakit, h a d ini menjadi fokus kerana DMS mempunyai nilai

untuk tujuan digunakan semula atau kikx semda. Un& mengel&an kas ymg sia-

sia dm masa yang terlibat da.lam menilai beberapa bakteria pathogen, bakteria

penunjuk, Escherichia coli (E.colij telah digmakin untuk menilai tahap pencemaran

biologi dalam persekitarm &. Kesan f&or semula jadi termasuk tahap

kernasinan, pH, sak mah tanah m e pdedahan solar dm kedalaman tanah telah

dikaji. Matlamat utama ildalah wtuk memahami keupaym survival bakteria, sebagai

satu pendekatan untuk mamgani hazad. Dalam keadaan tanpa kewujudan

mikroorgmisma ~ ~ g s r t , ekspmhen di.d- di sembilan tahap kernashan;

antara 0 hingga 35 960 pH 6 hingga 9 dm sembilan jam pendedahan solar. Ia adalah

diperhatw bahawa kern- telah mmdarong p e t u b w pH. S w i v d terthggi

diperhatikan di kemasinan tinggi selepas 42 hari pendedahan, Selain kemasinan, pH

jugs memberi ke rn kep* swivd. Eksperitneh pH m e n d e a sw-ivd ymg

tinggi E. coli dalam pH yang tinggi. Jumlah tin& E. coli yyang terdapat dalam tanah

liat h b h tan& keloM menunjukkan survival W e r i a terjejas oleh &z i ~ &

juga. Dalsun eksperimen pendedahan solar, data yang berkaitan dengan sunrival

bakteria menunjukkan bahawa pengurangan sel adalah lebih ketara jika dibandingkan

dengau ketidixm aucarnan solar. Selepas temph ymg panjaug penciecbhan mlar, 2-

logs daripada E. coli telah dikwangh. Oleh itu, b e r k k a n keputusan, kemmdirian

bakteria dalm DMS terjejas oleh saiz zarah, kernasinan, pH dan pendedahan solar.

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