a global conflict
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A Global Conflict. WWI more than a European conflict Australia and Japan fought with Allies India supplied troops to British Ottoman Turks and Bulgaria fight with Central Powers New allies and war fronts around the globe. War Affects the World. Allies look to attack the Dardanelles - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
A Global Conflict
WWI more than a European conflict◦Australia and Japan fought with Allies◦India supplied troops to British◦Ottoman Turks and Bulgaria fight with Central Powers
◦New allies and war fronts around the globe
Allies look to attack the Dardanelles◦Take Ottoman capital of Constantinople
◦Defeat Turks◦Establish supply line to Russia◦Use Danube River to attack Austria
War Affects the World
Efforts begin Feb. 1915◦Repeated attacks on Gallipoli Peninsula British, Australians, New Zealand, French troops
Western side of Dardanelles Strait Turkish troops defend the region
◦May – bloody stalemate◦December – Allies give up◦250,000 casualties
The Gallipoli Campaign
Southwest Asia◦British help Arabs rise up against Turks Lawrence of Arabia turns Arab princes
against Ottoman overlords Allies take Baghdad, Jerusalem, Damascus
Asia and Africa◦Germany’s colonies come under assault
◦Japanese overrun outposts in China Capture Pacific island colonies
Battles in Africa and Asia
British and French recruit colonists◦Troops and laborers from Africa, India, Indochina
Purpose of German blockade◦Starve Britain into defeat before US could go to war
◦Stop all ships going to Britain/Europe Search for weapons or supplies Sink those carrying weapons
Blockade of Britain
May 17, 1915 – Germans sink Lusitania◦British ship◦1,198 dead – 128 Americans◦Germans claim ship carrying ammunition – true
◦American public outraged◦President Wilson protested to Germany
◦2 attacks later Germans stop attacks on neutral and passenger ships
Germans Control the Seas 1917 – Focus of war shifts to the high seas
Jan 1917 - Germans resume unrestricted sub warfare◦Sink without warning any ship in the waters around Britain
Feb 1917 German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmerman◦Sends note to ambassador in Mexico◦Mexico would ally w/Germany◦Germany would help Mexico “reconquer”
land lost to US◦British decode message and give to US
Zimmerman Note
Americans call for war◦Bond w/England Shared language and ancestry
Apr. 2, 1917 – US declares war on Central Powers
Three years of war before US enters◦More men killed than in 3 centuries before
◦War claimed lives of millions Affected everyone
War Affects the Home Front
Total War◦Countries devote all resources to war
effort Wartime gov’ts take control
◦Told factories what to produce and how much
◦Every able-bodied citizen put to work◦Gov’ts look to foreign workers
Gov’ts Wage Total War
Rationing◦People could only buy small amounts of
items needed for war Gov’ts suppress anti-war activity
◦Censor news about the war◦Use propaganda One-sided information designed to
persuade
War’s Impact on Women◦Thousands go to work Replace men in factories, offices, and shops
Russia withdraws from the War◦March 1917 Civil unrest in Russia brings down czar’s gov’t
Nicholas abdicated throne on March 15
New gov’t vows to keep fighting Army refuses
Allies win the War
◦Nov 1917 – Communist Revolution Lenin ends involvement in war Offers Germany truce
March 1918◦Ends war between Germany and Russia
◦Required Russian gov’t to surrender land Finland, Poland, Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
◦Nations gain independence at end of war
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk