A Growing Nation

Unit 3, Lesson 3

Industry in Ohio• After the Civil War, industries in Ohio

grew rapidly.• Ohio’s location, natural resources,

and transportation systems made this growth possible.

Steel, Oil, Rubber, and Glass• Ohioans began making iron for farm tools

in the early 1800s.• Growth of railroads after the Civil War led

to a greater demand for iron and steel.– Demand the need for a product or service by

people who are willing to pay for it• Ohio steel mills made a greater supply of

steel to meet the demand.– Supply the amount of a product offered for

sale

Steel, Oil, Rubber, and Glass• Oil = John D. Rockefeller– formed the Standard Oil Company in Cleveland in

1870.– by 1880 company owned most of the oil in the

United States• Rubber = Benjamin F. Goodrich in 1871– moved his factory to Akron; eventually became

known as “Rubber Capital of the World”• Glass = Edward Libbey in 1888– moved factory to Toledo; eventually became

known as “Glass City”

Steel, Oil, Rubber, and Glass• Ohio had many of the natural

resources needed to make products– Iron ore, oil, natural gas

• Allowed Ohio industries to specialize (to make only a few kinds of products)– Able to make more of a product for a

lower cost

A New Century• Many people came to work in the

state’s growing industries.• By 1900 more than 4 million people

lived in Ohio.

Famous Ohio Inventors• The growth of industry led a number of

Ohioans to develop inventions– Invention something that has been made for

the first time• One of the most famous Ohio inventors was

Thomas Edison– Invented the electric lightbulb– Held more than 1,000 patents

• Patent government award of the right to make or sell an invention; stop others from copying an invention

Famous Ohio Inventors• Orville and Wilbur Wright from

Dayton developed a completely new way to travel– 1903 = made the first successful

powerful airplane flight• Charles Kettering from Dayton

invented the electric automobile starter– Allowed people to start cars without

turning a crank or handle

The Wright Brothers

Charles Kettering

Famous Ohio Inventors• Some successful Ohio inventors were

African Americans.• Granville Woods of Cincinnati

developed the first electric railway• Garrett Morgan of Cleveland

patented the first United States traffic signal and early gas mask

Granville Woods

Garrett Morgan

Newcomers to Ohio• Thousands of Europeans immigrated

to the United States in the early 1900s – many came to Ohio

• By 1910 about 1 out of 3 people in Cleveland, Youngstown, and Lorain had come from some other country.

Newcomers to Ohio• African Americans also migrated to

Ohio and other northern states during this time.–Many came from southern states.

• The movement of people came to be called the Great Migration.– In the 1910s and 1920s, thousands of

African Americans moved to Ohio cities to work in factories.

The Great Migration