a+ guide to software managing, maintaining and troubleshooting third edition chapter 11 windows on a...

A+ Guide to SoftwareManaging, Maintaining and Troubleshooting

THIRD EDITION

Chapter 11

Windows on a Network

2A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

You Will Learn… About different types of physical network

architectures How networking works with Windows How to configure a network card and a

network protocol using Windows About sharing resources on a network Troubleshooting tools and tips for

network connections


Physical Network Architecture

LAN (local area network) provides a way for devices to communicate and share resources

Node (host) is one device on a network Popular physical network architectures

Ethernet Wireless LAN Token Ring FDDI


Ethernet

Most popular network architecture today Three variations

10-Mbps Ethernet 100-Mbps (Fast) Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet

Most Ethernet networks use star configuration using a hub

A hub is a distribution point


Ethernet Star Configuration


Hub, RJ-45 and BNC Connectors


Wireless LAN

Uses radio waves or infrared light instead of cables to connect devices

Uses a wireless network interface card which includes an antenna

Devices connect to LAN by way of a wireless access point (AP)


Access Point


How NICs Work

PCI slot USB port SCSI external port Serial port Embedded on motherboard

A PC connects to a network by way of a network adapter (network interface card, NIC)


How NICs Work (continued)

An individual NIC supports only one architecture at a time

A combo card can accommodate different cabling media

Each NIC is uniquely identified by an address knows as any of the following:

MAC address

Media Access Control

Hardware address

Physical address

Adapter address

Ethernet address


Ethernet Combo Card


Windows Networking

Network Operating System (NOS) controls an entire network and resources in a client/server model

Popular Network Operating Systems Windows Server 2003 Windows 2000 Server Novell NetWare Unix Linux


Windows Networking (continued)

Client/Server network Client computer provides a user ID and

password in order to access a network Server validates that data against a security

database Windows client/server network is called

a domain Server in a Windows network is called a

domain controller


Windows Networking (continued)

In a peer-to-peer network, each computer has the same authority as the other computers

Usually fewer than 10 computers

A Windows peer-to-peer network is called a workgroup


Windows Network Protocols


Windows Network Protocols (continued)

TCP/IP is the protocol of the Internet

IPX/SPX is a protocol designed for Novell NetWare

NetBEUI is a non-routable Windows protocol


Windows Network Protocols (continued)

To use a network protocol Install the NIC and connect to the network Install the protocol in the operating system Protocol automatically associates itself with

any NICs it finds in a process called binding

Properties page of a network connection will show installed network protocols


Installed Network Protocols


Addressing on a Network

MAC Address: unique permanent address embedded in a NIC

IP address: a 32-bit address identifying a device in a TCP/IP network

Character-based names Host name NetBIOS name (computer name)

Port address


MAC Addresses

Used at the physical level of networking

A host uses the operating system to learn the MAC address of another host on the same network

Cannot be used to communicate between hosts on different networks


Using MAC Addresses


Using Ipconfig to Display IP Address and MAC Address


IP Addresses

Identify devices on the Internet and other TCP/IP networks

Four octets separated by periods that identifies a computer, printer, or other device on a TCP/IP network

First part identifies the network

Last part identifies the host


Classes of IP Addresses


Public, Private, and Reserved IP Addresses Public IP addresses – group of IP

addresses, different from all others, licensed for use on the Internet

Private IP addresses – used on private intranets isolated from the Internet 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255

172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255

192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255


Reserved IP Addresses Certain IP addresses are reserved for

special use by TCP/IP All IP addresses must be unique for a

network


Dynamically Assigned IP Addresses Static IP address

Manually assigning an IP address permanently to a host

Dynamic IP address

Leasing an IP address for the current session only


Dynamically Assigned IP Addresses (continued)

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server

Manages dynamic IP address assignment

Failed attempt to lease an IP address results in an Automatic Private IP Address (APIPA) in the 169.254.0.0 network


DHCP Server


Network Address Translation

Uses a single public IP address to access the Internet on behalf of all hosts on the network using other IP addresses

Proxy server sometimes does double duty as a firewall


Proxy Server


Host Names and NetBIOS Names

Use characters rather than numbers to identify a computer on a network

Easier to remember and use than IP addresses

Domain name identifies a network


Host Names and NetBIOS Names (continued)

NetBIOS name – used by NetBEUI protocol to identify a computer on the network

WINS resolves a NetBIOS name to an IP address

Host name – Used by TCP/IP to identify a computer on the network

DNS resolves a host name to an IP address


How Computers Find Each Other on a LAN

A Windows 98 computer using NetBIOS uses the following steps (next slide) to resolve a name to an IP address

A Windows 2000/XP computer using TCP/IP begins at step 5

If NetBEUI is running, it then turns to steps 1 through 4 to resolve the name


How Computers Find Each Other on a LAN (continued)

1. Checks NetBIOS name cache

2. Queries WINS server

3. Broadcasts NetBIOS name to be resolved

4. Checks LMHosts file

5. Checks Hosts file

6. Queries DNS server


Configuring a Network Card and Connecting to a Network

1. Install the NIC and drivers

2. Using Windows, configure the NIC with the correct addresses and protocols

3. Test the NIC to verify ability to access network resources

Installing a network card and connecting a PC to a network:


Installing a NIC Using Windows 2000/XP

1. Physically install the network card

2. Turn on the PC and the Found New Hardware Wizard locates and loads drivers

3. Use Device Manager to verify that the device drivers installed properly

4. Connect the NIC port to the network with a cable


Windows XP Computer Name

1. Right-click My Computer, select Properties from shortcut menu

2. For Windows XP, click Computer Name tab, click Change button

3. Enter the new computer name

4. Select Workgroup or Domain, as appropriate, enter its name

5. Click OK, OK, and reboot

6. Go to My Network Places and view other computers on the network


Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 2000/XP

1. Will the PC use dynamic or static IP addressing?

2. If static, what IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway should be used?

3. What is the IP address of DNS server?4. What is the IP address of the proxy

server?

Before installing TCP/IP, ask:


Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 2000/XP (continued)1. Open Network Connections, right-click

Local Area Connection icon, select Properties

2. Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), click Properties button

3. For dynamic addressing, select Obtain IP address automatically; for static addressing, select Use the following IP address, enter IP address, Subnet mask and Default gateway


Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 2000/XP (continued)4. If DHCP will assign DNS server

address, select Obtain DNS server address automatically, click OK twice

If not, select Use the following DNS server address, enter the IP address, click OK twice

5. Open My Network Places and verify your computer and others on the network are visible

If not, reboot


Installing a NIC Using Windows 9x1. Physically install the network card

2. Turn on the PC and the Found New Hardware Wizard locates and loads drivers

3. Use Device Manager to verify that the device drivers installed properly

4. Connect the NIC port to the network with a patch cable


Assigning a Computer Name in Windows 9x

1. Access Control Panel, Network icon

2. Click Identification tab

3. Enter workgroup and computer name

4. Click OK to exit; reboot

5. Open Network Neighborhood and verify that you see your computer and others on the network


Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 98

1. Access Control Panel, Network icon

2. Click Add

3. Select Protocol and click Add; select Microsoft on the left, TCP/IP on the right, click OK

4. Notice that that TCP/IP is automatically bound to any network adapter or modem


Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 98 (continued)

1. In the Network window, select the item where TCP/IP is bound to the NIC, click Properties

2. If static IP addressing is used, click Specify an IP address, enter the IP address and Subnet mask

If dynamic addressing is used, click Obtain IP address automatically


Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 98 (continued)3. If DNS will be used, click the DNS

Configuration tab, choose to enable DNS, enter the IP addresses of DNS servers

4. When finished, click OK twice

5. Open Network Neighborhood and verify that you see your computer and others on the network


Installing a Wireless NIC

1. Install the wireless NIC in computer Follow the Found New Hardware Wizard

to load device drivers

2. Configure the NIC to use the same parameters as the access point

3. Use the configuration software to view wireless connection status and to change wireless parameters


Installing a Wireless NIC (continued)4. Click the configuration tab to change

how the NIC functions Mode: infrastructure or Ad Hoc SSID: service set identifier Tx Rate: transmission rate PS Mode: allows PC to enter sleep mode

5. Click Encryption tab to enable 64-bit or 128-bit encryption and enter a secret passphrase


Installing a Wireless NIC (continued)

6. Configure the NIC to use TCP/IP or NetBEUI

After configuration, you should immediately see resources in My Network Places or Network Neighborhood

Try rebooting

Check MAC address filtering


Sharing Files, Folders, and Applications

Users must be assigned to the same workgroup or domain to share resources

View all computers in the network Network Neighborhood in Windows 9x My Network Places in Windows XP

Drill down to see shared files, folders and printers, copy files, use shared applications, share printers


My Network Places inWindows 2000


Installing Windows 2000/XP Components Needed to Share Resources1. Right-click Local Area Connection and

select Properties

2. On the General tab, click Install, select Client, click Add, select Client for Microsoft Networks

3. Select Service, click Add, select File and printer sharing for Microsoft Networks, click OK


Installing Windows 98 Components Needed to Share Resources1. Open Network applet in Control Panel

and click Add, select Client, click Add

2. Select Microsoft on the left and Client for Microsoft Networks on the right

3. Install File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks using same method

4. Enable file and printer sharing

5. Verify both are bound to TCP/IP


Sharing Files and Folders with the Workgroup

1. In Windows Explorer, right-click a folder Windows XP: select Sharing and Security Windows 2000 or 98: select Sharing

2. Share the folder Windows XP: select Share this folder… Windows 2000 or 98: select Shared As Enter a name for the shared folder

3. Windows 2000 or 98: click Depends on Password


Using Windows Explorer to Share Files and Folders in Windows XP


Using Windows Explorer to Share Files and Folders in Windows 98


Sharing Files and Folders with the Workgroup (continued)

4. To allow others to make changes, enter a folder under Full Access Password

For read-only access, enter a different password, click OK to exit

5. For added security with Windows 2000/XP, set up a user account and password for each user who will access shared resources


Network Drive Maps

Make one PC appear to have a new hard drive when space is actually on another host computer

Make files and folders on a host computer available even to network-unaware applications


Mapping a Network Drive in Windows 98


Accessing a Mapped Drive


Troubleshooting a Network Connection Diagnostic tools useful in troubleshooting

TCP/IP problems

Ping utility tests network connectivity

Diagnostic tools to test TCP/IP configuration

Ipconfig /all (Windows NT/2000/XP)

Winipcfg (Windows 9x)


Troubleshooting a Network Connection (continued)

Release and renew dynamic IP address

Ping the loopback address

Ping the default gateway

Ping a remote host

If Ping works with an IP address but not with a domain name, then DNS is the problem


Summary Different types of physical network

architectures

Networking with Windows

Configuring a network card and a network protocol using Windows

Sharing resources on a network

Troubleshooting tools and tips for network connections

a+ guide to software managing, maintaining and troubleshooting third edition chapter 11 windows on a...

Documents

network slide

network card

network server

software managing

network connections

network troubleshooting

entire network

network protocol