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A+ Guide to SoftwareManaging, Maintaining and Troubleshooting
THIRD EDITION
Chapter 11
Windows on a Network
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2A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
You Will Learn… About different types of physical network
architectures How networking works with Windows How to configure a network card and a
network protocol using Windows About sharing resources on a network Troubleshooting tools and tips for
network connections
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3A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Physical Network Architecture
LAN (local area network) provides a way for devices to communicate and share resources
Node (host) is one device on a network Popular physical network architectures
Ethernet Wireless LAN Token Ring FDDI
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4A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Ethernet
Most popular network architecture today Three variations
10-Mbps Ethernet 100-Mbps (Fast) Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet
Most Ethernet networks use star configuration using a hub
A hub is a distribution point
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5A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Ethernet Star Configuration
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Hub, RJ-45 and BNC Connectors
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7A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Wireless LAN
Uses radio waves or infrared light instead of cables to connect devices
Uses a wireless network interface card which includes an antenna
Devices connect to LAN by way of a wireless access point (AP)
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8A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Access Point
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9A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
How NICs Work
PCI slot USB port SCSI external port Serial port Embedded on motherboard
A PC connects to a network by way of a network adapter (network interface card, NIC)
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10A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
How NICs Work (continued)
An individual NIC supports only one architecture at a time
A combo card can accommodate different cabling media
Each NIC is uniquely identified by an address knows as any of the following:
MAC address
Media Access Control
Hardware address
Physical address
Adapter address
Ethernet address
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11A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Ethernet Combo Card
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12A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Windows Networking
Network Operating System (NOS) controls an entire network and resources in a client/server model
Popular Network Operating Systems Windows Server 2003 Windows 2000 Server Novell NetWare Unix Linux
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13A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Windows Networking (continued)
Client/Server network Client computer provides a user ID and
password in order to access a network Server validates that data against a security
database Windows client/server network is called
a domain Server in a Windows network is called a
domain controller
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14A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Windows Networking (continued)
In a peer-to-peer network, each computer has the same authority as the other computers
Usually fewer than 10 computers
A Windows peer-to-peer network is called a workgroup
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15A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Windows Network Protocols
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16A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Windows Network Protocols (continued)
TCP/IP is the protocol of the Internet
IPX/SPX is a protocol designed for Novell NetWare
NetBEUI is a non-routable Windows protocol
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17A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Windows Network Protocols (continued)
To use a network protocol Install the NIC and connect to the network Install the protocol in the operating system Protocol automatically associates itself with
any NICs it finds in a process called binding
Properties page of a network connection will show installed network protocols
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18A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Installed Network Protocols
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19A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Addressing on a Network
MAC Address: unique permanent address embedded in a NIC
IP address: a 32-bit address identifying a device in a TCP/IP network
Character-based names Host name NetBIOS name (computer name)
Port address
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20A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
MAC Addresses
Used at the physical level of networking
A host uses the operating system to learn the MAC address of another host on the same network
Cannot be used to communicate between hosts on different networks
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21A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Using MAC Addresses
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22A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Using Ipconfig to Display IP Address and MAC Address
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23A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
IP Addresses
Identify devices on the Internet and other TCP/IP networks
Four octets separated by periods that identifies a computer, printer, or other device on a TCP/IP network
First part identifies the network
Last part identifies the host
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24A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Classes of IP Addresses
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25A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Public, Private, and Reserved IP Addresses Public IP addresses – group of IP
addresses, different from all others, licensed for use on the Internet
Private IP addresses – used on private intranets isolated from the Internet 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255
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Reserved IP Addresses Certain IP addresses are reserved for
special use by TCP/IP All IP addresses must be unique for a
network
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27A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Dynamically Assigned IP Addresses Static IP address
Manually assigning an IP address permanently to a host
Dynamic IP address
Leasing an IP address for the current session only
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28A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Dynamically Assigned IP Addresses (continued)
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server
Manages dynamic IP address assignment
Failed attempt to lease an IP address results in an Automatic Private IP Address (APIPA) in the 169.254.0.0 network
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DHCP Server
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30A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Network Address Translation
Uses a single public IP address to access the Internet on behalf of all hosts on the network using other IP addresses
Proxy server sometimes does double duty as a firewall
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Proxy Server
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32A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Host Names and NetBIOS Names
Use characters rather than numbers to identify a computer on a network
Easier to remember and use than IP addresses
Domain name identifies a network
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33A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Host Names and NetBIOS Names (continued)
NetBIOS name – used by NetBEUI protocol to identify a computer on the network
WINS resolves a NetBIOS name to an IP address
Host name – Used by TCP/IP to identify a computer on the network
DNS resolves a host name to an IP address
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34A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
How Computers Find Each Other on a LAN
A Windows 98 computer using NetBIOS uses the following steps (next slide) to resolve a name to an IP address
A Windows 2000/XP computer using TCP/IP begins at step 5
If NetBEUI is running, it then turns to steps 1 through 4 to resolve the name
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35A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
How Computers Find Each Other on a LAN (continued)
1. Checks NetBIOS name cache
2. Queries WINS server
3. Broadcasts NetBIOS name to be resolved
4. Checks LMHosts file
5. Checks Hosts file
6. Queries DNS server
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36A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Configuring a Network Card and Connecting to a Network
1. Install the NIC and drivers
2. Using Windows, configure the NIC with the correct addresses and protocols
3. Test the NIC to verify ability to access network resources
Installing a network card and connecting a PC to a network:
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37A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Installing a NIC Using Windows 2000/XP
1. Physically install the network card
2. Turn on the PC and the Found New Hardware Wizard locates and loads drivers
3. Use Device Manager to verify that the device drivers installed properly
4. Connect the NIC port to the network with a cable
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38A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Windows XP Computer Name
1. Right-click My Computer, select Properties from shortcut menu
2. For Windows XP, click Computer Name tab, click Change button
3. Enter the new computer name
4. Select Workgroup or Domain, as appropriate, enter its name
5. Click OK, OK, and reboot
6. Go to My Network Places and view other computers on the network
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39A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 2000/XP
1. Will the PC use dynamic or static IP addressing?
2. If static, what IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway should be used?
3. What is the IP address of DNS server?4. What is the IP address of the proxy
server?
Before installing TCP/IP, ask:
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40A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 2000/XP (continued)1. Open Network Connections, right-click
Local Area Connection icon, select Properties
2. Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), click Properties button
3. For dynamic addressing, select Obtain IP address automatically; for static addressing, select Use the following IP address, enter IP address, Subnet mask and Default gateway
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41A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 2000/XP (continued)4. If DHCP will assign DNS server
address, select Obtain DNS server address automatically, click OK twice
If not, select Use the following DNS server address, enter the IP address, click OK twice
5. Open My Network Places and verify your computer and others on the network are visible
If not, reboot
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42A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Installing a NIC Using Windows 9x1. Physically install the network card
2. Turn on the PC and the Found New Hardware Wizard locates and loads drivers
3. Use Device Manager to verify that the device drivers installed properly
4. Connect the NIC port to the network with a patch cable
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43A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Assigning a Computer Name in Windows 9x
1. Access Control Panel, Network icon
2. Click Identification tab
3. Enter workgroup and computer name
4. Click OK to exit; reboot
5. Open Network Neighborhood and verify that you see your computer and others on the network
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44A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 98
1. Access Control Panel, Network icon
2. Click Add
3. Select Protocol and click Add; select Microsoft on the left, TCP/IP on the right, click OK
4. Notice that that TCP/IP is automatically bound to any network adapter or modem
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45A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 98 (continued)
1. In the Network window, select the item where TCP/IP is bound to the NIC, click Properties
2. If static IP addressing is used, click Specify an IP address, enter the IP address and Subnet mask
If dynamic addressing is used, click Obtain IP address automatically
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46A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 98 (continued)3. If DNS will be used, click the DNS
Configuration tab, choose to enable DNS, enter the IP addresses of DNS servers
4. When finished, click OK twice
5. Open Network Neighborhood and verify that you see your computer and others on the network
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47A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Installing a Wireless NIC
1. Install the wireless NIC in computer Follow the Found New Hardware Wizard
to load device drivers
2. Configure the NIC to use the same parameters as the access point
3. Use the configuration software to view wireless connection status and to change wireless parameters
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48A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Installing a Wireless NIC (continued)4. Click the configuration tab to change
how the NIC functions Mode: infrastructure or Ad Hoc SSID: service set identifier Tx Rate: transmission rate PS Mode: allows PC to enter sleep mode
5. Click Encryption tab to enable 64-bit or 128-bit encryption and enter a secret passphrase
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49A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Installing a Wireless NIC (continued)
6. Configure the NIC to use TCP/IP or NetBEUI
After configuration, you should immediately see resources in My Network Places or Network Neighborhood
Try rebooting
Check MAC address filtering
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50A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Sharing Files, Folders, and Applications
Users must be assigned to the same workgroup or domain to share resources
View all computers in the network Network Neighborhood in Windows 9x My Network Places in Windows XP
Drill down to see shared files, folders and printers, copy files, use shared applications, share printers
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My Network Places inWindows 2000
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52A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Installing Windows 2000/XP Components Needed to Share Resources1. Right-click Local Area Connection and
select Properties
2. On the General tab, click Install, select Client, click Add, select Client for Microsoft Networks
3. Select Service, click Add, select File and printer sharing for Microsoft Networks, click OK
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53A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Installing Windows 98 Components Needed to Share Resources1. Open Network applet in Control Panel
and click Add, select Client, click Add
2. Select Microsoft on the left and Client for Microsoft Networks on the right
3. Install File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks using same method
4. Enable file and printer sharing
5. Verify both are bound to TCP/IP
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54A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Sharing Files and Folders with the Workgroup
1. In Windows Explorer, right-click a folder Windows XP: select Sharing and Security Windows 2000 or 98: select Sharing
2. Share the folder Windows XP: select Share this folder… Windows 2000 or 98: select Shared As Enter a name for the shared folder
3. Windows 2000 or 98: click Depends on Password
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55A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Using Windows Explorer to Share Files and Folders in Windows XP
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56A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Using Windows Explorer to Share Files and Folders in Windows 98
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57A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Sharing Files and Folders with the Workgroup (continued)
4. To allow others to make changes, enter a folder under Full Access Password
For read-only access, enter a different password, click OK to exit
5. For added security with Windows 2000/XP, set up a user account and password for each user who will access shared resources
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58A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Network Drive Maps
Make one PC appear to have a new hard drive when space is actually on another host computer
Make files and folders on a host computer available even to network-unaware applications
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59A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Mapping a Network Drive in Windows 98
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60A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Accessing a Mapped Drive
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61A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Troubleshooting a Network Connection Diagnostic tools useful in troubleshooting
TCP/IP problems
Ping utility tests network connectivity
Diagnostic tools to test TCP/IP configuration
Ipconfig /all (Windows NT/2000/XP)
Winipcfg (Windows 9x)
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62A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Troubleshooting a Network Connection (continued)
Release and renew dynamic IP address
Ping the loopback address
Ping the default gateway
Ping a remote host
If Ping works with an IP address but not with a domain name, then DNS is the problem
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63A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition
Summary Different types of physical network
architectures
Networking with Windows
Configuring a network card and a network protocol using Windows
Sharing resources on a network
Troubleshooting tools and tips for network connections