a history of the m72 law and current improvement programs
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A History of the M72 LAW and Current Improvement Programs. Nicholas Duke 39 th Annual Gun & Ammunition/Missiles and Rockets Conference April 13-16, 2004. Thoughts on M72. Why is M72 so widely deployed? How has M72 maintained relevance for 40 years? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
A History of the M72 LAWand
Current Improvement Programs
Nicholas Duke
39th Annual Gun & Ammunition/Missiles and Rockets Conference
April 13-16, 2004
Thoughts on M72
• Why is M72 so widely deployed?
• How has M72 maintained relevance for 40 years?
• Who can learn from the M72 technology strategy?
• What is the future vision for M72?1
What is the LAW?
• Firepower for the individual warfighter– Light close-combat lethality for mobile Soldiers– Disposable rugged round of ammunition– Minimal training needed to effectively employ– Highly proliferable and low cost
• This concept has adapted to world changes– New threats have been addressed– Modern tactics have been embraced– Emerging technologies have been exploited– Light weight, compact size have been maintained
2
What is the LAW?
3
Improved M72A4, A5, A6/A7(Current Production)
Next Generation M72E9-DP(Under Development in Norway)
Next Generation M72E10-AP(Under Development in US)
Who has fielded the LAW?US Army
Fielded in Afghanistan and Iraq
SOF
4
Norway
USMCMore than 20 other allied nations
Why such wide deployment?
• M72 is not specialized for a single mission– Useful in a wide variety of combat scenarios
• Enough armor penetration to defeat most threat AFVs• Enough explosive to be effective versus material targets• Enough range to provide effective standoff
– Mobile enough to carry for contingencies• Carry weight and length don’t preclude other equipment• Multiple rounds can be carried by a single gunner• Ease of use allows for quick reaction
• M72 program is multi-national• Partnership between US and Norway• Talley, NAMMO, & NI cooperate to consider many
potential user viewpoints5
Mobility is Critical
• Carry weight is the major determinant– Soldiers are overloaded– Specialized equipment exists for every task– A multi-function contingency weapon must be light
6
M72/A2 6 lb 26 in
M72A3/A7 8 lb 30.5 in
M72E8 9.5 lb 30.5 in
M72E9/E10 8/9 lb 30.5 in
AT4 15 lb 39.3 in
AT4CS 17 lb 41 in
SMAW-D 16 lb 32 in
Bunkerfaust 28 lb 48 in
RGW60 13 lb 34.6 in
How has it stayed relevant?
• M72 has a responsive technology strategy– Internal user demands (concerns, tactics changes)
• Generate M72 specific technology development
– External technology maturation (advancements)• Generates opportunities for M72 specific improvements
– Internal acquisition reforms (requirements)• Require integration of non M72 specific technologies
– Changes in external combat environment (threats)• Suggest integration of unforeseen capabilities and
adaptation to new missions
7
Internal Environment
Suggest
External Environment
Integrative MechanicsG
ener
ativ
e M
echa
nics
M72 Weapon System
Internal Environment
Technology Determinants
Survivability Concerns
Modern Tactics
Advanced Warheads
Composite Materials
Emerging Threats
Asymmetric Warfare
Insensitive Munitions
Night Vision Devices
Fuze Safety
8
Evolutionary Overview
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
150mm RHA IM
350mm RHA
300mm RHA
150mm RHA
The Improved LAW: Longer range and easier to operate
M72A4
M72A5
M72A6
M72A7
9
The Next-Generation LAW: More lethal and survivable
150mm RHA IM
450mm RHA IM
Anti-Personnel IMUS unfunded requirement
M72E8
M72E9
M72E10
Norway funded program
US funded program
The Original LAW: Light, rugged, cost-effective
Reliability Upgrades
Reliability Upgrades
M72A1
M72
M72A2
M72A3 Safety Upgrades US/Norwegian Consortium
Technology Evolutions
• M72 to M72A1 & A2– Reliability upgrades developed to address User needs,
improve manufacturing processes
• M72A2 to M72A3– Safety upgrades integrated to respond to acquisition
changes, production shift to Norway
• M72A3 to M72A4, A5, A6– Gunner interfaces, lethality, and range upgraded for
changing User needs– A6 warhead integrated for new SOF mission
• M72A6 to A7– IM sensitivity upgrades integrated to address regulatory
changes and increase safety 10
Who can learn from M72?
• Many DoD programs can learn something– Modern pace of technology and threat changes,
coupled with tight budgets, demand it
• Lessons learned are:– Evolutionary path ensures program longevity
• Flexibility critical to meet needs, even change missions
– Map and track the programs technology drivers• Identify emerging needs & develop matching technology• Anticipate emerging threats and integrate counters
– International partnerships foster improvement• Alternative viewpoints considered• Larger User base ensures unbroken series of steps 11
Future Vision For the M72
– Fire From Enclosure (FFE) propulsion (M72E8)• Technology generated so M72 can rule MOUT combat
– Deep Penetrator (DP) warhead (M72E9)• Technology integrated to improve M72 vs threat armor
– Anti-Personnel (AP) warhead (M72E10)• Technology generated to evolve M72 to a new mission
– On-axis trigger firing mechanism (All)• Technology generated in response to User request
– Dual-safe fuze (All)• Technology integrated to improve safety for soldiers
and in storage and transportation12
• Adds Fire From Enclosure (FFE) propulsion– Low noise, low signature, greater range
– Maintains A7 multipurpose target lethality
– Improves launcher human factors
– Incorporates dual-safe fuze
– Mitigates IM sensitivities
Interior wall after 3 firings at 5 meters and 1 firing at 3 meters
M72E8-FFE
13
M72E8-FFE Firing
M72E9-DP
• Adds Deep Penetrator (DP) warhead– >450mm RHA with enhanced behind armor effects– Incorporates dual-safe fuze– Improves launcher human factors
On-Axis Trigger Fold Forward Sights
NVD/Reflex Integral Sight Rails
Out-of-line Primer
14
M72E10-AP
• Adds Anti-Personnel (AP) warhead– Blast/fragmentation warhead– Incorporates dual-mode target discriminating fuze– Improves launcher human factors– Maintains weight < 9.5 lb with rocket motor
• Anti-Personnel warhead– Detonates on contact with armor and concrete
• Large breachs and significant spall
– Penetrates brick, block, and earth & timber• Devastating lethality behind cover
15
M72E10 vs Brick Structure
16
Summary
• Benefits of an effective technology strategy– Increased versatility to the warfighter
– Reduced cost and schedule for PIPs
– Increased program longevity
– Builds on existing training infrastructure
• M72 LAW program provides example– System adapts to new threats and requirements
– Improvements underway for all subsystems
– Modular design and multiple Users keep cost low
– Fielding times < 3 years
– 40+ year program life to date17