A History of World Societies Ninth Edition

CHAPTER 16The Acceleration of Global Contact,

1450–1600

Copyright © 2011 by Bedford/St. Martin’s

John P. McKay ● Bennett D. Hill ● John BucklerPatricia Buckley Ebrey ● Roger B. Beck

Clare Haru Crowston ● Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks

I. The Afroeurasian Trade WorldBefore Columbus

A. The Trade World of the Indian Ocean1. South China Sea2. Admiral Zheng He3. India

B. Peoples and Cultures of the Indian Ocean1. Austronesian families2. Bride wealth

I. The Afroeurasian Trade WorldBefore Columbus

C. Trade with Africa and the Middle East1. African cargo2. Middle Eastern rivals

D. Genoese and Venetian Middlemen1. Italian influence2. Shifting slave markets

II. The European Voyages of Discovery

A. Causes of European Expansion1. Luxury goods2. Religious fervor3. Inquisitive minds4. Royal competition5. Employment opportunities

II. The European Voyages of Discovery

B. Technology and the Rise of Exploration1. Ptolemy’s Geography2. Magnetic compass3. Astrolabe

C. The Expanding Portuguese Empire1. Portuguese goals2. Prince Henry the Navigator3. The African coast4. Indian Ocean ports

II. The European Voyages of Discovery

D. Christopher Columbus’s Voyages to the Americas1. Financing2. The islands3. Spanish colonization

II. The European Voyages of Discovery

E. Later Explorers1. Magellan2. Cabot3. Cartier

II. The European Voyages of Discovery

F. Spanish Conquest in the New World1. The Mexica Empire2. Montezuma3. The Inca Empire4. Francisco Pizarro5. Cuzco

III. The Impact of Conquest

A. Colonial Administration1. Viceroyalties2. New World court system

B. The Impact of European Settlement on the Lives of Indigenous Peoples1. Encomienda system2. Disease

III. The Impact of Conquest

C. The Columbian Exchange1. Corn2. Potatoes

D. Sugar and Early Transatlantic Slavery1. Sugar cane2. Plantation system3. Exploitation of labor

III. The Impact of Conquest

E. The Birth of the Global Economy1. Global sea routes2. Commodities3. Rise and fall of economic empires

IV. Changing Values and Beliefs

A. New Ideas About Race1. Physical justifications2. Biblical justifications

B. Michel de Montaigne and Cultural Curiosity1. Skepticism2. The essay

IV. Changing Values and Beliefs

C. William Shakespeare and His Influence1. Othello 2. The Tempest

D. Religious Conversion in the New World1. Missionaries2. Virgin of Guadalupe