EARTHQUAKE SUMMARY MAPU.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORU.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

A R G E N T I N A

C H I L E

PE

RU

_C

HI

LE

TR

EN

CH

La Rioja

La Serena

San Juan

Mendoza

Valparaiso

Talca

Concepcion

Temuco Neuquen

Coquimbo

A

A'

Santiago

1914

1918

1928

1939

1953

19601962

1971

1975

1977

1906

1922

1943

1960

1960

1985

SanFernando

68°

68°

70°

70°

72°

72°

74°

74°

76°

76°

78°

28°

30°

30°

32°

32°

34°

34°

36°

36°

38°

38°

P E R U - CH

I L E TREN

CH

NAZCAPLATE

ALTIPLANOPLATE

SCOTIA SEA PLATE

SOUTHAMERICA

PLATE

AN

DE

S

AN

DE

S

L. Ti t ica c a

Para

na

V a l d i v i a F r a c t u r e Z o n e

U R U G U A Y

P A R A G U A Y

B O L I V I A

ARG E

N TI N

A

CH

IL

E

A r g e n t i n e B a s i n

F a l k l a n d P l a t e a u

Fa lk l a n d Es ca r pm e n t

S o u t h G e o r g i a R i d g e

Nazc

a R i

dge

Ch

i l e R i s e

Pe

r u B

as

i n

Ch

i le

Ba s

i n

S o u t h e a s tP a c i f i c

B a s i n

M o r n i n g t o n( H u m b o l d t )

P l a i n

R o g g e v e e n B a s i n

Y a g h a nB a s i n

A r g e n t i n e R i s e

1922

1960

2001

50°

50°

60°

60°

70°

70°

80°

80°

90°100°

20°

20°

30°

30°

40°

40°

50°

50°

M8.8 Maule, Chile, Earthquake of 27 February 2010

0 200 400100Kilometers

La Plata

Arequipa La Paz Goiania

CampoGrande

Asuncion Curitiba

PortoAlegre

Cordoba

RosarioSantiago

Montevideo

BuenosAires

CochabambaSanta Cruzde LaSierra

OruroTacnaSucre

PotosiIquique

Tarija Pedro JuanCaballero

Antofagasta San SalvadorDe JujuySalta

PuertoPresidenteStroessner

FormosaSan MiguelDe Tucuman

Copiapo EncarnacionPosadas

ResistenciaCorrientes FlorianopolisSantiago

Del EsteroCatamarcaLa Rioja

La SerenaRivera

SaltoSan Juan Santa FeParana Paysandu

MendozaValparaiso San Luis

Talca

ConcepcionBahiaBlancaTemuco Neuquen

PuertoMontt

ComodoroRivadavia

PuntaArenas

Coquimbo

50°

50°

60°

60°

70°

70°

80°

80°

90°

20°

20°

30°

30°

40°

40°

50°

50°

DATA SOURCESEARTHQUAKES AND SEISMIC HAZARD USGS, National Earthquake Information Center NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center IASPEI, Centennial Catalog (1900 - 1999) and extensions (Engdahl and Villaseñor, 2002) HDF (unpublished earthquake catalog) (Engdahl, 2003) Global Seismic Hazard Assessment ProgramPLATE TECTONICS AND FAULT MODEL PB2002 (Bird, 2003)BASE MAP NIMA and ESRI, Digital Chart of the World USGS, EROS Data Center NOAA GEBCO and GLOBE Elevation Models

0 200 400 600Km

Scale

Prepared in cooperation

with the Global Seismographic

Network

Tectonic Setting

Seismic Hazard

Epicentral Region

This earthquake occurred at the boundary between theNazca and South American tectonic plates. The twoplates are converging at a rate of 80 mm per year. Theearthquake occurred as thrust-faulting on the interfacebetween the two plates, with the Nazca plate movingdown and landward below the South American plate.Coastal Chile has a history of very large earthquakes.Since 1973, there have been 13 events of magnitude 7.0or greater. The February 27 shock originated about 230km north of the source region of the magnitude 9.5earthquake of May, 1960 – the largest instrumentallyrecorded earthquake in the world. This magnitude 9.5earthquake killed 1655 people in southern Chile andunleashed a tsunami that crossed the Pacific, killing 61people in Hawaii, Japan, and the Philippines.

Approximately 870 km to the north of the February 27earthquake is the source region of the magnitude 8.5earthquake of November, 1922. This great quakesignificantly impacted central Chile, killing severalhundred people and causing severe property damage.The 1922 quake generated a 9-meter local tsunami thatinundated the Chile coast near the town of Coquimbo;the tsunami also crossed the Pacific, washing awayboats in Hilo harbor, Hawaii. The magnitude 8.8earthquake of February 27, 2010 ruptured the portion ofthe South American subduction zone separating thesetwo massive historical earthquakes.A large vigorous aftershock sequence can be expectedfrom this earthquake.

EXPLANATIONGreat Rupture

YearArea

Mag ≥ 7.00 - 69 km70 - 299300 - 600

Plate BoundariesSubductionTransformDivergentOthersActive Volcanoes

RELATIVE PLATE MOTIONSIn the region of this earthquake,earthquakes define the boundarybetween the South American andNazca Plates, which are convergingat about 80 mm/yr. 0 500 1,000

KmScale

REFERENCESBird, P., 2003, An updated digital model of plate boundaries: Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., v. 4, no. 3, pp. 1027- 80.Engdahl, E.R. and Villaseñor, A., 2002, Global Seismicity: 1900 - 1999, chap. 41 of Lee, W.H.K., and others,eds., International Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, Part A: New York, N.Y., Elsevier Academeic Press, 932 p.Engdahl, E.R., Van der Hilst, R.D., and Buland, R.P., 1998, Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved trav- el times and procedures for depth determination: Bull. Seism. Soc. Amer., v. 88, p. 722-743.

1:4,000,000Scale

Significant Earthquakes Mag >= 7.5

Year Mon Day Time Lat Long Dep Mag1906 08 17 0040 -33.000 -72.000 0 8.21914 01 30 0336 -35.000 -73.000 0 7.51928 12 01 0406 -35.086 -71.683 35 7.71939 01 25 0332 -36.200 -72.200 0 7.71943 04 06 1607 -30.750 -72.000 0 8.21953 05 06 1716 -37.254 -72.920 68.4 7.51960 05 21 1002 -37.872 -73.243 35 8.21960 05 22 1856 -38.147 -72.984 35 7.91960 05 22 1911 -38.235 -73.047 35 9.51962 02 14 0636 -38.091 -73.050 32.9 7.51971 07 09 0303 -32.558 -71.085 59 7.81975 05 10 1427 -38.215 -72.999 28 7.71977 11 23 0926 -31.083 -67.778 18.3 7.51985 03 03 2247 -33.132 -71.708 40 8.0

EPICENTRAL REGION

1:20,000,000

1:20,000,000

EPICENTRALREGION

Depth ProfileA A'

Depth

(km)

Distance (km)

Note on earthquakes: From 1900 - 1963, earthquakesshown are from Centennial Catalog, magnitudesgreater than 5.5. From 1964 - 2002, earthquakes arefrom HDF catalog, magnitudes greater than 4.5.From 2003 to present, earthquakes are from NEIC,magnitudes greater than 4.5.

A'

Offshore Maule, Chile 27 February 2010 6:34:14 UTC 35.846° S., 72.719° W.Depth 35 kmMw = 8.8 (USGS)200 miles southwest of Santiago, Chile, Intensity VIII-IX felt throughout the region. Tsunami with wave height up to 2.5 mobserved at Valpairaiso. Over 1000 people killed.

EXPLANATIONMain Shock

Aftershocks (42 hours)Earthquakes 1900 - 2009

M 4.00 - 5.99M 6.00 - 6.99M 7.00 - 7.99M >= 8.00

Earthquake Depth0 - 6970 - 299300 - 700

Great RuptureYearArea

Active Volcanoes

DISCLAIMERBase map data, such as place names and politicalboundaries, are the best available but may not becurrent or may contain inaccuracies and thereforeshould not be regarded as having official significance.Map prepared by U.S. Geological SurveyNational Earthquake Information Center1 March 2010Map not approved for release by Director USGS

-200

-200

-100

-100

0

0

100

100

200

200

300

300

400

400

-200 -200

-100 -100

0 0

TECTONIC SUMMARY

Peak GroundAcceleration m/sec**2

.2

.4

.81.62.43.24.04.89.8

-200

-200

-100

-100

0

0

100

100

200

200

300

300

400

400

-200 -200

-100 -100

0 0

-200

-200

-100

-100

0

0

100

100

200

200

300

300

400

400

-200 -200

-100 -100

0 0