a new kind of revolution ch 21 sec 1 pages 633-639
TRANSCRIPT
A New Kind of RevolutionCh 21 Sec 1 Pages 633-639
A couple of things to AnswerWhat were the causes of the
Industrial Revolution?
and How did the Industrial Revolution
impact the world?
A couple of things to AnswerExplain how the Industrial Revolution
caused economic, cultural, and political changes around the world.
ORSummarize the origin and spread of the
Industrial Revolution
What you will learn In the 1700s, conditions in Great Britain
led to the rapid growth of the textile industry, which in turn led to huge changes in many other industries.
Revolution in Great Britain1700s = change in technologyenergy source changed from human &
animal power to machinery Industrial Revolution occurred when use
of power-driven machinery was developed
this started in Great Britain
Crash CourseCoal, Steam, and The Industrial Revolut
ion: Crash Course World History #32 - YouTube#at=49
Factors for Successin Great Britain
exploration and colonialism vast amounts of raw material and new markets
of consumerspower of the sea
can bring raw materials to GB and send finished product out
political stability when at peace in the homeland, general daily
living thrives, including commerce. no battles to fight=more money to spend
Factors for Successin Great Britain
government support Great Britain had laws that favored business this helped Great Britain compete against other
nationsgrowth of private investment
new businesses need investors to get the start up money to begin
today = “research and development”
Agricultural Factors- R & D 1701 Jethro Tull invented seed drill landowners bought up small farms and
consolidated them in the enclosure movement
better breeding methods for animals and varieties of food crops were developed, as well
increasing food supply meant the population could increase too
Factors of Production: LandGreat Britain had great natural
resources coal for fuel iron for steel & machinery waterways (rivers & canals) to generate
power and transport raw materials and goods
Factors of Production: LaborGreat Britain’s population grew because
of greater food supplyenclosure movement took land away
from small farmers resulted in surplus of available workers
Factors of Production: Capitalcapital is the money or property a business
needs to stay in businessWealthy business people invested capital
to make a profit and not share with workerscapital can be money, machines, or people
people who specialized in one area had abilities and skills to their advantages
Human Capital
A Revolution in Textilesa cottage industry is an occupation in
which you make a craft and it is done in your home
making cloth had been a cottage industry
cloth was made mostly with wool
A New Way of Making Clothcloth was now made from wool and
cotton more sheep could be raised due to the
enclosure movement cotton came to Great Britain from the
coloniesnew inventions helped the process of
cloth making
Cotton Gin invented by Eli Whitney removed seeds from raw cotton
Spinning Jenny -1764 invented by James Hargreavesspun multiple threads at one time
threads were still thick and broke easily
Spinning Frame invented by Richard Arkwrightsimilar to the spinning jenny
spun stronger, thinner threads
“Flying Shuttle” - 1733 invented by John Kaypushed thread back and forth on loom
automatically had been done by the weaver pushing the
shuttle back and forth allowed for looms to be wider than arm’s
width the flying shuttle doubled the speed at
which a worker could do the job many workers lost their jobs and Kay fled
to France to die in poverty
Power Loom invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785automated the weaving process
Cloth Making Outside the Homenew inventions to speed up the cloth
making process were big machinesmachines needed a special place to
house themcloth now made
in FACTORIESFactories were placed next to
river for water power
Example of an water powered mill.
Water turned the wheel which provide the power to drive the new machines.
Steam Powers the Revolutionsteam is created when water is heated
to the point of vaporizingwater vapors expand when hotsteam engines were invented in 1712
by Thomas Newcomen
Newcomen Steam Engine
Development of the Steam Engine
James Watt innovated Newcomen’s steam engine to be more efficient Watt’s engine was better suited for factories
1802 Richard Trevithick put a steam engine in first locomotive
1807 Robert Fulton developed the first steamship
The Impact of the RailroadThe Impact of the Railroad
Development of the Steam EngineWHAT IS AN ADVANTAGE OF
STEAM POWER OVER WATER POWER FOR USE IN FACTORIES? a factory doesn’t have to be near a
waterway, meaning factories could also be nearer cities and/or ports where finished product had to end up
steam-powered trains made it possible to ship finished goods faster
steamships replaced sailing ships on the open sea and horse-drawn barges in canals
Coal for British Steam EnginesLumber was scarce due to deforestation for
farming coal mining industry in northern and western
England grew by 1800, Great Britain produced 80% of
Europe’s coal mining was dangerous
explosions coal dust collapsing shafts hard labor
Young Coal MinersYoung Coal Miners
Child Labor in the Mines
Child Labor in the Mines
Child Child “hurriers”“hurriers”
What’s HappeningWhat are the three factors of production
that we discussed? What is an example of each of these
factors that Great Britain had? How did the early inventions help the
textile industry change from a cottage industry to an industry performed in factories?
Industrialization Spreads
Industry and the WestIndividual freedom becomes significant
force in societyPeople with freedoms compete with one
another for wealth and fameCompetition is deemed good for allWesterners race to find new lands for new
markets and to exploit for Raw materials
Industry comes to AmericaBritain outlawed export of certain
machines and forbade skill craftsman from leaving country
WHY?
Great Britain had a huge head start in revolution
Industry comes to AmericaSamuel Slater
Skilled young millworker, escapes GB disguised as a farmer and heads to America
He had memorized the working of the water frame and reproduced it in America
Built 1st mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island Father of American Industry
Industry comes to America Frances Cabot LowellFirst all in one mill
40 multi story brick buildings Used water fall to run machinery 6 miles of canals Hired 10,000 single girls from near by
farms to run Provided good wages and clean housing
Lowell System
Lowell Girls
Industry spreads to EuropeWilliam Cockerill brought industry to
Central EuropeAfter Napoleon’s defeat in 1815, French
government would financial support industry 1848 French would be an industrial power
houseGermany had no central government to
support Industry Many small German states built railroads 1850 treaties that barred German states
from trading were dropped
Industry in AsiaJapan joined revolution very late1868 Meiji Government modernized
Japan’s economy A few decades later Japan would be
one of the world’s industrial leaders
GROG 21.1 -5 pointsUsing your notes, fill in the interactive graphic organizer by showing how various factors helped start the Industrial Revolution.
Factories and Workers
Chapter 21 Sec 2
Pages 640-645
Bell Ringer 21.2 Imagine that you are a highly skilled
millworker living in Great Britain in about 1800. Write an outline for the main points you would make to government officials to persuade them that you should be allowed to go to the United States to start a textile business.
Production before FactoriesCottage factories
Wool delivered right to cottage Product went from raw material to Finished
product under 1 roof Benefits
Controlled own schedule Could work or rest depending on family needs
Controlled quality Need more $$ then work faster Work slower and produce better quality
Production before Factories
Cottage IndustryProblems
Fire or flood could cause a financial hardshipAll skill took a long time to masterA lot of physical strength need to run
machinesAdults onlyParents fell ill or died= financial hardship for
family
Working in a factoryMass production- Manufacturing large
number of identical parts Cheaper products More money in peoples pockets More goods available to the people
Assemble line- Product moves from person to person, who each performs one step. Very easy to learn and perform
To easy for men, would been seen as women/ children's work
Boys and girls would work at age of 6
Wages Many families fleeing countryside would work in factories (enclosure movement)
A large number of people willing to work, means low wages
Children and women were paid less than men
long hours (12-16 hours) / six days a week
no safety precautions - no compensation for injury
unhealthy environment
Noise, lack of ventilation, poor sanitation
Impact of Industrialization
Changed patterns of life
urbanization-movement of people from rural areas to cities
Industry moved from home to citycity populations expand dramatically
Factory townsTowns first popped up along water
sourcesWith the invention of steam power
factories popped up near coal mines Thick soot cover these towns Turning day into night
Industrial Staffordshirearea in NW England known as black county due to
high pollution of coal dust
Problems of Growing Cities
Living Conditions
poorly built tenements
- large families crowded into single room apartments
- poor water supplies inadequate sanitation
- disease and crime
were constant problems
Cottage workers unrestFactories are the new way, but Cottage
Industry is still alive- barelyCottage Industries could not produce or
sell as cheaply as factoriesFacing financial ruins they would turn to
violence
British Government and BusinessBritish Government did not see it as
their job to regulate business If they help the people to much they
would get lazy and not work as hard
Luddites Cottage workers who
opposed factories putting cottages out of work
Burned and smashed factory machines
Did not hurt people Those who were caught
were hung by owners Luddite movement
ended quickly
Workers Organize
First unions were trade unions were workers who had skills and would be difficult to replace.
They would organize strikes to force improvement of working conditions
Early attempts by workers to organize and unionize met with resistance
- British government outlawed labor unions
Demands for Change
Governments begin to investigate working conditions.
British Parliament enacts laws limiting child labor and limiting hours in a work day .
Upstairs/Downstairs Social/Economics
A New Class of WorkersWealthy business people to investMid-level (Middle Class) employees to
run factory and supervise This would be a fast growing group
Low-level employees to run machines
GROG 21.2 – 5 points fill in the interactive graphic organizer by analyzing the effects of the factory system to answer the question, "Who do you think benefited the most and least from the changes?".
Chapter 21 Sec 3
New Ideas in a Society
Page 646-651
IV. New Currents of Thought
A. Economics
1. Laissez-Faire Economics laissez faire – economic
theory opposed any attempt by the government to interfere with the natural laws governing economics.
-
b. Adam Smith - Scottish economist who wrote “The Wealth of Nations"
-urged government to let free enterprise operate on its own.
- believed everyone would benefit
Thomas Malthus- “Essay on the Principles of Population"
- social problem of poverty
was due to population growth. - any government attempt to correct problems would only making conditions for the poor worse
David Ricardo - Iron Law of Wages
- stated wages and prices go
through cycles
Socialism - a system in which the workers or government owned and controlled the means of production.
*means of production -
i.) the means of production would be operated for the benefit of all people
Communism (Scientific Socialism) Karl Marx &
Friedrich Engels publish “The Communist Manifesto"
- Claimed theories were based on a scientific study
of history.
- Believed economics shaped both social and political structures
History reveals a continuous struggle between two classes:
- the "haves" (bourgeoisie " middle class")
- They control the means of production
- Through power and wealth shape social and political structures.
The have nots - the proletariat or working class
They lack the wealth of the haves They produce the wealth through their labor.
- Marx's predictions:
1. conditions of the workers will continue to decline
2. proletariat will revolt and take control of the means of production
3. proletariat will destroy the ruling class and setup classless society
4. wealth and power would be shared equally by all.
- Failing of Marx's theories
1. assumed the condition of the workers would continue to get worse over time.
2. the conditions of the workers actually
improved in many ways and workers were unwilling to overthrow the system.
Scientific Theories
- Charles Darwin published “On the Origin of Species"
- presented a theory of evolution based on natural selection