APilotStudy:DevelopingMalaySpeechAudiometryMaterialsfor

ClinicalUseinSingaporeNadiahAbdulKhalil(A0147713E)

Supervisor:Dr.JennyLoo

Introduction◦ SpeechAudiometry:Clinicaltoolthatusesspeechstimulitoassessanindividual’shearingabilities(Boothroyd,1968).◦ ShouldbedevelopedinlanguagesotherthanEnglish(Carhart,1952).◦ Usingspeechmaterialsinalanguageunfamiliartotheindividualwillresultinnegativeclinicalimplications(Marinova-Todd,SiuandJenstad,2011).

MalaySpeechAudiometry◦ TwodevelopmentsofspeechaudiometrymaterialsinMalaysianMalay◦ Yiap KimHong,1984◦Mukari &Said,1991◦ UncertainifwordsareasappropriateorfamiliarfortheSingaporeMalaycommunity◦ UncertainifthepronunciationofthewordsaresimilartothatofSingaporeMalay

◦MalaySpeechAudiometryMaterialsbyTemasek Polytechnic&CGH◦ TACWordList◦ Unpublishedpilotstudy◦ Familiarbutpoorqualityofwordrecordings

AimofCurrentStudy

◦ToestablishMalayspeechaudiometrymaterialsforclinicaluseinSingapore.

Hypothesis:MalayspeechaudiometrymaterialscanbeusedindeterminingnormativedatafortheMalay

populationinSingapore.

Procedure

Phase1Validationof

WordFamiliarity

Phase2RecordingandEditingofSingapore

MalaySpeechMaterials

Phase3AdministrationofSingaporeMalaySpeechMaterials

Phase4Test-RetestReliability

Phase1:ValidationofWordFamiliarity◦ ComparethefamiliarityoftheMukari &Said(1991)andTACwordlists

◦ Bothwordlistscontainedbisyllabicwords

◦ 20randomMalay-speakingSingaporeanadultsaged23-75yearsold

◦ TACwordlistmorefamiliar◦ 7/100wordshaddifferentphonemicstructure

C-V-C-V-C

PasarLapan

Cinta

Minta

WarnaKurma

Tukar

C-V-C-VCikuRomaMajuGuniGusiDaguJamu

Phase2:RecordingandEditing◦ NewSingaporeMalaywordlist◦ Recorded100MalaywordsatYST◦ SingaporeanMale◦ NativefluencyinMalay◦ Rawrecordingsedited◦ 10CDtracks/listsof10words◦ 2secs intervalbetweeneachword◦ 1kHzcalibrationtone

Phase3:AdministeringMalaySpeechAudiometry

◦ 41Participants◦ Basichearingassessment◦ Determine:◦ PureToneAverage(PTA:500,1k,2kHz)◦ SpeechReceptionThreshold(SRT)◦ WordRecognitionScore(WRS)

◦ WRSatonesuprathreshold level:PTA+50dBHLforall10lists

Phase4:DeterminingTest-RetestReliability

◦ RepeatWRStesting◦ Identifyhigh-errorratewords

WordScoring

PhonemicScoring

Results

◦PTA-SRTDifference◦AveragedifferencebetweenPTAandSRT=5.96dB◦6dBdifferenceindicatesagoodagreementbetweenPTAandSRT(Brandy,2002)

Results◦ HighError-RateWords◦ Higherrorrate:Inaccuratelyidentifiedby20%oftheparticipantsinbothtestandretest◦ Noneofthe100wordsyieldedahigherror-rate.

Word FrequencyofErrorN,(%)

List ErroneousResponse

Rayu 1,(2.4) 1 “Layu”

Suka 1,(2.4) 1 “Suke”

Tali 4,(9.8) 5 “Kali”(4)

Goda 3,(7.3) 5 “Kuda”,”Koda”(2)

Gaya 1,(2.4) 6 “Daya”

Desa 1,(2.4) 7 “Desal”

Word FrequencyofErrorN,(%)

List ErroneousResponse

Jamu 1,(2.4) 8 “Jangu”

Roma 2,(4.9) 8 “Rumah”

Bila 2,(4.9) 9 “Bile”

Ciku8,(19.5) 10 “Tiku”(3),

“Tigu”,“Kiku”(3),“Piku”

Dahi 1,(2.4) 10 “Dalhi”

Ilmu 1,(2.4) 10 “Demu”

Word FrequencyofErrorN,(%)

List ErroneousResponse

Jamu 1,(2.4) 8 “Jangu”

Roma 2,(4.9) 8 “Rumah”

Bila 2,(4.9) 9 “Bile”

Ciku8,(19.5) 10 “Tiku”(3),

“Tigu”,“Kiku”(3),“Piku”

Dahi 1,(2.4) 10 “Dalhi”

Ilmu 1,(2.4) 10 “Demu”

Results

◦Test-RetestReliability◦Medium-LargecorrelationstrengthbetweentestandretestWRSusingbothmethodofwordscoringandphonemicscoring◦ Correlationcoefficientsunattainableforlists2,3and4◦ All41subjectsscored100%oneitherorbothtestandretest

Results

◦WordScoringvs.PhonemicScoring◦ Phonemicscoringprovidesamoresensitivemeasureofthespeechrecognitioncurve(Markides,1978)◦ Bisyllabicwords: Greaternumberofphonemes–>Greaterlikelihoodofidentificationerror◦ Significantdifferencewhenphonemicscoringwasusedonlists5,8and10◦ Listscontainunfamiliarwordsandwordswithhighererrorrate◦ Phonemicscoringshouldbeusedfortheselists

◦ Nosignificantdifferenceinmethodofscoringonotherlists

Discussion◦ Outcome:ThedevelopedSingaporeMalaywordlistsdeemedappropriateforuseonnormal-hearingsample.◦ UseofMalaysianorTACmaterialsinappropriate◦ Nohigherror-ratewords◦ Inaccuraterepetitions◦ Pronunciationofstimuliinacolloquial/informalmanner◦ Lackoffamiliarity◦ 12subjectsreportedunfamiliarwithatleast1word

◦ Qualityofrecording◦ Misunderstandingofinstructions◦ Fatigue

Formal“Suka”“Bila”

Informal“Suke”“Bile”

Limitations

1. Malaylanguageproficiencyscreening◦ PrimarylanguageofMalay

2. SRTdetermination◦ GoldStandard◦ Phonemicscoring

3. Durationofintervalbetweentestandretest◦ Onemonthsuggestedduration

FutureStudies

◦Wordlistsshouldbetestedonsubjectswithvaryingdegreesofhearingloss.◦Performance-intensitycurvesshouldbedevelopedusingbothnormalhearingandhearing-impairedsubjects.◦Establishlarge-scalenormativedatafortheMalaypopulationinSingapore.

ReferencesBoothroyd, A.(1968).Developments inspeechaudiometry. InternationalAudiology,7(3),368-368.

doi:10.3109/05384916809074343Brandy,W.T.(2002).Speechaudiometry. InJ.Katz(Ed.),Handbookofclinicalaudiology,5,596-110.

Baltimore:LippincottWilliams&Wilkins.Carhart,R.(1952).Speechaudiometry inclinicalevaluation.Acta Otolaryngol,41(1-2),18-48.Marinova-Todd, S.H,*Siu,C.,&Jenstad,L.(2011)Speechaudiometryonnon-nativespeakersof

English. Canadian JournalofSpeech-LanguagePathologyandAudiology,35(3),220-227.Markides,A.(1978)Whole-wordscoringversusphonemicscoring inspeechaudiometry.BritishJournalof

Audiology,12(2),40-46.Mukari,S.Z.&Said,H.(1991).ThedevelopmentofMalayspeechaudiometry.MedJMalaysia,46(3),262-

268.Yiap,K.H.(1984).DisyllabicMalaywordlistsforspeechaudiometry.MedJMalaysia,39(3),197-204.

Acknowledgements◦ Dr.JennyLoo◦ ProfWilliamMartin◦ Dr.JenniferMartin◦ EdmundChoo◦ SebastianSer◦ ZhouXiaodong◦ ConradChung◦ LimShermin◦ Participants◦ ClassofMScAudiology2017

Terima Kasih!