• Basic Principles of Sound

• The Audiometer

• Test Environment

• Patient’s Role

• Clinician’s Role

• Air Conduction Audiometry

• Bone Conduction Audiometry

• Audiogram Interpretation

• Masking

Pure Tone Audiometry

• Sound Waves and Propagation of Sound

• Frequency (Hz)

• Resonance

• Intensity (The Decibel or dB)

Basics of Sound

• Generic Audiometer

Audiometer

• Clinical and Portable Audiometer

Audiometer

• Earphones

Audiometer

• Insert Earphone

Audiometer

• Bone Conduction Vibrator

Audiometer

• Computerized Audiometer

Audiometer

• Sound Treated Booth

Test Environment

• Circumaural Enclosures

Test Environment

• Quiet Room

Test Environment

• Hand Raising

• Signal Button

• Verbal Response

• False Positives and False Negatives

Patient’s Role

• Instructions

• Patient’s Position

• Placement of Earphones

• Test Procedures for Screening

• Test Procedures for Pure Tone Thresholds

Clinician’s Role

• Instructions• What are they listening for

• How to respond

• Verify they understand instructions

Clinician’s Role

• Position of Client - Adults and Children

• Earphone Placement

Clinician’s Role

• Screening Test Procedures (adults)• Instructions

• Test Frequencies

• Disposition of Failures

Clinician’s Role

• Pure Tone Threshold Procedures• Self-test

• Place earphones on patient

• Test better ear first

• Order of test frequencies

• Test other ear

• Use ASHA protocol for threshold testing.

Clinician’s Role

• Pure Tone Average (PTA)• Three tone average

• Two tone average

• Other methods

Clinician’s Role

• Degree of Hearing Loss based on PTA• None

• Slight

• Mild

• Moderate

• Moderately Severe

• Severe

• Profound

Clinician’s Role

• Role of Bone Conduction• Purpose

• Mastoid Placement

• Forehead Placement

Clinician’s Role

• Basic Audiogram

Audiograms

• Symbols

Audiograms

• Type

• Degree

• Configuration

Audiograms

• Type of Loss - Conductive

Audiograms

• Type of Loss - Sensorineural

Audiograms

• Type of Loss - Mixed

Audiograms

• Configuration of Loss - Flat

Audiograms

• Configuration of Loss - Sloping (falling)

Audiograms

• Configuration of Loss - Rising

Audiograms

• Configuration of Loss - Tent

Audiograms

• Configuration of Loss - Mid-frequency or Cookie-bite

Audiograms

• Cross Hearing and Interaural Attenutation

• Masking Defined

• Rules

• Types of Masking Noise

Masking

• Cross Hearing

• Interaural Attenuation• Definition

• Variables

• transducers

• frequency

• individual variability

Masking

• Definition• Introduction of noise in NTE for the purpose of

eliminating cross-hearing.

Masking

• Rule• Apply masking to NTE whenever the AC of the TE

exceeds the BC for the NT cochlea by the amount of the minimum IA values.

• Minimum IA values• Supraaural phones = 40 dB

• Insert phones = 70 dB

• Bone conduction = 0 dB

Masking

• Types of Masking Noise• White Noise

• Narrow Band Noise

Masking

Summary