a prevention-centered homelessness assistance system: a paradigm shift?
DESCRIPTION
Dr. Dennis Culhane's presentation on homelessness at the Center for High Impact Philanthropy Donor Education Seminar.TRANSCRIPT
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A Prevention-Centered Homelessness Assistance System:
A Paradigm Shift?
Dennis Culhane,
Stephen Metraux and
Thomas Byrne
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Typology of Single Adult Homelessness(Philadelphia)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Transitional Episodic Chronic
% of Persons % Days Used
Transitionals: 1.19 stays 20.4 days
Episodics: 3.84 stays 72.8 days
Chronics: 1.53 stays 252.4 days
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Disability Rates (Single Adults in Philadelphia)
0%10%
20%30%40%50%
60%70%80%
90%
Mental Illness Physical SubstanceAbuse
Any One
Transitional Episodic Chronic
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Implications
Transitionally Homeless: Prevention and Relocation Assistance
Episodically Homeless: Low Demand Residences (Safe Havens), Harm Reduction, Transitional Housing, Residential Treatment
Chronically Homeless: Permanent Supportive Housing
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What has been done?: Chronic Homeless Initiative
Congress and Bush/Obama have increased funding $600 million since 2003; 45% increase
80,000 units createdHUD reported a 30% decline in CH from 05
to 09
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Typology of Family Homelessness(Massachusetts)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Transitional Episodic Long-stayers% of Persons % Days Used
Transitionals: 1.0 stays 105 days
Episodics: 2.0 stays 195 days
Long-Stayers: 1.0 stays 444 days
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Intensive Service Histories of Families
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Child WelfarePlacement
Inpt MH Inpt SA Any one
Transitional Episodic Long-Term
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Income Sources
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Earned Income SSI
Transitional Episodic Long-Term (n=99)
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The Average Cost of Shelter Stays by Type
(Massachusetts)
Transitional $11,550Episodic $21,450Long-term $48,440
Does not include McKinney-Vento funding or non-DTA public service contracts.
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Conclusions Policies and programs driving long stays Characteristics of “graduates” may reflect
selection effects of policies and programs Most costly service users are not differentially
service-needy Need for reform
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Volume
Cost per Case
Model Service System for Addressing Housing Emergencies
Prevention Supportive Housing
Shelter Admission
Diversion, Relocation, and Emergency Rental Assistance
Mainstream systems
Community-Based programs
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Shelter
Day CareEmployment Assistance
Housing Placement
Family Supt Services
MH/SA Services
Prevailing Model Emerging Model
Housing Stabilization
Day Care
Employment Assistance
Shelter
Family Supt Services
MH/SA Services
Turning the Continuum of Care Inside – Out?
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Target Population Prevention Objective
Most At – Risk Protocols for Institutional Discharges
Imminently Homeless Crisis Intervention and Tenancy Preservation (Shelter Diversion)
Homeless Emergency Shelter and Rapid Rehousing
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Most At-Risk
Prisoners awaiting discharge Patients Exiting Hospital or Detoxification Youth Exiting from FC Domestic Violence Victims Formerly Homeless
Protocols Needed with Standard Screening for Risk, Tenancy Preservation, and Rehousing Plans
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Imminently Homelessness(HH w/ Eviction Notice, Shelter Requestors)
For Primary Tenants – Landlord Tenant Mediation and Relocation Grant (if necessary)
For Those Leaving Family/Friends:Home visits“Options” counselingFamily mediationTransition planningFlexible emergency cash assistanceEmployment coaching
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Homeless
Crisis Intervention (same as for “imminently homeless”) for newly homeless to restore prior tenancy or provide relocation grant
At some threshold (3-4 weeks): Rehousing PlanDeeper Assessment and Services ScreenService Coordination – referral until “touch” is madeRelocationEmergency Assistance - flexible cash assistance, can
provide shallow rent supports, with six month review
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Shelter admission
Community-based Prevention (Diversion and Stabilization)
Rapid Exit:
Relocation
Up to 2-4 weeks shelter
Housing StabilizationService I
Relocation, Critical Time Intervention CM, Temp Rental Ass.
1 year shallow rental subsidy
Housing Stabilization Service II
More intensive services, 1 more year of Temp Rent Ass.
Shelter exit
Transition to mainstream systems
Long-Term Subsidy and Service Engagement
“Progressive Engagement” Approach
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The English Experience: Prevention Oriented System
Funded in 2003 New Ethos: All Cases Can Be Prevented/Rehoused 50% Decline in Homelessness from 2003-2006 Keys to Success:
Flexible resources that could be tailored to clientStrong agency collaborations with mainstream systemsTimeliness – intervening as early and quickly as
possible
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Systems Transformation From “the Continuum” to “the Network” Creating a New Field of Practice: Housing Stabilization New Service Priorities:
Tenancy SustainmentService CoordinatorsBenefits CounselorsHousing Relocation SpecialistsFamily MediationHome Visitors
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Challenges
Engaging Human Services Systems: Prevention Concept has to be embraced across systems
Local Housing Authority Participation – Need for some permanent subsidies for households with long-term needs
New Data Collection and Performance Standards Needed
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Issues for Philanthropy
Engaging and convening community stakeholders Supporting “systems change” and “culture
change” activities Mobilizing private sector participation into a
housing and jobs network: landlords, legal services, employers
“Home” programs – move-in assistance, house-starter kits, furniture banks, etc.
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Suggested web resources
National Alliance to End Homelessness web site: HPRP Resources section, includes “guides for good practice”
Funders Together to End Homelessness:
http://funderstogether.org/
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