a review of different routing protocols for ad hoc mobile wireless networks
DESCRIPTION
In this paper we review basics of wireless communication its features, characteristic, fundamental ,applications etc along with its area of research , scope of improvement and prominent attributes.TRANSCRIPT
www.ijeee-apm.com International Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering 1
IJEEE, Vol. 1, Spl. Issue 1 (March 2014) e-ISSN: 1694-2310 | p-ISSN: 1694-2426
A Review of different Routing Protocols for Ad
Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks
1Maninder singh,
2Varun Marwaha
1,2Electronics & Communication Engineering Department,
Indo Global College of Engineering, Punjab, India [email protected],
Abstract: In this paper we review basics of wireless
communication its features, characteristic, fundamental
,applications etc along with its area of research , scope of
improvement and prominent attributes. Wireless
communication is not aimed to just general communication as
in multimedia services but have found underlying use in
industrial application and is embedded with different hardware
equipment for robotic application . Current wireless
multimedia services , for example, may include 2G,3G and 4G
cellular radios, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth technologies. Another
category of which use wireless technique is in VANET i.e
vehicular Ad hoc Networks ,iMANET i.e. internet based
mobile adhoc networks MANET i.e. mobile ad hoc network.
We will also discuss about active research topic mainly
MANET in wireless such as improving and achieving high
data rates on given width of channel, improving quality of
signal by controlling and limiting losses and errors produced
as a result of scattering, interference and multipath
propagation.
Keywords: iMANET, Wi-Fi, 4G, Bluetooth, Ad hoc.
I. INTRODUCTION
Wireless communication is activity of conveying information
between two or more points or terminals without having any
physical connection between them i.e. medium is either air or
vaccum. In actual communication takes place with help of
electromagnetic waves and strength and frequency of
electromagnetic waves depends upon number of factors as on
distance between two points, environmental factors etc.Claude
chappe of france was first to design practical system for
communication purpose called semaphore system, conveyed
information through visual singnals. Then era of wired
communication came Paul Schilling pioneer of electrical
telegraph , Alexander Graham Bell inventor of first practical
telephone.
Giant leap in communication was in 1895 ,when Italian
inventor Guglielmo Marconi successful in making first radio
telegraph or wireless telegraph.in 1906 first WARC i.e. world
administrative radio conference was held in order to coordinate
different inventions in wireless technology. 1915 first wireless
voice transmission between new York and san Fransco took
place. Marconi discovered short waves in 1920 , which got
reflected back from ionosphere . Edwin H Armstrong 1933
discovered frequency modulation. In 1946, First
interconnection of mobile users to public switched telephone
network (PSTN) was established. Major reformation In
wireless technology took place in 80’s and 90’s ,with
introduction of Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) in
1983 deployed in US using duplex channels.
Followed by introduction of packet switched services i.e. SMS
and GPRS in early 90’s along with SPREAD SPECTRUM
techniques like CDMA. Overview in this portion we are going
to take general idea of different prominent wireless techniques.
2G
2g signify second generation wireless technology. 2g working
parameters are defined by European Telecommunications
Standards Institute (ETSI) i.e. protocol , frequency range etc.
it was followed by 2.5g which in addition contained packet
switching technology.
3G
3g signify third generation wireless technology. 3g provide
higher data rates as compare to 2g.It working technology is
spread spectrum mainly CDMA. Current 3G systems have
been established through ITU’s project on International
MobileTelecommunications 2000 (IMT-2000).
4G
4g signify fourth generation wireless technology. 4g provide
higher data rates as compare to 3g.It is new technology and
deployed only in few counties due to backward compatibility
problems.Wimax (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Access) is example of 4g technology .
International Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering 2 www.ijeee-apm.com
These technologies are much familiar to everyone as compare
to technology like MANET , InVANET.
Let us discuss these technology briefly one by one .
MANET A mobile ad hoc network is abbreviate as MANET.
In this technology a temporary wireless network is established
which configure itself to perform particularly task. Each device
in a MANET is free to move independently in any direction,
and will therefore change its links to other devices. Ex
Bluetooth .
InVANETIntelligent vehicular ad-hoc network (InVANET) is
another term for promoting vehicular networking. InVANET
technology is best example is Wi-Fi .
II. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
Among given technologies MANET is most active topic for
research work considering scope of improvement in this
technology.
Clearly a MANET is wireless technique that can be performed
without having any pre-existing infrastructure in which each
node or terminal act as router. But to coordinate or establish or
rout link between two terminals we need to follow some sort of
instructions,rules i.e. protocols. A wireless ad-hoc
environment introduces many problems such as mobility and
limited bandwidth which makes routing difficult.
Hence efficiency and accuracy of system can be determined on
basis of QoS i.e. quality of service parameters like Throughput
(It is the average rate of successful message delivery over a
communication channel), Delay ( It is a time required for
packets to reach to destination node from source node) and
Fairness (it defines channel utilization by users).
There are three types of Ad hoc Routing protocols. They are
pro-active protocols, active protocols and hierarchical
protocols. For comparison purpose we will take the few
protocols from each type. They are Dynamic Source routing
Protocol (DSR), Destination Sequenced Distance Vector
(DSDV), Ad hoc on demand Distance vector protocol
(AODV) and Ad-hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector
Routing (AOMDV).
Let us view some graph showing performance of MANET
using different protocols.
Throughput using DSR i.e. Dynamic Source routing Protocol.
Comparison between DSR and AODV
III. METHODOLOGY
We can use some simulation software which can mimic real
life scenarios for performance evaluation. For example we can
use network simulator NS-2.34 for simulation purpose.To
compare different ad-hoc routing protocol, it is best to use
identical simulation environments for their performance
evaluation.
IV. CONCLUSION
In this paper we are concentrated on MANET As MANET is
active research topic and we can study it under different
conditions and various parameters to get more accurate results.
www.ijeee-apm.com International Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering 3
Future work will include deep study and analysis of MANET
parameters.
REFERENCES
1. Shaily Mittal Prabhjot Kaur “Performance comparison of
AODV, DSR and ZRP Routing Protocols in Manets”
International Conference on Advances in Computing, Control,
and Telecommunication Technologies, 2009.
2. Wireless Network Evolution: 2G to 3G Authors:Vijay Kumar
Garg Editors:Theodore S.Rappaport.
3. Data communications and networking - by Forouzan.
4. Digital Communication by Proakis, Prentice Hall.