a rose by any other name? evaluating integrated landscape approaches in the tropics
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A rose by any other name? Evaluating integrated landscape approaches in the tropicsJames Reed, Josh van Vianen, Jos Barlow, Terry Sunderland
Global Landscapes Forum, Marrakesh, 16th November 2016
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What are landscape approaches and how effectively have they been implemented in the tropics?
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Landscape approaches are the latest in an evolution of integrated attempts to reconcile C&D.
1980s 1990s 2000s 2010 - present
1980s: Integrated Rural Development 1998: Integrated
Natural Resource Management (INRM)
1985 onwards: Integrated Conservation & Development projects (ICDPs)
Contributing Sciences:Ecosystem ManagementLandscape EcologyIsland biogeography
Conservation rooted frameworks e.g. “Ecosystem Approach”
1992: “Landscape Approach” first documented (Barrett 1992)
(Integrated) Landscape Approach frameworks
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Key findings from the “theory” literatureOptimizing adoption of landscape approaches:• evaluating progress within a landscape is fundamental to
determining where gains or losses are being made• hybrid, multi-level and cross-sectoral governance structures
that integrate internal traditional knowledge and external institutional and financial support are increasingly preferable
• must acknowledge the need for contextualisation and not subscribe to panaceas
• inclusive, participatory stakeholder negotiation can help align local socio-cultural and global environmental concerns
• should recognise dynamic processes and perverse outcomes
See: Reed et al. 2016 - Integrated landscape approaches to managing social and environmental issues in the tropics: learning from the past to guide the future
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Geographic distribution of landscape approaches
1 (5 countries represented)2 (1)
3 (2)4 (1)
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Geographic distribution (grey literature)
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Quality of the evidencePeer reviewed articles
Grey literature (web screening)
Grey literature (document screening)
Totals
Number of case studies
24 97 53 174
Number reported success
13 (54%) 46 (47%) 20 (38%) 79 (45%)
Reliable data provided
6 (46%) 8 (17%) 1 (5%) 15 (19%)
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Environmental and socio-economic impacts
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Factors influencing “success”
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Influence of governance structure
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Key findings from the literature
Current barriers to effective implementation:
• the ongoing development of theory and conceptualization may be stimulating time lags
• the proliferation of terms associated with landscape approaches may be impeding policy and practice progress
• operating silos persist at all levels and scales• engaging multiple stakeholders is all too often seen as
a box-ticking exercise to satisfy project requirements• monitoring remains the least well developed area of
landscape approach application
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Conclusions and recommendations
Landscape approaches remain contentious and under-theorized
There is good evidence of “landscape approaches” being implemented within the tropics but weak evidence of effectiveness
Multi-level engagement seems fundamental to success
Attempts to implement must be contextualized and willing to embrace complexity
Metrics need to continue to develop
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Future outputs and research opportunities
A toolkit for landscape approach implementation
A synthesis of landscape approach frameworks
Analysis of stakeholder perceptions in a landscape approach
Evaluation of landscape approach in practice
Assessment of landscape approach investments
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Thanks for listening!For further information:James Reed: [email protected] Sunderland: [email protected]