NANOROBOTICS

CONTENTS:

Introduction to RobotsRoboticsNanotechnologyNanoroboticsNanorobotsTypes of making NanorobotsApplicationsReplacement of heart bypass surgery by Nanorobots

ROBOTS:

It is a mechanical or virtual artificial agent usually an electromechanical machine that is guided by computer program or electronic circuitry.

Examples: ASIMO , TOPIO, Nanorobots, Swarm robots and Industrial robots.

Types:

1. Mobile robots 2. Rolling robots

3. Walking robots 4.Stationary robots

5. Autonomous robots 6. Beam robots

7. Virtual robots 8. Remote control robots

ROBOTICS:

It deals with design, construction, operation and application of robots and computer systems for their control, sensory feedback and information processing.

These technologies deal with automated machines that can take place of humans in hazardous or manufacturing processes.

Today, robotics is rapidly growing field, as we continue to research, design, and build new robots that serve various practical purpose.

“THE NEXT BIG THING IS VERY SMALL”

NANOTECHNOLOGY:

It is the manipulation of matter on an atomic and molecular scale.

It works with materials, devices and other structures with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers.

With a variety of potential applications, nanotechnology is a key technology for the future.

NANOROBOTICS:

It is the emerging technology field creating machines or robots whose components are at or close to the scale of a nanometer (10-9 meters).

Nanorobotics refers to the nanotechnology engineering discipline of designing and building nanorobots, with devices ranging in size from 0.1–10 micrometers and constructed of nanoscale or molecular components.

Other names: nanobots, nanoids, nanites, nano-machines , nanomites

NANOROBOTS:

One of the most advanced forms of nano-medicine is nanorobots. Nanorobots are microscopic devices measured on the scale of nanometers.

Fig: A design of nanorobot with sensors, molecular sorting rotors and fins

SENSORS:

A sensor (also called detector) is a converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an (mostly electronic) instrument.

Molecular sorting rotor:

A class of nanomechanical device capable of selectively binding (or releasing) molecules from/ to solution, and of transporting these bound molecules against significant concentration gradients.

Fins: A fin is a surface used for stability and/or to produce lift and

thrust or to steer while traveling in water, air, or other fluid media.

TYPES OF MAKING NANOROBOTS:

1. Nubots 2. Bacteria based

1. Nubots:The first approach is through nubots. Nubot is an abbreviation

for ‘nucleic acid robots.’ Nubots are organic molecular machines at the nanoscale. DNA structure can provide means to assemble 2D and 3D nanomechanical devices.

2. Bacteria based:This approach proposes the use of biological microorganisms,

like the bacterium E- coli. Thus the model uses a flagellum for propulsion purposes. The uses of electromagnetic fields are normally applied to control the motion of this kind of biological integrated device.

APPLICATIONS:Atomic force microscopeNano macro/microscale robotsNanomachinesToxicity detectorsSingle molecule carNubotsMedicineDentistryDiagnosis and treatment of Diabetes

REPLACEMENT OF HEART BYPASS SURGERY

BY NANOROBOTS

INTRODUCTION TO HEART BYPASS SURGERY:

• It reroutes the blood supply around clogged arteries to improve blood flow and oxygen to the heart.

• It involves an incision in the middle of the chest and separation of the breastbone and detouring ,the breastbone is joined using wire and the incision sewed.

Side effects of normal heart bypass surgery: 1.loss of appetite, constipation 2.swelling in the area from which the segment of blood vessel

was removed 3.fatigue,mood swings, feelings of depression, difficulty

sleeping 4.muscle pain or tightness in the shoulders and upper back

PROPERTIES OF NANOROBOT USED:

It has 2 spaces-interior and exteriorAn electric motor is attached for it’s propagation inside

the circulatory system in the blood vesselsThe microprocessor, artery thermometer, camera, rotating

needle are incorporatedThe microprocessor based control unit is used to control

the overall operations of nanorobotRadioactive material is used as a part of exterior surface,

which helps to nanorobot at any period of timeMagnetic switch is used to provide to switch on and off

nanorobot at any point of time

Introduction of nanorobot into human body:

The nanorobot gets access into the

body through a large diameter artery

so that it may be without being

too destructive in the first place.

Fig. The robot swims through the arteries and using a pair of tail appendages

Driving of nanorobot to the site of plaque:

•Long range sensors are used to allow the machine to navigate to the site of the plaque closely enough so that the use of short range sensors is practical•These are used during actual operations, to allow the device to distinguish between healthy and unwanted tissue•Long-range sensor-Radioactive dye•Short-range sensors-Arterial thermometer•Device for monitoring the whole operation-TV camera

Fig: Nanorobot detecting the site of plaque

Source of power and means of recovery:• The nuclear power is carried onboard to supply required

amount of energy for the operation of the device• After the nanorobot has removed the plaque, and its function

is over, it has to be removed from the body. This can be made possible by guiding the nanorobot to anchor a blood vessel that is easily accessible from outside, and perform a small surgical operation to remove it.

Fig. Removal of nanorobot From the body

CONCLUSION: From this seminar report we conclude that, NANOROBOTICS is one

of the emerging fields in technology and robotics. Nanorobotics is the technology of creating machines or robots at or close to the scale of a nanometer (10-9 meters). More specifically, nanorobotics refers to the still largely theoretical nanotechnology engineering discipline of designing and building nanorobots. Nanorobots (nanobots or nanoids) are typically devices constructed of nanoscale or molecular components. This paper describes the design of nanorobots and application of nanorobot in heart bypass surgery that involves so many risks to the patient. However, no matter how highly trained the specialists may be, surgery can still be dangerous. So nanorobot is not only the safest but also fast and better technique to remove the plaque deposited on the internal walls of arteries. This is also an efficient method to remove these hard plaques without any surgical procedure involved.

REFERENCES:1. Nocks, Lisa (2007). The robot : the life story of a technology. Westport, CT: Greenwood

Publishing Group

2. Nanorobot “International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences”.

[Online] Available: http://www.ijpbs.net/51.pdf

3. "What Nanobots Are Made Out Of." How Nanorobots Are Made.

[Online] Available: http://nanogloss.com/nanobots/how-nanorobots-are-made/

4. (2011,April 12). H.Wang. "Basic Properties of Diamond." Diamond Blade Select.

[Online] Available: http://www.diamondbladeselect.com/knowledge/basic-properties-of-diamond/

5. (2012, February 22). J. Malone."Advanced Nanobots Deliver Targeted Drugs." COSMOS.

[Online]Available:http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/news/5321/dna-nanobots-deliver-targetted-drugs

6. (2009, January 7). "Nanorobots to Fight Cancer, Diagnose Disease - Health - CBC News." CBC.ca - Canadian News Sports Entertainment Kids Docs Radio TV. [Online]Available:http://www.cbc.ca/news/health/story/2009/01/07/nanomedicine.html

7. S. Hede and N. Huilgol.(2006) ""Nano": The New Nemesis of Cancer ." Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics: Free Full Text Articles from JCRT, India. [Online]Available:http://www.cancerjournal.net/article.asp?issn=0973-1482;year=2006;volume=2;issue=4;spage=186;epage=195;aulast=Hede

THANK YOU!!!!Presented by:POOJA MOTE ANJALI JADHAV

T.E. (E & TC)