A Seminar on Paper Battery

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:ER.REENA RATHORE SANJEET KUMAR ASSISTANT PROFESSOR 12EAICS746

GENERAL Li-ION BATTERY

Generally Li-ion re-chargeable batteries are used in mobiles, laptops and most of the electronic devices.

3 primary functional component of Li-ion battery are: 1. -ve electrode(graphite) 2. +ve electrode(cobalt oxide) 3.electrolyte( lithium salt in organic solvent)

During discharge and charging, lithium ions Li+ carry the current from the negative to the positive electrode and vice-versa respectively, through the non-aqueous electrolyte .

Disadvantages of Li-Ion• EXPENSIVE -- 40% more than NiCd.

• DELICATE -- battery temp must be monitored from within (which raises the price), and sealed particularly well.

• REGULATIONS -- when shipping Li-Ion batteries in bulk (which also raises the price). Class 9 miscellaneous hazardous material

Paper battery

A paper battery is a flexible, ultra-thin energy storage and production device formed by combining carbon nanotubes with a conventional sheet of cellulose-based paper.

The nano materials are a one-dimensional structure with very small diameters. It can be bent and twisted, trimmed with scissors or molded into any needed

shape. A paper battery acts as both a high-energy battery and super capacitor. This

combination allows the battery to provide both long-term, steady power production and bursts of energy.

It is non toxic, environment friendly and is everything that a conventional battery is not.

WHY TO USE PAPER BATTERY?

Ultra-thin size & flexible structure.

Exhibits property of super-capacitor(22F-36F per gram)

Operating temperature(-75 to 100 degree celsius)

provide both long-term, steady power production and bursts of energy.

Cost-effective.

CARBON NANOTUBES

Carbon nanotube is the main concept behind paper battery

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs; also known as buckytubes) are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure. Allotropes are different structural modifications of an element

CNTs exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties, and are efficient thermal conductors.

Nanotubes are members of the fullerene structural family. The diameter of a nanotube is on the order of a few nanometers  Their name is derived from their long, hollow structure with the walls formed by one-atom-thick sheets of carbon, called graphene. These sheets are rolled at specific and discrete angles, and the combination of the rolling angle and radius decides the nanotube properties

CONSTRUCTION OF PAPER BATTERY

CNT thin films were coated onto stainless steel (SS) substrates with a solution based process.

The concentration of CNT is 1.7 mg/mL. A dried film with a thickness of 2 micrometer was formed after

drying the CNT ink on the SS substrate at 80 °C for 5 min.This film is then peeled off from substrate.

These films act as electrodes of paper battery. one film is pasted to electrolyte LTO (Li4Ti5O12) and the other

film is pasted to electrolyte LCO (LiCoO2). Paper is sandwiched between two electrolytes LTO and LCO with

PVDF(poly vinylidene fluoride) acting as glue.

CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE

STRUCTURE OF PAPER BATTERY

03/05/2023

10• While a conventional battery contains a number of separate components, the paper battery integrates all of the battery components in a single structure, making it more energy efficient, Integrated devices.

• The battery contains carbon nanotubes, each about one millionth of a centimeter thick, which act as an electrode. The nanotubes are embedded in a sheet of paper soaked in ionic liquid electrolytes, which conduct the electricity. .

How a paper battery works?

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• Electricity is the flow of electrical power or electrons • Batteries produce electrons through a chemical reaction between electrolyte

and metal in the traditional battery.

• Chemical reaction in the paper battery is between electrolyte and carbon nanotubes.

• Electrons collect on the negative terminal of the battery and flow along a connected wire to the positive terminal.

• Electrons must flow from the negative to the positive terminal for the chemical reaction to continue.

advantages

Light, rugged, flexible, can be rolled, crunched, cut, made into any shape. The nano composite paper is compatible with a number of electrolyte, like blood,

urine, sweat etc. If we stack 500 sheets together in a ream, that's 500 times the voltage. If we rip

the paper in half we cut power by 50%. So we can control the power and voltage issue.

Non toxic and hence ca be used to power pacemakers and RF tags. It is very useful where burst of energy is required for operation like mostly

electric vehicles.

The electrolyte contains no water, thus there’s nothing in the batteries to freeze or evaporate, potentially allowing operation in extreme temperatures.

Environment friendly. The organic radical materials inside the battery are in an

"electrolyte-permeated gel state,“ which helps ions make a smooth move, allowing the batteries to charge at lightning speeds.

(It could charge 10-20 times faster than conventional Li-ion batteries.)

“Paper Battery Would Be THE Answer To Electrical Energy Storage Problems.”

LIMITATIONS

Presently, the devices are only a few inches across and they have to be scaled up to sheets of newspaper size to make it commercially viable.

Carbon nanotubes are expensive. The idea is still in the labs and a commercially viable paper battery will take at

least 40-60 years to become a reality. Researches in nanotechnology to mass produce nanotubes is promising.

applications

Pace makers (uses blood as electrolyte) Used as alternate to conventional batteries in gadgets. Devices in space shuttles Powered smart cards RF id tags, smart clothes.

future scope The black piece of paper can power a small light.

Flexible paper batteries could meet the energy demands of the next generation of gadgets.

The ambition is to produce reams of paper that could one day power a car.

The paper battery was a glimpse into the future of power storage.

conclusions

The range of possible applications for paper batteries derives from their important advantages as compared to conventional battery technologies.

They can be made in virtually any shape and size to meet the requirements of each application.

The batteries are rechargeable, and have reduced cost and weight which in itself may give birth to new applications.

Paper battery could solve all the problems associated with electrical energy storage.

However the reality is still very far away, though the researches are promising.