Shri Nagpur Gujarati Mandal’s VMV COMMERCE, JMT ARTS & JJP SCIENCE COLLEGE

(Institute of Computer Studies and Research)Wardhaman Nagar, Nagpur-08.

Presented By Miss Sonam Meshram MCA IIIrd Yr

Seminar topic on: Paper Battery

Introduction

Comparison with Li-ion Battery

Use of paper Battery

How to make

Structure of Battery

Working

Advantages

Disadvantages

Future Scope

Reference

Contents

A paper battery is a battery engineered to use a paper-thin sheet of cellulose infused with aligned carbon nanotubes.

• In august 2007, a research team at Rensselear polytechnicInstitute developed the paper battery,also known as nano composite paper.

INTRODUCTION

During discharge and charging, lithium ions Li+ carry the current from the negative to the positive electrode and vice-versa respectively, through the non-aqueous electrolyte .

GENERAL Li-ION BATTERYGenerally Li-ion re-chargeable batteries are used in mobiles, laptops and most of the electronic devices.

3 primary functional component of Li-ion battery are:

1. -ve electrode(graphite) 2. +ve electrode(cobalt oxide) 3.electrolyte( lithium salt in organic solvent)

• EXPENSIVE -- 40% more than NiCd.

• DELICATE -- battery temp must be monitored from within (which raises the price), and sealed particularly well.

• REGULATIONS -- when shipping Li-Ion batteries in bulk (which also raises the price).

Disadvantages of Li-Ion

Ultra-thin size & flexible structure.

Exhibits property of super-capacitor(22F-36F per gram)

Operating temperature(-75 to 100 degree celsius)

provide both long-term, steady power production and bursts of energy.

Cost-effective.

WHY TO USE PAPER BATTERY ?

Carbon nanotube is the main concept behind paper battery

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs; also known as buckytubes) are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure.

CNTs exhibit extraordinary strength unique electrical properties, and are efficient thermal conductors.

Nanotubes are members of the fullerene structural family. The diameter of a nanotube is on the order of a few nanometers .Their name is derived from their long, hollow structure with the walls formed by one-atom-thick sheets of carbon, called graphene.

These sheets are rolled at specific and discrete angles, and the combination of the rolling angle and radius decides the nanotube properties

CARBON NANOTUBES

Graphene structure

Rolled at angle

CARBON NANOTUBESpinning Carbon Nanotube

CNT thin films were coated onto stainless steel (SS) substrates with a solution based process.

The concentration of CNT is 1.7 mg/mL.A dried film with a thickness of 2 micrometer was

formed after drying the CNT ink on the SS substrate at 80 °C for 5 min. This film is then peeled off from substrate.

These films act as electrodes of paper battery. one film is pasted to electrolyte LTO (Li4Ti5O12)

and the other film is pasted to electrolyte LCO (LiCoO2).

Paper is sandwiched between two electrolytes LTO and LCO with PVDF(poly vinylidene fluoride) acting as glue.

CONSTRUCTION OF PAPER BATTERY

CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE

MICROSCOPIC OF LAYERS

STRUCTURE OF PAPER BATTERY

2.Traditional Batteries produce electrons through a chemical reaction between electrolyte and metal.

3.paper battery produces electrons due to the interaction of electrolytes LTO & LCO.

4. Electrons collect on the negative terminal of the battery and flow along a connected wire to the positive terminal during discharging.

5. Electrons must flow from the negative to the positive terminal for the chemical reaction to continue.

1.While a conventional battery contains a number of separate components, the paper battery integrates all of the battery components in a single structure, making it more energy efficient.

WORKING

• The flexible battery can function even if it is rolled up, folded or cut.

•We can get 2.5 volts of electricity from a sample the size of a postage stamp.

• "If we stack 500 sheets together in a ream, that's 500 times the voltage. If we rip the paper in half we cut power by 50%. So we can control the power and voltage issue."

• Because the battery consists mainly of paper and carbon, it could be used to power pacemakers within the body where conventional batteries pose a toxic threat.

ADVANTAGES

CARBON NANOTUBES ARE VERY EXPENSIVE.

BATTERIES WITH LARGE ENOUGH POWER ARE UNLIKELY TO BE COST EFFECTIVE.

FOR A COMMERCIAL VIABILITIS, THESE BATTERIES HAVE TO BE SCALED UPTO SHEETS OF NEWSPAPER SIZE.

REPLACING THE OLD BATTERIES RESULTS WASTAGE OF OLD ELECTRONIC GOODS.

GENERATION OF E-WASTE.

Disadvantage:

APPLICATIONS

The black piece of paper can power a small light.

Flexible paper batteries could meet the energy demands of the next generation of gadgets.

The ambition is to produce reams of paper that could one day power a car.

The paper battery was a glimpse into the future of power storage.

Paper Battery offers future power

Conclusion:

• This energy storage device is cost-effective because the device can be able to be used in the smallest and most diversely designed electronics. Such as cell phones, mp3 players and medical equipment.

• The researchers say that it can also be used in automobiles and aircraft. Lastly, the use of ionic liquid makes the device environmentally friendly.