A Strategic Initiative A Strategic Initiative for UT/LS Research at for UT/LS Research at

NCARNCARL. Pan, S. Schauffler, M. Barth, T. Campos, A. L. Pan, S. Schauffler, M. Barth, T. Campos, A.

Heymsfield, A. Lambert, D. Lenschow, W. Heymsfield, A. Lambert, D. Lenschow, W. Randel, P. Rasch (A. Gettelman), B. Ridley, D. Randel, P. Rasch (A. Gettelman), B. Ridley, D.

Rogers, J. Stith, and P. WennbergRogers, J. Stith, and P. Wennberg

MotivationsMotivations Scientific significance - Scientific significance -

Important impact - Ozone, water vapor, cirrus clouds, and aerosols have major effects on Earth’s Important impact - Ozone, water vapor, cirrus clouds, and aerosols have major effects on Earth’s radiation budgetradiation budget

Complicated processes - Multiscale transport and exchange between LS and UT, strong gradients Complicated processes - Multiscale transport and exchange between LS and UT, strong gradients in trace constituents, and multiphase chemistryin trace constituents, and multiphase chemistry

Common interest - critical mass of collaborators interested in chemistry,dynamics and microphysics of UT/LS among four NCAR divisions and beyond

New opportunities - the AURA satellite (2004) and other A-train platforms, GPS/cosmic (2005), and HIAPER (2005)

The NCAR wide UT/LS initiative The NCAR wide UT/LS initiative project: background and statusproject: background and status

Started in ACD as a part of strategic initiative planning Started in ACD as a part of strategic initiative planning process (2001);process (2001);

Proposed to and supported by the NCAR director’s Proposed to and supported by the NCAR director’s opportunity fund as an incubator project that has opportunity fund as an incubator project that has participations from multiple NCAR divisions (October participations from multiple NCAR divisions (October 2002);2002);

A coordinating committee has formed to lead the process A coordinating committee has formed to lead the process of a white paper and an initiative proposal for the NCAR of a white paper and an initiative proposal for the NCAR director’s initiative fund (Dec. 2002);director’s initiative fund (Dec. 2002);

First NCAR UT/LS science team meeting participated by First NCAR UT/LS science team meeting participated by ~60 NCAR scientist from 5 divisions/programs (Jan 2003);~60 NCAR scientist from 5 divisions/programs (Jan 2003);

Asked and agreed to plan scientific objectives and Asked and agreed to plan scientific objectives and instrument payload for initial HIAPER science flights (Jan instrument payload for initial HIAPER science flights (Jan 2003)2003)

To identify key UT/LS scientific issues that NCAR scientists To identify key UT/LS scientific issues that NCAR scientists

are interested and in a good position to make are interested and in a good position to make

contributions;contributions;

To facilitate a collaborative effort among NCAR To facilitate a collaborative effort among NCAR

divisions/programs; divisions/programs; To design an integrated research using satellite remote To design an integrated research using satellite remote

sensing data from A-train and other synergistic satellite sensing data from A-train and other synergistic satellite program, in situ aircraft measurements and multi-scale program, in situ aircraft measurements and multi-scale models;models;

To plan the use of HIAPER in conjunction with the effort of To plan the use of HIAPER in conjunction with the effort of

broader scientific community.broader scientific community.

Concept of the UT/LS Initiative ProjectConcept of the UT/LS Initiative Project

Scientific Issues of InterestScientific Issues of Interest

Distribution and variability of ozone and Distribution and variability of ozone and

water vapor. water vapor.

Stratosphere-troposphere exchange.Stratosphere-troposphere exchange.

Convective influence.Convective influence.

Oxidizing capacity.Oxidizing capacity.

Multiphase chemistry associated with Multiphase chemistry associated with

aerosols and cloud particles.aerosols and cloud particles.

Cloud microphysics.Cloud microphysics.

HALOE

H2O (Nov) NOx (July)

MOZART3 HALOE MOZART3

How does Monsoon circulation contribute to STE and UT chemistry?

Contributed by Bill Randel

Contributed by Mel Shapiro

What are the large and small scale processes that contribute to STE?

Does deep convection contribute to STE in the extratropics?

- Examine cloud-top instabilities that cause mixing and STE:

-Mixing of dry stratospheric air (and constituent species) into cloudy troposphere. - Injection of moist plumes into lower stratosphere.

- Coupled with more sophisticated microphysics can also examine stratospheric dehydration.

Contributed by Todd Lane (Lane et al., in press JAS)

Mixing in the vicinity of a cut-off low:

Upper: In situ CO and O3 from DC 8 (Sacsh)

Lower: LIDAR O3 (Browell)

Contributed by Laura Pan

How do we identify and quantify irreversible exchange processes using observations?

How do we model mixing process?

L. Pan et al., work in progress(Model (CLaMS) Investigation of SONEX flight 10)

cloud chemistry

RO2

or HOx

NOx

O3

HOx = OH + HO2

NOx = NO + NO2

CH2OH2O2

CH3OOHCH3C(O)CH3

How does convection impact UT O3 and particles?

Transport

Cloud Scale: Skamarock et al. (2000) simulated with a 3-d cloud model the tracer transport well

Contributed by M. Barth

Convective cloud simulation with chemistry of a STERAO storm t = 9000 s outflow outflow

outflow outflow

Contributed by Mary Barth

HIAPER HIAPER (High-performance Instrumented (High-performance Instrumented

Airborne Platform for Airborne Platform for Environmental Research)Environmental Research)

Gulfstream V aircraft, purchased by NSF through MREFC Gulfstream V aircraft, purchased by NSF through MREFC ($80M)($80M)

Managed by HIAPER Project Office (HPO) at NCARManaged by HIAPER Project Office (HPO) at NCAR Scientific community oversight by HACScientific community oversight by HAC

The HIAPER “Green” Airframe

◄ S/N 677 (HIAPER) after roll out in early June 2002

HIAPER awaiting inspectionduring Integrated Project Team ► (IPT) 3 Meeting in June 2002

GV Capabilities

• Maximum Range: 6,055 nm (11,214 km)

• Maximum Cruise Altitude: 51,000 ft (15,545 m)

• Maximum Scientific Payload: 6,600 lbs (2,994 kg)

• Typical Zero Fuel Weight: 53,679 lbs (24,349 kg)

• Maximum Mission Fuel: 37,221 lbs (16,883 kg)

• Maximum Ramp Weight: 90,900 lbs (41,232 kg)

• Maximum Takeoff Weight: 90,500 lbs (41,051 kg)

** Data shown are for HIAPER (GV Serial Number 677) **

““Soft Start” periodSoft Start” period

Planned time period: July 05 - April 06, 100-150 Planned time period: July 05 - April 06, 100-150

flight hours;flight hours;

““soft start”: Jeffco airport based flights and gradual soft start”: Jeffco airport based flights and gradual

increase of instrument payload;increase of instrument payload;

““friendly users”: select instruments that have friendly users”: select instruments that have

successfully flown on other aircraft;successfully flown on other aircraft;

Initial science plan and instrument list to be Initial science plan and instrument list to be

propose to OFAP April 2003propose to OFAP April 2003

Instruments finalized by October 2003.Instruments finalized by October 2003.

““Soft Start” cont.Soft Start” cont. Initial science issues considered (in progress):Initial science issues considered (in progress):

STE in the vicinity of the subtropical jet, multi scale transport STE in the vicinity of the subtropical jet, multi scale transport and mixingand mixing

Convective influence to UT chemistry and cloudsConvective influence to UT chemistry and clouds Instrument inter-comparisonsInstrument inter-comparisons

Instruments being consideredInstruments being considered State parameters (T, P, Alt, Lat, Lon, winds, RH…) (NCAR/RAF)State parameters (T, P, Alt, Lat, Lon, winds, RH…) (NCAR/RAF) MTP (JPL)MTP (JPL) OO33, CO, H, CO, H22O (ATD), OO (ATD), O33, (NOAA), (NOAA) CO, COCO, CO22 (Harvard) (Harvard) Total Water (CU)Total Water (CU) Whole Air Sampler (NCAR)Whole Air Sampler (NCAR) Hydrometeor Spectrometers, PMS, CN (NCAR)Hydrometeor Spectrometers, PMS, CN (NCAR) FTIR (NCAR)FTIR (NCAR)

Scientific Test Flights and Scientific Test Flights and AURA ValidationAURA Validation