a study on smartphone manufacturing ecosystem in …
TRANSCRIPT
A STUDY ON SMARTPHONE
MANUFACTURING ECOSYSTEM IN INDIA
JADUMANI JENA
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DELHI
INDIA
NOVEMBER 2016
© Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD), New Delhi, 2016
A STUDY ON SMARTPHONE
MANUFACTURING ECOSYSTEM IN INDIA
by
Jadumani Jena
Submitted
in fulfilment of requirements of the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
to
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DELHI
INDIA
NOVEMBER 2016
Dedicated to my wife Renuka who has been a constant Source
of Encouragement for my PhD work
i
CERTIFICATE
The thesis entitled “A Study on Smartphone Manufacturing Ecosystem in India”;
being submitted by Jadumani Jena to the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, for
award of the Degree of “Doctor of Philosophy” is a record bona fide Research Work
carried out by him. He has worked under our supervision in conformity with rules and
regulations of the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. The research reports and results
presented in the thesis have not been submitted in part or full for the award of any degree
or diploma in any other University or Institute.
Prof Ravi Shankar
Professor
Department of Management Studies,
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Hauz khas, New Delhi
Prof MP Gupta
Professor
Department of Management Studies,
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Hauz khas, New Delhi
Place: New Delhi
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
At the outset, I would like to thank my supervisors Prof Ravi Shankar and Prof MP Gupta
for allowing me to work under their supervision. I am highly indebted to Prof Ravi
Shankar, who has been a constant source of Inspiration and supported immensely for
completion of this study especially in the absence of much available literature. In many
occasions when I reached a blind spot, he guided me out of it with a helping hand and
innovative solutions. He always made seemingly difficult jobs simpler. I am also grateful
to Prof M. P. Gupta who gave me timely advice and valuable inputs to keep me focused
to the problem area. Both of them have been friend, philosopher and guide to me for this
work. I am thankful to Prof Mahim Sagar who has been the real motivator for me to join
the PhD Program of IIT Delhi.
This thesis certainly would not have been in the current shape without the contributions
from my fellow researchers especially Rachita, Vijayta, Ashish, Devendra, Fahima,
Monika and my colleagues Ankita, Lalitha, Neeti and Rahul. I am indebted to them for
their support. I extend my gratitude to Student Interns of BITS Pilani, Amity University
and IIT Delhi who have helped me in data collection and some exploratory work. I also
thank Mr. Bijoyanand Mishra, who has been a tremendous support in the initial period of
the course work and in organising the experts. I extend my sincere thanks to all the
experts and 135 respondents of the survey who have been the major contributor to this
study.
I would like to give a standing ovation to my wife Renuka who stood by me in all odds
and kept on encouraging me to devote time to traverse the journey that I have embarked
upon since 2007, for building a sound telecom ecosystem in India. The creation of
Telecom Centres of Excellence (TCOE), Telecom Sector Skill Council (TSSC) and
Telecom Standards Development Society, India (TSDSI) from concept to reality, gave me
an insight to the existing ecosystem of India and motivated me to explore more for
identifying strategic areas, those need to be handled on priority. I also extend my heartfelt
thanks to my children Aneema and Jyotirmoy who have tolerated me of parental neglect
and have always held me in high esteem.
iv
I would like to thank Mr. Rajan S Mathews, Director General, Cellular Operators
Association of India (COAI) who had really understood the importance of the
research area and permitted me to enrol as a part time PhD Student.
At last, I would like to thank my SRC chairman Prof SS Yadav and the members
Prof Sushil and Prof SK Gupta for their valuable guidance for completing this thesis.
(Jadumani Jena)
Place: New Delhi
v
ABSTRACT
Telecom Sector in India has traversed through major changes in recent years.
More than just a voice communication medium, it is now contributing a lot towards
economic growth and financial inclusion of poorest of the poor. There is also significant
change towards using telecommunication to play a major role in value added services,
such as on-line banking, m-health, m-commerce, m-governance, m-education etc. Many
business decisions are now facilitated through telecom infrastructure and therefore it is
contributing towards the overall GDP of a nation. However the penetration of mobile tele-
density is still far from satisfactory especially in rural and semi urban areas, thus having a
high growth potential both in quantitative and qualitative terms.
An important feature of this sector is strong interdependence of different sub
systems like handset manufacturing, service delivery, tower technology, application
development etc. on one another. With rapid technological convergence, the mobile
devices are becoming smarter day by day and smartphone is becoming the ubiquitous
platform both for personal and business activities. This device demand in India is growing
in geometric progression and many economic/ governance activities are being offered on
this platform. However, the weakest link in the entire telecom ecosystem of India is
handset manufacturing which is mostly import dependant but has many customer-facing
challenges. Therefore there is a need to carefully understand the way we can strengthen
smart phone manufacturing in India.
The objective of this research is to analyse smartphone manufacturing ecosystem
(SME) and identify key Enabling variables and Inhibitors and establish their hierarchical
importance so that these can be appropriately managed to develop the manufacturing
ecosystem.
To achieve this main objective, attempt was made to study a few countries like
China, USA, Taiwan, Korea and Finland which helped us to understand their respective
strength, weakness, opportunity and threat. This knowledge was helpful in synthesis of
the results and in drawing conclusions.
Subsequently, a few representative case studies of smartphone manufacturers were
undertaken to study their performance parameters under Indian conditions to get an idea
vi
about the manufacturing ecosystem and analysed using SAP-LAP (Situation Actor
Process - Learning Action Performance) framework. This helped us in understanding
enabler and inhibitor variables of smartphone manufacturing ecosystem. This was further
augmented with literature survey and expert opinion to arrive at a set of Enabling and
Inhibiting variables. Around these variables, a questionnaire based Survey was conducted
and responses were collected from different segment of the telecom sector. Using
appropriate statistical tools like factor analysis and regression testing, a few hypotheses
were formulated and these hypotheses were tested to get the final set of significant
enabling/ inhibiting variables.
Thereafter, Total Interpretive Structural Models (TISM) were developed both for
the enabling variables and inhibitors separately, which provided useful information about
the driving power and dependence relationships amongst the variables. Thus the strategic
enablers and inhibitors (barriers) were identified along with their hierarchical importance
level with respect to each other. These enablers and barriers of TISM model were then
synthesized with the strength, opportunity obtained from SWOT analysis for India to get
the SOEB (Strength-Opportunity-Enabler-Barrier) matrix for decision making in
development of smartphone manufacturing ecosystem.
The research ends with documentation of implication of the study for practitioners
and academician. Limitations of research and scope of future work were also listed. The
thesis has thrown up some revealing facts as to how the policy makers have been
focussing on some of the non-strategic areas that have low driving power but give lesser
attention to strategic areas. Supportive Govt. policy, entrepreneur development and global
competitiveness have been the strategic enablers for developing smartphone
manufacturing ecosystem and political corruption coupled with low R&D spending have
been the biggest inhibitors to the growth of the ecosystem. This study lays the foundation
to the least studied area of ecosystem development for manufacturing mobile handsets, a
mass consumed product in India today. Hopefully this work will trigger more studies and
research to take place in this area in years to come.
Keywords: Smartphone Manufacturing Ecosystem (SME), Total Interpretive
Structural Modelling (TISM), India Case study, Inhibitor, Enabler, Barriers, SOEB.
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Pg. No.
Certificate ………………………………………………………………... i
Acknowledgement………………………………………………………… iii
Abstract…………………………………………………………………… v
Table of Contents………………………………………………………… vii
List of Figures…………………………………………………………….. xiii
List of Tables……………………………………………………………… xv
List of Abbreviations……………………………………………………… xvii
1. Introduction …………………………………………………………….. 1-12
1.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………. 1
1.2 Smartphone Ecosystem………………………………………………... 2
1.3 Smartphone Manufacturing Ecosystem………………………………… 3
1.3.1 Smartphone Manufacturing……………………………………. 4
1.3.2 Manufacturing Cost……………………………………………. 5
1.4 Key Challenges for the Smartphone Manufacturing in India………… 6
1.5 Key Motivations to Study Smartphone Manufacturing
Ecosystem in India………………………………………………………
6
1.6 Research Objectives…………………………………………………… 7
1.6.1 Research Objectives……………………………………………. 7
1.6.2 Research Design………………………………………………... 7
1.6.3 Research Tools…………………………………………………. 9
1.7 Organization of Report………………………………………………… 10
1.8 Chapter Summary……………………………………………………... 11
2. Literature Review……………………………………………………….. 13-36
2.1 Introduction. …………………………………………………………... 13
2.2 Studies on Telecom Ecosystem………………………………………... 13
2.3 Smartphone Manufacturing Ecosystem…..…………………………… 14
2.3.1 What are smartphones and platforms? ………………………… 14
2.3.2 The Market Today……………………………………………… 16
2.3.3 Key Manufacturers……………………………………………... 19
2.3.4 Manufacturers in India…………………………………………. 23
2.3.5 Key OS Developers…………………………………………….. 25
viii
Title Pg. No.
2.3.6 Operators Role in the Industry…………………………………. 26
2.3.7 Applications‘ Role in the Industry……………………………... 26
2.3.8 Key Platform Developers………………………………………. 26
2.3.9 Key Platform Developers and Manufacturers………………….. 28
2.4 Evolution of Competitive Landscape………………………………….. 29
2.5 Total Interpretive Structural Modeling (TISM) ……………………… 31
2.6 Case Study …………………………………………………………….. 35
2.7 SAP-LAP……………………………………………………………… 35
2.8 Gap in Literature………………………………………………………. 35
2.9 Chapter Summary ……………………………………………………... 36
3. Comparative Study of Indian Telecom Sector with Global Best
Practices……………………….……………………………………………
37-74
3.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………. 37
3.2 Global Manufacturing Scenario……………………………………….. 38
3.2.1 China…………………………………………………………… 38
3.2.2 USA…………………………………………………………….. 40
3.2.3 Taiwan………………………………………………………….. 41
3.2.4 South Korea…………………………………………………….. 44
3.2.5 Finland………………………………………………………….. 46
3.2.6 Analysis………………………………………………………… 48
3.3 Indian Smartphone Market……………………………………………. 49
3.3.1 Demand for Smartphones in India……………………………… 51
3.4 Indian Infrastructure and Policy Scenario……………………………... 51
3.5 Institutional Framework……………………………………………….. 52
3.5.1 Telecom Centers of Excellence (TCOE) ………………………. 54
3.5.1.1 Importance……………………………………………... 54
3.5.1.2 Structure………………………………………………... 54
3.5.1.3 Working………………………………………………... 54
3.5.1.4 Impact………………………………………………….. 55
3.5.2 Telecommunications Standards Development Society, India
(TSDSI) ……………………….……………………….…….
56
3.5.2.1 Importance……………………………………………... 56
ix
Title Pg. No.
3.5.2.2 Structure……………………………………………….. 56
3.5.2.3 Working……………………………………………….. 56
3.5.2.4 Impact………………………………………………….. 56
3.5.3 Telecom Sector Skill Council (TSSC) ………………………… 57
3.5.3.1 Importance……………………………………………... 57
3.5.3.2 Structure………………………………………………... 57
3.5.3.3 Working………………………………………………... 57
3.5.3.4 Impact………………………………………………….. 58
3.6 Comparative Study of Smartphone Manufacturing Practices………… 58
3.6.1 India and the United States……………………………………... 59
3.6.1.1 Analysis………………………………………………… 60
3.6.2 India and China………………………………………………… 61
3.6.2.1 Analysis………………………………………………… 62
3.6.3 India and South Korea…………………………………………. 62
3.6.3.1 Analysis………………………………………………… 64
3.6.4 Indian and Taiwan……………………………………………… 65
3.6.4.1 Analysis………………………………………………… 66
3.7 SWOT Analysis……………………………………………………….. 67
3.7.1 Strengths………………………………………………………... 68
3.7.2 Weakness……………………………………………………….. 69
3.7.3 Opportunities…………………………………………………… 70
3.7.4 Threats………………………………………………………….. 71
3.8 Chapter Summary……………………………………………………... 72
4. Case Study of Smartphone Manufacturers……………………………… 75-102
4.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………. 75
4.2 SAP-LAP Methodology……………………………………………….. 75
4.2.1 SAP-LAP Framework Formation………………………………. 75
4.2.2 Steps Involved………………………………………………….. 76
4.2.3 Actor-Process Matrix…………………………………………... 76
4.3 Case Study of Nokia…………………………………………………... 77
4.3.1 Introduction…………………………………………………….. 77
4.3.2 Best Practices at Nokia…………………………………………. 77
x
Title Pg. No.
4.3.3 Statistics related to Nokia……………………………………… 78
4.3.4 Controversy at Chennai Plant………………………………….. 78
4.3.5 SAP-LAP Methodology applied on Nokia case study…………. 79
4.3.5.1 Actors involved………………………………………… 80
4.3.5.2 SAP-LAP Hills………………………………………… 84
4.3.5.3 Turning Points…………………………………………. 84
4.4 Case Study of Micromax………………………………………………. 85
4.4.1 Manufacturing………………………………………………….. 86
4.4.2 Distribution……………………………………………………... 86
4.4.3 Best Practices of Micromax……………………………………. 86
4.4.4 SAP-LAP Methodology applied on Micromax………………… 87
4.4.4.1 Actors Involved………………………………………… 87
4.4.4.2 SAP-LAP Hills………………………………………… 93
4.4.4.3 Learning………………………………………………... 93
4.4.4.4 Learning and Implications for other handset
manufacturers in India………………………………..
94
4.5 Case Study of Samsung………………………………………………... 95
4.5.1 Samsung at present……………………………………………... 95
4.5.2 SAP-LAP Model for analysis of Samsung…………………….. 95
4.5.2.1 Actors involved………………………………………… 95
4.5.2.2 SAP-LAP Hills………………………………………… 100
4.5.2.3 Learning………………………………………………... 100
4.5.2.4 Learning and Implications for other handset
manufacturers in India………………………………..
101
4.6 Chapter Summary……………………………………………………... 102
5. Questionnaire based survey and analysis……………………………….. 103-130
5.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………. 103
5.1.1 Administration of Questionnaire………………………………..
5.1.2 Demographics of Respondents …………………………………
103
103
5.2 Enablers in a smartphone ecosystem………………………………….. 104
5.2.1 Application of statistical tools…………………………………. 108
5.2.1.1 Reliability of data……………………………………… 108
xi
Title Pg. No.
5.2.1.2 Factor analysis………………………………………… 109
5.2.2 Hypothesis Formulation and Testing…………………………... 114
5.3 Inhibitors to Smartphone Manufacturing ecosystem…………………. 116
5.3.1 Application of statistical tools………………………………….. 119
5.3.1.1 Reliability of data………………………………………. 119
5.3.1.2 Factor analysis…………………………………………. 120
5.3.2 Hypothesis Formulation and Testing…………………………... 125
5.4 Discussion……………………………………………………………... 127
5.4.1 Significance of Enablers………………………………..…… 127
5.4.2 Significance of Inhibitors………………………………..…… 128
5.5 Chapter Summary……………………………………………………... 128
6. Modelling Enablers of Smartphone Manufacturing Ecosystem using
TISM……………………………………………………………………….
131-156
6.1 Introduction……………….…………………………………………… 131
6.2 Enablers for Smartphone Manufacturing ecosystem…………………. 132
6.3 TISM on the Enablers …………………………...................................... 137
6.4 Analysis and discussions………………………………………………. 152
6.5 Managerial implications of research…………………………………... 154
6.6 Conclusion…………………………………………………………….. 155
6.7 Chapter Summary……………………………………………………... 155
7. Modeling inhibitors of Smartphone Manufacturing Ecosystem
Development………………………………………………………………
157-172
7.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………. 157
7.2 Research Methodology………………………………………………... 157
7.3 Application of TISM for modeling inhibitors of smartphone
manufacturing ecosystem development (SMED)………………………
158
7.4 Classification of Inhibitors: MICMAC analysis………………………. 169
7.5 Discussion and Implications for Managers……………………………. 170
7.6 Chapter Summary …………………………………………………….. 171
8. Synthesis and Conclusions …..…………………………………………. 173-184
8.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………. 173
8.2 Synthesis of Research…………………………………………………. 174
xii
Title Pg. No.
8.3 Contribution of this research…………………………………………... 177
8.4 Implication for practice…...…………………………………………… 181
8.5 Implication for research ……………….……………………………... 182
8.6 Limitations of research………………………………………………… 182
8.7 Scope of Future Work…………………………………………………. 183
8.8 Chapter Summary ……………………………………………………. 184
References………………………………………………………………….. 185-200
Appendices………………………………………………………………… 201-226
Appendix I – Questionnaire 1……………………………………………… 201
Appendix II – Questionnaire 2…………………………………………….. 205
Appendix III – Interpretive logic knowledge base – Enabling variable…… 209
Appendix IV – Interpretive logic knowledge base – Inhibitors…………… 219
Publications ……………………………………………………………… 227
Short Biography………………………………………………………….. 229
xiii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
No. Title of Figures Pg. No.
1.1 Smartphone Ecosystem ……………………………………………... 3
1.2 Smartphone Manufacturing Ecosystem……………………………. 4
1.3 Handset Manufacturing Value Chain………………………………. 5
1.4 Research Flow………………………………………………………. 8
2.1 The mobile operating system ……………………………………….. 15
2.2 Global Cell Phone and Smartphone Shipment Forecast …………… 17
2.3 Mobile handsets and smartphones forecast ………………………… 18
2.4 Trend for mobile and desktop applications ………………………… 18
2.5 Compilation of different manufacturers and which platform they use 20
2.6 Worldwide smartphones sales (in Units)...………………………… 21
2.7 Worldwide smartphone sales (in percentage)…………………...… 21
2.8 Market share of manufacturers in India……………………………... 25
2.9 Different platforms market share in percentage …………………… 30
2.10 Worldwide smartphone OS market share…………………………… 31
3.1 SWOT of smartphone manufacturing in China……………………... 39
3.2 Strengths and weaknesses of smartphone manufacturing in USA… 41
3.3 Strengths and weaknesses of smartphone manufacturing in Taiwan 43
3.4 SWOT of smartphone manufacturing in South Korea……………. 45
3.5 Strengths and weaknesses of smartphone manufacturing in Finland 47
3.6 Smartphone sales in India………………………………………… 50
3.7 Institutional framework supporting Telecom Ecosystem…………… 53
3.8 The three pillars of TCOE………………………………………… 54
3.9 TCOE Organizational structure…………………………………... 55
3.10 Objectives of TSSC……………………………………………….. 57
3.11 Comparative Study – India and USA……………………………….. 60
3.12 Comparative Study – India and China……………………………… 61
3.13 Comparative Study – India and South Korea………………………. 63
3.14 Comparative Study – India and Taiwan…………………………... 65
3.15 SWOT Matrix for Indian Smartphone Manufacturing Ecosystem….. 68
4.1 SAP-LAP hills of Nokia……………………………………………. 84
xiv
Figure
No. Title of Figures Pg. No.
4.2 SAP-LAP hills of Micromax……………………………………… 93
4.3 SAP-LAP hills of Samsung……………………………………….. 100
6.1 Basic steps involved in TISM……………………………………….. 140
6.2 TISM of variables for smartphone manufacturing ecosystem………. 150
6.3 MICMAC analysis of variables……………………………………... 151
7.1 Digraph with significant transitive links…………………………….. 164
7.2 TISM based model for inhibitors of SMED………………………. 168
7.3 MICMAC analysis of inhibitors…………………………………….. 169
xv
LIST OF TABLES
Table
No. Title of Tables Pg. No.
1.1 Cost of Smartphone Components….…………………………………… 6
2.1 Top five mobile phone vendor shipments and market shares…..……… 17
2.2 Major Applications of TISM……….…………………………………… 33
3.1 Manufacturing Data Statistics – China...……………………………… 38
3.2 Manufacturing Data Statistics – USA…………………………………… 40
3.3 Manufacturing Data Statistics – Taiwan… …………………………… 42
3.4 Manufacturing Data Statistics – South Korea………………………..… 44
3.5 Manufacturing Data Statistics – Finland…...…………………………… 46
3.6 Comparison of Smartphone Shipments and Market Share.… 49
3.7 India‘s Global Branding Handset Producers……......………………… 50
3.8 Plants Manufacturing various smartphone components in India ……… 51
3.9 Manufacturing Data Statistics – India vs USA ………………………… 59
3.10 Manufacturing Data Statistics – India vs China ……………………… 61
3.11 Manufacturing Data Statistics – India vs South Korea ...……………… 63
3.12 Manufacturing Data Statistics – India vs Taiwan ……………………… 65
4.1 SAP-LAP Table of Nokia….…………………………………………… 81
4.2 Actor-Process Quantification Table of Nokia….……………………… 83
4.3 Quantified Actor-Process metrics of Nokia…...………………………. 84
4.4 SAP-LAP Table of Micromax..………………………………………... 89
4.5 Actor-Process Quantification Table of Micromax…………………….... 91
4.6 Quantified Actor-Process metrics of Micromax…………………............ 92
4.7 SAP-LAP Table of Samsung ……………………….…………………. 97
4.8 Actor-Process Quantification Table of Samsung….……………………. 99
4.9 Quantified Actor-Process metrics of Samsung…..…………………........ 100
5.1 List of Enablers (Variables)……………………………………………. 108
5.2 Output Reliability Statistics……………………………………………. 109
5.3 Correlation Matrix………………………………………….................... 110
5.4 Final Correlation Coefficient Matrix….……………………………….. 111
5.5 Output…………………………………….............................................. 111
5.6 Variance Chart…………………………………………………………. 112
5.7 Rotated Component Matrix……………………………......................... 113
5.8 Reliability Statistics for Factor I………………………………………. 114
5.9 Reliability Statistics for Factor II ……………………………………… 114
5.10 Reliability Statistics for Factor III………………………………………. 114
xvi
Table
No. Title of Tables Pg. No.
5.11 Regression Analysis……………………………………………………. 115
5.12 List of Inhibitors (variables)…………………………………………… 119
5.13 Output………………………………………………………………….. 120
5.14 Correlation Matrix……………………………………………………… 121
5.15 Final Correlation Coefficient Matrix…………………………………... 122
5.16 Output………………………………………………………………….. 122
5.17 Variance Chart…………………………………………………………. 123
5.18 Rotated Component Matrix…………………………………………….. 124
5.19 Reliability Statistics for Factor I…………………………………............ 125
5.20 Reliability Statistics for Factor II ……………………………………… 125
5.21 Reliability Statistics for Factor III……………………………………... 125
5.22 Regression Analysis……………………………………………………. 126
5.23 Significance of Enablers………………………………………………. 127
5.24 Significance of Inhibitors……………………………………………… 128
6.1 Significant Enablers from Factor Analysis & Hypothesis Testing. ..…… 131
6.2 Sample Interpretive logic knowledge-base …………………………….. 141
6.3 Initial reachability matrix for smartphone manufacturing ecosystem…. 143
6.4 Final reachability matrix for variables of smartphone manufacturing
ecosystem…….…….…….…….…….…….…….…….…….…….…….
145
6.5 Iteration 1………………………………………………………………. 146
6.6 Iteration 2……………………………………………………………… 146
6.7 Iteration 3……………………………………………………………… 147
6.8 Iteration 4……………………………………………………………… 147
6.9 Iteration 5……………………………………………………………… 147
6.10 Interpretive Matrix……………………………………………………… 149
7.1 Sample Interpretive Logic knowledge-base…………………………… 161
7.2 Final reachability matrix………………………………………………… 162
7.3 Level Partitioning of reachability matrix……………………………… 163
7.4 Levels for inhibitors…………………………………………………… 164
7.5 Binary interaction matrix……………………………………………… 165
7.6 Interpretive matrix……………………………………………………… 166
81. Strength-Opportunity-Enabler-Barrier (SOEB) Matrix………………… 175
8.2 Enablers of a Smartphone Manufacturing Ecosystem………………… 177
8.3 Inhibitors of a Smartphone Manufacturing Ecosystem………………… 178
8.4 Hypothesis……………………………………………………………… 179
xvii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviation Meaning
3GPP 3rd
Generation Partnership Project
A Action
AR Actor
ARPU Average Revenue Per User
ATMP Assembly Testing And Packaging
BOM Bill Of Materials
CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate
CCC Cheap Chinese Chipset
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CENVAT Central Value Added Tax
CEO Chief Executive Officer
CFO Chief Financial Officer
CIF Cost, Insurance and Freight
CKD Completely Knocked Down
COAI Cellular Operators Association Of India
CSF Critical Success Factor
CTO Chief Technology Officer
DOT Department of Telecommunications
E4GI Early 4G Introduction
ECM Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing
EMS Electronic Manufacturing Services
EOU Export Oriented Unit
EU European Union
FDI Foreign Direct Investment
FI‘S Financial Institutions
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GMCI Global Manufacturing Competitiveness Index
GOI Government of India
GOVT. Government
xviii
GPS Global Positioning System
GPU Graphics Processing Unit
GSM Global System For Mobile Communication
GSMA Global System For Mobile Communication Association
GST Goods And Services Tax
IC Integrated Circuit
ICT Information And Communication Technology
IDC International Data Corporation
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IIM Indian Institute Of Management
IISC Indian Institute Of Science
IIT Indian Institute Of Technology
IMD Institute For Management Development
IMF International Monetary Fund
IPR Intellectual Property Rights
ISM Interpretative Structure Modelling
ISP Internet Service Provider
IT Information Technology
ITRI Industrial Technology Research Institute
ITU International Telecommunications Union
JV Joint Ventures
KMO Kaiser Meyer Olkin
L Learning
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LED Light Emitting Diode
LTE Long Term Evolution
M2M Machine to Machine
MAP Mutual Agreement Process
MFN Most Favored Nation
MICMAC Cross Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to
Classification
MIE Mature Innovation Ecosystem
xix
MIIT Ministry Of Industry And Information Technology
MNC Multi National Company
MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
NA Not Applicable / Not Available
NFC Near Field Communication
NGN Next Generation Network
NSDC National Skill Development Corporation
ODM Original Design Manufacturer
OECD Organization For Economic Cooperation And Development
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
OS Operating System
PC Personal Computer
PCB Printed Circuit Board
PCO Public Call Office
PDA Personal Digital Assistant
POITC Presence of IT Companies
PPP Public Private Partnership
PR Process
PWC Price Waterhouse Coopers
Q1 Quarter-1
R&D Research And Development
RIM Research In Motion
S Situation
SAP-LAP Situation Actor Process - Learning Action performance
SEZ Special Economic Zone
SIM Subscriber Identity Module
SKD Semi Knocked Down
SME Smartphone Manufacturing Ecosystem
SMED Smartphone Manufacturing Ecosystem Development
SMS Short Message Service
SOEB Strength Opportunity, Enablers, Barriers
SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
xx
SWOT Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats
TCOE Telecom Centre Of Excellence
TFT Thin Film Transistor
TISM Total Interpretive Structural Modelling
TSDSI Telecommunications Standards Development Society,
India
TPM Total Productive Maintenance
TQM Total Quality Management
TSP Telecom Service Provider
TSSC Telecom Sector Skill Council
TV Television
UHF Ultra-High Frequency
UI User Interface
US United States of America
USA United States of America
USD United States Dollar
VAS Value Added Services
VAT Value Added Taxes
VLSI Very Large Scale Integration
VOIP Voice Over Internet Protocol
WAP Wireless Access Protocol
WEF World Economic Forum
WP7 Windows Phone 7