a summary of the american civil war. fort sumter the civil war begins: april 12, 1861 federal fort...
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A Summary of the American Civil War
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Fort Sumter The Civil War begins: April 12, 1861
Federal fort in South Carolina under command of Major Robert Anderson
Union surrendered two days later
Fort Sumter is the first battle of the Civil War
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Military Strategies
UNION • Anaconda Plan – a
squeeze plan of blockades in the east coast
• Take Mississippi River – squeeze from the west
• Capture the Confederate capital – RICHMOND, VA
CONFEDERACY• Patience – Fight a
defensive war • Get help from Europe.
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Battle of Bull Run – July 21, 1861
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Bull Run (Manassas) – First MAJOR Battle of the Civil War
• Goal – Union will capture Richmond, VA and end the war quickly
• PROBLEM – Rebels met them at Virginia stream “Bull Run” where © General “Stonewall” Thomas Jackson stands firm.
• RESULT? - Union retreats/Confederate victory• Lesson learned? Both sides need more
training and this will NOT be a quick war
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Mr. Molasses – (U) General George McClellan
• Slow/Cautious and organized Commander of the ARMY OF THE POTOMAC
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Naval Action
• Union blockade was working perfectly
• Ironclad ships were added to the war
Monitor (Union) and Merrimac (AKA Virginia)
at Hampton Roads
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© Gen. Robert E. Lee Gets OFFENSIVE
• September, 1862 • Off to Maryland • Battle of
ANTIETAM• GOAL – Destroy
Union morale
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Battle of Antietam
• LUCK! Cigars?!!??• Mr. Molasses crawls again!• 23,000+ Union and Confederates died in
just ONE day of fighting. BLOODIEST day of the Civil War!!
• Lee retreats and McClellan fails to follow• Winner???? UNION (barely)! • Good time to Emancipate…
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Antietam gave us TWO things:
1. Lincoln passed the Emancipation Proclamation. “Rebel States of the Confederacy: if you do
not come back to the Union BY Jan. 1, 1863, your slaves will be freed!” The Union will now use African-Americans in the army and the navy. - But there was NO reason for the South to listen!
2. (U) General McClellan is fired!
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Battle of Antietam
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Replacement
General Ambrose Sideburns Burnside
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Rebel Victories in the East • Battle of Fredericksburg , Virginia – © General Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson held
strong defensive position – 13,000 Union dead to 5,000 Rebels – Union led by General Ambrose Burnside on suicide
mission (EPIC UNION FAIL under the Northern Lights)
• Battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia – 3-days – Union defeated – But “Stonewall” killed
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Union Victories in the WestGoal ? Union wants control of Mississippi!Battle of Shiloh (Tennessee)– April 6, 1862
- Heavy Union losses first day - (U) Grant fights on - 1 of the bloodiest battles of entire war, but Union wins!
Union captures Mississippi River - New Orleans - Memphis - Both ends U.S. GRANT
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Union SIEGE on VICKSBURG
• Where? On the Mississippi with (U) US Grant• WHY? The LAST spot on the Mississippi River
that was held by the Confederates. • Results? UNION surrounded the city for more
than 6-weeks until the Confederates surrendered!!!
ALL of the river belonged to UNION!
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The Battle of Gettysburg, PA• Goal? © General Lee needed supplies and
wanted a win on Union soil. • Result? Three days of fighting in the HOT July
sun. At 1st Rebels were winning, but Union (under Gen. George Meade) wins.
• Important parts? The very last attack by the Confederates was made by General George Pickett = a suicide mission straight on the Union lines, known as “Pickett’s Charge”
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Three-day Battle of Gettysburg BLOODIEST BATTLE of the Civil War Union (although 17,500 were killed or wounded…23,000 Rebels)
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The 54th Massachusetts Regiment
• Union’s most famous all-black regiment. • Famous battle at Fort Wagner…VERY heavy
losses. • Helped gain respect for
African-Americans
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“Four Score and Seven Years Ago…”
• The Gettysburg Address was written by Abe Lincoln to dedicate a cemetery to those who died at the Battle of Gettysburg.
• Although a 3-minute speech, it is considered one of the greatest speeches
in American history.
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“Total War” Tactics
• (U) Grant and Lincoln decided to attack Rebel morale by ordering soldiers to destroy everything and anything that could help the South in the war effort!
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TWO Union general TOTAL WAR kings: William Tecumseh Sherman and
Philip Sheridan. Sheridan destroyed the Shenandoah Valley and Sherman “Marched to the Sea” – to destroy Atlanta, Georgia
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Election of 1864
• Lincoln beats General McClellan for the
presidency, mostly because of the success of the TOTAL
WAR TACTICS.
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Grant in Charge
• With Grant in charge of the Union troops now, he marches to RICHMOND TO END THE WAR!!!!!
• Outside of Richmond for months and with VERY HEAVY LOSSES… finally gets Lee to
surrender at APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE, VIRGINIA on April 9, 1865.