Experimental Nuclear Physics at Stony Brook Experimental Nuclear Physics at Stony Brook Past, Present, and FuturePast, Present, and Future

Prof. Gene D. SprouseProf. Gene D. SprouseStony BrookStony Brook

• Nov 24, 2006 4:00 pm Superconducting LINAC completed its last experiment at Stony Brook

• This is an opportune time to review the history of the Van de Graaff and the LINAC and the people involved in their acquisition and operation, and to look into the future a little.

Van de Graaff1968

1966

1975

Superconducting LINAC 1983

Department of Physics 1964

Peter Kahn

Alec PondCliff

Swartz ArnieFeingold

Bob deZafra

Juliet Lee-Franzini

Proposal for EN tandem Van de Graaff to SUNY-Alec Pond

sperson

Van de Graaff proposal

Time Line for proposal• 14 Dec 1962 Proposal prepared for EN (6MV) VdG.• 24 Jan 1963 NSF issues positive report on Nuc. Physics,

proposing to double funding and make money available to build facilities

• 13 Feb 1963 Provost Porter gets positive review

Time Line for proposal• 14 Dec 1962 Proposal prepared for EN (6MV) VdG.• 24 Jan 1963 NSF issues positive report on Nuc. Physics,

proposing to double funding and make money available to build facilities

• 13 Feb 1963 Provost Porter gets positive review• 15 April 1964 State Legislature appropriates $1.35M for

machine and ½ of the building,

Time Line for proposal• 14 Dec 1962 Proposal prepared for EN (6MV) VdG.• 24 Jan 1963 NSF issues positive report on Nuc. Physics,

proposing to double funding and make money available to build facilities

• 13 Feb 1963 Provost Porter gets positive review• 15 April 1964 State Legislature appropriates $1.35M for

machine and ½ of the building, • 27 October 1964 NSF grant for ½ of building ($291k) approved.

Pond Proposes going for an FN(King) rather than an EN(Standard).

This is known as “bait and switch”

Time Line for proposal• 14 Dec 1962 Proposal prepared for EN (6MV) VdG.• 24 Jan 1963 NSF issues positive report on Nuc.

Physics, proposing to double funding and make money available to build facilities

• 13 Feb 1963 Provost Porter gets positive review• 15 April 1964 State Legislature appropriates $1.35M

for machine and ½ of the building, other ½ ($291k) from NSF funding.

• Jan 1 1965 First NSF research grant for $34,000• Sept 1965 Lin Lee, Dave Fossan hired• Sept 1966 Peter Paul, Bob Weinberg hired• Oct 1966 Building started

October-10-1966 (view from top of Harriman Hall toward Old Chemistry. Trees are site of Grad Chemistry building)

November-10-1966

December-5-1966

February-1-1967

February-1-1967

Completed Van de Graaff building

Trees at right rear of the building will become site of Grad Physics Building

Delivery of the Van de Graaff tank

We all live in a yellow submarine, Yellow submarine, yellow submarine,We all live in a yellow submarine, Yellow submarine, yellow submarine,

Tank entering the building

Current picture of the Van de Graaff

Nuclear Experiment Facilities and Faculty 1965-2007

65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75

Van deGraaff

FACULTYRobert WeinbergLinwood LeeDavid FossanPeter PaulRobert McGrathGene Sprouse

resigned

Van de Graaff Physics Programs

Gamma Ray Spectroscopy Dave Fossan

Giant Dipole Resonance Peter Paul

Charged Particle Reactions Bob McGrathLin Lee

Nuclear moments and applicationsto Solid State, Atomic Physics Gene Sprouse

Two PDP-9 computers from DEC, each costing $100,000. The “big” machine had 16k 18 bit memory cells, and the “small” one 8k!

The machine ran 24-7, and we hired people to operate the machine at night.

Dr. Ron Chestnut, CPE at SLACDr. Dan Dietrich, Livermore.

(Metcalf student who did thesis with van de Graaff)

Dr. Phil Goldstone, Los Alamos

The lab ski trip

Igloo 101

Prof. Steve Rolston, Assoc. Chairman, Univ of Md.Fred Raab, head of the

LIGO Hanford Observatory (Metcalf student)

Prof. Partha Chowdhury, Univ of Mass. Lowell

Ehud Dafni, VP Business Development, CMT

Prof. Gunter Schatz, Univ. Konstanz

Dr. John Noe, Laser Teaching Center

• Friedlander Panel on Future of Nuclear Science NAS/NRC, 1975–77 recommends that two University Van de Graaffs should get “booster accelerators”

• Peter Paul motivates the group to compete for one of these two.

• Collaboration initiated with Cal Tech to build a superconducting LINAC at Stony Brook(Wecould not buy LINAC like vdG)

• Paul and Sprouse stop physics research to devote full time to the project

To expedite the transfer of the superconducting resonator technology to Stony Brook, Sprouse spends a semester at Cal Tech. Whose car is this??

Collaboration with Cal Tech to build superconducting resonators

• There were competing development proposals to NSF from: – Stanford(Hanna, Glavish and Ben Zvi)– Stony Brook(Paul and Sprouse)

• Stony Brook won!

Ilan BenZvi, Director of the Accelerator Test Facility, BNL

Testing the Prototype superconducting resonator with beam

Next step: Test a prototype module containing 3 resonators

What is the difference between these two proposals?

The advanced computer control system of the accelerator was developed primarily by a PhD. Student

Dr. Alfred Scholldorf,VP for development at Reuters

Joseph M. Brennan,AGS Department, BNL

Mike Brennan and Chen Chia-erh,

work on the beam sweeper

Chen later becomes President of Beijing

University and President of the Chinese Physical

Society

Linac room before

400 W Helium Refrigerator Installation

Professor Miriam Rafailovich, Director, Garcia Center, Materials Science Department, Stony Brook

Helium gas storage tank delivery

Installation of Bob McGrath’s scattering chamber “big mac”

Linac room before

Linac room after

• SCIENCE Volume 291, Number 5506, 9 Feb 2001, p. 962. Copyright © 2001 by The American Association for the Advancement of Science.

• NUCLEAR PHYSICS:Nuclei Crash Through The Looking-Glass

• David Voss• Gloves do it. Toupees do it. Even twists of DNA

do it. And now, for the first time, physicists have discovered that atomic nuclei come in right- and left-handed models, too. In the 5 February issue of Physical Review Letters (PRL), a team of researchers from the State University of New York (SUNY), Yale, the University of Tennessee, and Notre Dame reports observations of rapidly spinning nuclei morphing into mirror-image forms. In the process, the physicists also uncovered solid evidence that a long-disputed feature of nuclear anatomy really does exist.

Starosta, Fossan, Koike, LaFosse, Beausang, and Vaman

Nuclear Lifetimes of Fr Isotopes(work done with Luis Orozco, now at UMd.)

1.E-08

1.E-06

1.E-04

1.E-02

1.E+00

1.E+02

1.E+04

201

205

209

213

217

221

225

229

Isotope

Life

time(

seco

nds)

Made at Stony Brook Boulder

Francium Atomic Level Scheme(work done with Luis Orozco, now at UMd.)

9s

Still unknown

Found at Stony Brook

8s

8p3/28p1/2

7p1/2

6d5/2

6d3/2

7s

53.48 +- 0.33 ns

107.53±0.90 ns. 83.5±1.5 ns

trapping transition718 nm

149.3±3.5 ns

7p3/2

7d3/2

7d5/2

29.45+-0.11 ns

21.02+-0.11 ns

73.60+-0.3 ns

67.7+-2.9 ns

Dave Fossan Bob McGrath Gene Sprouse

Lin Lee Peter Paul

Aniko Paul Dot Lee Carolyn McGrathAnn Fossan H’y Sprouse

DAVID B. FOSSAN (1934-2003)

21 Ph.D. students, 17 postdoctorates,260 refereed publications

First recipient of “Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in Research and Creative Activity”

1. Neutron Total Cross Sections of Be, 10B, B, C and O, D.B. Fossan and R.L. Walter, W.E. Wilson and H.H. Barschall, Phys. Rev. 123, 209 (1961).

• 2. Differential Cross Sections for the T(p,n)3He Reaction, W.E. Wilson, • R.L. Walter and D.B. Fossan, Nucl. Phys. 27, 421 (1961). • 3. Rotational-State Lifetimes, D.B. Fossan and B. Herskind, Phys. Letters 2, 155 (1962). • 4. Half-Lives of Two Excited States in 172Yb, B. Herskind and D.B. Fossan, Nucl. Phys. 40, 489

(1963). • 5. Half-Lives of First Excited 2+ States (150<A<190), D.B. Fossan and B. Herskind, Nucl. Phys. 40,

24 (1963). • 6. Protons from the 63Cu(p,p) Reaction, N. Cindro, D.B. Fossan and D. Zastavnikovic, Nucl. Phys. 50,

281 (1964). • 7. Small-Angle Elastic Scattering of Neutrons and the Electric Polarizability of the Neutron,

D.B. Fossan and M. Walt, Phys. Rev. Letters 12, 672 (1964). • .• .

• .• 259. Signature inversion in doubly odd 124La H. J. Chantler, E. S. Paul, A. J. Boston, C. J. Chiara,

P. T. W. Choy, A. Fletcher, D. B. Fossan, R. V.F. Janssens, N. S. Kelsall, T. Koike, D. R. LaFosse, P. J. Nolan, D. G. Sarantites, D. Seweryniak, J. F. Smith, K. Starosta, R. Wadsworth, and A. N. Wilson, Phys. Rev. C 66, 014311 (2002)

• 260. Observation of excited states in the near-drip-line nucleus 125Pr A.N.Wilson, D.R.LaFosse, J.F.Smith, C.J.Chiara, A.J.Boston, M.P.Carpenter, H.J.Chantler, R.Charity, P.T.W.Choy, M.Devlin, A.M.Fletcher, D.B.Fossan, R.V.F.Janssens, D.G.Jenkins, N.S.Kelsall, F.G.Kondev, T.Koike, E.S.Paul, D.G.Sarantites, D.Seweryniak, K.Starosta, and R.Wadsworth, Phys.Rev. C66 , 021305 (2002)

Dave Fossan, one of the creators of “Gammasphere”

NSF Funding of Nuclear Structure Laboratory

$0

$1,000,000

$2,000,000

1965

1968

1971

1974

1977

1980

1983

1986

1989

1992

1995

1998

2001

2004

2007

Year

Fund

ing/

year

∫ = $41.2Μ

Department Visiting Committee Comments on Nuclear Physics

The Future:Linac:

Beijing Atomic Energy Institute wishes to acquire the LINAC as a booster for their tandem.Van de Graaff:

MARIACHI (Cosmic ray detectors for outreach to high schools)

Tandem Teaching Lab (experiments for advanced laboratory, and C14 dating for outreach)

Detector Research and Development

A. Deshpande, A. Drees, T.K. Hemmick, B. Jacak, M. Marx

Mariachi Workshops

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

• AMS is well established for 14C, 10Be, 26Al, 36Cl, 41Ca, 129I.

• 14C is the familiar “dating” isotope for biological samples.

• Living materials contain 14C/12C~10-12

• After death, ratio decays t1/2=5730 yr• Accelerator used to strip ions to +3 charge state,

eliminating molecules.• 12C via beam current, 14C via count rate

Proposed Lab Layout:

Grad Lab

14C

MARIACHI

Winder

Det R&D

Concluding remarks• Alec Pond’s vision has largely been realized:

The purchase of the Van de Graaff was one of several statements that Stony Brook intended to be a major research university.

• Peter Paul’s vision to go after the LINAC has paid off well.

• Peter also played a pivotal role in securing RHIC for BNL.

• The Van de Graaff will continue as a productive educational and outreach tool.

Personal remarks• Came to Stony Brook, January 1970• Will go on 5 year leave, starting January 2007 to

become Editor in Chief of the American Physical Society.

• I have worked hard for Stony Brook, and Stony Brook has been good to me. I’ve enjoyed my interactions with my colleagues and the outstanding SB students, especially the last 4 years teaching Honors Physics 141-2.

• My new job is different, with new challenges, and I’m excited about taking them on.

The EndThe EndFor material used in this presentation, many thanks to:For material used in this presentation, many thanks to:

Peter Kahn, Lin Lee, and John Peter Kahn, Lin Lee, and John NoeNoe