A. What is Matter? Matter is anything that has mass.

*All matter is made up of atoms!

A. What is an Atom?

i. An Atom is the smallest particle of an element

ii. Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. Kind of Like Wood or bricks

are the building blocks for houses.

B. What is an Element?

An element is a substance made of like atoms. An element cannot be broken down into a simpler substance. Ex. Oxygen

A compound is a pure substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined. Ex. NaCl

A.3 basic subatomic particles make up an atom:

i. Protonsii.Neutronsiii.Electrons

8

OOxygen

15.9994

Atomic number

Element symbol

Element name Atomic

mass

Always look at the key for each periodic table used.

1.Atomic number - is the number of protons Also the number of electrons in a

neutral atom2. . Atomic mass- is the sum of the

protons and neutrons in an atom.

1. Atomic Mass: Add what two things?2. Atomic Number: is the number of what

two things?

1. Atomic Mass: Add what two things?

Protons + Neutrons = Atomic Mass(Remember: Pete and Ned from the Atoms family!)

2. Atomic Number: is the number of what two things?

Protons and Electrons (Remember: P.E.)

E. The Number of Neutrons in an Atom

1. To find the number of neutrons in an atom subtract the protons from the Atomic Mass (Rounded):

Neutrons= Big number – Small number

Ex. To find the number of neutrons in a Carbon atom you would

subtract the Atomic Mass (12) - Atomic number

(6) this = 6 neutrons

B. Protons and Neutrons combine to make up an atoms nucleus

The electrons (-) move around the outside of the nucleus of an atom. 1. They are in:

Energy LevelsShellsElectron Cloud

The model of an atom is very complex. Therefore, Scientists use the Bohr model to represent an atom.

Pn

Protons: (+) positive charge

Neutrons: (=) neutral charge

Electrons: (-) negative charge

e

Each ring can hold a set amount of electrons.

The First ring can hold 2 electronsAll the other rings can hold 8

electrons

pn

2e

8e

18e 32e

P6n6

2e

1. Get your binder.2. Write down the Learning objective and success criteria.

Thanks!

“Do Now (Please)”

Key Point #1Physical properties: They don't Change what the substance is and we can see them. Examples:

Density – Amount of matter per volume

Boiling Point/Melting PointMalleability- Bendable or Brittle - Breakable

Luster- shiny like chromeState of Matter

1. Solid- this has a definite volume and shape.

2. Liquid- this has a definite volume but no definite shape

3. Gas- this does not have a definite volume or shape.

4. Plasma- these particles shake violently at high temperatures. Is not a solid or a liquid.

Key Point #2Chemical properties: The ability of a substance to chemically react.Examples:

Valence Electrons –Electrons on outside

Reactivity – How much an element wants to react

If properties are the same, then substances are similar.

If not then they are different.

Key Point #3

•Mixtures are physical blends of matter.

•Mixtures are not chemical compounds.

•They can be separated by physical means.

•The different physical properties of the matter are used to separate them (such as Boiling and Freezing Points, and Density).

Distillation: what’s it for & how does it work?In the flask on the left is a MIXTURE, of SALT WATER. The salt is mixed into the water, but it is not a new chemical compound.

•Solubility means salt dissolves in water•Because salt and water have different physical properties we can separate them using their different boiling points.

Distillation

Heating the salt water to 102ºC, the water boils into steam.

The salt would require MUCH MORE heat to vaporize so the salt is left behind in the round bottomed flask.

The MIXTURE IS NOW SEPARATED. Using differences in physical properties to separate a mixture.

You can separate iron filings from sand just by using a magnet.

•FILTERS can separate mixtures too, but they can only remove solids from liquids.

Here it looks liked chopped fruit is being filtered and only the Juice will end up in the beaker.

Mixtures like salt water, or coffee (which are both SOLUTIONS) cannot be filtered apart, you need to distill them.

Matter is either a substance or a mixture. 1. Substance-a particular kind of matter.

Ex. Gold

Mixture-a combination of two or more kinds of matter that can be separated by physical means. Ex. Salad

You will make a model of an atom You may draw your atom (use

construction paper, pens, crayons, etc)You may use paper plates and beans

(which will represent the atom’s protons, electrons, and neutrons)

Make sure to place each part of the atom in it’s correct place

*WHEN YOU’RE DONE: pick up a “on the Inside” worksheet-complete (p70)

Explain the difference between periods and families on the periodic table (you may use your homework!)

What are the three parts of an atom? What are their charges and locations in an atom?

Get out your homework, “Organizing the Elements” to turn in for a grade

A. The periodic table is table/chart in which the elements are arranged in the order of increasing atomic numbers.

B. The periodic table was developed by a Russian chemist named Dmitri Mendeleev.

iii. A molecule is the smallest unit of any covalent substance that can exist alone and still show the properties of that substance.

A molecule may be formed by two or more atoms of the same element. Ex. Water has 2 molecules

of hydrogen and 1 oxygen.

Find the electron rings of the following elements.

LiK

Hint: Find out how many electrons each element has first! (What can you look at?...)

Find the electron rings of the following elements.

Li =Atomic # 3

K=Atomic # 19

P3n4

2 1e

P19n20

2e8e

9e

Key Point #1The number of energy levels and

number of electrons on the last ring of any given element determines it position on the period table.

Key Point #2 (Groups)-the vertical columns on the

periodic table made up of elements that have similar chemical properties. The elements in any group have the same number of electrons in their outer energy levels.

Key Point #3Each horizontal row on the periodic table is

called a period. Elements in a period are not alike. They have different properties. However, the elements in a period have the same number of energy levels.

Complete your bell ringer questions if you can

BONUS Question 1: what are the three parts of an atom (include their charges and locations)

BONUS Question 2:Draw a Bohr model of a lithium atom (where do the electrons go?)

BONUS Question 3: How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?

1. Atomic Mass: Add what two things?2. Atomic Number: is the number of what

two things?

1. Atomic Mass: Add what two things?

Protons + Neutrons = Atomic Mass(Remember: Pete and Ned from the Atoms family!)

2. Atomic Number: is the number of what two things?

Protons and Electrons (Remember: P.E.)

What type of Ions do Alkali Metals form and what is their charge?

What type of Ions do Halogens form and what is their charge?

Why do you think Alkali Metals are so reactive?Write you answer in your binder.

Turn and talk to your neighbor about why you think they are so reactive.

Octet rule says that atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons so as to have eight electrons in their outer electron shell

Draw a Bohr Model of Fluorine in your binder

Now Turn and Talk to your neighbor about how you think it could get a full Octet.

Here is a little secret. Atoms are lazy and will do the easiest thing to get a full outer shell.

Where could Flourine get one electron from?

A. Ion-is a charged particle. In an ion the number of protons and the number of electrons are not equal.

B. Cations and Anions

1. Cations- have a positive charge.

Does this mean it has more electrons than protons or less?

2.Anions-have a negative charge

More or less?

C. An atom likes to be equal so that it can remain neutral. Therefore, an ionic bond is formed when oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other.

Na +1 Cl -1

NaClMg +2 I -1 I -1MgI2

0

0

You will make a model of an atom You may draw your atom (use

construction paper, pens, crayons, etc)You may use paper plates and beans

(which will represent the atom’s protons, electrons, and neutrons)

Make sure to place each part of the atom in it’s correct place

*WHEN YOU’RE DONE: pick up a worksheet-complete from the front

Come to the front of the room and pick up a “Periodic Table” question sheet

Answer all of the questions using the class copy of the periodic table (it’s on legal paper-long paper) DO NOT WRITE on this periodic table