A work by : Miguel Aguilar Janita

Daniel Barrena GonzálezManuel Pérez Cabezas

Ecology

DEFORESTATIONDeforestation is the removal of forest, normally due

to human activities. Around 13 million of hectares of trees disappear

every year (the size of Costa Rica). Another problem is the massive destruction of the

rainforests of the world, where, the 70% of all organism, 90% of our relatives, the primates, live in them.

THE CAUSES OF DEFORESTATIONAre: we use wood for building materials, furniture,

and other paper products. Forest are also cleared to urban areas, including roads, to grow crops and to create new grazing land.

Its main consequences:

1- Erosion of soil: when there is rainfall, the water washes away the rest of nutrients.

2- Loss of biodiversity.

3- Climate Change: the forest absorb and store great amounts of water when there are heavy rains. But when forest are cut down, there are altering periods of flood and then drought in the affected area.

THE CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION

EROSION OF SOIL CLIMATE CHANGE

LOSS OF BIODIVERSITYBiodiversity refers to the number of different species

of living things that live in a specific area. Tropical rainforests, which are high biodiversity

areas, occupy only the 6% of the Earth’s surface, and in them live more than 50% of all species.

About 50 to 100 species of animals are being lost each day in the world (10,000 species each year).

Main factors responsible for this rapid loss are:

1- Deforestation

2- Overexploitation of animal species due to fishing, hunting, or reduction of natural habitat.

3- Climate change: animals and plants cannot adapt to the new conditions.

LOSS OF BIODIVERSITYTROPICAL RAINFORESTS

OVEREXPLOITATION OF ANIMAL SPECIES

SOME SOLUTION TO RAINFOREST DESTRUCTION

Use different agricultural practices, so forests are not cut to free space up for crops.

Eliminate logging in the rainforest by providing financial assistance to poor countries as a substitute for income previously obtained from timber.

Create animal reserves where animal cannot be caught and hunted.

Reduce greenhouse gases to prevent temperatures from rising.

Desertification is a type of land degradation in which a relatively dry land region becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife

WHY? :

A. Deforestation

B. Soil contamination

C. The loss of nutrients

D. Water scarcity

E. Soil erosion

Desertification

Lake Chad in a 2001 satellite image, with the actual lake in blue. The lake has shrunk by 95% since the 1960s

Datas 35% of the earth surface can be considered as desert areas

Spain is the EU country with a maximum rate of desertification.

Reforestation Organic FertilizersReduction of pollutionCrop Rotation

Fight against desertification

Acoustic pollution is displeasing or excessive noise that may disrupt the activity or balance of human or animal life.

Day : +65 Decibels Effects: 1-Hearing problemsNight : +50 Decibels 2-Cardiovascular p.

3-Sleep disturbance 4-Mental Disorders

Acoustic Pollution

44%

14%

3%

6%

12%

2%

3%

5%

11%

Urban Acoustic Pollution

Personal carsmotorcyclesUrban Works pedestriansheavy vehiclesGarbage collectionventilation Car hornOthers

Acoustic Pollution

Reduction of all the points we have talked before

Noise barriers on roadways

Alteration of roadways surface

Promote the protection of the ears

Reduction of acoustic pollution

Consist on emitting artificial light into the environment.

Effects:• Alteration of natural balance between day and

night.• Sleep disorders• Stress• Eye diseases

Luminous Pollution

Water pollution

Types of water pollutionOrganic compounds , from power stations ,

boats or some waste of industries , such as phenols, hydrocarbons, detergents, etc.. Produce water eutrophication due to a decrease in oxygen concentration, as it allows the development of living organisms and these consume O2.

How we can change this?For example , some of this substances could

be recycled and them used to other purposeOther idea is to store this substances in

tanks, the problem of this idea is where you can store all this waste substances…

Air pollutionPollutants from traffic: gases and particles

emitted by cars and other vehicles include a complex mixture of many pollutants. Material erosion of the roads, as well as the wear of the tires and brakes can also produce contaminants.

How we can change this problem?today, we can say that everyone has a car. But

increasingly, the motorsports industry takes electric car models, if in the future this percentage increases, this problem may disappear.

meanwhile, we can help by using more public transports or not using the car for short journeys