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In The Name of God
INTRODUCTION TO CRYOGENIC
STORAGE TANKS
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Applicable code
Storage Tank Design
ATM
AWWA
API 650
P<2.5 Psi
BS 2654
EN 14015
LPS
API 620
2.5 < P < 15 Psi
EN 14620
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GRYOGENIC STORAGE TANK
TYPES OF STORAGEREFRIGERATED STORAGEPRESSURIZED STORAGEATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE STORAGE
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BUTANE-0.5
BUTADIENE-4.5
LIQUFIED GASES
AMMONIA-33
PROPANE-42
ETHANE-88
PROPYLENE-47
ETHYLENE-103
METHANE-161
LNG-162NITROGEN
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Cryogenic tank code history
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Types of cryogenic tank
SINGLE CONTAINMENT
DOUBLE CONTAINMENT
FULL CONTAINMENT
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SINGLE CONTAINMENT
1 primary container (steel)
①
3 foundation
③
4 foundation heating system
④
6 roof (steel)
⑥
7 loose fill insulation
⑦
8 outer steel shell (not capable of containing liquid)
⑧
9 bund wall
⑨
2 bottom insulation
②
5 suspended roof (insulated)
⑤
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DOUBLE CONTAINMENT
2 secondary container (steel or concrete)
②
4 foundation
④
5 foundation heating system
⑤
6 suspended roof (insulated)
⑥
7 roof (steel)
⑦
8 loose fill insulation
⑧
1 primary container (steel)
①
9 outer shell (not capable of containing liquid)
⑨
10 cover (rain shield)
⑩
3 bottom insulation
③
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8 loose fill insulation
FULL CONTAINMENT
1 primary container (steel)2 secondary container (steel)3 bottom insulation4 foundation5 foundation heating system
6 suspended roof (insulated)7 roof (steel)
9 concrete roof10 pre-stressed concrete outer tank(secondary container)
③④
⑥
⑦
⑧
⑨②
⑤
①
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FULL CONTAINMENT
2.5 〜 3 km
CREDIBLE SPILL (by EN1473) for SINGLE CONTAINMENT
VAPOUR DISPERSION SCENARIO
Tank Complete Failure
Plant fence
Public FacilitiesVapor
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FULL CONTAINMENT
800 m
CREDIBLE SPILL (by EN1473) for DOUBLE CONTAINMENT,
Roof Collaspe
Plant fence
Public Facilities
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FULL CONTAINMENT
CREDIBLE SPILL (by EN1473) for FULL CONTAINMENT
PRV
Plant fence
Public Facilities
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API Subcommittee
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Cryogenic storage tank general section
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Performance criteria
The tank shall be designed so that:
Under normal operating conditions, the liquid and the vapour is contained;
It can be filled and emptied at the specified rates;
Boil-off is controlled and in exceptional cases can be relieved to flare or vent;
Pressure operating range specified is maintained;
Ingress of air and moisture is prevented, except in exceptional cases when the vacuum relief valves have to be used;
Boil-off is as specified and condensation/frost on the external surface is minimised. Frost heave of the foundation shall be prevented;
Tank shall resist seismic forces;
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Specials in cryogenic storage tank
Mechanical design
Thermal design
Boil off rate
Insulation
Foundation
Frost heave
Roll over
Cool down
In tank pump
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Thermal design & insulation
DIRECT
GROUND REFLECTION
DIFFUSE
WIND
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Expansion bellows
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Insulation MATERIALS
Insulation
Base
Perlite block
Mineral wool
Hard wood
Foam glass
Wall
Loose perlite PUF
Roof
FiberglassLoose perlite
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Insulation (Perlite blocks)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 10 20 30 40 50
com
pres
sive
str
engt
h kg
/cm
2
day
0.3125
0.4375Perlite Cement Ratio
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Insulation (Loose perlite)
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Foundation type selection
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THERE ARE TWO DISTINCT TYPES OF BASE SLAB
ON GROUND TYPE
ElEVATED TYPE
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Foundation type selection
On ground type-Good soil condition required.-Concrete slab required-Electric heaters are installed
into the slab to avoid frost heave.
-Small initial investment-Large running cost
Elevated type- Poor soil condition- Piles are required- Large initial investment- Small maintenance cost - Elevated height is around
1.0 m to 1.5 m
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Foundation
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heating system
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Cool down procedure (Cool down ring)
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Cool down procedure (Cool down ring)
VENTED GAS LNG
BOG
SPRAY RING
-Very Sudden change of metal temperature.-Large temperature gradient between neighbor points.
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Cool down procedure (Cool down spray)
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Cool down procedure (Cool down spray)
VENTED GAS LNG
BOG
SPRAY RING
-Slow change of metal temperature.-Low temperature gradient between neighbor points.
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IN TANK PUMP
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Thank You
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