a - ybd.yildiz.edu.tr · web viewnowadays, storytelling has become a very important practice...

YILDIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITYSCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES WEEK 15 (May 25-May 29)

2014-2015 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL (REVISION)

A/B/C LEVEL TEACHERS’ COPY

A. Find the sentences which is closest in meaning to the given one.

1. The Van cat enjoys swimming whereas most cats don’t.a) Similar to most cats the Van cat doesn’t like to swim.b) Different from other animals, the Van cat enjoys swimming.c) Most cats do not enjoy swimming, however, the Van cat does.d) Unlike most cats, the Van cat does not like to swim.

2. Both mental and physical undevelopment are a result of the lack of food.a) Lack of nutrition causes both a decrease in growth of mental and physical conditions only in

children.b) Although people obtain food easily, there may be mental and physical underdevelopment.c) The scarcity of food results in the development of either the mental or physical status of

people.d) Underdevelopment in both mental and physical states can occur due to

insufficient nutrition.

3. Unless the authorities take the necessary precautions, the problems in traffic will remain as they are now.

a) If you don’t want to have any problems in traffic, then you have to refuse to take the necessary precautions.

b) The authorities are more willing to take precautions than they were before.c) In order to solve the problem in traffic, the authorities will have to take the

necessary precautions.d) The authorities want to take precautions, but they don’t want to take any responsibilities.

4. People have known about the unusual qualities of liquid crystals for years, but have not used them in daily life till recently.

a) Although people hadn’t known about the properties of liquid crystals for years, they have only started using them recently.

b) Since people have known about the qualities of liquid crystals for years, they have long been using them in daily life.

c) Although people have used liquid crystals for years, their benefits have only been understood.

d) Even though the properties of liquid crystals have been known for many years, the usage of them for daily life has only recently been started.

5. She realized the danger she had been in only after she had read the newspaper the following morning.a) Although she was aware of the danger, she didn’t get frightened.b) She realized what kind of dangers one might have had when she was reading a paper.c) When she read the newspaper, she found herself in a danger she had already realized.d) She was lucky that she had survived the danger as the papers expressed.e) She hadn’t been aware of the danger she was in until she read the newspaper.

6. We won't be getting married until we have had enough money.a) We will marry when we have had enough money.

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b) We won't be married although we have enough money.c) We won't marry even when we have had enough money.d) We will get married because we have enough money.e) We will marry before we start to earn money.

7. I had known that my mother was sick as a result of a failing kidney, but I had not realized how much trouble my parents were having in dealing with that sickness.

a) Although I had known that my mother was suffering from a failing kidney, I had not realized my parents’ problems caused by this illness.b) In my childhood I didn’t know my mother’s sickness, so I couldn’t realize how much trouble my parents had.c) When I learned my mother’s sickness which was the result of a failing kidney, I realized the pain my mother had.d) I hadn’t realized the problems they had to deal with until my parents told me about my mother’s illness.e) My parents never realized how much trouble I had to understand my mother’s illness.

8. Large cigars have been smoked in Cuba since the sixteenth century, but only a few are manufactured for export.a) Although large cigars have been smoked since the sixteenth century in Cuba,

not many of them are produced for export.b) Cuba has been exporting large cigars to foreign markets since the sixteenth century but

nevertheless only a few people know this fact.c) In the sixteenth century large cigars were produced in Cuba not only for inland use but

also for export.d) Cuba has been producing large cigars since the sixteenth century however they are not

sold in export.e) Although large cigars have been manufactured in Cuba for a very long time, it was not

until the sixteenth century that they were introduced to foreign markets.

9. I have to say that I have never been as comfortable as my brother when telling people what I think.a) I have never tried to be as comfortable as my brother in telling people what I think.b) Both my brother and I are comfortable with frankly telling people what they need to know.c) My brother is less comfortable than me in expressing himself and saying what he feels.d) My brother has always been more comfortable than me in telling people what he thinks about them.e) I have noticed that my brother has never been comfortable when telling people what he thinks.

10. From time to time there are things we do even though we think they are wrong. a) Sometimes we might do things that are considered wrong.b) We often do things because we think they are the right things to do at the time.c) It is not possible to do everything right in life.d) We can never be sure if all the things we do are right.e) Although we feel that the things we sometimes do are not right, we

nevertheless do them.

11. Today there is hardly any time for storytelling in homes, whereas it was a life style in the past.

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a) Unlike in the past, in our modern world, time is really limited, however, people can still find time for storytelling.

b) Today hardly anyone knows how important storytelling was in the past since everybody is busy with their own lives.

c) Storytelling, which once was a vital part of life, has become significantly less common in the modern era due to lack of time.

d) Although many people can hardly find time for anything other than work, storytelling is still as important as it was in the past.

e) Nowadays, storytelling has become a very important practice since it gives us ideas about the life in the past.

12. Sometimes what is best for society is not always good for an individual living in that society.

a) From time to time, there is a conflict between the benefits of a society and an individual living in that society.

b) Individuals not always seek for the best of the society they live in.c) It is impossible for an individual to accept the rules of the society he or she lives in.d) What is best for individuals is always suitable for the society they live in.e) If everyone acted in his or her own best interest, there wouldn't be any conflict within the

society.

13. Because of his innocent face, it is difficult even today to believe he was a criminal although it had been certainly proven.a) It is really surprising how he hurt somebody.b) Today it is possible to understand why people didn't want to believe that he was guilty as

he had an innocent face.c) If it had been proven that he was guilty, they would believe that he was a criminal.d) It doesn't necessarily mean that criminals can't have an innocent look.e) Despite the fact that he was proven to be a criminal, his innocent face makes it

difficult to believe that.

14. The twins resemble each other so much that I can never tell which is which.a) Although the twins do not look like each other I cannot name them easily.b) I cannot tell the twins apart because I don’t know them well enough.c) It is impossible for me to identify the twins because they look very much like

one another.d) I can never tell the twins anything as they like each other so much.e) The twins are similar to each other but I can easily name them.

15. She didn't eat anything but small pieces of bread and butter. a) She ate small pieces of bread and butter but didn't like them. b) She only ate some small pieces of bread and butter. c) She didn't eat anything, not even the bread and butter. d) She didn't touch the bread and butter, but she ate other things.

e) She ate neither bread nor butter.

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16. I can't stand his talking foolishly when everybody talks about something in a serious way. a) I can't understand him when he talks foolishly.b) Everybody talks seriously when he talks foolishly.c) I hate him talking foolishly when people talk seriously.d) Everybody hates him talking foolishly.e) I don't mind his talking foolishly when everybody talks seriously

B. Find the sentence that completes each paragraph.

1. Women suffer from depression twice as often as men do according to various studies. This extraordinary difference may seem to indicate that men lack feelings, however, that is not the case. It’s true that women can tolerate tiredness, stress and loneliness associated with bringing up children, however, the higher suicide rate shows that they suffer and cannot manage the situation. ………………………………….. . Women express their feelings in the form of depression, while men are more likely to get addicted to alcohol, drugs or violent crimes.

a) Women neglect their husbands who end up feeling lonely.

b) Women and men have different ways of dealing with negative emotions.

c) Men and women keep their negative feelings to themselves.

d) Men are better at facing the problems than women.

2. …………………………………… . It is during this time that children have long summer holidays and spend lots of time doing outdoor activities. This means that they are at greater risk of over-exposure than adults. Children’s skin is very sensitive to sunburn so just one case of severe sunburn during childhood is thought to double the risk of developing skin cancer in later life.

a) Children like to play outside in the midday sun without some form of protection.

b) Light clothes provide protection for children from strong sunlight.

c) It’s known that children are more likely to get skin cancer than adults.

d) It’s thought that about half our total lifetime’s sun exposure happens during childhood.

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3. ………………………………….. . The first type is product advertising, which is designed to sell a definite product. It usually describes the product’s features and good qualities and it may even emphasize its price. The second type is institutional advertising. This type tries to create a favourable attitude toward the company offering to sell a product. It may not influence immediate sales but it tries to increase the sales in the long-run.

a) All of us have been influenced to buy certain products because of some forms of advertising.

b) Advertising can be classified into certain types, according to its use and purpose.

c) To determine the effectiveness of advertising its results should be evaluated.

d) The success of advertising is connected with both the message and the medium selected.

4. The term ‘aromatheraphy’ was invented by Rene Maurice Gatefosse in 1928. ………………………………… . Each one of these essential oils has its own aroma and therapeutic ability to treat a number of common health problems. A few drops are diluted in water and are then either breathed or gently applied to the skin by massaging.

a) The people who have tried ‘aromatheraphy’ say that it’s a wonder for depression and pains.

b) Aromatheraphy relaxes the patient and reduces the effects of stress.

c) It is basically defined as the art of extracting aromatic essences from plants to make essential oils that are good for the body and mind.

d) There are still many people who don’t believe in the useful effects of aromatheraphy.

5. …………….………………… . This involves taking a gene from one organism, such as a microbe or a human cell, and planting it in another organism, such as a bacterium. Gene transplanting offers remarkable possibilities for the present, and the limitless possibilities for the future.

a) During the past ten years, genetic engineers have developed the process of gene transplantation.

b) In the life sciences today, the study of genetics has prevented many people from dying.

c) A cell is the basic unit of structure in animals and plants.

d) Medicine is not the only area affected by genetic engineering.

e) To understand genetic engineering, we must first understand cells, genes and chromosomes.

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6. If you want to avoid cancer, become a gypsy. …………………………….. . This is the result of a recent study in Britain which provides support for the theory that cancer is primarily a ‘disease of location’. Another factor is perhaps the low-stress lifestyle of gypsies-no debts or routine jobs to worry about.

a) Because cancer can’t be completely cured yet.

b) The disease is almost unknown to these travelling families even though they ignore all warnings about smoking and drinking.

c) Because gypsies travel all around the world, but sometimes aren’t liked by the people of the place where they go.

d) Gypsies usually live a hard life and make various things to earn their living.

e) Cancer is not a fear of gypsies because they know how to cure it.

7. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is one of the greatest composers that Europe has ever had. He was born in Austria in 1756, and showed talent in music at an extremely young age. …………………………… . By the age of seven he had composed many pieces.

a) He is well-known throughout the world.

b) He wrote his first piece of music when he was only five.

c) His mother didn’t want him to be a musician.

d) He was very naughty like most children of his age.

e) His death because of an epidemic disease when he was thirty-five shocked everyone.

8. …………………………………. . They can become experts at holding their breath under water even before they can walk. Babies of two months old do not appear to be reluctant to enter the water. In such a short time, they get so accustomed to swimming that they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool.

a) Scientists believe that the nine months spent in the womb ‘floating’ in ‘water’ is the reason why babies have no initial fear of water.

b) The younger you are when you start swimming; the more successful you will be at it.

c) Swimming-pools in many countries now run special mother and baby sessions.

d) Experiments have proved that children can learn swimming at a very early age.

e) Summer schools provide plenty of activities for children of all ages.

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C. Fill in the blanks with the correct option.

I. People are not so honest as they once (1)________. The temptation (2)________ is greater than ever before- especially in large shops. A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings. One Monday morning, there were (3)_________ people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her. The woman first bought a few small articles. After a little time, she chose (4)_________ dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. Then the woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop (5)_________ . When she was arrested, the detective found out that the shop-assistant was her daughter. The girl gave her mother a free dress once a week!

1. a) were b) have been c) are d) had been e) would be2. a) stealing b) steal c) to steal d) of stealing e) to be stolen3. a) only a few b) a lot of c) fewer d) some e) very few4. a) an expensive b) very expensive c) only one

expensived) the most expensive e) one of the most expensive

5. a) no paying b) after paying c) just paying d) without paying e) having paid

II. Last Christmas, the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, decided to take some presents to a children’s hospital. Dressed up (1)_______ Father Christmas and accompanied by a ‘guard of honour’ of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city (2)_________ a baby elephant called Jumbo. He (3)________ that the police would never allow this sort of thing. A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he should have gone along a side-street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic. (4)________ Jimmy agreed to go at once, Jumbo refused to move. Fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street. The police had a difficult time, but they were most amused. ‘Jumbo must weigh a few tons,’ said a policeman afterwards, ‘so it was fortunate that we (5)________ him. Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.’

1. a) like b) for c) in d) on e) as2. a) while riding b) on riding c) riding d) that he rode e) for he

was riding3. a) must have known b) should have known c) had to know

d) is supposed to have known e) couldn’t know

4. a) since b) although c) if d) in spite of e) besides5. a) didn’t have to carry b) shouldn’t have carried c) needn’t have

carriedd) were able to carry e) couldn’t have carried

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III. The extremes of weather occur over a short period of time and can severely affect health. Poorer communities are (1)________ vulnerable to the health impact of climate variability than rich ones. Of approximately 80,000 deaths (2)________ occur world-wide each year as a result of natural disasters about 95℅ of (3)________ are in poor countries. In weather-triggered disasters people and animals die; homes, crops and resources are destroyed; public health infrastructure (4)_________ .

1. a) enough b) too c) so d) much more e) almost2. a) which b) where c) when d) these e) what3. a) their b) it c) them d) its e) they’re4. a) is damaging b) damages c) can damage d) has damaged e) is damaged

IV. My father was very pleased when he (1)________ this house because he (2)________ to own a house by the sea. My parents (3)_________ here for twenty years now and they have never regretted (4)_________ the city. I (5)________ here at the moment because I (6)_________ some sea air. It’s wonderful. I’m sure I (7)_________ sad to leave this earthly paradise.

1. a) had bought b) bought c) has bought d) was buying2. a) had always wanted c) has always wanted

b) wants d) want

3. a) have been living b) will live c) lived d) were living4. a) leave b) to leave c) leaving d) left5. a) have stayed b) stay c) am staying d) have been staying6. a) need b) needed c) needs d) had needed7. a) am going to be b) am c) will be d) was going to be

V. Life on the farm

I was (1) __________ by my uncle and aunt and (2) _________ on a small farm in the west of England. I think it was (3) _________ than living in the city, (4) _________ every day I ran about in the open air. (5) __________ I went to school, (6) _________ I did was playing on the farm all day. (7) __________ my uncle and aunt worked with the animals, and although they worked very (8) _________, they always told me (9) __________ things. They didn’t have (10) __________ money, but they (11) ___________ well with everyone, and we didn’t have (12) __________ of the problems of living in the city. I always felt (13) ____________ on the farm. There was (14) ____________ noise or

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pollution, and it was (15) ___________ peaceful. That’s probably why I became a farmer when I was older.

1 a) lived up to b) taken after c) grown up d) brought up2 a) grew up b) joined in c) turned up d) put off3 a) good b) well c) better d) best4 a) but b) because c) although d) therefore5 a) by b) nowadays c) in time d) until6 a) every b) each c) none d) all7 a) every b) both c) each d) all8 a) hardly b) harder c) hard d) hardest9 a) interests b) interesting c) interest d) interested10

a) much b) lots c) many d) too

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a) stopped off b) got on c) kept up d) broke down

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a) much b) none c) no d) any

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a) amuse b) amusing c) amused d) amusingly

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a) any b) no c) none of d) not

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a) too b) much c) really d) as

VI. Next month John (1)__________ a new job. He (2)_________ to leave his old job when his aunt, who (3)_________ a company, asked him to join her. He is sure that he (4)___________ the new job as he (5)__________ to work in business. Right now he (6)________ through the company files, so he can learn as much as possible. He (7)__________ next to an experienced accountant for the first two weeks. He hopes he will not let his aunt down as he (8)__________ in a similar post before.

1. a) is starting b) starts c) has started d) will start2. a) has decided b) decided c) had decided d) was deciding3. a) has owned b) has been owning c) had owned d) owns4. a) enjoys b) will enjoy c) is going to enjoy d) is enjoying5. a) always want b) has always wanted c) will always want d) had always

wanted6. a) goes b) is going c) will go d) has gone7. a) will work b) works c) has worked d) is going to work8. a) hadn’t worked b) hasn’t worked c) won’t work d) isn’t going to work

VII. Alan (1)__________ in the same office for ten years before he (2)_________ for another post with ‘Mask Ltd’. He (3)__________ for an answer for weeks before he was asked to attend an interview with the Personnel Manager. He (4)__________ there dressed in an expensive suit which he (5)__________ the day before, only to find out that they (6)__________ someone to work as a cleaner.

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1. a) was working b) had worked c) used to work d) have been working

2. a) was applying b) applied c) had applied d) has been applying

3. a) had waited b) has been waiting c) has waited d) used to wait4. a) had gone b) was going c) went d) would go5. a) bought b) had bought c) would buy d) was buying6. a) were needing b) need c) had needed d) needed

VIII. Dear Victoria,I’m writing to tell you about the play I (1)__________ be in. It’s called ‘Only For You’, and I’ve got the leading role. I have a lot of lines and I (2)__________ learn them before the opening night.We’re performing the play first time on Friday night. We’ve been told that a TV company (3)__________ come to film it, so I (4)__________ be on television. I (5)__________ even become famous!We (6)__________ rehearse the play every night until Friday, because everything (7)___________ be perfect for the performance. We (8)__________ make any mistakes. (9)__________ you come to the play or will you be at work? I hope you (10)___________ be able to come. If not, I’ll write and tell you how it went.I must go and learn my lines now. See you soon.Yours, Charles

1. a) am going to b) could c) can d) ought to2. a) can b) must c) should d) might3. a) has to b) should c) is able to d) may4. a) must b) could c) shall d) has to5. a) might b) should c) will d) must6. a) can b) might c) may d) have to7. a) may b) might c) shall d) must8. a) mustn’t b) can’t c) might not d) don’t have to9. a) may b) should c) must d) can10. a) may b) have to c) will d) can

IX. I’ve had a long career. If I (1)___________ to play the lead in my school play, I (2)__________ what I am today. I was only nine and I’m sure I (3)__________ nervous if I(4)_________ my parents’ support. They encouraged me to take dancing classes after that. If only I hadn’t refused . I love dance now and if I (5)___________younger, I (6)________ ballet. Apart from that, I don’t have many regrets about my career, except being away from the theatre, but I suppose if I (7)__________ in the theater more, I (8)__________ time to do so many film roles.

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1. a) hadn’t chosen b) hadn’t been chosen c) wouldn’t have chosen d) wouldn’t have been chosen

2. a) hadn’t become b) wouldn’t become c) wouldn’t have becomed) became3. a) would feel b) had felt c) felt d) would have felt4. a) wouldn’t have b) didn’t have c) wouldn’t have had d) hadn’t had5. a) would be b) will be c) am d) were6. a) would have studied b) would study c) will study d) have studied7. a) had performed b) have performed c) performed d) would perform8. a) wouldn’t have b) hadn’t had c) didn’t have d) wouldn’t have had

X. The young reporter walked up to the table where Dora Spangle was sitting and introduced himself. ‘Miss Spangle, I’m Dan Quaid from ‘Star International.’’the actress smiled up at him charmingly. ‘If I (1)_________ you were so good-looking, I’d have put on some more make-up,’ she said. ‘You’re too kind’, laughed Dan. ‘You (2)________ that if you had seen me at 7 o’clock this morning!’ ‘Probably not’,agreed Dora. ‘Now I have to leave in ten minutes. So, if I were you, I (3)__________ asking your questions.’ ‘Very well. Do you have any regrets about retiring from acting?’ asked Dan. ‘Not about retiring’, she replied. ‘ But I do wish I had played the role of Cleopatra just once in my career.’ ‘ If someone (4)_________ you the part now, would you take it?’ ‘No, it’s too late now. I’ve decided to retire and that’s final.’ ‘ What (5)__________ if you get bored?’ ‘ Oh, there’s no chance of that’ , she assured him. ‘ I might get bored if I (6)__________ all my animals to look after, though.’ ‘Do you ever wish you were married?’ Dan asked. ‘Not really’, she replied. ‘Although I probably (7)__________ John Rogers if he had asked me,’ she added sadly. ‘What if ...’ ‘I’m sorry,’ Dora interrupted. ‘ I really must go now. It’s time to feed my dogs and they get very upset if I (8)_________ late.’

1. a) had known b) knew c) know d) would know

2. a) won’t say b) wouldn’t say c) wouldn’t have said d) hadn’t said3. a) started b) will start c) would have started d) would start4. a) offers b) had offered c) offered d) have offered5. a) had you done b) have you done c) would you do d) will you do6. a) didn’t have b) hadn’t had c) haven’t had d) don’t

have7. a) would marry b) marry c) would have married d) will marry8. a) am b) will be c) were d) had been

XI. Dear Sally,How are you? We have been having a lovely time. We are being very well looked after by our hosts. We (1) _______ to some of their friends, who make us (2) _________ very welcome. Last

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night we (3) _______ around the castle, by the owner. Most of the land in this area (4) _________ to his family. The land (5) _________ to them after one of his ancestors (6)__________ while he was trying to save the king’s life. Quite romantic, isn’t it?The castle itself was a little bit disappointing, to be absolutely honest. The owner told us that it (7) _________ a great damage during a fire about thirty years before. When it (8) __________ they added central heating and things like that. So once you are in it, it does not feel much different to any other large, old houses. But the owner is a real character. He told us lots of stories about things that (9) to him when he was young. He (10) _________ abroad to work in a bank, but he hated it, so he (11) __________ very badly in order to (12) __________. He kept us laughing for hours. I have lots more to tell you when we get back.

Yours affectionately, Maurice

1 a) Introduced b) were introduced c) have been introduced

d) have introduced

2 a) felt b) to feel c) feeling d) feel3 a) were shown b) showed c) was shown d) shown4 a) belong b) is belonged c) belongs d) is belonging5 a) gave b) was given c) were given d) given6 a) was died b) killed c) was dead d) was killed7 a) suffered b) was suffered c) had suffered d) had been suffered8 a) restore b) restored c) has been restored d) was restored9 a) happened b) was happened c) happens d) had been

happened10

a) sent b) send c) was sent d) has sent

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a) behaved b) was behaved c) has been behaving d) had behaved

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a) sacked b) was sacked c) sack d) be sacked

XII. ‘Let’s spend the weekend in Scotland,’ said Andrea. ‘We can’t find a cheap bed and breakfast in the Highlands.’‘And just what are we going to do all weekend with nothing but sheep for company?’ Cathy

said.‘I’ll teach you to ski if you like’ said Andrea. ‘You know, I’m one of the best skiers in the area.’

Andrea (1)__________ spending the weekend in Scotland, (2)__________ they would be able to find a cheap bed and breakfast in the Highlands. Cathy (3)_________ what they were going to do all weekend with nothing but sheep for the company. Andrea (4)__________ to teach her how to ski. He (5)___________ that he was one of the best skiers in the area.

1. a) announced b) suggested c) reminded d) advised2. a) promising b) offering c) asking if d) adding that3. a) wanted to knowb) denied c) replied d) told4. a) refused b) promised c) offered d) admitted5. a) claimed b) announced c) wondered d) thought

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XIII. ‘James, have you written to the University of Madrid yet?’ Mr Mills said.‘No, I’m sorry, ‘ said James. ‘ I haven’t had time.’‘There’s no point in apologizing to me, James,‘said Mr Mills. ‘You see, you must apply early because they fill their places very quickly.’‘The thing is that I’m afraid I won’t pass my Spanish exam,‘ said James.‘Well, have you been working hard?’ said Mr Mills.‘Yes, I have,’ said James, ‘but I’m much better at French, and I had hoped to apply to Paris.’‘Yes, it’s true you’re better at French,’ said Mr Mills. ‘If I put your name down for the Sorbonne, will you write tonight?’‘Yes sir, I’ll write as soon as I get home,’ James promised.

Mr Mills asked James if (1)_________ written to the University of Madrid. James apologized, (2)__________ that he hadn’t had time. Mr Mills said that there was no point in apologizing to (3)___________ but he pointed out that James (4)__________ apply early because the universities filled their places very quickly. James then (5)___________ that he was afraid of not passing his Spanish exam. Mr Mills asked him if he had been working hard. James said that (6)_________ but he hoped to apply to Paris as he was much better at French. Mr Mills (7)__________ that James was better at French and (8)__________ if he would write to the Sorbonne that night if (9)_________ put his name down. James promised (10)__________ as soon as he got home.

1. a) have you b) he had c) he has d) had he2. a) announcing b) asking c) explaining d)

wondering3. a) him b) her c) me d) you4. a) has to b) have to c) has had to d) had to5. a) refused b) admitted c) asked d) explained6. a) I have b) he has c) he had d) I had7. a) agreed b) complained c) claimed d) informed8. a) suggested b) offered c) wanted to know d) promised9. a) you b) she c) I d) he10. a) to write b) having written c) to have written d) writing

XIV. Last week some painters came round to paint my house. I (1)__________ this kind of job myself, (2)_________, this time I couldn’t do it because I (3)__________ very busy for the last month. (4)__________ I called a local decorating firm and they agreed to do it for a reasonable price. Three men arrived on Monday morning while I (5)___________ breakfast and my adventure with them began. They (6)___________ the wrong color (7)____________ spilt paint all over the front door. Some of the windows were open, and some paint went inside (8)__________ house and ruined the carpet in the living room. They (9)___________ broke a window. I was (10)__________

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angry that I phoned the company to talk to the manager. He assured me that they would repaint the walls. Then I went away on business.I (11)__________ back, and I can’t believe my eyes! The walls (12)__________ a different color, but it (13)__________ still the wrong color. The men (14)____________ quite tired and my house (15)__________ terrible.

1. a) usually did b) usually have donec) usually do d) usually doing2. a) and b) so c) also d) however3. a) have been b) am c) was d) will be4. a) but b) so c) when d) as5. a) had b) was having c) had had d) have used6. a) used b) were using c) use d) have used7. a) but b) and c) so d) or8. a) a b) X c) of d) the9. a) however b) also c) such d) so10. a) so b) such c) much d) very11. a) just come b) am just coming c) have just come d) just came12. a) were b) are c) has been d) are being13. a) was b) has been c) is d) having14. a) are looking b) is looking c) looked d) look15. a) is smelling b) smells c) smelt d) was smelling

XV. David lives in a small town Newton. He (1) _______ there for many years. Newton is small but it (2) ____________ quickly and one day it (3) ________ a big city with a lot of big buildings. David (4) ________ to a school near his home. He (5) _________ his school (6) ________ he has many friends there and the teachers are (7) ________ and friendly. David (8) _________ two brothers but they (9) _________ school and they are working. One is called Harry. He (10) _________ in an office. David’s (11) ___________ brother’s name is Jim. He (12) ________ in a shop when he first left school but he did not like the work and now he (13) __________ cars. He thinks the work is very (14) _________.

1 a) had been living b) has been living c) is living d) was living2 a) is growing b) grows c) was growing d) grew3 a) will be b) can be c) has been d) was4 a) went b) go c) has gone d) goes5 a) like b) is liking c) likes d) liked6 a) now b) when c) because d) but7 a) helping b) helpful c) helpless d) help8 a) is having b) have c) had d) has9 a) left b) leave c) are leaving d) had left1 a) work b) working c) works d) worker

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011

a) more b) another c) different d) other

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a) worked b) works c) has worked d) is working

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a) repairing b) repairs c) repair d) repaired

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a) enjoyable b) enjoyed c) enjoys d) enjoying

XVI. I like travelling a lot and (1) __________ on holiday every summer. I have been to various holiday resorts and hotels so far. However, I will never forget one experience I had last month. I had never had a (2) ___________ holiday experience than that one.

Last June my friend and I (3) ___________ forward to a three-week holiday. We (4) _________ hours looking through holiday brochures by the time we decided on a luxurious hotel near a long sandy beach. From the brochure, it looked like a hotel for rich and famous people. Then, the day came and it was time to leave. The journey went (5) __________, but we were really tired (6)__________ we had been flying all morning. __________ (7) we arrived at the hotel, I felt something was wrong. There was nobody in the entrance (8) __________ looked dark and old-fashioned. We (9) ____________ wait for about half an hour before we (10)__________ our room. I had stayed at all kinds of hotels, but this time it was different. My friend was still optimistic about it and she said, ‘You (11) ____________ worry. We are on holiday. We (12) _________ relax, so (13) ____________ going to the beach and swim? After walking for about half an hour, we finally found a small stony beach (14) ___________ there was nobody except for an old man. It was (15) __________ that we were afraid to stay there, so we went back to the hotel to prepare for dinner. Dinner was another disappointment. The food tasted awful and we (16) __________ by unsmiling waiters. For the next three weeks, all we (17) _____________ think about was going home.Well, we are back now and we are still waiting for an apology from the travel company. They (18) __________ pay our money back. But (19) _____________ they do, I will save it for next year’s holiday.

1 a) go usually b) usually went c) usually go d) was going2 a) worse b) worst c) badly d) bad3 a) were looking b) was looking c) looking d) had looked4 a) have spent b) were spending c) had spent d) will spend5 a) smooth b) smoothly c) smoother d) more smooth6 a) as b) so c) besides d) while7 a) While b) As soon as c) Until d) Then

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8 a) Which b) Where c) in which d) who9 a) don’t have to b) must c) had to d) should10

a) showed b) had showed c) were shown d) were showing

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a) can’t b) must c) have to d) don’t have to

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a) should b) don’t have to c) shouldn’t d) had to

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a) shall b) let’s c) why don’t d) how about

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a) which b) that c) where d) whom

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a) such dirty b) much dirty c) so dirty d) dirtier

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a) were served b) were serving c) served d) had served

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a) must b) could c) couldn’t d) don’t have to

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a) won’t probably b) are probably c) probably will d) probably won’t

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a) by the time b) if c) unless d) as

XVII. My name is Debra Love and I am a second-generation native of Los Angeles, a city (1) ___________ lies on the west coast of the USA. As I was born here and have lived in this (2) __________ city all my life, I have observed the changes that have taken place throughout the years.It (3) ________ that Los Angeles was inhabited by a group of people who were looking for gold. At the beginning of this century, Los Angeles was a sleepy little town, and even as recently as the 1950s and the early 1960s, there were farms and orchards close to our house. (4) ___________, there were gardens where you could find an incredible variety of exotic plants and shrubs. By the time I (5) ___________ twelve, our neighbourhood had been surrounded by a forest which was burnt down by a fire. Of course, there weren’t any highways, but there (6) ________________ a good transportation system of electric trains. The air was usually very clear, and (7) ___________ a young child, I could see the mountains to the north and east almost every day.(8) _____________ the natives have tried so hard not to let the city get any worse, now, we have got highways, traffic and pollution. What a shame! If you (9) _________ Los Angeles forty years ago, you would have been amazed. With everything changing so fast, I can’t imagine how the city (10) _______________ within the next couple of years.It is believed that if the train system (11) _________ kept, some of the traffic problems might have been avoided. When a lot of people (12) ____________ to the mayor of having traffic problems, he (13) ________ that some new solutions would be found to improve public transportation. Everyone knows that some of the streets need (14) ____________. (15) ___________ some road construction has already been started, and workers and engineers are working like bees to finish it as soon as possible, there will still be a lot more to do when this work is finished. If city planners think more about the future and put more money to public transportation, we (16)____________ have to spend so much time on commuting in the city. One other reason why we have so many problems is that too many people moved to this area. If (17)__________ people had moved to Southern California, the population wouldn’t have grown

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so fast and we (18)___________ so many problems now. I wish we had had better foresight and planning in the past few years. I wish the city weren’t so crowded now. I hope that things (19) __________ improve in the future. (20) ___________ this happens, we might have even worse problems in the upcoming years.

1 a) which b) where c) who d) in which2 a) excitement b) exciting c) excited d) excite3 a) knows b) knew c) is known d) known4 a) Although b) Moreover c) Yet d) However5 a) were b) have been c) had been d) was6 a) use to be b) used to be c) was used to d) would be7 a) as b) like c) such d) when8 a) Despite b) In spite of c) Because d) Although9 a) have seen b) had seen c) saw d) see10

a) change b) have changed c) had changed d) will change

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a) had been b) has been c) was kept d) is kept

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a) told b) suggested c) complained d) apologized

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a) asked b) told c) says d) said

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a) to widen b) widening c) widened d) to be widening

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a) In spite of b) Despite c) Nevertheless d) Despite the fact that

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a) x b) won’t c) will d) can

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a) less b) more c) fewer d) a lot of

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a) wouldn’t have had b) wouldn’t have c) will have d) won’t have

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a) would b) will have c) won’t d) will

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a) If b) Unless c) When d) As

XVIII. Have you ever suffered from a toothache? If you have, then you must know how terrible it can be. Anyway, the other day, I had to see the dentist because of a toothache. I (1) __________ to a dentist since my two other teeth had to (2) ____________ out when they were broken in an accident some years ago. At that time, although I received local anesthesia, they hurt so much that since then, I (3) __________ going to the dentist, although I (4) __________ to the dentist almost every six months when I was younger and (5) ____________ my teeth checked.So, when my toothache began a few days ago, my whole schedule was messed up. I (6) _____________ to attend a seminar, but it was impossible for me to do anything and I ended up at the dentist’s. I was on time, for my dentist’s appointment, but the dentist was still busy with another patient, so I (7) ____________ to sit in the waiting room for a while. I (8) ___________ an article about teeth which began: ‘How long is it since you last went to the dentist? (9) ____________ regularly every six months? Or (10) _______________ you been putting off your visit for the last six years?

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Next to the article, there was cartoon of a man in a dentist’s chair. The dentist was saying: ‘I’m afraid this (11) __________’ I suddenly realized that my tooth stopped aching. (12)__________ I was opening the door to leave, the dentist’s door opened. ‘Next please,’ he called. It was my turn; I (13) __________. ‘Actually, I’m not here to see you’ I shouted, ‘I (14) ____________ for my friend.’ And together with the previous patient I left (15)________ I could.Have you (16) ___________ something like this? Surely I can’t be the only person who (17) _________ the dentist!

1 a) have been b) hadn’t been c) went2 a) be taken b) taken c) have taken3 a) had always

avoidedb) always avoided c) have always

avoided

4 a) had gone b) used to go c) go5 a) had b) has c) were6 a) had invited b) would have

invitedc) had been

invited7 a) had been asked b) was asked c) asked8 a) noticed b) was noticed c) had noticed9 a) Have you gone b) Are you going c) Do you go10

a) have b) are c) were

11

a) was hurt b) is hurt c) will hurt

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a) as soon as b) after c) just as

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a) was calling b) was being called c) have been called

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a) am waiting b) am waited c) being waited

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a) as fast as b) faster c) fastly

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a) been doing b) have done c) ever done

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a) hated b) hates c) is hated

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XIX. The father of a teenage girl who was murdered three years ago hopes (1) _______ her back to life by (2) ______ a cell from her brain. Patricia Wilson’s brain (3) __________ hours after her body was found. Now her father, American author Robert Wilson believes scientists will (4) ___________ to recreate her in 10 to 15 years. He said ‘I want to give her the chance in life that a drunk burglar took away. I am sure that science (5) __________ its human clone in the next few years. ‘Patricia, 15- called Luna by her family- was brutally slaughtered in a San Francisco store (6) _________ she worked as a part-time clerk. Her father ordered the brain to be taken to a Californian firm (7) ___________ freezes bodies for science. He said: ‘(8)________ is so close to being perfected. Luna would not have her complete personality if she (9)_________ back but she would be an identical twin in every other way. I believe science (10)__________ a way to resurrect her during my lifetime.’

1. a) to bring b) bring c) bring d) brought

2. a) use b) to use c) using d) used

3. a) frozen b) is frozen c) froze d) was frozen

4. a) able b) - c) being able d) be able

5. a) will prevent b) prevent c) will produce d) produces

6. a) which b) where c) that d) there

7. a) ,which b) where c) which d) when

8. a) Clone b) Cloning c) To clone d) Cloned

9. a) were brought b) brought c) had brought d) would bring

10. a) finds b) found c) will find d) has found

XX. A boy in school (1) _________ to bully me. I didn’t know what to do. Since my assertiveness course, I have learned that if you stand up bullies, your friends (2) _________ and make him feel very small. If someone (3) __________ you, don’t run. Cross the road and start going the other way. If someone really is following you, he (4) ____________ the same. If they (5) __________ a bit of fun, they’ll walk on. At least (6) ________ . If a stranger came up to talk to me, I (7) __________ away or tell them that I (8) ___________ interested in talking. When the kids in this area called me names in the past, I used to get upset. If they (9) __________ this now, I would just turn round and tell them to say what they want because I don’t care , so they will stand there open-mouthed, and I’ll feel better.

If I (10) ___________ I was in the wrong, I wouldn’t try to hide it.

1. a) tried b) tries c) will try d) has tried

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2. a) helps b) will help c) would help d) helped

3. a) followed

b) will follow c) follows d) would follow

4. a) will do

b) would do c) do d) did

5. a) have b) are having c) had d) will have

6. a) you knew

b) you’ll know c) would know d) you know

7. a) will walk

b) walk c) walked d) would walk

8. a) am not b)was not c) will not d) would not

9. a) will do b) do c) did d) would do

10. a) know b) knew c) would know d) will know

D. Rewrite the sentences by using the words in bold.

1. I wouldn’t wear that tie if I were you. SHOULD

You shouldn’t wear that tie.

2. I am obliged to hand in my paper tomorrow. HAVE

I HAVE TO HAND IN MY PAPER TOMORROW.

3. It was necessary for us to leave early. HAD

WE HAD TO LEAVE EARLY.

4. It would be a good idea to eat less-cholesterol food. SHOULD

I/WE SHOULD EAT LESS-CHOLESTEROL FOOD.

5. I was obliged to attend a boring meeting. HAD

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I HAD TO ATTEND A BORING LESSON.

6. It is not necessary for children to have tickets. DON’T

CHILDREN DON’T HAVE TO HAVE TICKETS.

7. It is forbidden to chew gums at school. MUST

YOU MUSTN’T CHEW GUMS AT SCHOOL.

8. They will probably come round tonight. MIGHT

THEY MIGHT COME ROUND TONIGHT.

9. I am sure he hasn’t got much money. CAN’T

HE CAN’T HAVE MUCH MONEY.

10. I am certain she is a spy. MUST

SHE MUST BE A SPY.

11. I am sure she isn’t studying at the moment. CAN’T

SHE CAN’T BE STUDYING AT THE MOMENT.

12. I am sure he is signing the contract now. MUST

HE MUST BE SIGNING THE CONTRACT NOW.

E. Rewrite the following using the words in bold.

1. It is possible that I will see you tomorrow but I am not sure. (may)

I MIGHT SEE YOU TOMORROW.

2. Perhaps their team will win the match. (could)

THEIR TEAM COULD WIN THE MATCH.

3. Maybe I won’t have time to finish the report tonight. (might)

I MIGHT NOT FINISH THE REPORT TONIGHT.

4. I don’t know if President Jones will win the next election. (might)

PRESIDENT JONES MIGHT NOT WIN THE NEXT ELECTION.21




5. Perhaps they are at work. (could)

THEY COULD BE AT WORK.

6. I’m sure he is Spanish. (must)

HE MUST BE SPANISH.

7. I am certain they are not on holiday. (can’t)

THEY CAN’T BE ON HOLIDAY.

8. Perhaps he’s waiting outside. (may)

HE MAY BE WAITING OUTSIDE.

9. Is it necessary for me to bring my passport? (have to)

DO I HAVE TO BRING MY PASSPORT?

10. An aerial is not required with this radio. (have to)

YOU DON’T HAVE TO USE AN AERIAL WITH THIS RADIO.

11. It would be a good idea if Harry took a holiday. (should)

HARRY SHOULD TAKE A HOLIDAY.

12. It’s against the law to drop litter in the street. (mustn’t)

YOU MUSTN’T DROP LITTER IN THE STREET.

13. It’s the rule to write this test in pencil. (have to)

YOU HAVE TO WRITE THIS TEST IN PENCIL.

14. It’s your duty to obey the law. (must)

YOU MUST OBEY THE LAW.

15. I’m sorry, but you aren’t allowed to enter this room. (mustn’t)

YOU MUSTN’T ENTER THIS ROOM.

16. It isn’t necessary for Joe to come here. (have to)

JOE DOESN’T HAVE TO COME HERE.

17. If I were you, I would talk to the teacher. (should) 22




YOU SHOULD TALK TO THE TEACHER.

18. It’s likely we will be leaving tomorrow. (might)

WE MIGHT BE LEAVING TOMORROW.

19. It’s possible he is studying in the library. (could)

HE COULD BE STUDYING IN THE LIBRARY.

F. Rewrite the following sentences using must, mustn’t, has to, doesn’t have to, could .

1. You are not allowed to park your car in the college car park.

YOU MUSTN’T PARK YOUR CAR IN THE COLLEGE CAR PARK.

2. It isn’t necessary for Emma to attend tomorrow’s staff meeting.

EMMA DOESN’T HAVE TO ATTEND TOMORROW’S STAFF MEETING.

3. Jack is obliged to wear a suit and a tie at work because the manager says so.

JACK HAS TO/ MUST WEAR A SUIT AND A TIE AT WORK BECAUSE THE MANAGER SAYS SO.

4. I’m sure Antonio is from Milan.

ANTONIO MUST BE FROM MILAN.

5. Roger decided that it’s necessary for him to find a job soon.

ROGER HAS TO FIND A JOB SOON.

6. It’s forbidden to use mobile phones inside the hospital.

YOU MUSTN’T USE MOBILE PHONES INSIDE THE HOSPITAL.

7. Susan is obliged to work overtime because her boss says so.

SUSAN HAS TO/ MUST WORK OVERTIME BECAUSE HER BOSS SAYS SO.

8. He had the ability to play the guitar when he was 5.

HE COULD PLAY THE GUITAR WHEN HE WAS 5.

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