aacl bioflux, volume 5(5) december 30, 2012 contents

AACL Bioflux, Volume 5(5) December 30, 2012

Contents

Yahya Y., Mustain A., Artiawan N., Reksodihardjo-Lilley G., Tlusty M., 2012 Summary of results of population density surveys of the Banggai cardinalfish in the Banggai Archipelago, Sulawesi, Indonesia, from 2007-2012. AACL Bioflux 5(5):303-308.

Rudi E., Iskandar T., Fadli N., Hidayati H., 2012 Impact of mass coral bleaching on fish reef community and fishermen catches at Sabang, Aceh Province, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux 5(5):309-320.

Dorado E. L., Torres M. A. J., Demayo C. G., 2012 Sexual dimorphism in body shapes of the spotted barb fish, Puntius binonatus of Lake Buluan in Mindanao, Philippines. AACL Bioflux 5(5):321-329.

Cruz-Lacierda E. R., Pineda A. J. T., Nagasawa K., 2012 In vivo treatment of the gill monogenean Pseudorhabdosynochus lantauensis (Monogenea, Diplectanidae) on orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) cultured in the Philippines. AACL Bioflux 5(5):330-336.

Hermosilla J. J., Tamura Y., Okazaki D., Hoshino Y., Moteki M., Kohno H., 2012 Seasonal pattern and community structure of fishes in the shallow tidal creek of Obitsu-gawa River Estuary of inner Tokyo Bay, central Japan. AACL Bioflux 5(5):337-355.

Muhammadar A. A., Mazlan A. G., Samat A., Muchlisin Z. A., Simon K. D., Asmawati M. S., Rimmer M., 2012 Feed digestion rates of tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) juvenile. AACL Bioflux 5(5):356-360.

Dobrota N., Dobrota G., Costache M., Marica N., 2012 Comparative study on rearing some valuable species in intensive system using non-conventional fodders. AACL Bioflux 5(5):361-368.

Ada F. B., Ayotunde E. O., Bayim P.-R. B., 2012 Some biological and hematological responses of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles exposed to Atrazine herbicide. AACL Bioflux 5(5):369-379.

Al-Qutob M. A., Nashashibi T. S., 2012 Duckweed Lemna minor (Liliopsida, Lemnaceae) as a natural biofilter in brackish and fresh closed recirculating systems. AACL Bioflux 5(5):380-392.

Wittenrich M. L., Turingan R. G., Cassiano E. J., 2012 Rearing tank size effects feeding performance, growth, and survival of sergeant major, Abudefduf saxatilis, larvae. AACL Bioflux 5(5):393-402.

Vaghefi H. R. S., Bidhendi G. N., Nasrabadi T., 2012 Evaluation of seasonal variations in physico-chemical parameters of Taleghan River, northern Iran. AACL Bioflux 5(5):403-414.

Caipang C. M. A., Fos M. A., Golez M. S. M., 2012 Bottom soil characteristics of brackishwater ponds after a culture period. AACL Bioflux 5(5):415-420.

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Impact indices according to Scopus Elsevier

SNIP 2010 SJR 2010 SNIP 2011 SJR 2011

4.710 0.198 0.235 0.290 International Standard Serial Number Online ISSN 1844–9166; Printed ISSN 1844-8143 Published by Bioflux – five issues/year (bimonthly) The journal includes original papers, short communications, and reviews on Aquaculture (Biology, Technology, Economy, Marketing), Fish Genetics and Improvement, Aquarium Sciences, Fisheries, Ichtiology, Aquatic Ecology, Conservation of Aquatic Resources and Legislation (in connection with aquatic issues) from wide world. International Editorial Board 41 Countries (5 continents): Romania, USA, Guyana, Canada, Republic of Moldavia, Belgium, Italy, Spain, Peru, Turkey, Venezuela, Poland, Croatia, Germany, Finland, Slovakia, India, Pakistan, Israel, Switzerland, Hungary, Bangladesh, Palestinian Authority, Nigeria, South Korea, Greece, England, China, Japan, France, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Iran, Philippines, Norway, Republic of Armenia, Brazil, Portugal, Zambia and Slovenia. Editorial Board Expanded Editor-in-Chief Petrescu-Mag I. Valentin: USAMV Iasi, Iasi; USAMV Cluj, Cluj-Napoca (Romania) Gavriloaie Ionel-Claudiu (reserve): Technical College "INFOEL" Bistrita (Romania). Editors Arockiaraj A. Jesu: Cheju National University (South Korea) Bavaru Adrian: Ovidius University, Constanta (Romania) Botha Miklos: Bioflux SRL, Cluj-Napoca (Romania) Caipang Cristopher M.A.: Univ. Nordland, Bodoe (Norway); Indep. res. (Philippines) Codreanu Mario: USAMV Bucuresti, Bucharest (Romania) Dimaggio Matthew A.: University of Florida (USA) Gal Denes: Research Inst. for Fisheries, Aquaculture & Irrigation, Szarvas (Hungary) Hermosilla Joeppette J., Tokyo Univ.of Marine Sci.& Tech., Minato, Tokyo (Japan) Mehrad Bahareh: Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Nat. Res. (Iran) Muchlisin Zainal Abidin: Universiti Sains (Malaysia), Syiah Kuala University (Indonesia) Murariu Dumitru: Grigore Antipa Museum of Natural History, Bucharest (Romania) Muscalu Radu: Sterlet SRL, Timisoara (Romania) Olivotto Ike: Universita Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona (Italy) Parvulescu Lucian: West University of Timisoara (Romania) Petrescu-Mag Ruxandra Malina: UBB Cluj-Napoca, Bioflux SRL (Romania) Petrovici Milca: West University of Timisoara (Romania) Rhyne Andrew: Roger Williams University; New England Aquarium, Boston (USA) Tlusty Michael F.: New England Aquarium, Boston (USA) Vesa Stefan Cristian: Iuliu Hatieganu UMF, Cluj-Napoca (Romania) Wittenrich Matthew L.: University of Florida (USA) Journal Secretary Nowak Michal: University of Agriculture in Krakow (Poland) Honorary Editors Appelbaum Samuel: University of the Negev (Israel) Bourne Godfrey Roderick: Univ. Missouri-St Louis (USA), CEIBA (Guyana) Breden Felix: Simon Fraser University (Canada) Brezeanu Gheorghe: Romanian Academy of Science, Bucharest (Romania) Bud Ioan: USAMV Cluj (Romania) Bura Marian: USAMVB Timisoara (Romania) Burny Philippe: Universite de Liege (Belgium) Creanga Steofil: USAMV Iasi, Iasi (Romania) Cristea Victor: Dunarea de Jos University of Galati (Romania) Grozea Adrian: USAMVB Timisoara (Romania) Miclaus Viorel: USAMV Cluj (Romania) Molnar Kalman: Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest (Hungary) Oroian Ioan: USAMV Cluj, Cluj-Napoca (Romania) Papadopol Nicolae: Natural Sciences Museum Complex, Constanta (Romania) Pasarin Benone: USAMV Iasi, Iasi (Romania) Usturoi Marius Giorgi: USAMV Iasi, Iasi (Romania)

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Editorial councellor Velter Victor: UEFISCDI, Bucharest (Romania) Scientific Reviewers Abdullah Khalid: Agricultural Research Institute Ratta Kulachi (Pakistan) Abraham T. Jawahar: West Bengal Univ. of Animal & Fishery Sciences (India) Adewolu Morenike A.: Lagos State University, Ojo (Nigeria) Aftabuddin Sheikh: University of Chittagong (Bangladesh) Al-Qutob Mutaz: Al-Quds University (Palestinian Authority) Alves-Vianna Rafael: Federal University of Vicosa (Brazil) Antone Veronica: Natural Sciences Museum Complex, Constanta (Romania) Banaduc Doru Stelian: Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu (Romania) Banatean-Dunea Ioan: USAMVB Timisoara (Romania) Berkesy Corina: ICPE Bistrita (Romania) Blas Raul Humberto Sevillano: Univ. Nacional Agraria La Molina (Peru) Boaru Anca: USAMV Cluj, 3M AGC SRL, Cluj-Napoca (Romania) Brunner Andreas: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (Switzerland) Brunio Erwin O.: Tokyo University of Marine Science & Technology (Japan) Calado Ricardo J. G.: University of Aveiro, Aveiro (Portugal) Celik Meryem Yesim: University of Sinop (Turkey) Chiorean Adriana: Natural Sciences Museum Complex, Constanta (Romania) Cocan Daniel: USAMV Cluj, Cluj-Napoca (Romania) Cosier Viorica: USAMV Cluj (Romania) Costa Daniel Ribeiro: Federal Rural University of Amazon, Belem (Brazil) Costea Ramona Ioana: USAMV Cluj (Romania) Cotutiu Mihaela Ioana: Technical College INFOEL, Bistrita (Romania) Covaciu-Marcov Severus D.: University of Oradea (Romania) Csep Laszlo: Bioflux, Cluj-Napoca (Romania) Curlisca Angelica: Natural Sciences Museum Complex, Constanta (Romania) Dediu Lorena: Dunarea de Jos University of Galati (Romania) Docan Angela: Dunarea de Jos University of Galati (Romania) Galca Valerica: USAMV Iasi, Iasi (Romania) Galca Ioan: USAMV Iasi, Iasi (Romania) Gavrilovic Ana: University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik (Croatia) Gospic Daniel: G2O d.o.o. (Slovenia) Gorgan Lucian Dragos: UAIC Iasi (Romania) Hajirezaee Saeed: University of Teheran, Karaj (Iran) Hoha Gabriel: USAMV Iasi, Iasi (Romania) Iorga Eugen: Institutul de Tehnologii Alimentare (Rep. Moldavia) Islam Kazi Shakila: Xiamen University, Xiamen (China) Jakab Endre: UBB Cluj-Napoca (Romania) Kabir Milad: Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Nat. Res. (Iran) Karayucel Ismihan: University of Sinop (Turkey) Kempkes Michael: Deutschen Guppyförderation (Germany) Kosco Jan: Presov University, Presov (Slovakia) Luangpirom Ampa: Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen (Thailand) Malos Cristian: UBB Cluj-Napoca (Romania) Manko Peter: Presov University, Presov (Slovakia) Montana Carmen: UNELLEZ, Barinas (Venezuela), University of Texas (USA) Muntean Octavian Liviu: UBB Cluj-Napoca (Romania) Munteanu Florin: Natural Sciences Museum Complex, Constanta (Romania) Murray Joanna: CEFAS, Lowestoft (England) Muscalu-Nagy Cristina: Sterlet SRL, Timisoara (Romania) Musuka Confred G.: The Copperbelt University, Kitwe (Zambia) Ndimele Prince Emeka: Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos (Nigeria) Nita Victor: Nat. Inst. Marine Research & Dev. Gr. Antipa, Constanta (Romania) Odagiu Antonia: USAMV Cluj, Cluj-Napoca (Romania) Oprea Lucian: Dunarea de Jos University, Galati (Romania) Oroian Teofil: USAMV Cluj, Cluj-Napoca (Romania) Pacioglu Octavian: Roehampton University, London (England) Parsaeimehr Ali: National Academy of Science, Yerevan (Republic of Armenia) Perdikaris Costas: Technological Educational Institute of Epirus (Greece) Perkovic Anica: University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Osijek (Croatia) Peteiro Cesar: Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Santander (Spain) Petrescu Dacinia Crina: UBB Cluj-Napoca (Romania) Popescu Irinel Eugen: UAIC Iasi, Iasi (Romania) Raghavan Rajeev: St. Albert’s College, Kochi (India) Rahman Mohammed Mahabubur: Kochi University, Kochi (Japan) Rahmati-holasoo Hooman: University of Tehran, Tehran (Iran) Rosioru Corina: UBB Cluj-Napoca (Romania) Rus Vasile: USAMV Cluj, Cluj-Napoca (Romania) Sakkaravarthi Karuppiah: Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu (India)

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Sahlean Tiberiu: University of Bucharest (Romania) Sas Istvan: University of Oradea, Oradea (Romania) Savin Anatol: ASM Institute of Zoology (Rep. Moldavia) Suteu Mihai: University of Liege, Liege (Belgium) Taati M. Mehdi: Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Nat. Res. (Iran) Talu Stefan: Technical University of Cluj (Romania) Tugui Olimpia Ramona: Univ. Lyon II Lumiere (France) Turcu Mihaela Claudia: University of Turku, Turku (Finland) Udoh James P.: University of Uyo, Uyo (Nigeria) Vintila Iuliana: "Dunarea de Jos" University Galati (Romania) Zamfirescu Stefan: UAIC Iasi, Iasi (Romania) Contact Publisher SC Bioflux SRL, 54 Ceahlău Street, Cluj-Napoca, 400488, Romania, European Union. Ioan Valentin Petrescu-Mag, e-mail: [email protected]

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AACL BIOFLUX Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation International Journal of the Bioflux Society Impact of mass coral bleaching on reef fish community and fishermen catches at Sabang, Aceh Province, Indonesia 1Edi Rudi, 2Taufiq Iskandar, 3Nur Fadli, 4Hidayati Hidayati

1 Department of Biology, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; 2 Department of

Mathematic, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; 3 Department of Marine Science, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; 4 BAPPEDA Aceh, Banda Aceh,

Indonesia. Corresponding author: E. Rudi, [email protected]

Abstract. Mass coral bleaching was observed at Sabang, Aceh in early 2010, and approximately 60% of hard coral in waters surrounding Sabang died post-event. Coral mortality was expected to affect the composition of reef fish due to decrease its function such as providing a shelter, feeding and spawning grounds for fish and other marine organisms. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the impact of coral bleaching on coral reef fish community and to compare the composition of fishermen catches before and after the coral bleaching. The data were collected before (in 2008) and after (in 2010) the mass coral bleaching event in Sabang waters by using a photographic method and the data on the average catch of fishermen (catch per fishing effort) was calculated in kg/hour. The data of the knowledge of fishermen on climate change was collected by questionnaire method. The results showed that 259 species of coral reef fishes were caught by fishermen in 2008 and 2010. There was no significantly difference between the fish catches before and after the mass coral bleaching. However, species richness decreased up to 50% after the mass coral bleaching. The knowledge of fishermen on climate change issue was very low. Key Words: catch per fishing effort, climate changes, photographic method and disaster.

Introduction. Aceh Province has a large potency on coastal resources both biological and non biological resources. The province is surrounded by approximately 1,865 km of coastline and has 180 large and small islands. Marine resources are very important for the Acehnese since more than 55% of total population depends on the coastal ecosystems mainly from the fisheries sector (Yusuf 2003).

Sabang and its surrounding waters have good coral reef ecosystems, especially in areas that are managed by local fishermen organization called “Panglima Laot”, a traditional organization for fishermen in a certain fishing ground that shares a strict set of rules and regulations (Baird et al 2005; Brown 2005; Campbell et al 2007; Hagan et al 2007). In addition, Sabang is also rich in reef fishes community (Rudi et al 2009). For example, Allen & Adrim (2003) reported six endemic fish species from Sabang waters. Nevertheless, coral bleaching as the effects of climate change was happened in Aceh water from March-May 2010 as predicted by NOAA (2010). Based on our rapid survey in late May 2010 we showed that approximately 60-80% of coral reefs in the Sabang waters dead probably due to increasing the sea surface temperature during the period.

Coral mortality is predicted to affect the composition of reef fish as it may eliminate the function of coral reefs as breeding, nursery and feeding grounds for fish and other marine organisms. Increased frequency of disturbances and anthropogenic activities are predicted to have a devastating impact on coral reefs that will ultimately change the composition of reef associated fish communities (Wilson et al 2006). The lag effects in the impacts of mass coral bleaching on coral reef fish are through natural mortality and fishing, and are not being replaced by juveniles (Graham et al 2007). According to Hourigan et al (1988), the presences of reef fish were highly influenced by the condition of coral reefs, mainly by the percentage of live coral cover. Coral bleaching


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happen due to the release of zooxanthellae in coral tissue permanently (Marshall & Baird 2000; Ateweberhan & McClanahan 2010).

Climate change has devastating effects in coral reef ecosystems due to extreme environmental sensitivities and consequent bleaching of reef building corals. In early 2010, the reefs of much of Aceh, in particular Sabang, were struck by mass coral bleaching caused by high sea-water temperature throughout the Andaman Sea. The damage to the reefs was extensive, with close to 80% mortality of susceptible species at many sites around Weh Island, Sabang. This was expected to have an effect on the catches of fishermen in Sabang. However, how much this phenomenon influences the catches of Sabang fishermen is still unknown. Therefore, there is very crucial to evaluate the impact of coral bleaching on commercial coral reef fish fisheries at Sabang focused on the species composition and fishermen catch per unit effort (CPUE). This study can be used as a basis for disaster management due to climate change in particular coral bleaching.

Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on December 2010 to January 2011. The data collection was conducted in five fish landing sites in Weh Island Sabang, namely Lhok Anoi Itam, Lhok Ie Meulee, Lhok Keneukai, Lhok Pasiran and Lhok Laot Pria (Figure 1). The five sites were chosen in order to compare fishermen catches before (in 2008) and after (in 2010) the mass coral bleaching in Sabang waters. Data of fishermen catch of hand line fishing method was used in the study. WCS Indonesian Program has already collected these data before the bleaching which will be combined with post-bleaching data.

Figure 1. Five study sites around Weh Island Sabang used to estimate fisherman catch.


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Photographic method was used to estimate fish biomass. The fish samples were collected from fisherman who just landed at each site. Every fish that caught was then documented (using high-resolution digital cameras), numbered and indentified (Figure 2). The fishes were indentified based on Carpenter & Niem (1998, 1999a, 1999b, 2001a, 2001b), Allen (2000), Kuiter & Tonozuka (2001a, 2001b, 2001c) and Kimura & Satapoomin (2009). The UTHSCSA Image Tool 2.0 software was used to measure the fish size. The parameters used include the total length, fork length and standard length. The fish weight was predicted using following equation: W = a Lb (King 1996; Kumolu-Johnson & Ndimele 2010), where: W = fish weight (kg), a = statistical constants (index), L = fish length (cm), b = statistical constants (index); a and b of each fishes were taken from FishBase (Froese & Pauly 2011). Data analysis for catch of fishermen was calculated in catch per unit effort (kg/hour). The student t-test was employed to compare data fish catches before and after mass coral bleaching. Interview for each fisherman was conducted to get information of fishing gear, fishing ground, cost and time consumes for fishing activity. Information related to fishermen knowledge about climate change and coral bleaching were also collected using questionnaires methods.

Figure 2. Photography method to estimate fisherman catch: photos of some fishes that just gathered from fishermen (left) and numbered fishes (right).

Results and Discussion Fishermen catch. A total of 259 fish species corresponding to 28 families were recorded during the study (Appendix 1). Species number varied among the sites, ranging from 73 (Pria Laot) to 133 (Pasiran) in 2008 and from 29 (Pria Laot) to 77 (Pasiran) in 2010 (Figure 3). Species richness at all sites has decreased about 50% in average after coral bleaching phenomenon. However, there were no significantly differences between fishing catches before and after coral bleaching (Table 1). Indicating that, presently, the coral bleaching affects on fish community but not on livelihood of fishermen. This is because the fishermen have been improving their efforts and time to catch more fish, therefore


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they can got fish catches similar to pre coral bleaching, but the species composition has decreased significantly.

Figure 3. The species number of reef fishes that caught by fishermen in Sabang.

Table 1 The catches of fishermen (mean of CPUE ± SE) at five sites and t-test results

(ns = not significant at 0.05)

Sampling sites Time/test Ie Meulee Anoi Itam Keunekai Pria Laot Pasiran

2008 0.224 ± 0.029 0.608 ± 0.199 1.300 ± 0.361 0.282 ± 0.052 0.875 ± 0.126

2010 0.299 ± 0.026 0.582 ± 0.133 0.756 ± 0.134 0.455 ± 0.096 1.557 ± 0.326

t-test ns ns ns ns ns

Our finding showed that coral loss caused by mass coral bleaching impacted on the species richness of reef fishes in Sabang waters as shown by fishermen’s catch. Pratchett et al (2008) stated that coral loss may also have longer-term consequences for fishes that require live corals as settlement. Furthermore, Cinner et al (2009) reported that the loss of habitat structure following coral mortality is expected to affect 56% of targeted species. Berumen & Pratchett (2006) showed that disturbances (including mass coral bleaching) have a critical effect on the structure of coral and reef fish communities. Long term change will make the species composition of coral communities and reef fish assemblages very different from initial state. Based on CPUE data, our findings have shown that until six months after mass coral bleaching, the fishermen of Sabang were still sustained in fishing. However, it is estimated that for a longer time, e.g. more than two years after the coral bleaching, the impact would be significant, especially for corallivore fishes that need coral as food source. Cinner et al (2009) stated that coral bleaching can indirectly affect coral reef fishes and fishermen need adaptive fishing gear and management in response to climate change. It is estimated that it needs more than five years for coral reef of Sabang to recover to initial condition. Fishermen knowledge on climate changes. The knowledge level of Sabang fishermen on climate change was poor. Most of fishermen (82%) of Sabang have not known the


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factor that caused the coral bleaching. Similarly, the question regarding what is climate change, 64% of fishermen claimed they did not know what climate change is.

Lack of knowledge of Sabang fishermen about climate change could be one point of vulnerability of Sabang fishermen on disaster preparedness, especially disasters caused by climate change. Wisner et al (2003) stated that disasters are defined as the result of the interaction of vulnerability or powerlessness of humans (vulnerability) to threat from the natural activity of harmful (hazards) such as earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, storms and others at the same time. In other words, if a disaster occurs somewhere or is prone to the dangers of earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, landslides or storms, but humans who live in these places do not have the knowledge and ability to deal with it. In generally, the knowledge of Sabang fishermen and how they adapt to climate change were low. For that, it needs a lot of activity to be done about environmental awareness campaigns related to climate change.

The knowledge of Sabang fishermen and how they adapt to climate change were low. Consequently, there was a need to mitigate the fishermen of Sabang Aceh to face climate change issues. Some recommendations are put forward relating the results of this study. There is a need to support and build the awareness of fishermen and coastal community from climate change issues. There are some adaption and mitigation strategies that were prepared to face the climate change for example by looking for and create alternative livelihoods for fishermen. Mitigation can be done by maintaining and improving the quality of marine ecosystems, such as accelerating the establishment of marine protected areas, promoting ecotourism and awareness-raising efforts of other communities in the protection and preservation of marine resources in a sustainable manner until the future. Pratchett et al (2008) stated that the longer-term consequences of climate change and coral bleaching for coral-reef fishes are far from certain, but reducing direct anthropogenic pressures and improving management of coral reef habitats are important elements in preventing ecological and economic consequences of declines in the abundance and diversity of coral reef fishes.

Conclusions. There were no significantly differences between the fishermen catches before (in 2008) and after (in 2010) mass coral bleaching in Sabang Aceh. However, the total numbers of species richness decreased around 50%. The knowledge of Sabang fishermen and how they adapt to climate change were very low. These findings suggest that there is a need to educate the fishermen in Sabang Aceh about climate change issues in order to build their capacity to adapt. Acknowledgements. The authors would like to thank TDMRC (Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center) of Syiah Kuala University and Ministry of Education and Cultural of Indonesia for providing the funding for this study (contract number 537.F/TDMRC-UNSYIAH/TU/XI/2010 and contract number 019/UN11.2/LT/SP3/2012, respectively). Thanks also to WCS Indonesian Program that helped in fishermen catch data before (in 2008) mass coral bleaching in Sabang. References Allen G. R., 2000 Marine fishes of south-east Asia - A field guide for anglers and divers.

Periplus, Singapore, 292 pp. Allen G. R., Adrim M., 2003 Coral reef fish of Indonesia. Zoological Studies 42:1-72. Ateweberhan M., McClanahan T. R., 2010 Relationship between historical sea-surface

temperature variability and climate change-induced coral mortality in the western Indian Ocean. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:964-970.

Baird A. H., Campbell S. J., Anggoro A. W., Ardiwijaya R. L., Fadli N., Herdiana Y., Kartawijaya T., Mahyiddin D., Mukminin A., Pardede S. T., Pratchett M. S., Rudi E., Siregar A. M., 2005 Acehnese reefs in the wake of the Asian Tsunami. Current Biology 15:1926-1930.


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Berumen M. L., Pratchett M. S., 2006 Recovery without resilience: persistent disturbance and long-term shifts in the structure of fish and coral communities at Tiahura Reef, Moorea. Coral Reefs 25:647–653.

Brown B. E., 2005 The fate of coral reefs in the Andaman Sea, eastern Indian Ocean following the Sumatran earthquake and tsunami, 26 December 2004. The Geographical Journal 171:372-374.

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Received: 26 March 2012. Accepted: 12 July 2012. Published online: 12 September 2012. Authors: Edi Rudi, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111, Aceh, Indonesia, e-mail: [email protected] Taufiq Iskandar, Department of Mathematic, Faculty of Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111, Aceh, Indonesia, e-mail: [email protected] Nur Fadli, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111, Aceh, Indonesia, e-mail: [email protected] Hidayati Hidayati, BAPPEDA Aceh, Jl. Tgk. H. M. Daud Beureueh No. 26 Banda Aceh 23121, Aceh, Indonesia, e-mail: [email protected] This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. How to cite this article: Rudi E., Iskandar T., Fadli N., Hidayati H., 2012 Impact of mass coral bleaching on reef fish community and fishermen catches at Sabang, Aceh Province, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux 5(5):309-320.


316

Appendix 1 List of economical reef fish that caught by fishermen in Sabang waters before (in 2008)

and after (in 2010) the mass coral bleaching

2008 2010 No Family Genera Species AI IM KN PS PL AI IM KN PS PL

1 Acanthuridae Acanthurus A. bariene +

2 A. dussumeri + +

3 A. grammoptilus +

4 A. leucosternon +

5 A. lineatus + + + +

6 A. mata + + + +

7 A. nigrofuscus +

8 A. nubilus + +

9 A. tennenti +

10 A. triostegus +

11 A. tristis +

12 Ctenochaetus C. marginatus +

13 Naso N. cauroleacauda + +

14 N. hexacanthus +

15 N. thynnoides +

16 N. vlamingii + + + +

17 Apogonidae Apogon A. fleurieu + + +

18 Cheilodipterus C. macrodon +

19 Balistidae Balistapus B. undulatus + + + + +

20 Balistoides B. conspicillum + +

21 B. viridescens + + + + + +

22 Meilichthys M. niger + +

23 Odonus O. niger + + + + + + + + +

24 Rhinecanthus R. rectangulus + + +

25 Sufflamen S. bursa + + +

26 S. chrysoptera + + + + + +

27 S. fraenatus + + + + + + + + +

28 S. flavipectoralis +

29 Melichthys M. indicus +

30 M. niger + + + + + +

31 Xanthichthys X. caeruleolineatus +

32 Belonidae Tylosurus T. crocodilus + + + +

33 Caesionidae Caesio C. caerulaurea + +

34 C. lunaris + + +

35 C. teres + + + + + + +

36 C. xanthonota + +

37 C. varilineata + + +

38 Pterocaesio P. lativittata +

39 P. pisang + +

40 P. tille + + + + + +

41 P. tesselata +

42 Carangidae Alectis A. ciliaris + + +

43 Elagatis E. bipinnulata + + +

44 Carangoides C. gymnostethus +

45 C. ferdau + + +

46 C. orthogrammus + + + + + + + +

47 C. oblongus + + +

48 C. plagiotaenia + + +


317

49 C. chrysophrys +

50 Caranx C. melampygus + + + + + + + +

51 C. ignobilis + + + + + + +

52 C. sexfasciatus + + + + + + + +

53 C. papuensis + +

54 Decapterus D. macarellus + +

55 Rastrelliger R. kanagurta +

56 Selaroides S. leptolesis + + + +

57 Carcharhinidae Carcharhinus C. albimarginatus + +

58 Chaetodontidae Chaetodon C. guentheri +

59 C. lunula +

60 Heniochus H. diphreutes +

61 Cirrhithidae Paracirrhites P. forsteri + +

62 Ephippidae Platax P. teira + +

63 P. boersii +

64 P. orbicularis +

65 Haemulidae Plectorhinchus P. albovittatus +

66 P. flavomaculatus + + + +

67 P. gibbosus +

68 P. picus +

69 P. polytaenia + +

70 P. vittatus + + + +

71 Holocentridae Myripristis M. adusta + +

72 M. berndti + + + +

73 M. botche + + + + +

74 M. melenosticta +

75 M. murdjan + + + + + + +

76 M. hexagona + + + +

77 M. violacea +

78 M. vittata + +

79 M. chryseres + + + + +

80 M. trachyacron + +

81 M. pralinia + + + +

82 M. woodsi +

83 Neoniphon N. sammara +

84 Sargocentron S. cornutum +

85 S. diadema +

86 S. rubrum +

87 S. spiniferum + + +

88 S. tiere +

89 S. punctatissimum +

90 S. ittodai +

91 Plectrypops P. lima +

92 Polydactylus P. sexfilis +

93 Kyphosidae Kyphosus K. bigibbus + +

94 K. vaigiensis + + +

95 Labridae Anampses A. meleagrides + +

96 Cheilinus C. fasciatus +

97 C. trilobatus + +

98 Choerodon C. schoenleinii + +

99 C. zozteoporus + +

100 C. cephalotes +

101 Halichoeres H. argus +

102 H. hortulanus + + + +


318

103 H. scapularis +

104 H. solorensis +

105 H. zeinicus +

106 Hemigymnus H. melapterus +

107 Hologymnosus H. doliatus + +

108 H. longipes +

109 Novaculichthys N. taeniorus +

110 Oxycheilinus O. arenatus + +

111 Pseudocheilinus P. ocellanus +

112 Thalassoma T. janseni +

113 T. lunare +

114 T. lutescens +

115 T. quinquevittatum +

116 Lethrinidae Gnathodentex G. aureolineatus + + + + + + + + + +

117 Lethrinus L. amboinensis + + + +

118 L. ornatus +

119 L. bengalensis +

120 L. erythropterus +

121 L. erythracanthus + + +

122 L. conchyliatus +

123 L. lentjan + + + + + + + + +

124 L. microdon + +

125 L. miniatus + +

126 L. obsoletus +

127 L. rubrioperculatus +

128 L. semicinctus + +

129 L. xanthochilus + + + +

130 Monotaxis M. grandoculis + + + + + + + +

131 Gymnocranius G. griseus + + + +

132 G. frenatus + +

133 G. euanus + +

134 G. grandoculis +

135 G. microdon + +

136 Lutjanidae Aprion A. virescens + + + + + + + + + +

137 Aphareus A. furca + + +

138 A. rutilans + + + + + + + + + +

139 Lutjanus L. argentimaculatus + + +

140 L. bengalensis + +

141 L. bohar + + + + +

142 L. carponotatus + + +

143 L. decussatus + +

144 L. ehrenbergii + + +

145 L. gibbus + + + + +

146 L. monostigma + +

147 L. kasmira + + + + + + + + + +

148 L. fulviflamma + +

149 L. lutjanus + +

150 L. madras +

151 L. maxweberi +

152 L. sebae +

153 L. quinquelineatus +

154 L. vitta +

155 L. rufolineatus + + +

156 Macolor M. niger + +


319

157 Paracaesio P. sordida + +

158 Pristipomoides P. filamentosus +

159 Monodactylidae Monodactylus M. argenteus + + + + +

160 Mullidae Mulloidichthys M. vanicolensis + + +

161 M. flavolineatus

162 Parupeneus P. barberinoides + +

163 P. barberinus + +

164 P. cyclostomus +

165 P. heptacanthus + + +

166 P. indicus +

167 P. macronema + + + + + + + + +

168 P. pleurostigma + + + +

169 P. trifasciatus + +

170 P. multifasciatus + +

171 P. rubescens + +

172 Upeneus U. vittatus + + + +

173 U. moluccensis +

174 Nemipteridae Nemipterus N. peronii + +

175 Scolopsis S. affinis +

176 S. auratus + +

177 S. bilineata + + +

178 S. ciliatus + + +

179 S. margaritifer +

180 S. taeniopterus +

181 S. xenochrous + +

182 Pempheridae Pempheris P. vanicolensis +

183 P. adusta +

184 P. aualensis +

185 Pinguipedidae Parapercis P. tetracantha + + +

186 Platycephalidae Thysanophrys T. carbunculus +

187 Pomacentridae Abudefduf A. vaigiensis + + + + +

188 Amblyglyphidodon A. curacao +

189 A. ternatensis +

190 Amphiprion A. clarkii +

191 Chromis C. albomaculata +

192 Neoglyphidodon N. oxyodon + +

193 Pomacentrus P. agassizi +

194 P. azuremaculatus +

195 Stegastes S. obreptus +

196 Priacanthidae Priacanthus P. blochii + + + + + + + +

197 P. hamrur + + + + + +

198 P. macracanthus + +

199 Scaridae Chlororus C. microrhinus +

200 C. bleekeri + + +

201 C. sordidus + +

202 Hipposcarus H. harid +

203 H. longiceps +

204 Scarus S. latipinnis +

205 S. frenatus + +

206 S. ghobban + + + + + + +

207 S. globiceps +

208 S. niger + + + +

209 S. oviceps + + +

210 S. psittacus +


320

211 S. quoyii + +

212 S. rivulatus +

213 S. tricolor + +

214 S. schelegeli +

215 S. rubroviolaceus + + + + +

216 S. festivus +

217 Scombridae Scomberoides S. commersoni +

218 S. lysan + +

219 Thunnus Thunnus sp. 1 + + +

220 Scomberomorus S. cavalla +

221 Serranidae Aethaloperca A. rogaa + + + +

222 Anyperodon A. leucogrammicus +

223 Cephalopholis C. argus + + + + +

224 C. boenak +

225 C. leopardus +

226 C. miniata + + + + + + + + +

227 C. sexmaculata + + + + + + +

228 C. sonnerati + + + + + + + +

229 C. nigripinnis + + + + + + + +

230 C. urodeta + + +

231 C. spiloparaea + + + + + + +

232 Epinephelus E. caeruleopunctatus + +

233 E. coioides + + +

234 E. fasciatus + + + + + + + + + +

235 E. hexagonatus +

236 E. longispinis + + + +

237 E. areolatus + + +

238 E. macrospilos + +

239 E. bleekeri +

240 E. malabaricus + +

241 E. merra + + + + + + + + +

242 E. ongus +

243 E. houlandi +

244 E. polyphekadion +

245 E. quoyanus + + + + + +

246 E. tauvina + +

247 E. spilotoceps + + + +

248 E. undulatus +

249 Gracila G. albomarginata + +

250 Plectropomus P. punctatus +

251 Variola V. louti + + + + +

252 V. albimarginata + + + + + + + + +

253 Sphyraenidae Sphyraena S. baracuda + + + +

254 S. fosteri + +

255 S. flavicauda + + + +

256 S. helleri + +

257 S. jello + + + +

258 S. qenie +

259 Synodontidae Synodus S. jaculum + Note: + found; AI Anoi Itam; IM Ie Meulee; KN Keneukai; PS Pasiran; PL Pria Laot

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