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75 Years of City and Regional Planning at Cornell

Edited by Ann Forsyth and Neema Kudva

TransformingPlanning

AAPCornell

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75 Years of City and Regional Planning2

This book was compiled for the 75th anniversary of the Department of City and Regional Planning at Cornell University, funded initially by a grant from the Carnegie Corporation.

The anniversary was celebrated at an event held on October 15–16, 2010, in Ithaca, New York.

Copyright © 2010 College of Architecture, Art, and Planning, Cornell University.

Design: Soulellis Studio

Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License.

ISBN 978-0-9785061-1-7

Library of Congress Control Number: 2010931114

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3

Transforming Planning

Edited byAnn Forsyth andNeema Kudva


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5

You cannot be a distinguished educator without distinguished students. If you do it right, your students will go on to do things you could never do, write things you could never write, conduct research you could never carry out, solve problems beyond your capacity, and surpass you in numerous ways. What you must do as an educator is create a learning opportunity for younger people that will make you obsolete.

Barclay Jones Distinguished Planning Educator, Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning, 1990

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1 Preface: Transforming Planning 8 Department Timeline 12

2 Planning Emerges at Cornell 14 The Early Years 16

Past Department Chairs 22

Past AAP Deans from Planning 24

The 1960s and 1970s—The Policy and Physical Planning Divide 30

3 Cornell’s Evolving Programs 36 Historic Preservation 40

Regional Science 44

International Studies in Planning 46

Urban and Regional Studies 54

Real Estate 56

4 CRP in the World 58 Where We Are 64

CRP in New York City 68

CRP in Upstate New York 73

CRP in Brazil 74

CRP in Puerto Rico

CRP in Rome 77

CRP in New Orleans 78

CRP in Public Office 82

Workshops, Field Work, and Field Trips 84

Student Organizations and Department Governance 88

5 Transforming Ideas 92 Progressive Planning 96

Design and Physical Planning 104

The Analytical Tradition 110

International and Global Planning 112

Cornell Planning: Beyond 75 119

6 Acknowledgements and Sources 120

Table of Contents

OPPOSITE Sibley as construction site. Above Winter 2009. Below Summer 2010. Photos: William Staffeld.

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Preface: Transforming PlanningAnn Forsyth and Neema Kudva

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Preface: Transforming Planning 11

Over the past 75 years Cornell’s planning students, alumni, and faculty have worked to transform planning. In doing this they have bridged social concerns and physical design, local and global scales, methods, critique, and ethics. Theirs is a pragmatic idealism emerging from both studying the world and efforts to change it. The Department of City and Regional Planning (CRP) at Cornell celebrates this progressive, international, and analytic tradition.

While planning topics were the subject of courses starting in 1918, it was only in 1935 that a three-year grant from the Carnegie Corporation enabled Cornell to establish an interdisciplinary suite of planning courses under the leadership of Gilmore D. Clarke (Cornell ’13). The first regional planning master’s degree was awarded in 1943, though the first full class of eight students graduated after the war in 1947–48. Professor Emeritus John Reps was a member of that class.

Since that time Cornell has gone on to expand its offerings to include an undergraduate program, a doctoral program, and other joint programs with architecture, law, landscape architecture, public administration, and real estate. In 2010 the department housed over 120 undergraduate urban and regional studies majors; 96 master’s students; and 27 PhD students in planning and regional science. Over the years CRP has graduated 1,250 MRPs; 260 PhDs; and hundreds of BAs of urban and regional studies. There have also been almost 200 MAs in historic preservation and 70 MAs and 60 PhDs in regional science. These graduates have gone on to promising careers around the world.

This book documents this remarkable history of accomplishments and looks towards the future.

OPPOSITE TOP The class of 1947 was the first large group to graduate, coming to study after the war. Pictured in the fall of 1946 were Myer Wolfe, John Reps, John Via, Fred McLaughlin, Don MacDonald, Charles Woodman, instructor Tom Mackesey, Roland Bedard, and Richard Rathfon. Photo: Collection of John Reps.

OPPOSITE BOTTOM The class of 2011 has 58 students, a diverse group from across the United States and the world. Pictured in the fall of 2009 (from left to right) were Jonathan Wellemeyer, Jesse McCree, unknown, Danielle Bergstrom, Sara Lepori, Aditi Sen, Jeong Eun Lee, and Courtney Shum. Photo: William Staffeld.


OPPOSITE Maps of bastides in France, a long-term interest of John Reps. Photocopied Maps: Collection of John Reps.

Department Timeline

1918 Professor Everett V. Meeks presents lectures on the history of planning

1928–30 William Schuchardt teaches city planning seminar1935 First regional planning classes taught under Carnegie

Corporation grant in a joint architecture and engineering program

1943 First planning master’s degree awarded to Leslie Stott O’Gwynn Jr.

1947–48 First full planning cohort graduates, including John Reps1952 First PhD degree awarded to Robert Hoover1956 First woman planning graduate, Sobhagya Komarakul 1960s International activities expand in the department1962 Cornell starts offering courses in historic preservation1971–75 Department splits in two: Urban Planning and Analysis &

Policy Planning and Regional Analysis1972 Regional science program established1975 Historic preservation becomes a major concentration1976 Departments merged 1981 Undergraduate program started as two-year major; expanded to four-year degree in 19871987 First tenured woman faculty member (Lourdes Benería) and two tenure-track faculty hired (Susan Christopherson and Margaret Wilder) 1988 CRP joins Cornell in Rome program1998–99 Three tenure-track faculty hired (Ann-Margaret Esnard, Rolf Pendall, and Mildred Warner): first major expansion of the department in 10 years2005–07 Three tenure-track faculty hired (Stephan Schmidt,

Clement Lai, and Arturo Sanchez) and two tenured professors hired (Ann Forsyth and Kieran Donaghy): second major expansion of department

2010 Department celebrates 75 years of transforming planning

Preface: Transforming Planning 13

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Planning Emergesat Cornell

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In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, several classes offered within the university’s architecture, horticulture, and later landscape architecture programs addressed large-scale planning and design issues that became the central foci of the soon-to-emerge planning curriculum. In 1918 Professor Everett V. Meeks presented the first series of lectures surveying the history of planning, reviewing the subject of parks and squares in the world’s then largest cities, and discussing the design of river, sea, and harbor fronts. The Cornell Architect (June 1919), in applauding Meeks’s course, noted, “It would seem at times that the city planner in this country was not wanted, that the American people were blind to his usefulness….” Yet, they argued that the desires for better living conditions and “better employment of natural beauties” were becoming more important and soon “...the day of the city planner will be at hand.”

Interest in planning continued to grow across campus and the country. In 1928 Professor William Schuchardt offered a seminar on city planning. According to a 1935 letter written by George Young, dean of architecture, Schuchardt “laid down the principle that large-scale planning is not and cannot be primarily a professional activity; that actual accomplishment in this field is necessarily a group activity which must depend on doctors, lawyers, businessmen [in those days he even included bankers], and others, united by an informed interest in the betterment of our physical environment as a means toward a bettered life.” In addition, Cornell provost A.R. Mann became chairman of the newly formed New York State Planning Board.

This widespread interest and early groundwork led to the submission of a joint proposal to the Carnegie Corporation by the Colleges of Engineering and Architecture, supported by the Colleges of Agriculture, Arts and Sciences, and by President Farrand. Cornell’s fledgling but popular course of study in planning, its large diverse student body, a faculty that was experienced at working across disciplinary and college lines, and Gilmore D. Clarke, who was

The Early Years

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Planning Emerges at Cornell 17

ready to lead the new program were all in its favor. Cornell received a three-year grant to start a program in regional planning.

Cornell’s planning story thus formally begins in February 1935 when Gilmore Clarke, the first Board of Trustees appointed professor of regional planning, initiated a full series of lectures on planning, given mainly by visiting architects, landscape architects, and engineers. In 1938 Thomas W. Mackesey, one of the first persons in the nation to hold an advanced degree in planning from MIT, joined the faculty and, with further Carnegie support, developed courses in planning history, zoning, and field work. Three years later, in 1941, the New York State Regents approved a formal degree program in planning, in 1943 Leslie Stott O’Gwynn Jr., received the first Master of Regional Planning degree.

Until the end of World War II only two other students completed the MRP degree, although many undergraduates in architecture, engineering, and from the arts college took courses in planning. It was not until the spring term of 1945–46 that the first true class of graduate candidates arrived. In 1950 Frederick Edmundson joined the college’s landscape architecture faculty and offered courses in site planning: now called urban design. His class projects dealt with faraway places: a uranium-mining town in Canada, Waikiki Beach in Hawaii, the oil shale industry in Colorado, and the Grand Bahamas resort area. It was around this time that the doctorate was approved and the first PhD degree in planning was awarded to Robert Hoover. Hoover and another graduate, John Reps, taught part-time while serving consecutive terms directing the Broome County Planning Department. In 1952 Reps joined the faculty full-time and became the first chairman of the new Department of City and Regional Planning, a position he held for 12 years. During

ABOVE Students working on a planning project, c. late 1950s. Photo: Collection of John Reps.

Page 18

TOP Thomas (Tom) Mackesey (second from left) with students, from left to right, S.S.H. Kirmani, Herb Smith, unknown, John Vatet, Bob Hoover in a bow tie, the first PhD to graduate from the department, Mohammed Ali, and unknown. Photo: Cornell University Archives.

BOTTOM Student Carmen Torres, one of the first women to graduate from the department, instructor Frederick (Fred) Edmundson, and two others in the late 1950s. Photo: Cornell University Archives.

TOP Fred Edmundson, instructor, and students working on a physical planning project in a posed picture. Photo: Cornell University Archives.

BOTTOM John Reps (front, third from left), Fred Edmundson, and students in 1960. Photo: Collection of John Reps.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, several classes offered within the university’s architecture, horticulture, and later landscape architecture programs addressed large-scale planning and design issues that became the central foci of the soon-to-emerge planning curriculum.


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that time, he also developed courses in city planning law, practice, and administration, and instituted two additional joint degrees in law and city management and public administration with the Business School. By the end of the 1950s enrollment averaged 12–16 students, not counting those who were enrolled in joint degrees. Several faculty who went on to shape the department in important ways joined Cornell around this time including: Stuart Stein, Glenn Beyer, Barclay Jones, Alan Feldt (who had a joint appointment in the Department of Sociology), Jack Fischer, Fred Clark, Coleman Woodbury, and more.

In 1957 K. C. Parsons (MRP ’53), who became department chairman in 1964 and later served as dean of the college, moved from professional work in Cleveland to Cornell to offer courses in planning practice, urban renewal, and design-oriented field work. The addition of required courses from other colleges on campus rounded out what was by then a strong and varied planning curriculum. The primary aim of the curriculum was the preparation of planners for work related to the physical planning, design, construction, and management of the city. Students focused on courses that introduced them to the comprehensive planning process, land use policymaking and administration, infrastructure investment, urban design, and site planning.

OPPOSITE Plate prepared as part of an invited submission for the 2006 Venice Biennale. It illustrates student work to rehabilitate and develop the Faubourg St. Roch Market, one of the only intact historic markets in New Orleans. Initial documentation was done as part of a Measured Drawing class, and students later worked with stakeholders and community partners during the HPP/CRP Work Week to prepare a rehabilitation plan; instructor Jeffrey Chusid. Collage: John Gunderlach.

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1935 Gilmore D. Clarke First Professor of Regional Planning

1938–52 Thomas W. Mackesey1952–64 John W. Reps1964–69 Kermit C. Parsons1969–70 Stuart W. Stein

Acting Chair while Parsons was on leave

1970–71 Kermit C. Parsons1971–74 Barclay Jones

Chair, Department of Policy Planning and Regional Analysis (PPRA)

1971–75 Stuart W. Stein Chair, Department of Urban Planning and Analysis

1974–75 Sidney Saltzman Chair, PPRA

1975–82 Sidney Saltzman1982–88 William W. Goldsmith1988–91 David Lewis1991–94 Richard Booth1994–98 Porus Olpadwala1998–01 John Forester2001–04 Pierre Clavel2004–07 Kenneth Reardon2007–08 William W. Goldsmith2008– Kieran Donaghy

City and Regional Planning became a formal department after World War II.

Past Department Chairs

OPPOSITE “Central Gary: 1980,” central business district redevelopment plan for Gary, Indiana; instructor K.C. Parsons, 1959. CRP has a long history of engaging with the physical city and social processes through such revitalization plans. Photo: Cornell University Archives.

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1938–50 Gilmore D. Clarke1951–60 Thomas W. Mackesey1960–71 Burnham Kelly1971–80 Kermit C. Parsons1983–84 Ian Stewart Acting Dean

1998–04 Porus Olpadwala

Past AAP Deans from Planning


OPPOSITE Map of Ithaca by K.C. Parsons for his master’s thesis, 1953. Photo: Collection of John Reps.

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No urban planner had greater impact on the American landscape in the 20th century than Gilmore D. Clarke, founder and first professor of regional planning at Cornell. A 1913 graduate of Cornell’s Department of Rural Art, Clarke rejected a lucrative career in private estate design to become the leading public works landscape architect of his time. In Westchester County in the 1920s he helped design the first modern parkways in the world, and used them to connect together a vast regional network of playgrounds, beaches, and forest preserves. Clarke’s Westchester system was emulated as far away as Germany and China, but it was Robert Moses who recognized in this first landscape of the motor age the means by which he might realize his “cherished ambition… to weave together the loose strands and frayed edges of New York’s arterial and metropolitan tapestry.”1

By the 1930s the two men had launched a professional collaboration that would span 50 years. With Moses, Clarke and his partner, Michael Rapuano (Cornell ’27), reinvented the city’s park infrastructure during the New Deal, building hundreds of new playgrounds, pools, and waterfront recreation areas in one of the most heroic chapters in American planning history. Clarke and Rapuano would go on to plan both the 1939 and 1964 World’s Fairs; the United Nations complex; the Idlewild Airport (now known as the John F. Kennedy Airport); the Grand Central, Belt, Garden State, and Palisades Parkways; the Van Wyck, Major Deegan, and Brooklyn-Queens Expressways; and scores of public housing and urban renewal projects throughout the New York metropolitan area. Planning studies Clarke and Rapuano prepared in the post-war years—for Portland, Nashville, Pittsburgh, Flint, and other American cities—carried their message of urban modernity from coast to coast.

Clarke was a pioneering educator. In 1934, while riding back from Chicago on the 20th Century Limited, Clarke fell into conversation with Frederick P. Keppel, then head of the Carnegie Corporation of New York. Keppel told Clarke that the Carnegie Corporation had just funded a new city planning program at MIT, and was looking to seed a similar venture elsewhere. Clarke suggested that the new program stress collaborative, interdisciplinary education. “I think you ought to set up a course somewhere,” he told Keppel, “where instruction in city planning would be so broad, and of such great interest, that people from different areas of

Gilmore D. ClarkeFirst Professor of Regional PlanningThomas J. Campanella

CRP PROFILE


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study in a university, no matter whether they were sociologists, economists, or engineers, would come and put their heads together in seminars and discuss the problems of the city from their own points of view.” 2 In the meantime, President Livingston Farrand and the deans of engineering, architecture, agriculture, and Arts and Sciences submitted a proposal to the Carnegie Corporation. A year after their meeting, Keppel invited Clarke and Farrand to lunch at the Century Club in New York, where he announced that the Carnegie Corporation was ready to fund a chair in city planning at Cornell for a period of three years, on the condition that Clarke would accept the position.

Clarke’s first course was a history of city planning, followed by a survey on planning theory. The new material was a hit. “I succeeded by some strange magic in attracting a pretty good cross section of the students in the university,” Clarke recalled. “I not only had architectural and engineering students, [but] a good many from agriculture, economics, sociology, and government.” 2 By 1938, at the end of the three-year Carnegie trial period, City and Regional Planning had become a permanent part of Cornell’s educational landscape. Clarke himself became dean of the College of Architecture, and would serve in that role until 1950, spending three days a week in Ithaca and the balance in New York City.


ABOVE Gilmore D. Clarke. Photo: Collection of Department of City and Regional Planning.

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THOMAS W. MACKESEY Chair 1938–1952

ABOVE Cornell vice provost Tom Mackesey announcing the university’s most extensive construction program in its history,an effort involving 27 buildings and more than $82 million, c. 1960. Photo: Cornell University Archives.

Thomas W. Mackesey came to Cornell in 1938, hired by Professor Gilmore Clarke for the new graduate program in city and regional planning. A native of Lynn, Massachusetts, Mackesey held one of the nation’s first professional master’s degrees in city planning from MIT, where he’d already earned a bachelor’s in architecture.

Mackesey was the prime mover in developing coursework and a strong library for CRP. During the 1950s Mackesey also performed location studies for Brasilia, the new capital of Brazil, as well as work for New York State on the development of the

St. Lawrence Seaway. In 1964 President James Perkins tapped Mackesey for the office of vice provost (later vice president) for planning. In the next decade Cornell would complete nearly $90 million worth of new buildings.

Under Mackesey’s supervision as Cornell’s chief planner during the construction boom of the ’60s and ’70s, Cornell built several important buildings including Uris Hall and the Johnson Museum of Art, designed by the revered I.M. Pei.

CRP PROFILE

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JOHN W. REPS Chair 1952–1964

ABOVE John Reps in his office. Photo: Collection of Department of City and Regional Planning.

Professor Emeritus John W. Reps is no less than a “National Planning Pioneer” and “the father of American planning history,” according to the designation awarded him by the American Institute of Certified Planners in 1996. He also received the Distinguished Planning Educator Award from the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning. Author of the seminal work The Making of Urban America (1965), Reps has 13 other books, including Town Planning in Frontier America (1969), Cities of the American West (1980, winner of the Beveridge Award from the American Historical Association), and Bird’s Eye Views: Historic Lithographs of North American Cities (1998). A graduate of Cornell (MRP ’47) John Reps taught city and regional planning

at Cornell from 1952 to 1987, chairing the department from 1952 to 1964. He also served for three years as director of planning for Broome County, New York, and spent several years on the Ithaca planning board.

“I ought to add that I did things in the exact opposite way that any sensible person would have proceeded. Normally a scholar…would do a series of regional studies … on individual cities, and then toward the end of his life, in the twilight years, try and pull it all together in a grand synthesis. Well, I never really thought about it. I just got interested in the country as a whole and how its cities got planned ... [it] gave me scaffolding on which I could then begin to build more detailed studies of individual cities.”

CRP PROFILE

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The 1960s were a time of great social awareness and political upheaval throughout the country and the world. Planning practice and education expanded and changed accordingly. At Cornell enrollment increased to about 80 students; several professors with advanced degrees in the social sciences were added to the faculty; Burnham Kelly, a planning lawyer and housing researcher, became dean of the college; and there was much community assistance, outreach, and research activity.

Under the vigorous leadership of Barclay Jones—an architect, planner, and economist—the doctoral program offered numerous fellowships in the environmental health and comprehensive health training programs. In addition, for several years the department received large grants from the Mellon Trust. Other major department involvements included the United States-Yugoslav project; the development of a graduate program in planning at the University of Puerto Rico (with sizeable assistance from the Ford Foundation); and a series of research contracts with the New York State Urban Development Corporation. Alan Feldt, a sociologist with prior training as a physicist, who later went on to receive an ACSP Distinguished Planning Educator Award, brought in large federally funded research and training grants. During this time, an associated research center, PURS, or the Program on Urban and Regional Studies, was set up to administer and support research grants.

The 1960s and 1970s:The Policy and Physical Planning Divide

ABOVE Burnham Kelly, dean of AAP, 1960–1971. Photo: AAP Communications.

BELOW Cover of Burnham Kelly’s book, Design and the Production of Houses. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959.

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Because of the growth in enrollment, research activity, and the increasing distinction between the city ‘physical’ and the city ‘social,’ two distinct departments were formed in the early 1970s: Urban Planning and Development, chaired by Stuart Stein, an architect and planner who had come to Cornell some years earlier from private practice, and Policy Planning and Regional Analysis, chaired by Jones. The first was focused on the department’s traditional urban design and physical planning concentration and the other focused on the rigorous analysis of social problems confronting the city.

Although academically successful, the division proved to be expensive. In 1976 the departments were merged to form the Department of City and Regional Planning and Sidney Saltzman, a computing specialist and engineer, was elected chairman. Within the newly reunified and reorganized Department of City and Regional Planning there remained a concentration in environmental planning and physical design and a second concentration in economic development at the community and regional level. More importantly, a departmental culture evolved that accepted the legitimacy of diverse approaches: theory building, analytical, descriptive, and codification work, action-oriented professional practice and work with established institutions as well as a strong commitment to social justice and social change. At that point, some 160 students were in residence, and by the end of this period 700 graduate degrees had been conferred through the department.

… a departmental culture evolved that accepted the legitimacy of diverse approaches: theory building, analytical, descriptive, and codification work, action-oriented professional practice and work with established institutions, as well as a strong commitment to social justice and social change.

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KERMIT C. PARSONS Chair 1964–1969, 1970–1971

ABOVE K.C. Parsons speaking at the Red Key Honor Society Calendar Benefit in Franklin Hall (now Tjaden) lecture theater, which hosted many CRP speakers and events. Photo: Collection of John Reps.


CRP PROFILE

A planner with deep local and international concerns, K.C. Parsons served the College of Architecture, Art, and Planning for over 40 years, from 1957 until his retirement in August 1999. He died just four months later. His final work was the Green Cities Conference.

As dean, Parsons helped establish the architecture program in Washington and to reunite planning studies, then under two departments, into the single Department of City and Regional Planning. He was also instrumental in starting the process to bring the Clarence Stein letters to Cornell. Throughout his career Parsons served as a consultant to cities and universities around

the world. Among his clients were the University of the Philippines, the University of Puerto Rico, the University of Ife in Nigeria, and the World Bank, for which he advised on agricultural markets in Mexico and Korea.

Parsons was also deeply involved in planning issues at home, both on campus and in the City of Ithaca. In the mid-1960s he was among the designers of the urban renewal plan for downtown Ithaca and in 1968 he published The Cornell Campus: A History of Its Planning and Development, widely regarded as a model for campus planning studies.

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STUART W. STEIN Chair 1969–1970 (Acting), 1971–1975

ABOVE Stuart (Stu) Stein. Photographer unknown.

CRP PROFILE

Stuart W. Stein graduated with a BA in architecture in 1952, a MA in city planning in 1954 from MIT, and served as the principal planner for the Rhode Island Development Council from 1954-1957. In 1957, he became a partner in Blair and Stein Associates, a planning consulting firm in Providence, RI, Washington, DC, and Syracuse, NY, where he worked until 1962 when he moved to Cornell. He retired in 1993.

Coming to Ithaca did not mean sinking into quiet small town life. The first year he was asked by the City Planning Board to come up with a way to save the city’s decaying downtown. He and three other planning professors developed a plan for what was to

become The Commons, a pedestrian mall. He remained actively involved in numerous elected and appointed positions, including being chair of the New York State Board on Historic Preservation and of the Tompkins County Legislature. Unlike many physical planners, who concern themselves mainly with efficiency and attractive design, Stein has had a strong commitment to putting planning decisions in a broader context—a commitment that Cornell planners still hold. “Cities are planned and designed to carry out social and economic functions. That’s why I’ve always been more interested in neighborhoods, towns, villages, and cities as opposed to regions or countries.”

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BARCLAY JONES Chair 1971–1974


ABOVE Barclay Jones. Photo: Collection of Michael Tomlan.

CRP PROFILE

A faculty member at Cornell from 1961, Barclay Jones was instrumental in the growth of the graduate programs in City and Regional Planning and in Historic Preservation Planning. He received the Distinguished Planning Educator Award from the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning.

In his professional career, Jones was a sought-after consultant, working for municipalities throughout the Northeast and for governments around the world. He also worked with the United Nations and the U.S. State Department. Jones published over 50 articles on issues ranging from city planning to historic preservation to disaster

planning. He was recognized as an authority on earthquake damage prevention and wrote prolifically on the subject.

Barclay Jones’s commitment to his students was fabled, as was his collection of bow ties. It is estimated that he served as chair for over one-third of all the students who received doctoral degrees in city and regional planning from Cornell, in addition to working with other graduate and undergraduate students. He was known to meet with students at all hours of the day, granting each student personal and focused attention.

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SIDNEY SALTZMAN Chair 1975–1982

ABOVE Sid Saltzman. Photo: William Staffeld.

CRP PROFILE

Sid Saltzman’s research interests focus on regional modeling, regional science, economic development, and public policy analysis in both the United States and abroad. Saltzman has taught, lectured, and/or consulted in various countries, and co-organized major conferences and workshops on energy planning, large-scale social science models, regional science, and spatial econometrics.

As Saltzman has remarked, “I’ve focused my teaching and research on the application of quantitative methods for a variety of reasons. I believe all students should develop a basic understanding of how to use various quantitative techniques not

necessarily because they will use them in their own professional and research work but because they will need to protect themselves (and their clients) from the intentional and/or unintentional incorrect use of these techniques by others. In terms of my own research and professional work, the use of quantitative methods is often fun and may provide new insights into issues that may not be obtained any other way. (On the other hand, if applied incorrectly, their use may be worse than no such formal analysis.) Of course, a similar and correct argument can be made for teaching other planning methods (e.g., design, expository writing, etc.) and these should be treated in a parallel manner in the curriculum.”

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Cornell’s Evolving Programs

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Cornell's Evolving Programs 39

In the late 1970s and 1980s three vital additions to the graduate curriculum emerged—the programs in historic preservation, regional science, and international studies— as well as the undergraduate program in urban and regional studies. By the 1990s a graduate program in real estate was also added. In addition to existing joint degree programs with landscape architecture and architecture and law, joint degree programs with real estate and public administration were introduced. A master’s international program in partnership with the Peace Corps was also established, allowing MRP students an opportunity to combine a Cornell learning experience with a hands-on Peace Corps community building experience. Joint faculty appointments also continued to be made. Earlier appointments had been with sociology, rural sociology, architecture, women’s studies, and landscape architecture, and in the 2000s with programs on Asian American studies and Latino studies.

OPPOSITE As part of a spring break field trip in CRP395, with instructor George Franz, students worked in New Orleans conducting a residents’ survey, preparing a property conditions inventory, and developing recom-mendations for park and recreation facilities, transportation, housing, and community gardens for ACORN Housing Division. Photo: Bob Barker, Cornell University Photography.

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In 1962 Cornell began offering historic preservation courses and in 1970 it became a minor concentration. The program became a major concentration in 1975. Stephen Jacobs, professor of architecture in the College of Architecture, Art, and Planning and first director of the program, along with Professor Barclay Jones, developed the early courses. Professor Ian Stewart served as the next director from 1978 until 1988, when current director, Michael Tomlan, assumed the position.

Cornell was one of the first institutions in the country to offer preservation courses and continues to be an international leader in the field. Graduates with a master’s degree in historic preservation planning work in state historic preservation offices, local planning agencies, landmark commissions, and private architectural and restoration firms. They also teach and perform research in the field. Degrees have been awarded to almost 200 students.

Historic Preservation

ABOVE Ian Stewart, director of the Historic Preservation Program from 1978–1988 and dean of AAP, 1983–1984. Photo: Collection of the Department of City and Regional Planning.

OPPOSITE TOP Building materials conservation field trip to Alfred and Angelica, NY, visiting an early 19th century nine-sided barn; instructor Jeffrey Chusid. Photo: Jeffrey Chusid.

OPPOSITE BOTTOM Historic preservation work weekend in Shelburne, NY, in Sullivan County. The project was the Shelburne Playhouse. Photo: Collection of the Historic Preservation Program.

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Michael Tomlan is a historic preservation educator who teaches the history of urban development, documentation techniques, problems in contemporary preservation planning practice, and museum planning and development. Coming to the department in 1979 as an instructor, Professor Tomlan directs the graduate program in historic preservation planning and Cornell’s Clarence S. Stein Institute for Urban and Landscape Studies.

Since 1992, Professor Tomlan has been president of Historic Urban Plans, Inc., an Ithaca-based business. In 2009 he received the James Marston Fitch Award for lifetime achievement in preservation education.


CRP PROFILE

MICHAEL TOMLAN

ABOVE Michael Tomlan leading CRP orientation tour in fall 2009. Photo: William Staffeld.

BELOW Cover of Michael Tomlan’s book, Tinged With Gold: Hop Culture in the United States. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1992.

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Walter Isard, the founder and guiding spirit behind the two academic disciplines of regional science and peace studies, is a leading authority in regional economics and development, peace economics, and science. Isard founded the Regional Science Association, now with some 2,000 members and 30 international sections, and launched the Journal of Regional Science, the flagship journal in the field. In the early 1960s he founded the Peace Science Society to bring rigorous analytical tools to the study of international conflicts and founded the Journal of Peace Science, later renamed Conflict Management and Peace Science.

A member of the National Academy of Sciences, as well as a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Isard has published prolifically, authoring hundreds of articles, reports, and book chapters, including over two dozen edited and authored books.

CRP PROFILE

WALTER ISARD

ABOVE Walter Isard. Photo: AAP Communications.

BELOW Cover of Walter Isard’s book titled, History of Regional Science and the Regional Science Association International: the Be-ginnings and Early History. Berlin: Springer, 2003. This is the most recent in a list of over two dozen texts, edited or authored alone or with colleagues, since Isard’s first book published in 1952.

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Regional Science

In 1972 professors Stanislaw Czamanski, Walter Isard, Barclay Jones, and Sid Saltzman organized the graduate program in regional science under the administrative auspices of the department. Professor Iwan Azis has taught in regional science since 1992 and directs the graduate program.

Regional science is a field in which diverse combinations of analytical and empirical research methods are brought to bear in the study of socioeconomic problems with a prominent regional or spatial character, often in the support of planning and policy analysis. Among other subjects, regional scientists study interindustry trade, the environment and natural resource use, industrial location, migration and demographic change, transportation and land use, spatial agglomeration and segregation of activities, and methodological challenges posed by the statistical analysis of spatial data. The graduate program in regional science, which has conferred more than 50 doctorates and 70 master’s degrees, is presently the only such degree-conferring program in the United States.

ABOVE Matthew (Matt) Drennan with students. Photographer unknown.

OPPOSITE Stanislaw (Stan) Czamanski. Photo: AAP Communications.

BELOW Cover of seminal text titled, Methods of Interregional and Regional Analysis, edited by Walter Isard, Iwan Azis, Matt Drennan, Ronald Miller, Sid Saltzman, and Erik Thorbecke. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998.

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In the late 1960s growing interest in community, metropolitan, and national planning within developing countries, along with an escalating interest in comparative studies of human settlement and urban policymaking among domestic scholars, led to the formation of International Studies in Planning, which is both a concentration within CRP and a program of the Mario Einaudi Center for International Studies. An early emphasis on international development planning with courses on project planning, urbanization, and development theory broadened starting in the 1980s to include coursework and research on participatory planning with a particular emphasis on gendered and other effects, the role of NGOs and other community-based actors, as well as an increasing focus on understanding the environmental, economic, political, and social consequences of the current urban transformation. The program provides funding for students to travel and conduct research in various contexts.

Cornell’s International Studies in Planning (ISP) program represents one of the nation’s first and most highly regarded graduate planning programs designed to train future generations of international development policymakers, urban planners, researchers, and critics. The global reputation of this program, supplemented by the success of its graduates, brought a significant number of international graduate students to the department long before most other schools experienced this phenomenon. While the presence of these international students continues to make a critical contribution to enhancing CRP’s students’ awareness of diverse global contexts, more recently a faculty effort to incorporate an international dimension into the core curriculum has been instrumental in strengthening CRP’s tradition as one of the only planning departments that does not create thematic silos within its MRP program.

International Studies in Planning

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LEFT Poster announcing evening seminar with speakers Ignacio Armillas of UN-Habitat, architect Jonathan Ferrari, and Cornell English professor Dagmawi Woubshet. Seminar hosted by David Driskell, Jeremy Foster, and Neema Kudva. Poster design: Prasad Khanolkar and David Driskell.

Page 48

TOP Students in the Urban Africa Studio presenting to community partners in Nairobi, Kenya. The studio included students in planning, architecture, landscape architecture, and engineering; instructors David Driskell and Jeremy Foster. Photo: Jeremy Foster.

BOTTOM Images from Ashley Russell’s (MRP ’06) work on economic development and cultural change given the state’s partnership with private entrepreneurs for redevelopment in the historic Bai small town of Xizhou, in southwest China. Built by a wealthy Nationalist coal merchant in the 1930s, the sprawling yet deteriorating Dong Family Mansion was leased in 2000 by a local orchid grower with grand plans for a new brand of ‘authentic’ restoration to create tourism revenue; plans that were constrained by a lack of both power and resources. Photos: Ashley Russell.

TOP Barbara Lynch (center), director of ISP from 1996 to 2003 and director of the URS program from 2003 to 2005, with students in her office. Photo: William Staffeld.

BOTTOM Images from CRP doctoral student Sudeshna Mitra’s field work. Mitra is studying real estate development on the outskirts of two Indian cities. The image on the right shows McMansions in Cyberabad, Hyderabad’s iconic IT subcity of campuses, golf courses, shopping malls, and gated communities, while the image on the left is of Rajarhat, a new high-end township with specialty hospitals, malls, and IT campuses promoted by the West Bengal State Housing Department in Kolkata. Photos: Sudeshna Mitra.

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Zulu Boys soccer club led a photo tour of Kibera for students in the Growing Up in Nairobi project; instructor David Driskell. Photo: David Driskell.

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LOURDES BENERÍA The First Female Tenured Faculty Member


ABOVE Lourdes Benería with student. Photo: William Staffeld

CRP PROFILE

Lourdes Benería, an economist, joined CRP in 1987 in a joint appointment with Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies (FGSS, previously Women’s Studies). While Dorothy Nelkin, a professor of sociology who made her home in Science and Technology Studies taught several courses in the department in the 1970s, Benería was the first woman tenured in CRP. At Cornell, she has directed the Latin American Studies Program, the Gender and Global Change program, and the ISP program at various times. Her work and multiple publications have focused on issues related to labor and the informal economy, women’s work, gender and development, globalization, the feminization of migration, and Latin American development. Her publications

include several books (most recently, Gender, Development, and Globalization: Economics as if All People Mattered), six coedited volumes with colleagues, and many articles in journals, and the popular press.

Parallel to her academic work, Benería has been involved in activities of international organizations such as the International Labor Organization (ILO), United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). She has also collaborated with activist organizations and international solidarity groups. Benería is recipient of the Narcis Monturiol Award given by the Catalan government for her contribution to the social sciences.

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Clockwise from top left

1 Sobhagya Komarakul from Thailand, the first woman to graduate from the MRP program in 1956. Photo: Collection of the Kroch Archives, Cornell University.

2 Doctoral student Lesli Hoey in 2010 with community members in a Bolivian highland town where she is researching local level implementation of Bolivia’s Zero Malnutrition Program. Photo: Collection of Lesli Hoey.

3 Lourdes Benería and Marcela González Rivas with students during a field trip to UN Headquarters in New York City. Photo: Collection of Marcela González Rivas .

4 MRP student discussing her poster on modernization processes and cities with a colleague. Photo: Ann Forsyth.

5 Doctoral student Ruth Yabes, c. 1985–1986, with staff from the National Irrigation Administration Office of the Ilocos Norte Irrigation Project at the construction site of the Solsona Dam, northern Luzon island, Philippines. Yabes was studying a participatory planning project that sought to involve local farmers in the design and construction of a regional irrigation project. Photo: Collection of Ruth Yabes.

1 2

3

5 4

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The URS program began in 1981 as a two-year interdisciplinary CRP sponsored major for juniors and seniors. In 1985 CRP began planning to transform the two-year Urban and Regional Studies (URS) major into a four-year major, in which students would be admitted as freshmen. The faculty, with the college, made a very specific and clear decision to develop this major along the lines of Cornell’s best known liberal arts majors in the College of Arts and Sciences.

The first freshmen joined the program in the fall of 1987. URS uses urban studies as a lens for a liberal arts, nonprofessional degree. Students explore how social and economic forces shape and change cities, what these changes mean for people in their daily lives, and are introduced to the methods used to study cities and regions. Students are also encouraged to take up summer internships, study in the Cornell in Washington program, and to study abroad as they learn how citizens, community groups, planners, and policymakers can work together to make productive, safe, lively, and livable places. The program’s small size (about 25 graduates each year) encourages close working relationships with faculty.

Urban and Regional Studies

ABOVE Illustration from neighborhood analysis of Quadraro for the Rome Neighborhood Workshop; instructors Mildred Warner and Gregory Smith, 2010. Illustration: Nate Baker, Sarina Cirit, Mia Ficerai, and Ryan Richards.

OPPOSITE TOP URS students at an exhibition of Cornell Urban Scholars Program curated by Julie McIntyre (far right). Photo: William Staffeld.

OPPOSITE BOTTOM URS student conversing with community members at a mosque in India during a field trip organized by MOAAP, the Minority Organization of Architecture, Art, and Planning students, which includes undergraduates from across the college; instructor Jeffrey Chusid. Photo: Jeffrey Chusid.

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Also affiliated with the department is Cornell’s Program in Real Estate. In this two-year interdisciplinary graduate program, started in the 1990s, students take courses across various fields including city and regional planning, business, and hotel administration. The program is at once comprehensive, specialized, and flexible. A comprehensive required core insures that students understand real estate from a variety of perspectives—developer, owner, investor, financier, operator, and user—and from the discipline foundations—architecture, construction management, development, finance, investment and deal structuring, law, transactions, property management, urban economics and planning—that apply in the industry. There are several concentrations from which to choose, including sustainable development, and the recently instituted graduate minor in real estate. The result is broad, professionally educated graduates equipped to provide leadership across the real estate industry.

Real Estate

OPPOSITE TOP Robert (Bob) Abrams, founder of the Program in Real Estate at Cornell. Photo: Collection of Program in Real Estate.

OPPOSITE BOTTOM LEFT Students enjoy a light moment with guest speaker Richard Baker, president/CEO of National Realty & Development Corp., during the weekly Real Estate Industry seminar. Photo: Collection of Program in Real Estate.

OPPOSITE BOTTOM RIGHT Pike Oliver, lecturer in real estate. Photo: Collection of Program in Real Estate.

BELOW David Funk, director of the Program in Real Estate. Photo: William Staffeld.

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CRP in the World

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Striving to find a balance given the productive tension between professional practice and public service, and academic research and teaching has marked CRP’s engagement with the world. Since the field workshops of early years, planning students have been engaged in work worldwide through classes, internships, field trips, and applied research. Many bridge between departments such as the activities of the recently formed student-led outreach group DesignConnect, the pro bono development consulting group Cornell Global Solutions, or the teams that compete in various competitions including the Urban Land Institute’s Gerald D. Hines Student Urban Design Competition.

Department faculty lead a number of ongoing research and outreach projects including: Lourdes Benería’s comparative study of policies with an emphasis on Spain and Latin America to balance family and labor market work; Pierre Clavel’s Progressive Cities Archives Project, profiling progressive mayors from across the United States; the Creative Economy Project by Susan Christopherson; the Regional Infrastructure and Air Quality Planning Project led by Kieran Donaghy; the national award-winning Design for Health Project led by Ann Forsyth; Neema Kudva’s small cities project in India and East Africa; Project Planning workshops, most recently in Haiti, led by David Lewis; Rolf Pendall’s Building Regional Resilience Project; numerous historic preservation initiatives in Asia led by Michael Tomlan, Jeff Chusid, and Thomas Hahn; and the national Linking Economic Development and Child Care Research Project, directed by Mildred Warner.

Here we highlight some of the places and realms where CRP students and faculty have engaged over the years.

OPPOSITE Zoe Daniels, then country director of Mercy Corps, Uganda, MRP student Akosua Asare, and Godfrey Kayongo from local NGO partner, KCCC, working on a livelihood survey in Kampala. The survey was part of a year-long project, which included coursework and summer research internships with Mercy Corps in Ethiopia, Uganda, and Zimbabwe; instructor Neema Kudva with assistance from Nick McDonald, Mercy Corps, Portland, OR, 2007. Photo: Andrew Rumbach.

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CRP PROFILE

SUSAN CHRISTOPHERSON First Woman to be Promoted to Full Professor in CRP

ABOVE Susan Christopherson. Photo: William Staffeld.

Susan Christopherson, J. Thomas Clark Professor in the Department of City and Regional Planning, came to Cornell in 1987. With Margaret Wilder and Lourdes Benería, Susan Christopherson brought the number of tenured and tenure-track women in the department in the late 1980s to three. She was also the first woman to be promoted to full professor from within the department.

Christopherson is an economic geographer with a Berkeley PhD whose research and teaching focus on economic and social poli-cy, economic development, urban labor mar-kets, and the media industries. Her research includes both international and U.S. policy-

oriented projects. Her international research includes studies in Canada, Mexico, China, Germany, and Jordan as well as multicountry studies. She has held several distinguished fellow positions and has been honored for her work. Her book, Remaking Regional Economies: Power, Labor, and Firm Strate-gies in the Knowledge Economy (with Jennifer Clark, 2007) focuses on barriers to regional economic development in the U.S. economy and was awarded the 2009 Best Book Award by the Regional Studies Association.

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WILLIAM W. GOLDSMITH Chair 1982–1988, 2007–2008

ABOVE William (Bill) Goldsmith in Brazil. Photo: Rosie Hoyem.

CRP PROFILE

In 1967, after a year of teaching at the University of Puerto Rico and as he was finishing his PhD in the department under Barclay Jones, William W. Goldsmith began teaching at Cornell. He was hired to teach and conduct research on international planning, matters of race and ethnicity, residential segregation, urbanization, and regional development in the United States and Latin America. His book Separate Societies: Poverty and Inequality in U.S. Cities, with Edward Blakely won the Paul Davidoff Award from the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning in 1993 and has just been published in its second substantively revised edition; forthcoming is

a book on prospects for better urban policy. Goldsmith chaired the department in the 1980s and again in 2007–2008.

Bill’s happiest moments with colleagues and students at Cornell’s CRP include a mix of domestic and international involvements: teaching at the new Puerto Rico program in 1966; the founding of the International Studies in Planning program (ISP) in 1970; setting up Planners Network; recruiting three women to the faculty in the 1980s; directing the URS program and the Cornell in Rome program; and establishing the Brazilian Cities program.

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United States of America

Canada

East AsiaWhereWeAreCornell graduates continue to make their mark on the world, through positions in government, nonprofit agencies, international organizations, universities, and the private sector in well over 70 countries. On the following two pages are a selection of recent published works by Cornell alumni. A larger selection of publications by alumni and faculty is available at http://www.aap.cornell.edu/crp/75/.

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SouthAsia

Mexico &Central America

U.K.

MiddleEast

EasternEurope &Central

Asia

Australia& Oceania

Western Europe

SoutheastAsia

Africa

Latin America & Caribbean

East Asia

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The New York City program for the college, which included a CRP component, was originally run by K.C. Parsons and Stuart Stein in the 1960s and 1970s with a grant obtained by Dean Kelly. The program was revived in the mid-2000s by Dean Mostafavi. Departmental activities continue today. In the early years, CRP students worked summer internships in NYC agencies coupled with an evening class each week in the city. In later years Professor Roger Trancik, who had a joint appointment in CRP and landscape architecture taught planning studios in New York, while Ann-Margaret Esnard conducted Environmental Justice and GIS workshops in collaboration with community organizations in the South Bronx, Harlem, and the Ironbound section of Newark, NJ.

Three recent programs are illustrative of CRP’s continued engagement with NYC. A Cornell-wide program based in CRP, the Cornell Urban Scholars Program (CUSP), ran from 2002 to 2009 and was dedicated to supporting the efforts of New York City’s most innovative nonprofit organizations and local government agencies to eliminate the fundamental causes of poverty. Each year 25 to 30 students participated in a preparation class and summer internship; later graduate student research fellows were added. The Growing Up in New York City (GUiNYC) program, also Cornell-wide but based in CRP, ran from 2005 to 2007. Along with coursework in CRP, the program included summer internships for select undergraduate and graduate students with five community-based nonprofits and schools that work with children and youth in low-income, immigrant neighborhoods. GUiNYC partnered with the organizations to use participatory action research tools to encourage and support young people to make significant changes in their neighborhoods. The Cornell Urban Mentorship Initiative (CUMI), started in 2007, is a year-long, long distance mentorship program that combines online communication with face-to-face interaction. CUMI matches 30 Cornell undergraduate students with 30 eighth graders from the Urban Assembly School for the Urban Environment (UE) in Bedford Stuyvesant, Brooklyn.

CRP in New York City

OPPOSITE TOP Students in the Cornell Urban Scholars Program (CUSP) tour the city with MRP alumnus Bob Balder. Photo: Collection of the Department of City and Regional Planning.

OPPOSITE BOTTOM CUSP orientation activity in AAP NYC space. Photo: Ann Forsyth.

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Clockwise from top left

1 Arturo Sanchez taking MRP students on a spring field trip through Jackson Heights in Queens, NY. Photo: Ann Turcotte.

2 Students meeting with community leaders from the Ironbound Community Corporation in Newark, NJ. They were part of an environmental justice/GIS workshop that brought students from AAP, engineering, natural resources, and the biological sciences together with a group of community partners in the South Bronx, Harlem, and New Jersey; instructor Ann-Margaret Esnard. Photo: Collection of Ann- Margaret Esnard.

3 Illustration from the Urban Systems Studio: Designing Cities in the Electronic Age; instructor Roger Trancik. Illustration: Zac and Zlata.

4 Youth participants from the Jackson Heights group (with CRP student participants standing on right) presenting at the all-site meeting of the Growing Up in NYC (GUiNYC) program at the Lower East Side site in Manhattan. GUiNYC brought together Cornell students and five community partners in Harlem, the Bronx, Manhattan, and Queens, to support young people in making significant changes in their neighborhoods; instructor David Driskell. Photo: David Driskell.

5 Graffiti image painted by GUiNYC youth participants. Photo: David Driskell.

6 Illustration from the Urban Systems Studio: Designing Cities in the Electronic Age; instructor Roger Trancik. Illustration: Marquared and Hegedis.

5

6

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Upstate New York is CRP’s natural setting. Over the years faculty have been centrally involved in Ithaca and the region, both through shorter-term research projects and course-based commitments, and through longer-term professional and political involvements, as the text of this book continually notes. Students are involved as researchers, interns, field workers, and through coursework, particularly in workshops in various cities including Ithaca, Lansing, the Village of Cayuga Heights, Utica, Binghamton, and more.

Recent longer-term programs include the Rochester Project, which included various community-based, economic development and workforce initiatives with funding from the city of Rochester, the Annie E. Casey Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Labor. Five department faculty as well as more than 50 students at the undergraduate and graduate levels were involved in this project. Similarly, the Liberty Project involved the creation of an economic development plan using participatory methods for this small city in the Catskills, with funding support from various local entrepreneurs and businesses. More recently, CRP faculty and adjunct lecturers have been involved in doing research and conducting community workshops to address the Marcellus Shale controversy in Tompkins County.

CRP in Upstate New York

OPPOSITE TOP LEFT Illustration from study on Marcellus Shale Risk Assessment in Schuyler County, NY; instructor Stephan Schmidt. Illustration: Kevin Dowd.

OPPOSITE TOP RIGHT Sherene Baugher working on Inlet Valley archaeology dig excavation of AD750 Indian site. Photo: Collection of Sherene Baugher.

OPPOSITE BOTTOM Working with a student at the Beverly J. Martin Elementary School in Ithaca on ideas for playground design in a class on action research with urban children and youth; instructor David Driskell. Photo: Neema Kudva.

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CRP’s association with planning in Brazil is deep and long-standing. In the 1950s students took courses from Professor Don Belcher in civil engineering and later accompanied Belcher on the air-photo team that selected the site for the new city of Brasilia. Through the 1970s, during the depth of the military dictatorship, more than two dozen Brazilians came to Cornell for MRP, MPS, and PhD degrees with CRP as their major or minor field. These graduates include many top government officials, university professors, and leading planners. In the early 1980s one of them, Antonio Dantas invited Bill Goldsmith to teach at the University of Brasilia. Later, a grant from the U.S. Department of Education and the Brazilian counterpart CAPES funded a five-year faculty exchange agreement with the planning department at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. In the early 2000s, CRP and FURJ established the Brazilian Cities Summer program. Numerous U.S. students have studied in Brazil and students continue to travel in both directions today.

CRP in Brazil

LEFT Fred Edmundson likely working on site selection for Brasilia, a project that also involved Tom Mackesey. Photo: Cornell University Archives.

OPPOSITE TOP Students in the Brazilian Cities Summer program at the favela Rio das Pedras in Rio de Janeiro; instructors Bill Goldsmith and Razack Karriem. Photo: Carly Fox.

OPPOSITE BOTTOM Meeting about work in Puerto Rico. Participants include from left to right Tom Cranfield, John Reps, K.C. Parsons, Jamie Benítez (chancellor of the University of Puerto Rico), Burnham Kelly, and Morris Wells. Photo: Cornell University Archives.

In the 1960s, with the aid of a Ford Foundation grant, CRP joined forces with Cornell PhD Salvador Padilla to invent one of Latin America’s most innovative graduate schools of planning at the University of Puerto Rico. A group of CRP graduate students and faculty taught at UPR as the program developed, and a sizeable group of Puerto Rican students took PhDs at Cornell. The collaboration continues informally.

CRP in Puerto Rico

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The AAP Cornell in Rome program opened in fall 1986 and CRP joined in 1988. The purpose of the program was to provide MRP students with internationally oriented internships, mainly with UN agencies, including the very large FAO and WFP offices in Rome. As the URS program grew, however, URS enrollments came to dominate the program and courses on the European city, Italian regional development, and neighborhood workshops in Rome, along with extensive field trips to understand planning and policymaking in the Italian context, were introduced. Since the late 1990s, between 15 and 22 URS students and 2 to 5 graduate students have enrolled each spring and work out of the Palazzo Lazzaroni, a handsome restored 17th century palazzo in Rome’s historic center. Graduate student placements, especially for those with language skills, now include internships in city planning agencies, European think tanks, and private organizations. Thirteen members of the CRP faculty have taught in Rome, each bringing their own perspective to the program and course offerings, as have five visiting professors from Cornell departments and other universities.

CRP in Rome

OPPOSITE TOP Illustration from final report prepared by stu-dents in the Rome Neighborhood Workshop showing case neigh-borhood locations, spring 2008; instructors Neema Kudva, Gregory Smith, and David Driskell. Illustration: Rosie Hoyem and Neema Kudva.

OPPOSITE BOTTOM Students on a field trip to Genoa led by Professor Marco Cremaschi, visiting faculty (far left). Field trips to various parts of Italy are an important part of the semes-ter’s experience. Students meet professionals, community orga-nizers, administrators, activists, and local government officials, as well as hearing from notable architects, historians, and artists to better understand Italian urban planning and policymak-ing. Photo: Mildred Warner.

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The devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina in 2005 shook the United States in many ways. Environmental justice, race/class struggles, and a strong sense of distrust towards government agencies were some of the issues raised by this tragic disaster. As a response to this complicated phenomenon, a group of planning students decided to make an attempt to disentangle these issues and obtain a deeper understanding of the city of New Orleans. This movement resulted in a collective reading course directed by Professor Ken Reardon in the later half of the fall 2005 semester.

Late in the summer of 2006, CRP students began drafting a pro-posal to offer comprehensive recovery planning services to the city’s 9th Ward. Working collaboratively with ACORN and students and faculty from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Columbia University’s Earth Institute, the students outlined a pro-cess by which they could prepare a comprehensive redevelopment plan. Weeks later, in a national competition managed by the New Orleans Community Support and the Rockefeller Foundations, CRP’s proposal emerged as one of 16 chosen from a pool of 64 architecture, planning, and engineering firms.

The CRP team was assigned to work with residents, busines-spersons, institutional leaders, and elected officials from the city’s 9th Ward, where more than 65,000 people had lived prior to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita.

CRP in New Orleans

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In the fall of 2006, more than 80 CRP students—undergraduate and graduate, in an urban studies course, a neighborhood planning workshop, and an urban design studio—began what came to be called The People’s Plan for Overcoming the Hurricane Katrina Blues: A Comprehensive Strategy for Building a More Vibrant, Sustainable, and Equitable 9th Ward (2007).

The semester’s highlight was a deeply moving and instructive five-day trip to New Orleans. The findings were striking. The overwhelming majority of buildings in storm-affected areas of the 9th Ward were structurally sound and could be cost-effectively rehabilitated. In addition, many more residents than anyone had thought had already returned to restore their homes and rebuild their neighborhoods. These findings framed the People’s Plan.

More than 10 Cornell faculty have been involved with New Orleans projects. Cornell has continued its involvement through several workshops, class projects, and internships.

ABOVE Illustration highlighting the location of the 9th Ward in New Orleans.

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TOP Students helping with clean up in the 9th Ward on their first visit to New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. Photo: Samuel Bell, New Orleans.

BOTTOM Students with ACORN members during clean up in the 9th Ward. Photo: Samuel Bell, New Orleans.

TOP Working on a property conditions inventory. Photo: Bob Barker, Cornell University Photography.

BOTTOM Community meeting in spring 2006 where students presented findings from their preliminary research and field work on the 9th Ward and the St. Roch market. Photo: Jeffrey Chusid.

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As well as engaging in public service, a number of CRP faculty and graduates have held elected office. A sampling includes:

• Elected members of the Tompkins County Legislature: Carol Chock, Michael Koplinka-Loehr (chair), Tim Joseph (chair), Barbara Blanchard, plus CRP faculty members Richard Booth and Stuart Stein, who also became chair during his term in office.

• CRP graduate Susan Blumenthal and faculty members Richard Booth and Stuart Stein were also elected members of the Ithaca City Council.

• José Serra (minor in CRP), governor of the state of São Paulo, formerly mayor of São Paulo, run-off candidate for president of Brazil, and former Minister of health attended Cornell while in forced exile during military dictatorship.

• Gabrielle Giffords was elected to the Arizona legislature from 2000–2005 and subsequently to the U.S. Congress.

CRP in Public Office

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Richard Booth has taught law in CRP since 1977. Referring to himself as “a political junkie,” Booth first ran for Common Council because he was interested in development issues in the Collegetown area. But his concerns have grown with experience: “Now I’m much more interested in the overall management of the city—in the pressures, the resources, and the divergent views on what should be done.”

Booth’s long involvement in political issues began early. “I grew up in a family in which the public service ethic was strong,” he said. Before coming to Cornell, he was an attorney for the New York State Adirondack Park Agency and for the NYS Department of Environmental Conservation. Booth

serves as a Commissioner on the New York State Adirondack Park Agency, pursuant to an appointment by the governor. He was elected to two four-year terms on the Tompkins County Legislature and served there from 2002 to late 2007, when he resigned to take his appointed seat on the Adirondack Park Agency.

He served as a member of the NYS Low-Level Radioactive Waste Siting Commission from 1991 to 1995, a position he described as “highly political and terribly controversial.” In addition, he was elected alderperson on the City of Ithaca’s Common Council in 1985 and served for a decade, including six years as chairperson of the city’s Budget and Administration Committee.

RICHARD BOOTH Chair 1991–1994

ABOVE Richard (Dick) Booth. Photo: William Staffeld.

CRP PROFILE

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Studios were an important part of Cornell’s early curriculum. From the 1960s through the early 1990s, Stuart Stein built several field work credit courses for the graduate programs. The basic field work course for MRP had students work directly with real clients on projects that clients framed. This approach was expanded to include three more special courses using the same approach: the Built-Environment Education Team (partially funded by the NEA, and run by Tania Werbizky); the Small Town Workshop run by Norman Mintz; and the Historic Preservation Planning Workshop (both partially funded by the NYS Council on the Arts). The field work and workshop tradition continues to be strong, and the department offers four to six field-based workshops dealing with a variety of thematic issues every year. In addition, graduate students are liberally funded through travel research grants and other Cornell programs and many of them get support through CRP’s cooperative internship program.

Over the years CRP has also expanded field trips, workdays, and programs away—including short annual trips sponsored by the department, the preservation program, and various student groups—as well as larger programs such as the summer program in Brazil, the winter program in Panama, short-term courses, and coordinated internship programs with NGOs. CRP has become well-known for courses and workshops in community and economic development planning that integrate action-based research with a progressive political orientation. This approach emphasizes commitment to serve established institutions in planning and policy while remaining involved with and advocating for social justice and social change. These commitments have a polarizing potential but reflect the difficulties of practicing planning in deeply inequitable societies.

Workshops, Field Work, and Field Trips

OPPOSITE Working with a GUiNYC participant at the citywide group planning session. Photo: David Driskell.

TOP Departmental spring field trips to cities are an annual affair and students hear from local government officials, staff at international agencies, nonprofits, and community groups, as well as planners, preservationists, and activists. Pictured here is preservation planner Steve Calcott (MA ’89) speaking with students on a field trip to Washington, DC. Photo: Jeffrey Chusid.

BOTTOM Brad Olson, former senior lecturer in real estate, leading a field trip in Ithaca for a course on residential development. Photo: Collection of Program of Real Estate.

Page 87

TOP Pierre Clavel with CRP509 class in Newark, New Jersey, 2008. Photo: Collection of Pierre Clavel.

BOTTOM Youth participants preparing mural at Jackson Heights site of GUiNYC. Photo: David Driskell.

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CRP in the World 85

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CRP in the World 87

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An important part of the CRP experience are its vibrant student-led organizations. While they may be more about establishing links and strengthening bonds inside the department and across Cornell, these organizations serve additional functions. The main organizations for the graduate and undergraduate student bodies, the Organization of Cornell Planners (OCP) and the Organization for Urban and Regional Studies (OURS) interface with faculty, organize field trips to nearby cities, and more.

Currently there are three professionally oriented organizations. The International Planning Students Organization (IPSO) reaches out to other development and planning students across campus, establishes relations with alumni and practitioners in a variety of fields across the world, and supports various ISP initiatives. The Preservation Studies Student Organization (PSSO) organizes social and networking events, advocates for preservation on campus, and maintains contact with program alumni. The Cornell Design and Planning Group (CDPG) and its social entrepreneurship wing, DesignConnect, focuses on bringing together students in the design and built environment disciplines—planning, architecture, landscape, design and environmental analysis, engineering, and real estate—from across Cornell.

Equally important are organizations rooted in particular identities. The Women’s Planning Forum has been instrumental in bringing women faculty and students together, to raise awareness of a host of issues that still affect women in the workplace, and to build strong

Student Organizations and Department Governance

ABOVE In spring 1995 a group of students decided that CRP would participate in the annual ritual of Dragon Day (when the engineers seek to vanquish the dragon made by the architects) by offering a peacemaking effort in the form of floating sky sheep. The helium filled sheep accompanied by chanting students were inspired by a quote attributed to Sir Patrick Geddes, “Sheep Eat Grass,” which was interpreted as a symbol for planners working in place to negotiate conflict given a particular context. Needless to say the planner’s intervention only created additional conflict! Photo and caption text: Matthew Zook (MRP ’95).

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CRP in the World 89

ties between the department’s women graduates. Planning Students for Diversity (PSD) and MOAAP (a college-wide minority student’s organization in which URS students are active) are both dedicated to providing a safe and supportive environment to minority students so they can make the most of their Cornell experience and life beyond.

The department-based student organizations are centrally involved in departmental governance. Their representatives attend faculty meetings, provide leadership at the annual Town Hall meetings that are important in setting the department’s course, and are actively involved in various departmental committees as well as faculty searches. Learning to work collaboratively within a committee is an important part of the CRP experience—and planning worldwide.

Page 90

Posters announcing events organized by various student groups over the years. Photo: Collection of Department of City and Regional Planning student groups.

TOP The college’s diversity director for a number of years, Leon Lawrence, with students. Photo: William Staffeld.

BOTTOM Marcella Gonzalez Rivas (center), Stephan Schmidt (left), and MRP students at 2010 Town Hall meeting. Photo: Ann Forsyth.

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CRP in the World 91

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Transforming Ideas

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Divergent faculty interests, expertise, and engagement are held together by four common commitments that through faculty teaching and research over time, have transformed the department and its contributions to planning. Central among these are the department’s articulation of progressive planning practice, its understanding of physical planning as located within and acting on a broader social context, its close attention to various analytical traditions, and all this while acknowledging the diverse global contexts within which we live and work.

Pierre Clavel, housing advocate Emily Achtenberg, Bill Goldsmith, human ecology faculty member Patricia Pollack, and visiting faculty member and feminist scholar Marsha Ritzdorf in the late 1980s. Photo: Collection of Pierre Clavel.


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Transforming Ideas 95

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Public policies and private initiatives like urban renewal, expressways, real estate developments of various kinds, and the environmental effects of certain private enterprises such as oil and coal extraction and heavy industry, created intense reactions starting in the 1960s. Planners were implicated in both the initiatives and the reactions. Cornell, like some other planning schools, responded and its curriculum saw several shifts from an early emphasis on “social planning” to “advocacy planning,” and finally, “progressive planning.” For a time, the department split, but in coming back together established a tradition where the social, political, and physical coexisted, however uneasily. A particular focus on redistributive policies, diversity, and participatory practices in coursework, accompanied by local interventions in the form of workshops, internships, and research projects, and occasional involvement with local “progressive” governments, came to the forefront in Cornell’s tradition of progressive planning. At Cornell a chronology of this tradition would include:

Progressive Planning

1960s Stuart Stein joins with ILR Extension professor Christopher Lindley sponsoring interventions and studies in minority communities in Elmira and Geneva.

1965 Cornell PhD graduate Salvador Padilla initiates the first graduate planning program at the University of Puerto Rico: Reps, Parsons, Goldsmith, Clavel, and other CRP faculty are involved to varying degrees, contributing to a broadening of the curriculum in Ithaca in the 1970s. Walter Thabit founds Planners for Equal Opportunity. Clavel and Goldsmith become members. Planners Network is PEO’s successor organization.

1969 Janet Scheff appears in the first of several visiting lecturer appointments teaching “social planning” from a grassroots perspective, introducing new ideas into the curriculum.

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Cornell’s curriculum saw several shifts from an early emphasis on “social planning” to “advocacy planning,” and finally, “progressive planning.”

1970s Richard Schramm and Sandar Kelman teach courses on local economic development, health economics, and related topics as visitors or adjuncts. Dorothy Nelkin teaches courses on public policy decision-making processes, defining an area that she later refers to as “controversy studies.”

1970 Faculty member Bert Swift introduces Extension-supported social planning initiatives, particularly focused on community health planning, with student projects in many upstate New York communities. Faculty Darrell Williams and Cary Hershey introduce policy analysis on urban social issues. Hershey writes the first HUD work-study grant proposal, making possible significant matriculation of graduate-level minority students.

1978 John Forester joins faculty and teaches courses on participatory planning and begins important research and writing providing a theoretical underpinning for participatory planning practice. In the 1980s Forester was centrally involved in a Cornell-wide joint student-faculty led initiative, the Cornell Participatory Action Research Network (CPARN), which had a global virtual presence.

1979 Nancy Gilgosch joins faculty and teaches courses on neighborhood planning with much student interest. Howard Hammerman teaches courses on neighborhood sociology.

Pierre Clavel, John Forester, and Bill Goldsmith convene the third of three consecutive “Planning Theory” conferences at Anabel Taylor Hall. Beyond expectations, 300 people attend, mostly planning faculty and students. Proceedings published as Urban and Regional Planning in an Age of Austerity (1980).

LEFT The proceedings of three planning theory conferences were published in a book jointly edited by Pierre Clavel, John Forester, and Bill Goldsmith titled, Urban and Regional Planning in an Age of Austerity. New York: Pergamon Press, 1980.

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LEFT Ann-Margaret Esnard with student. Photo: William Staffeld. RIGHT Clement Lai. Photo: William Staffeld.

OPPOSITE LEFT Mildred Warner. Photo: William Staffeld. OPPOSITE RIGHT Rolf Pendall. Photo: William Staffeld.

1979–83 Progressive Planning Summer School program brings in Bernie Sanders, Bert Gross, Marie Kennedy, Norm Krumholz, Chester Hartman, Bennett Harrison, Jackie Leavitt, and other luminaries. Cornell participation includes Forester, Schramm, Clavel, Goldsmith, and others.

1980s Increasing student interest in “progressive planning” through the 1980s and 1990s exemplified by thesis and project work.

1980 Goldsmith represents CRP on a Planners Network and public health tour of Cuba, observing planning in a new context.

1987 Lourdes Benería, a feminist economist, joins faculty and creates significant depth on women and work issues, especially in developing-world context.

Susan Christopherson joins faculty. Courses on industrial structure add depth to economic development offerings.

Margaret Wilder joins faculty, teaches courses adding depth to inner city issues.

1989 Benería produces Cortland impact study, a significant community development outreach effort.

1998 Ann-Margaret Esnard joins faculty, brings an environmental and social justice perspective using GIS methodologies and is instrumental in setting up the GEDDeS Lab with support from Dean Olpadwala, Steve Catechi (MRP ’95), and Robert Abrams.

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1998 Rolf Pendall joins faculty, brings progressive perspectives to courses and research in land use planning and regulation, affordable housing, and planning methods.

Mildred Warner joins as the first tenure-track faculty member funded by Cornell Cooperative Extension to expand CRP’s outreach efforts in economic development and local government policy at the local, state, and national levels.

1999 Ken Reardon visits while on sabbatical leave; eventually stays as faculty member, does community development outreach in Ithaca, Rochester, Liberty, and later, New Orleans.

2001 Neema Kudva joins faculty, brings a teaching, research, and outreach focus on nongovernmental organizations and decentralized participatory planning practices in international contexts.

2005 Clement Lai and Arturo Sanchez join faculty. Both have joint appointments with ethnic studies programs (Lai with Asian American studies, Sanchez with Latino studies). They bring depth to courses on race, ethnicity, migration, and local economic development issues. David Driskell, UN chair of Growing Up in Cities (a UNESCO-supported program), joins CRP.

2007 Ann Forsyth joins faculty, brings Planners Network office to Cornell, and coedits Progressive Planning magazine until 2009, when Pierre Clavel goes on the editorial board.

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Joining CRP in 1978, John Forester conducts research into the micropolitics of the planning process, ethics, and political deliberation assessing the ways planners shape participatory processes and manage public disputes in diverse settings. As he explains: “I’m most interested in what I call the micropolitics of planners’ work. While other faculty study economic development or environmental issues, for example, I study the actual people we call planners and how they do their work day to day.

“I’m interested in the social and political theory too, because it can help us to see more clearly real and messy situations of practice. I like to say that planning theory is what planners need when they get stuck,

when they need a new perspective in order to go on. But more than that, planners are practical theorists: they have to look into an uncertain future to anticipate a broad range of events in space, on communities, on the environment.

“There’s no escaping questions of better and worse, questions of practical ethics. What I’ve tried to do in lots of work is to understand what’s possible in planning, not what’s typical. I tend to look for striking, instructive, even moving stories of skillful practitioners who illuminate, who can teach us about the elements of excellent practice.” His 1990 book with Norman Krumholz (MRP ’65) Making Equity Planning Work won the ACSP Paul Davidoff Book Award.

JOHN FORESTER Chair 1998–2001


ABOVE John Forester talking at fall 2009 CRP orientation. Photo: William Staffeld.

CRP PROFILE

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CRP PROFILE

PIERRE CLAVEL Chair 2001–2004

ABOVE Pierre Clavel. Photo: Collection of Department of City and Regional Planning.

Pierre Clavel, likened being chair of an academic department to sailing a boat. “You get to steer and tack, but you have to sort of edge the way the wind is blowing anyway. You have to think about a multiplicity of constituencies.…. This is an intellectual challenge in our discipline….

“I was a city planner, starting with Lexington, NC in 1958; then Cranston, RI, Binghamton, NY, and several other places. Later I wanted to write about it and did a PhD at Cornell, taught in the new graduate planning program at the University of Puerto Rico (1965–1967), then at Cornell in Rural Sociology, and CRP from 1967 on. My interest is the politics of planning and community development. I see planners

in their best moments representing all the people, and am annoyed at those who oppose planners in a fundamentalist way, especially the claims that the market or pluralism is always better. I found a way around this in progressive cities that challenged this thinking, and devoted myself to writing about them. Some of the results are at www.progressivecities.org and Activists in City Hall (2010).” His 1986 book, Progressive Cities, received the ACSP Paul Davidoff Award.

Clavel retired from Cornell in 2010 but will continue doing oral histories of progressive planners. By transcribing and writing, he intends to contribute to a history that might not otherwise be written.

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Joining the CRP faculty in 2000, Ken Reardon became chair of the department in July 2004. Before coming to CRP, Reardon taught for about 10 years at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. There he launched and directed the East St. Louis Action Research Project, which earned him the 2000 President’s Award from the American Institute of Certified Planners.

Reardon is a passionate advocate for progressive planning. During his tenure as chair he wrote, “We have a strong reputation for doing equity-oriented work in politically contentious circumstances in a manner that’s highly inclusive and participatory. It’s a great foundation to build on.” While at

CRP he directed redevelopment planning projects in Rochester, Ithaca, and Liberty, initiated and worked on the New Orleans 9th Ward rebuilding plan, and established the Cornell Urban Scholars Program (CUSP) in NYC.

Reardon is also an innovative educator. While many planning academics involve students in real projects, Reardon stands out in being at the forefront of work to fully integrate student learning with community projects, which involves providing opportunities for student reflection as well as engagement.

KENNETH REARDON Chair 2004–2007


ABOVE Ken Reardon in New Orleans. Photographer unknown. OPPOSITE Selection of published books by current faculty.

CRP PROFILE

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Physical planning has been taught continuously at Cornell since the very start of the city and regional planning program. As other dimensions emerged over the years, it shared space with these approaches, briefly separating to become a department for a short period in the 1970s. Throughout, Cornell’s tradition of physical planning, as exemplified in Stu Stein’s position, has always emphasized the broader contexts within which physical planning takes place. By the 1990s however, Roger Trancik’s courses jointly listed in CRP and landscape architecture, and the historic preservation planning program had become the mainstay for physical planning interests at CRP.

Physical planners and designers create new forms that take both material and institutional modes. Their practices—as land use planners, urban designers, and environmental planners—encompass activities whose technical and practical, social and environmental, aesthetic and ethical aspects enable more useful and socially responsive results. As important is the emphasis on implementation. By deploying design processes and planning tools, implementation approaches, and institutional innovations, physical planning brings uniquely integrative capacities.

Physical planning at Cornell was enhanced starting in 1998 with the appointments of Rolf Pendall and Ann-Margaret Esnard. While Pendall brought a renewed focus on land use planning and equity into the program, Esnard did the same through the lens

Design and Physical Planning

ABOVE CD produced by Roger Trancik, Layers of Rome: Architecture, History and Geography of Ancient Rome, which explores urban design concepts through the city’s growth over time.

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of an environmental planner skilled in GIS technologies. Neema Kudva, trained as an architect and planner and arriving at CRP in 2001, brought a spatial sensibility to her teaching and advising. Stephan Schmidt, a landscape architect and environmental planner, joining in 2006, brought additional depth, as did a series of joint workshops with architecture and landscape under the Growing Up in Cities program in Nairobi and the Panama Program. Jeff Chusid’s appointment in historic preservation planning also opened up engagement with other Cornell departments and worldwide sites. A series of visiting appointments, Rob Young, George Frantz, Ole Amundsen, and since 2009, Katia Balassiano, kept physical planning vibrant. With the appointment of urban designer and planner Ann Forsyth in 2007, physical planning and design once again became a central piece of CRP’s planning vocabulary.

ABOVE LEFT Stephan Schmidt. Photo: Ann Forsyth.

ABOVE MIDDLE Katia Ballassiano, visiting faculty. Photo: William Staffeld.

ABOVE RIGHT Historic preservation faculty member, Jeff Chusid. Photo: William Staffeld.

Planners in the Cornell program have a strong history of using physical planning tools while engaging the problem of differential effects on vulnerable populations, locally and globally. It is this focus on social equity as well as envi-ronmental concerns and design quality, which distinguishes Cornell’s approach to physical planning.

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TOP Students working on a physical planning project in the 1950s. Photo: Cornell University Archives.

BOTTOM Local newspaper clipping of Mayor Jay Nelson of Dundee, NY, Cornell students, and others discussing plans for the preservation and redevelopment of downtown Dundee, a project funded by HUD and led by Stu Stein (standing on left). Photographer unknown.

Page 107

TOP Roger Trancik with students in the urban design lab. Photo: William Staffeld.

BOTTOM Ann Forsyth speaking on a field trip, outside Jane Jacobs’s former home in Greenwich Village. Photo: Sarah Smith.

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TOP LEFT AND RIGHT, BOTTOM LEFT Figure-ground maps showing street patterns in Irvine, CA, The Woodlands, TX, and Tsukuba, Japan, all planned communities. Maps: Collection of Ann Forsyth.

MIDDLE LEFT Plans of capital cities. Maps: Collection of John Reps.

MIDDLE RIGHT AND BOTTOM RIGHT Figure-ground diagrams of built and unbuilt areas in Rochester, NY, for a physical planning workshop; instructor Kris Fox. Illustrations: Marvin Chaney, Justin Queirolo, Shannon Stone, Agnes Ladjevardi, and Zachary Sivertsen.

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Coming to Cornell in 2007 from the University of Illinois, much of Kieran Donaghy’s teaching and research has involved constructing, estimating, and simulating nonlinear dynamic systems models to test theoretical propositions, evaluate policy interventions, and support planning decisions. Some of this work has been of an applied nature addressing issues of housing, transportation, land use, the physical environment, economic conversion (of military facilities), employment, public finance, climate change, migration, and

neighborhood ecology. He has also maintained an active interest in environ-mental and development ethics. A con-sultant to the World Bank, the European Commission, and other international and state and federal agencies, he served as the executive director of the Regional Science Association International from 1997 to 2003 and was the executive director of the Illinois European Union Center from 2001 to 2006.

KIERAN DONAGHY Chair 2008–present

ABOVE Kieran Donaghy talking with students. Photo: William Staffeld.

CRP PROFILE

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ABOVE Cover of Russel Cooper, Kieran Donaghy, and Geoffrey Hewings’s edited book, Globalization and Regional Economic Modeling. New York: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007.

The Department of City and Regional Planning is justly known for its teaching and research in planning analysis. The arrival of Barclay Jones in 1961 marked the beginning of the period of greatest activity. Jones developed a course in methods of planning analysis that fast became a signature element of every Cornell planning student’s professional education. The course was based on Walter Isard’s classic handbook, Methods of Regional Analysis, and Jones’s own exhaustive survey of analytical methods as applied to municipal and regional data sets. This course was soon complemented by others on project management, impact and industrial-complex analysis, econometrics and statistics, simulation modeling, optimization techniques in planning, and game theory, all taught regularly by Jones and other CRP faculty—Stan Czamanski, Sid Saltzman, David Lewis, Walter Isard, and Thomas Vietorisz. Similar courses were later offered by Matt Drennan and José Lobo and continue to be taught by Iwan Azis, Susan Christopherson, Kieran Donaghy, Rolf Pendall, and Nancy Brooks. These faculty, along with David Lewis, have also taught workshops that teach students to use modeling skills to address economic development policy and regional planning challenges. Several projects have won state and national awards. In the late 1970s, Dick Booth developed what was to be one of the first courses in environmental impact analysis taught anywhere.

The Analytical Tradition

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This impressive development in planning analytic curricula was complemented by a full research program led by faculty and graduate students that addressed such topics as regional development in Puerto Rico, Canada, South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia, as well as rural poverty in Appalachia; land use patterns in Wichita, Kansas; urban regeneration in Baltimore, Maryland; industrial clustering across the U.S.; and capacity and pricing in the utility industry of New York State, to list only a few.

In parallel came developments in planning theory, many in the area of progressive planning. John Forester, arriving in 1978, worked on a series of projects on planning in the face of power, and was a key developer of the influential communicative approach to planning theory. Political economy perspectives were evident in the work of such faculty as Bill Goldsmith, Lourdes Benería, and Porus Olpadwala. Starting in the 1980s, Goldsmith, Benería, Christopherson, Forsyth, Warner, Kudva, Lai, and Sanchez made important theoretical contributions to work on poverty, gender, and diversity. While workshop courses taught by a range of faculty remain central to teaching analytical methods in planning, an ethics course by Donaghy and revamped courses on qualitative methods by Forester and Kudva are important recent additions.

ABOVE LEFT José Lobo. Photo: William Staffeld.

ABOVE MIDDLE Nancy Brooks. Photo: William Staffeld.

ABOVE RIGHT Cover of John Forester’s book, The Deliberative Practitioner: Encouraging Participatory Planning Processes. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999.

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Cornell views itself as the land grant university to the world. Its international reputation is strong and growing, and CRP benefits from this. It has always had international students, but its deep engagement with international planning began in the early 1960s with initiatives in Yugoslavia and later, Puerto Rico. Faculty and students’ exposure to planning in the midst of extremes of poverty and inequality and the brush with ‘difference’ made possible an early opening to a different set of ideas. Pierre Clavel and Susan Christopherson credit ISP’s focus on both mainstream institutions and those outside them, as well as its consideration of the implications of planning for people’s lives and livelihoods in diverse contexts with further strengthening Cornell’s progressive tradition.

The ISP program, started in the 1970s, remains a center for international and global planning work at Cornell. ISP is able to mobilize additional funds for student travel and research through its joint location at CRP and the Mario Einaudi Center for International Affairs. Its weekly Friday afternoon seminar series once served as a meeting place for leftist academics, researchers, student activists, and international development practitioners from across campus. The seminar remains the longest continuously running lecture series at Cornell, bringing in a range of speakers, both academics and practitioners, on international issues. Early ISP faculty Porus Olpadwala, Bill Goldsmith, David Lewis, Barbara Lynch, and Lourdes Benería headed various programs across campus including the Institute for African Development (Lewis), the Gender and Global Change program (Benería), and the Latin American Studies Program (Benería, Goldsmith, Lynch). Current faculty (Neema Kudva, Razack Karriem, Marcela Rivas, Katia Balassiano), who include among them a vibrant group of visitors, continue to

International and Global Planning

ABOVE Abdulrazack (Razack) Karriem, visiting faculty member talking to students about his research in Brazil. Photo: William Staffeld.

TOP Our reality is that of an urbanized planet where the bulk of people live in smaller cities. The image on the left is of the new tax bureau in the small town of Xizhou in Yunnan province, China, built in 2004 in an exag-gerated hyper ethnic architectural style. It exemplifies the momen-tum to tear down the old to make way for the new “traditional” across China’s urban landscapes. The image on the right is of the old bus stand at the center of Mangalore in Karnataka state, India, a city that exemplifies the changes that are evident in post- liberalization India and is the subject of Neema Kudva’s on-going research on small cities. Photos: Ashley Russell (Xizhou); Neema Kudva (Mangalore).

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maintain strong affiliations with programs focused on those parts of the world where they work.

International and global planning at CRP is however more than ISP. Several faculty do comparative work in international contexts (Christopherson, Chusid, Donaghy, Forsyth, Pendall, Schmidt, Tomlan, and Warner, to name a few). Conversely, faculty most strongly associated with ISP maintain a primary interest in teaching and research practice in the global south, even as most of them also work in northern contexts. As important is the push to include international contexts and comparative cases within the core planning curricula for all MRP students, making their education truly global.

International and global planning at Cornell has benefitted greatly from the presence of visiting faculty and practitioners both on short-term visits and with long-term commitments. Thomas Vietorisz, a professor emeritus of the New School of Social Research, has been associated with ISP/CRP for 40 years, offering seminars on a range of topics, most recently on sustainability. An early advocate of international planning, regional science, and social change, he worked as a PhD student with Walter Isard; later taught United Nations graduate faculty in Santiago, Chile; and advised the Ministry of Economics for the revolutionary government of Cuba in 1960, before joining the faculty of the New School. Another long-term visiting faculty member is Iwan Azis, a highly reputed international economist known for his consulting and research work on financial economics, economic modeling, and the linkages between macrofinancial policy and social issues, mostly in South East and East Asia. At Cornell, Azis holds joint appointments in CRP/RS, the Business School, and the Department of Economics.

ABOVE Thomas Vietorisz. Photo: William Staffeld.

ABOVE MIDDLE Iwan Azis. Photo: William Staffeld.

ABOVE RIGHT Neema Kudva. Photo: David Driskell.

Page 114

BOTTOM Community members in Vista Alegre, Gran Sabana, Venezuela, at a community-based mapping workshop in the early 2000s. They worked with doctoral student, Bjorn SlettØ, to document traditional land uses and collaboratively create a plan for managing grassland wildfires. Photo: Bjorn SlettØ.

Map of Montebello, Gran Sabana, created by indigenous cartogra-phers and Bjorn SlettØ. This is the second in a series of participatory maps developed to document indigenous place names and land uses. Photo: Bjorn Slettø.

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David Lewis joined the Cornell faculty in 1973 and has been actively engaged in plan-ning and policy research in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. His work focuses on the role of governments in allocating resources as needs outstrip administrative capacity. His required course, the Project Planning Workshop, has brought real world projects in diverse international contexts into the MRP curriculum. Recent projects include a training program for government officials from Kazakhstan and establishing a plan-ning program in Sofia, Bulgaria. In 2009 he helped students from CIPA, CRP, and other programs come together to form the pro bono international development consulting firm, Cornell Global Solutions (CGS), which

has worked with the Agriculture Research and Extension program at the Catholic University of the Sudan. CGS now works with Cornell’s vice provost of International Relations on a range of projects in Haiti, including a strategic plan for establishing a public/private foundation with Haitian leadership to coordinate development in the neighborhood of the GHESKIO Clinic with which Cornell has had a long-term relationship.

Lewis was director of Cornell’s Institute for African Development for 17 years and direc-tor of the Cornell Institute of Public Affairs for 9 years until his retirement in 2010.

DAVID LEWIS Chair 1988–1991


ABOVE David Lewis with students in the Project Planning Workshop. Photo: William Staffeld.

CRP PROFILE

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Born and raised in India, Olpadwala began his professional life with Price, Waterhouse, Peat, and Co. in Calcutta. Later he headed the export department of the Indian associ-ate of Jardine Mathieson and Co. Becoming “increasingly disenchanted with the bottom-line driven imperative of private business,” he decided to join one of India’s many government-owned corporations, expecting “that such a move would provide greater leeway for incorporating social con-cerns into business decision making.” This did not seem to be the case, and Olpadwala eventually joined the CRP faculty in 1984, becoming department chair and then dean.

Underlying his work is a deep theoretical interest in the processes of economic and social development. The overriding

intellectual (and moral) question for Olpadwala is why there is so much poverty in a world of plenty.

For CRP and the College of Architecture, Art, and Planning, Olpadwala’s biggest legacy is his deft handling of the proposal by then-president Hunter R. Rawlings III and Provost Biddy Martin to disband AAP, and realign and relocate its constituent depart-ments to other campus units. Professor Buzz Spector, then chair of the Department of Art, outlined Porus’s contribution when he said, “With unfailing courtesy, but also relentless advocacy, Porus worked to keep the college together. ”

PORUS OLPADWALA Chair 1994–1998, Dean 1998–2004

ABOVE Porus Olpadwala at the installation of the plaque honoring John Reps as a National Planning Pioneer. Photo: Bob Barker, Cornell University Photography.

CRP PROFILE

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Future planners will face considerable challenges from adaptation to climate change and overhauling an aging infrastructure to stimulating innovation for sustainable development and creating healthy, vital, just cities in a rapidly urbanizing global world.

The booming northern suburbs and disappearing wetlands of Malad and Goregaon in Mumbai, where slum settlements, malls, call centers, office complexes, and high-rise housing are being built at breakneck speed. Photo: Neema Kudva.

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What is the future of planning at Cornell? It is clear that:

• Planning brings uniquely integrative capacities to solve important human problems in scientifically rigorous, aesthetically critical, and responsively practical ways.

• Planning uses a diverse range of implementation tools: built works, spatial ordering, policies (principles for dealing with recurring decisions), regulations, budgeting, and public process approaches.

• Planning has a special focus on interconnectivity, interdependence, pluralism, and interdisciplinarity—inevitably negotiated diversity—of issues, cultures, and forms of knowledge and media.

• Planning also emphasizes the interconnections between different scales: sites, neighborhood and districts, cities, metropolitan areas, and regions.

It is also clear that new problems will emerge while others that have haunted planners for some time will remain, including marginality, inequality, and injustice. Future planners will face considerable challenges from adaptation to climate change and overhauling an aging infrastructure to stimulating innovation for sustainable development and creating healthy, vital, just cities in a rapidly urbanizing global world.

Yet a view of planning as a uniquely integrative activity that can have substantial impact, allows us to look forward. Cornell’s history of interdisciplinarity and field-based teaching dating back to the program’s founding in the early twentieth century; of critically examining the underpinnings of growth and change in diverse contexts; of providing learning opportunities through integrated coursework and public service for students; and the transformative tradition of progressive planning provides substantial future direction.

Paraphrasing Barclay Jones’s memorable words with which this book started: most of all, Cornell’s planning program will work to create a learning environment so that students can continue to go on to do, write, conduct research, and solve problems beyond the capacities of their teachers.

Cornell Planning: Beyond 75

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Acknowledgementsand Sources

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Projects such as this are the work of many hands. We would like to thank a number of key people. Dean Kleinman and CRP Chair Kieran Donaghy for allocating the necessary funds to implement a project of this scope. Bill Staffeld, the college’s photographer, helped find and select images and Aaron Goldweber, communications director, provided key support on the logistical aspects of producing a book. Sarah Subin in the CRP office provided support and coordination. Brian Cornell helped set up server systems for file sharing. Thanks also to our copy editor Julie Simmons-Lynch.

Graduate student Amanda Wilson took on the role of coordinating other graduate students and Rhoda Pflum showed a particular talent for getting information from faculty. Other graduate assistants included Chris List, Jessica Stevenson, Victoria Demchak, Tiffany Ho, Gabby Voeller, and C.J. Randall. John Reps provided unparalleled help in identifying resources and people. This project could not have happened without his help. Pierre Clavel interviewed Stu Stein and also tracked down various progressive planning artifacts and department reports. Stu Stein was very generous with his files and knowledge.

Thanks to our colleagues who reviewed and made extremely valuable additions to the text: Bill Goldsmith, Susan Christopherson, Rolf Pendall, and Mildred Warner.

Design: Soulellis Studio.

TOP A meeting of the CRP 75 book team in Ann Forsyth’s office. From left to right: Tiffany Ho, Chris List, Amanda Wilson, C.J. Randall, and Rhoda Pflum. Not pictured are Victoria Demchak, Jessica Stephenson, and Gabby Voeller. Photo: Ann Forsyth.

BOTTOM Staff of the City and Regional Planning main office in 2010. From back to front: Tina Nelson, Sarah Subin, and Lorie Walker. Photo: Ann Forsyth.

Acknowledgements

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Acknowledgements and Sources 123

Sources

5 From Barclay Jones’s acceptance speech for the Distinguished Planning Educator Award, Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning, 1990. Reprinted in Cornell Architecture, Art, and Planning Newsletter, Spring 1991: 2.

12 Section compiled by editors.

16 Adapted from Goldsmith, W.W. (with assistance from K.C. Parsons), “Cornell Planning: 50 Years.” Cornell Architecture, Art, and Planning Newsletter, Fall 1984: 4–5.

Additional information: Reps, J. 2010. Personal communication.

“History of the Department,” Sibley Survival Guide 2009–2010. Department of City and Regional Planning (Ithaca, NY).

Young, G. 1935. Letter to the Alumni of the College of Architecture. Cornell University Archives, Ithaca, NY.

Clavel, P., and S. Christopherson. 2002. Academic Review. Department of City and Regional Planning (Ithaca, NY).

21 Communication with almost all living chairs.

24 Olpadwala, P. 2010. Personal communication.

Confirmation from various college newsletters.

26 Thomas J. Campanella, (MLA ’91), Associate Professor of Urban Planning and Design, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Endnotes: 1) Robert Moses quoted in M. Berman’s, All That is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity (Simon & Schuster, 1982): 301.

2) “The Reminiscences of Gilmore David Clarke,” oral history interview, 1959, The Oral History Collection, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University (New York, NY): 73–76.

28 Adapted from Holmes, L., “Cornell’s Master Planner.” Cornell Architecture, Art, and Planning Newsletter, Winter/Spring 2002: 8–10.

29 Excerpted from “A Bird’s Eye View: John Reps Looks Back on a Pioneering Career in Planning History.” Cornell Architecture, Art, and Planning Newsletter, Fall 2000: 16–18.


Additional information: Reps, J. 2010. Personal communication.



32 Adapted from Holmes, L. K.C. Parson 1927–1999: “Planner, Mentor, and Dean.” Cornell Architecture, Art, and Planning Newsletter, Fall 2000: 19.

33 Adapted from Cornell University Library. [No Date.] Guide to the Stuart Stein Papers. Collection Number: 15–02–3442.

Mink, B. “Professor About Town.” Cornell Alumni News, May 1989: 27–31.

34 Adapted from “In Memoriam: Barclay Jones.” Cornell Architecture, Art, and Planning Newsletter, Fall 1997: 8.

35 Saltzman, S. 2010. Personal communication.



Additional information confirmed by various college newsletters.

40 “History of the Department,” Sibley Survival Guide 2009–2010. Department of City and Regional Planning (Ithaca, NY).

Department of City and Regional Planning. 2010. “Master of Arts in Historic Preservation Planning.” http://aap.cornell.edu/aap/crp/programs/grad/ma.cfm.

42 Department of City and Regional Planning. 2010. Michael Tomlan. Adapted from faculty web profile.

Tomlan, M. 2010. Personal communication.

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43 Additional information from Boyce, D. 2003. “A Short History of the Field of Regional Science.” Papers in Regional Science 83, 1: 31–57.

Adapted from “Walter Isard Awarded Doctor of Humane Letters Degree.” Cornell Architecture, Art, and Planning Newsletter, Fall 1997: 17.


Department of City and Regional Planning. 2010. “About Regional Science.” http://aap.cornell.edu/aap/crp/programs/regsci/index.cfm.


Additional comments from W.W. Goldsmith and N. Kudva.

52 Department of City and Regional Planning. 2010. Lourdes Benería. Adapted from faculty web profile.

Benería, L. 2010. Personal communication.

54 Adapted from Department of City and Regional Planning. 2010. “Bachelor of Science in Urban and Regional Studies.” http://aap.cornell.edu/aap/crp/programs/urs/index.cfm.

Additional information: Donaghy, D. 2010. Departmental Structure and Targets. Ithaca: Department of City and Regional Planning.


Program in Real Estate 2010. The Cornell Real Estate Experience. http://realestate.cornell.edu/index.php/home/the_cornell_real_estate_experience.


Additional comments from various faculty.

62 Department of City and Regional Planning. 2010. Susan Christopherson. Adapted from faculty web profile.

Christopherson, S. 2010. Personal communication.

63 Goldsmith, W.W. 2010. Personal communication.

68 Stein, S. 2010. Personal communication.

Department of City and Regional Planning. 2010. Cornell Urban Scholars Program. http://aap.cornell.edu/aap/crp/outreach/cusp-old.cfm.


73 Adapted from Clavel, P., and S. Christopherson. 2002. Academic Review. Department of City and Regional Planning (Ithaca, NY).


Stein, S. 2010. Personal communication.


78 Adapted from Reardon, K. 2007. “Cornell’s Leadership in Post-Katrina New Orleans.” Architecture, Art, and Planning Newsletter, 3: 6.

Additional Information: Department of City and Regional Planning. 2010. “History of the New Orleans Planning Initiative.” http://aap.cornell.edu/crp/outreach/nopi/history.cfm.

82 Goldsmith, W.W. 2010. Personal communication

Stein, S. 2010. Personal communication.

83 Adapted from “Stein and Booth in Leadership Positions in Local Government.” Cornell Architecture, Art, and Planning Newsletter, Spring 1995: 3.

Department of City and Regional Planning. 2010. Richard Booth. Adapted from faculty web profile.

84 Stein, S. 2010. Personal Communication.



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96 Drafted by Pierre Clavel.


100 Adapted from “Faculty Interview: John Forester, City and Regional Planning.” Cornell Architecture, Art, and Planning Newsletter, Spring 1999: 12–13, 25.

Department of City and Regional Planning. 2010. John Forester. Adapted from faculty web profile.

101 Adapted from Tregaskis, S. “Pierre Clavel, City and Regional Planning.’’ Cornell Architecture, Art, and Planning Newsletter, Summer/Fall 2001: 17–18.

Department of City and Regional Planning. 2010. Pierre Clavel. Adapted from faculty web profile.

102 Adapted from “New Chair Outlines CRP’s Priorities.” Cornell Architecture, Art, and Planning Newsletter, Summer/Fall 2006: 2, 18.

Department of City and Regional Planning. 2009. Graduate Studies in City and Regional Planning: Transform Yourself/Transform the World. Ithaca: Department of City and Regional Planning.

Additional comments from A. Forsyth and N.Kudva.

104 Drafted by J. Forester, A. Forsyth, and N. Kudva.

109 Department of City and Regional Planning. 2010. Kieran Donaghy. Adapted from faculty web profile.

110 Drafted by K. Donaghy with input from A. Forsyth and N. Kudva.

112 Drafted by N. Kudva.

Additional information:



Comments from various faculty.

116 Department of City and Regional Planning. 2010. David Lewis. Adapted from faculty web profile.

Lewis, D. 2010. Personal communication.

Cornell Institute of Public Affairs. 2010. Core Faculty. http://cipa.cornell.edu/cip_facultycore.html.

117 Adapted from “Porus Olpadwala Named Chair of Planning.” Cornell Architecture, Art, and Planning Newsletter, Fall 1994: 3.

“Interview with Dean Porus Olpadwala: A College for the 21st Century.” Cornell Architecture, Art, and Planning Newsletter, Fall 2000: 3–4.

“Three Tributes to Porus Olpadwala.” Cornell Architecture, Art, and Planning Newsletter, Winter/Spring 2004: 5–6.

119 Drafted by J. Forester, A. Forsyth, and N. Kudva.


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Edited by Ann Forsyth and Neema Kudva

TransformingPlanning

AAPCornell

This book was compiled for the 75th anniversary of the Department of City and Regional Planning at Cornell University.

The anniversary was celebrated at an event held on October 15–16, 2010, in Ithaca, New York.

Copyright © 2010 College of Architecture, Art, and Planning, Cornell University.

Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License. ISBN 978-0-9785061-1-7

Library of Congress Control Number: 2010931114

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