aapa 2011 study tour – improving pavement performance #1 improving pavement performance part 1

AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Improving Pavement Performance #1

Improving Pavement

PerformancePart 1

AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Surface Treatments #1

• New Pavement design Procedure

• Asset management• Funding and pavement

maintenance• New technologies

www.aapa.asn.au

IntroductionIntroduction


• Also know as…

www.aapa.asn.au

New SAPDMNew SAPDM


History of pavement performance in South-Africa

• Isolated from international community: late 1970’s to mid 1990’s• Oil ??

• Thick asphalt pavements NO-NO• $$$ ??

• Need to stretch every cent• Force innovation


History – Damage models

• Fatigue of asphalt wearing courses (Freeme – 1970s)

• Fatigue of asphalt base layers including temperature (Published data – 1970s to 1980s)

• Permanent deformation for unbound material (Maree – 1970s to 1980s)

• Effective fatigue and crushing failure for cement stabilized layers (de Beer – 1980s)

• Vertical strain criteria for subgrade (Dorman and Metcalf – 1965)

1970’s – 1980’s


Problems with current method

• Past implementation exposed all the weaknesses of the method

• Users became disillusioned with the method• Counter-intuitive and inadmissible results• Extreme sensitivity of the method to input• Inconsistent input

• Resilient response (FWD, MDD, Laboratory)• Strength parameters

• Outdated models• Too many unexplained effects (chaos)


R&D Dream #1: Close Gap Between Reality and Theory

TheoryReality

Rut

Terminal rut

Roughness

Terminal IRI

Extent of fatigue

Time

Adjust the Theory to Predict Reality


R&D Dream #2: Levelling the Playing Field

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Area 1 Area 2 Area 3 Area 4 Area 5 Area 6 Area 7 Area 8 Area 9 Area 10

Le

ve

l of

De

ve

lop

me

nt

Overall system just as good as Weakest Link


R&D Dream #3: Single “Tool” – Different User/Risk Levels

Young professional

Seasoned professional

Design Specialist

Design scenario:• Routine and preliminary design• Low risk• Low design experience• Known materials – default input• Conventional material classification

Design scenario:• Important design• Medium risk • Seasoned professional designer• Project specific input

Design scenario:• Very important design, high risk• Special investigations • Specialist designer• Unusual materials• Project specific input

User Design application


Process

• May 2005: RPF initiate process• November 2005: P&R framework established• November 2006: Project briefs ready• February 2008 – PPIS

• revisit LTPP sections

• Three horizons of deliverables:• Short: 12 to 18 months• Med: 5 to 8 years• Long: 8 to 12 years


Concept


It will include:

• Traffic loading predictions• Material resilient response• Pavement resilient response• Damage models• Probalistic and recursive schemes

• Predict pavement response/performance, not E80’s

AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Surface Treatments #1 www.aapa.asn.au

Asset ManagementAsset Management


0

20

40

60

80

100

2008 2013 2018 2023 2028

Year

Roa

d C

ondi

tion

Good

Fair

Poor

Very Poor(Typically Designed for Traffic Expected over 20-30 Years)

Two Roads, same condition & traffic – but only budget for one ?

AB

What is Asset Management ?


0

20

40

60

80

100

2008 2013 2018 2023 2028

Year

Roa

d C

ondi

tion

What Is The Price We Pay (SANRAL)

Repair Cost = X / km

Good

Fair

Poor

Very Poor

3-5 Years

Repair Cost = 6X / km

5-8 Years

Repair Cost = 18X / km


Very Poor Condition

Poor Condition

Good Condition

Good Poor

R 0

R 2

R 4

R 6

R 8

R 10

R 12

R 14

R 16

R 18

R 20

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

International Roughness Index (m/km)

Ro

ad U

ser

Co

st (R

/km

)

Toll Class 1

Toll Class 2

Toll Class 3

Toll Class 4

Based on HDM-4 Modeling

What Is The Price We Pay – Road UserWhat Is The Price We Pay – Road User


Asset management = planning

Degree of Planning

Ro

utin

e M

ain

ten

ance

Co

sts

Per

Yea

r (R

/m2 )

Preventative Maintenance Reactive Maintenance Total Maintenance

Optimal Zone

At SANRAL = R 4.50 / m2 per year


Asset Management SystemBuilding Blocks/Puzzle Pieces of AMS

• Policy/Procedures – Principles/Rules to Guide Decisions and achieve rational outcomes – what, where, when, how.

• Funding – Financial resources for operation and results implementation.• People - People make decisions, the rest are just to support the process.• Hardware – Road Survey Equipment + IT Infrastructure.• Software – Computer based data Analysis and Storage Tools. • Data – Knowing what you have, its condition and performance Trend.

Hardware

Software

Data

People

FundingPolicy/Procedures


• For asset management to be successful all the “pieces of the puzzle” need to be in place in a “balanced equilibrium”

• It does not help you have the most advance survey vehicle but no means to effectively store and analyse the data, or

• Have the most sophisticate software, but the quality of your data is suspect !• Without Funding and People – Nothing will happen !!!

Hardware

Software

Data

People

Funding

Policy/Procedures

Asset Management System - SuccessSuccess


Collect data

• Road condition• Roughness, Rutting, micro & macro texture,

cracking, alignment, ROW video, deflections

• Traffic• Counts, WIM, Driver behaviour

• Bridges• Etc…


Economic Analysis& Optimisation

Road Deterioration &Maintenance Effects

Road User Effects

Centralised Database

Dynamic Segmentation

Uniform Sections

AMS Software - Life Cycle Modelling

Condition Surveys


Performance prediction

• Use commercially available “off the shelf” software• HDM4• PERS• dTIMS

• Prediction models updated regularly• Calibrated against LTPP sections


Good

Fair

Poor

Very Poor(Typically Designed for Traffic Expected over 20-30 Years)

Effect of intervention on pavement performance


SANRAL AMS Budgeting Procedure

Instrumental Data

CBA

Priority List

PMSRDME

RUE

Bridge Inspections

BMSBDME

RUE

CBA

Priority List

Traffic

Projected Total Volume (Sites)No. America Europe Asia-Pacific Government Total

Sm. Systems 12,000 6,600 2,100 3,000 23,700Med. Systems 6,200 3100 560 950 10,810Lg. Systems 2,650 1850 180 400 5,080Total 20,850 11,550 2,840 4,350 39,590

Projected Total Revenue (billions of $)No. America Europe Asia-Pacific Government Total

Sm. Systems $1.12 $0.62 $0.20 $0.28 $2.21Med. Systems $1.59 $0.80 $0.14 $0.24 $2.78Lg. Systems $1.80 $1.26 $0.12 $0.27 $3.46Total $4.52 $2.67 $0.46 $0.80 $8.45

Super Project List

Budget Optimisation

Projected Total Volume (Sites)No. America Europe Asia-Pacific Government Total

Sm. Systems 12,000 6,600 2,100 3,000 23,700Med. Systems 6,200 3100 560 950 10,810Lg. Systems 2,650 1850 180 400 5,080Total 20,850 11,550 2,840 4,350 39,590



EasternProjected Total Volume (Sites)

No. America Europe Asia-Pacific Government TotalSm. Systems 12,000 6,600 2,100 3,000 23,700Med. Systems 6,200 3100 560 950 10,810Lg. Systems 2,650 1850 180 400 5,080Total 20,850 11,550 2,840 4,350 39,590



SouthernProjected Total Volume (Sites)




NorthernProjected Total Volume (Sites)




Western

Programming Programming Programming Programming

Pavement Management System Bridge Management System


AMS - Information Sharing

1,000s

Data Creators

Data Users

Data Viewers100s

10s

Information ManagementTechnology

Applications(GIS, CAD, PMS)


• Before 1994o Provincial road maintenance

allocated nationally

• 1994 onwardso Provincial road maintenance

allocated provinciallyo Compete with Health, Education,

etc

• National roadso Nationally allocated

www.aapa.asn.au

Road maintenance fundingRoad maintenance funding


• New bill• provincial road maintenance not from provincial fiscus• Nationally via SANRAL• BUT: Provincial authorities to have asset management

system in place + data < 2 years old• Capital projects still from provincial fiscus

• Metros and municipalities to follow• Main reason Roads national asset

Future or Road maintenance funding in South Africa

Degree of Planning

Ro

utin

e M

ain

ten

ance

Co

sts

Per

Yea

r (R

/m2 )

Preventative Maintenance Reactive Maintenance Total Maintenance

Optimal Zone

At SANRAL = R 4.50 / m2 per year


End of part 1

aapa 2011 study tour – improving pavement performance #1 improving pavement performance part 1

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