ABBREVIATIONS

1G

2G

3G

3GPP

4G

A/D

ALE

AMPS

ATF

AWGN

BCH

BER

BFSK

BPF

BPSK

BS

BW

BWC

CCPCH

CCTrCh

CDF

CDMA

CIR

First generation

second generation

third generation

third generation partner project

fourth generation

analog to digital

adaptive line enhancer

advanced mobile phone systems

adaptive time frequency

additive white gaussian noise

broadcast channel

bit error rate

binary frequency shift keyed

band pass filter

binary Phase Shift Keying

base station

bandwidth

broadband wireless communications

common control physical channel

coded composite transport channel

cumulative density function

code Division Multiple Access

carrier to interference ratio

328 Broadband Wireless Communications

CLPC

CPICH

CRC

D/A

DAB

DCH

DPCCH

DPCH

DPDCH

DLL

DM

DS

DS-CDMA

DSP

DS-SS

DVB

EDGE

FBI

FDD

FDMA

FFH

FFT

FIR

FH

FHMA

FM

FPGA

GI

GPRS

closed loop power control

Common downlink pilot channels

cyclic redundancy check

digital to analog

digital audio broadcast

dedicated transport channel

dedicated physical control channel

Dedicated Physical Channel

dedicated physical data channel

delay-locked loop

delta modulation

direct sequence

direct sequence code division multiple access

digital signal processing

direct sequence spread spectrum

digital video broadcast

enhanced data rates for GSM evolution

feedback information

frequency division duplex

frequency division multiple access

fast frequency hopping

fast Fourier transform

finite impulse response

frequency hopping

frequency hopping multiple access

frequency modulation

field programmable gate arrays

group identification

general packet radio service

Abbreviations 329

GPS

GSM

I

IC

ID

IID

i-mode

IMT-2000

ISDN

ISI

ISM

I/Q

J/S

Kbps

LAN

LMS

LPF

MA

MAI

Mbps

MC

Mcps

MCI

MF

MFSK

MIP

MRC

MS

MTJ

Global position systems

global systems for mobile

in phase

Interference cancellation

identification

independent identically distributed

internet mode

international mobile telecommunications 2000

integrated service digital network

inter-symbol- interference

industrial scientific and medical

in-phase/quadrature

jammer to signal power ratio

kilo bits per second

local area network

least mean square

lowpass filter

multiple Access

multiple Access Interference

mega bits per second

multicarrier CDMA

mega chips per second

multi-code interference

matched filter

M-ary frequency shift keyed

multipath intensity profile

maxim ratio combining/combiner

mobile station

multitone jamming

330 Broadband Wireless Communications

MTLL

MUX

NBI

ND

OFDM

OLPC

OVSF

PAR

PARCOR

PBJ

PC

PCCC

PCM

PDC

PSC

PSH

P-CPICH

PG

PLL

PN

PSD

Q

QAM

QoS

QPSK

RF

RLS

RS

mean time to lose lock

multiplexing

narrowband Interference

normalized deviation

orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

open loop power control

orthogonal variable spreading factor

peak-to-average ratio

partial correlation

partial-band jamming

power control

Parallel Concatenated Convolutional Code

pulse code modulation

personal digital cellular

primary synchronization code

primary synchronization channel

primary Common downlink pilot channels

processing gain

phase-locked lock

pseudonoise

power spectral density

quadrature

quadrature amplitude modulation

quality of service

quadrature phase shift keying

radio frequency

recursive least square

Reed Solomon

Abbreviations 331

S-CPICH

SF

SFH

SGL

SINR

SIR

SNR

SS

SSCH

SSDT

TDMA

TFCI

TPC

TrCH

VCO

WAP

WCDMA

WMSA

WSSUS

Common downlink pilot channels

spreading factor

slow frequency hopping

stochastic gradient lattice

signal-to-interference plus noise ratio

signal-to-interference ratio

signal to noise ratio

spread-spectrum

second synchronization channel

Site selection diversity transmit

Time division multiple access

transport-format combination indicator

transmit power control

transport channel

voltage controlled oscillator

wireless access protocol

wideband code division multiple access

weighted multi-slot averaging

wide-sense-stationary uncorrelated-scattering

INDEX

1G 3112G 3113G 2, 3154G 315

AAccess scheme 4Acquisition 95Adaptive transmission 2Air interface 4Analog system 311Antenna

Adaptive antenna array 2Antenna array 2, 66Antenna diversity 2, 8Antenna pattern 2Smart antenna 316

Asynchronous system 176

BBandwidth constraint 2Base station 2, 18, 19, 25-28Bit error rate 227, 266

CancellationInterference cancellation 65,

74Partial cancellation 65

Carrier phase 36CDMA overlay 123Cell

Cell acquisition 2Cell search 1, 24-27Cell search time 24Cell site 24, 25Fast cell search 26Inter-cell interference 26

Inter-cell asynchronous 2, 24Inter-cell synchronous 2, 24

Cellular model 311Channels

AWGN channel 35Channel characteristic 35Channel estimation 5, 26, 29,

35, 43Data channel 36, 37Dedicated channel 27Downlink channel 5, 7, 21,

22, 26, 27Paging channel 23Physical channel 2, 4-7, 12,

16-18, 20, 21, 23, 28, 29Search channel 29Synchronization channel 20Traffic channelTransport channel 4, 5, 7, 12,

13Uplink channel 4, 14Wireless channel 35, 65, 68,

71Chip

Chip duration 38Chip energy 36, 37

Code division multiple access 2, 4Multicode CDMA 4Wideband CDMA 1, 2CDMA2000 1, 18, 24

Codes (Coding)Block coding, 8Channel code 36Channelization code 7, 14, 16,

17, 20, 22, 23Concatenated coding 9Code group 23, 25Coding gain 4, 9Coding rate 7-9, 12

C

Index 333

Constituent encoder 9, 10Constraint length 8, 9Convolutional coding 7-9Multi-SF code 26Primary scrambling code 7,

22, 23Recursive systematic code 4,

9Scrambling code 14, 16, 18,

19, 21-25, 36, 40, 66, 72Secondary scrambling code 7,

22, 23Spreading code 13, 17, 18, 25,

26Synchronization code 25Turbo coding 2, 4, 7-11

Coherent detection 5Combining

Maximum ratio combining 35,72, 225, 227

Complex variable 68Computation complexity 4, 9Component

Desired component 41Interference component 41Noise component 41, 74

Control information 4, 5Convergence 147, 148Correlation

Auto-correlation 41Cross-correlation 41, 175

Cyclic shift 25

DDecision statistic 41, 73Decoding

Iterative decoding algorithm4, 9

Direct sequence 225, 226Diversity order 225Domain

Frequency domain 13

EEnvelope fluctuation 65Envelope variation 54, 56, 65Errors

Channel estimation error 35,44

Error correction 7Error detection 7Error probability 48Error rate 7Phase error 38

Estimation 35, 39

FFading 26, 95

Complex fading 68Fading channelFading factor 37Fading rate 207Fading variation 71Frequency selective fading

channel 27, 28, 225, 252Multipath fading channel 2,

34, 37, 46, 49, 176, 266Nakagami 35, 47, 69Rayleigh 37, 47, 69, 256, 290Rician 37, 47, 69

Feedback information 5, 29Filter

Adaptive filter 124, 147Frequency response 74Impulse response 13, 37, 40,

68, 70, 74, 124Lattice filter 124, 147, 148LMS filter 147, 148Low pass filter 38, 71Matched filter 38, 74Pulse shaping 13, 41, 42, 57Rolloff factor 13Square-root raised cosine 13,

58, 68, 70Wiener filter 124

Finite state machine 8

334 Broadband Wireless Communications

FrameFrame length 25Frame structure 5, 6, 26Frame timing 25, 28

FrequencyCut-off frequency 43, 44, 71Doppler frequency 43, 44, 71

Frequency division duplex 4, 177,252, 311

Frequency hopping 225, 227, 266,291

GGlobal positioning system 19, 24GSM 311

HHadamard transformation 17Handoff

Hard handoff 27Soft handoff 1, 26-28

IIdentification

Group identificatio 25Temporary identification 28

i-mode 311IMT-2000 2Interference 72

Adjacent cell interference 225,266

Multiaccess interference 39,43, 66, 123, 176, 206, 207

Multipath interference 39, 43,147

Multiuser interference 65Self interference 65Interference rejection 123Interference suppression 123,

147, 225Interleaver

Internal interleaver 9-11Pseudo-random interleaver 4,

9Internet access 2I/Q 4, 35

I/Q branches 20IS-95 1, 24ISM 123

LLinear technique 123, 124Link capacity 2, 12, 26, 27Loop

Close loop 29Delay locked loop 95Inner loop 24, 27Open loop 29Phase locked loop 96Slow quality loop 24Tau-dither loop 96

MMCI regeneration 70Mean square error 35, 125Mobile communications 35Monte-carlo simulation 252Multicarrier 225, 252Multimedia communications 1, 2,

16, 310Multicode 64-66Multiple access 35, 147, 266, 290,

315Multiplexing 13

Code multiplexing 4, 11, 26Time multiplexing 26

Multiuser receiver 66

NNarrowband

Narrowband interference 123,147, 148, 175, 206, 207, 252

Narrowband signal 123Narrowband system 123, 311Narrowband users 148

Near-far problem 26, 175, 176,

Index 335

206Noise 2

Background noise 26, 27AWGN noise 147

Nonlinear technique 123, 124Normalized deviation 55Notched filter 123

Optimal estimator 35Orthogonal frequency division

multiplexing 226, 315, 318Orthogonality 14, 16-18, 22, 28

PPacket radio 311Partial correlator 290Path loss 26, 27, 176Peak-to-average power ratio 35,

54Phase reference 7Physical layer 4, 13, 14, 65Pilot 26

Code multiplexed pilot 35, 36Pilot bits 5Pilot channel 4, 6, 7, 35-37,

48, 66, 70Pilot symbol 2, 26, 35-38, 43,

65Time multiplexed pilot 35

PolynomialGenerator polynomial 19, 23Primitive polynomial 19, 23

PowerPower allocation 35, 175Power amplifier 35, 54, 56,

59, 60Power consumption 311Power estimation 206Power ratio 36Power spectrum density 37

Power control 1, 24, 26, 27, 176,206

Adaptive power control 175Closed loop power control 12,

177,178, 206Open loop power control 175,

177Power control error 175, 180,

206Site selection diversity

transmit power control 28Probability density function 47, 69Propagation delay 37, 68Puncturing 12

QQuality of service 12

RRadio 66

Radio channel 2, 9Radio frame 4, 5, 12, 16, 23Radio frequency 4Radio link 4, 5Radio resource controller 13

Rake 72Rake combiner (combining)

26, 27Rake finger 26, 28, 49, 65, 72Rake receiver 28, 35, 37, 38,

44, 65, 70, 225Random hopping pattern 225Random variable 37, 41, 45, 47,

69, 74Rate matching 1, 7, 12, 13

Dynamic rate matching 12Static rate matching 12

ReceptionCoherent reception 35Noncoherent reception 35

Rectangular matrix 11Reed-solomon 266, 290Reference

Reference user 41, 42, 65Reference path 41, 73

O

336 Broadband Wireless Communications

Resolvable path 38, 65, 68Roaming 311Root mean square 55, 95

Second generation 2Self jamming 176Sequence 14, 19-21, 23, 25

Binary sequences 20, 24, 35,41

Complex sequence 20, 23, 35Gold sequence 19, 23m-sequence 19, 23orthogonal sequence 176polyphase sequence 35Quaternary sequence 20Real sequence 23Scrambling sequence 19-21,

23-25, 37, 66, 76Spreading sequence 41

Serial-to-parallel converted 20, 66Shadowing 27, 176Shift register 8, 10Side information 290Signal to interference ratio 12, 27,

179Signal to noise ratio 95Software radio 1, 3, 6Spectrum efficiency 147Spreading 1, 13-17, 20-22, 26, 27

Complex spreading 14, 34, 36,54, 59, 60, 65

Dual channel spreading 14,54, 59, 60

Orthogonal variable spreadingfactor 16, 36, 65

Spreading code 13, 14, 17, 18,25, 26, 66

Spreading factor 4, -6, 12,16-18, 22, 44

Spreading waveform 95Stochastic gradient 147Synchronization 95

System capacity 26, 53

TTail bit 8, 10Tapped delay line 68Tentative decision 66, 70Third generation 1-3Timing error 74Timing offset 27, 28Tracking 147

Tracking error 95Tracking loop 95Tracking offset 95-97Tracking range 97

Traffic load 26Transfer function 9, 41Transmission 12, 18,

Adaptive transmission 2Images transmission 2, 24Multicode transmission 14Transmission power 28, 54Video transmission 2

Transmit power 1, 28-29Transmit diversity

Closed loop mode 29Open loop mode 29Space time transmit diversity

29Time switched transmit

diversity 29Transport format combination 5Trellis

Trellis termination 10

Weight factor 20, 21, 30, 72Wideband CDMA 1, 2, 4, 13, 16,

18, 24-29, 35, 36, 43, 66Wideband service 2Wired connection 2Wireless access 2Wireless internet 1, 2Wireless LAN 122, 291

S

W

THE AUTHOR

Jiangzhou Wang received the B.S. andM.S. degrees from Xidian University,Xian, China, in 1983 and 1985,respectively, and the Ph.D. degree (withGreatest Distinction) from the Universityof Ghent, Belgium, in 1990, all inelectrical engineering.

From 1990 to 1992, he was aPostdoctoral Fellow at the University ofCalifornia at San Diego, USA, where heworked on the research and developmentof cellular CDMA systems. From 1992 to1995, he was a Senior System Engineer atRockwell International Corporation,Newport Beach, California, where he

worked on the development and system design of wireless communications.Since 1995, he has been with the University of Hong Kong, where he iscurrently an Associate Professor. Dr. Wang has held a Visiting Professorposition at NTT DoCoMo, Japan. He was a Research Fellow for two years inSoutheast University, China, in 1980’s. He was a Technical Chairman of theIEEE Workshop in 3G Mobile Communications, 2000. Dr. Wang haspublished over 100 papers, including more than 20 IEEETransactions/Journal papers in the areas of wireless mobile and spreadspectrum communications. He has written/edited two books, including thisbook.

Dr. Wang is an Editor for IEEE Transactions on Communications and aGuest Editor on Wideband CDMA for IEEE Journal on Selected Areas inCommunications. He holds one US patent in the GSM system. He is a SeniorMember of IEEE and listed in Marquis Who’s Who in the World.